PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

Endorsement of the Smoot-Hawley tariff — Alfred E. Smith, 1932

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.601932Herbert HooverTariff levelsMaintain — and if necessary widen — the protective tariff; reject the Democratic 'competitive tariff for revenue'
0.561932Herbert HooverTariff levelsPreserve the bipartisan Tariff Commission's flexible power to adjust rates without congressional log-rolling
0.551932Franklin D. RooseveltTariff levelsA "competitive" tariff set through a scientific Tariff Commission, with anti-log-rolling rules and a public counsel
0.511936Alf LandonExecutive reciprocal trade agreements (1934 Act)Repeal the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act; return treaty power to the Senate and tariff-making to Congress
0.451932Franklin D. RooseveltFarm prices and agricultural surplusRaise staple farm prices by a tariff-equivalent benefit plus voluntary production control, at no cost to the Treasury
0.431932Alfred E. SmithOverall role and scale of the federal governmentWar on any candidate who makes 'demagogic appeals to the masses' setting class against class
0.421932Herbert HooverFarm prices and agricultural surplusFarm prices can be restored only by general recovery and markets — no production control, no subsidies; repeal Farm Board stabilization
0.411932Franklin D. RooseveltPublic works as employment policyPublic works spending is only a stopgap, not a cure for unemployment
0.401932Franklin D. RooseveltTariff levelsRevise the tariff downward through reciprocal trade agreements
0.401932Norman ThomasNational ProhibitionRepeal the Eighteenth Amendment — the candidate preferring a binding national referendum
0.401932Herbert HooverEuropean war debts and reparationsNo cancellation of war debts; apply any annual payment to opening foreign markets for American farm products
0.401932Newton D. BakerLeague of Nations and international organizationsDo not make the League of Nations a party issue; no entry until a majority of Americans approve
0.391932Franklin D. RooseveltCampaign finance and lobbyingContinuous publicity of political contributions; stronger Corrupt Practices Act; curb paid lobbies
0.381936Franklin D. RooseveltHow to finance old-age and unemployment insurance (contributory reserve vs. pay-as-you-go)Defense of the payroll-tax financing: the employer pays an equal share and the reserves are safe
0.381932Herbert HooverInternational economic and monetary conferencesA world economic conference on monetary stabilization and trade, with an agricultural representative
0.371932Herbert HooverGold standard and currency basisHold the gold standard and the 'honest dollar'; no fiat money, no 'rubber dollar' price-fixing
0.371932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of utility rates and holding companiesEight-point federal utility program: publicity, Federal Power Commission control of holding companies, prudent-investment rate base
0.371932Albert C. RitchieFederal responsibility for reliefStates' rights and business-led recovery — no federal intervention in relief
0.371936Frank KnoxHow to finance old-age and unemployment insurance (contributory reserve vs. pay-as-you-go)The Social Security Act is 'unworkable and unsound' -- 'lip service to security'; a Republican administration would offer its own legislation
0.361932Norman ThomasIndependence of the Supreme CourtA Workers' Rights Amendment; curb the Supreme Court's power over Congress; proportional representation; direct election of the President
0.361932Herbert HooverPublic ownership of electric powerFederal regulation of interstate power; opposition to government operation of the power business
0.361936Franklin D. RooseveltConcentrated economic power vs. the average citizen (rhetorical framing)Take power from the 'economic royalists': the mandate of 1932 is to end economic tyranny
0.361932Herbert HooverTariff levelsUnconditional most-favored-nation treatment; no reciprocal bargains or preferences
0.361932Herbert HooverMaintenance of wage levels in depressionUphold wages and spread work by voluntary agreement of employers and labor; shorter hours in government service
0.361936Earl BrowderCommunism, radicalism and "alien isms" as a political issuePopular Front: nominal opposition to Roosevelt, real opposition to Landon and 'fascism'