PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

Adhere to the World Court; arbitration of disputes; consultation to enforce the Kellogg-Briand Pact — Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1932

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.701932Herbert HooverAdherence to the World CourtJoin the World Court with reservations; make the Kellogg-Briand Pact an instrument for consultation — but no commitments to use force
0.671936Alf LandonNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsPromote peace by all honorable means; no League, no World Court, no plan that could involve the U.S. in a war it had no part in beginning
0.531932Herbert HooverTariff levelsUnconditional most-favored-nation treatment; no reciprocal bargains or preferences
0.521932Herbert HooverNon-recognition of territorial gains by aggression (Stimson Doctrine)Never recognize territory gained in violation of the peace pacts (the Stimson Doctrine)
0.521936Alf LandonExecutive reciprocal trade agreements (1934 Act)Repeal the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act; return treaty power to the Senate and tariff-making to Congress
0.501932Herbert HooverRight to organize and bargain collectivelyCollective bargaining by representatives of the employees' own choice, 'without the interference of any one'
0.491936Franklin D. RooseveltNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsKeep the United States out of war: true neutrality, take the profits out of war, no political commitments
0.491932Herbert HooverNational ProhibitionResubmit the Eighteenth Amendment so each state may decide, with constitutional guarantees against the saloon and against interference with dry states; enforce the law meanwhile
0.491936Franklin D. RooseveltAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerMeet constitutional obstacles by 'clarifying amendment' -- and say nothing about the Supreme Court
0.491936Alf LandonIndependence of the Supreme CourtAn independent Supreme Court secure from executive or legislative invasion; maintain the balance between States and nation
0.481936Franklin D. RooseveltExecutive reciprocal trade agreements (1934 Act)Continue the reciprocal trade agreements to lower barriers against American exports
0.481936Franklin D. RooseveltAntitrust and concentration of economic powerVigorously enforce the antitrust laws and restore their efficacy against new corporate devices
0.461936Alf LandonRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesKeep federal regulation of securities marketing and interstate utilities, vested in independent tribunals under definite standards subject to court review
0.461932Franklin D. RooseveltNaval arms and disarmamentInternational agreements for the reduction of armaments
0.461936Alf LandonRight to organize and bargain collectivelyGovernment as umpire and mediator; develop conciliation instead of rushing disputes to the President's doorstep
0.451932Franklin D. RooseveltTariff levelsRevise the tariff downward through reciprocal trade agreements
0.451932Newton D. BakerEuropean war debts and reparationsEntry into the World Court and cancellation of the war debts (the record that made him 'politically unpopular')
0.441932Franklin D. RooseveltRailroad regulation and consolidationSix-point railroad program — conditional federal support, receivership reform, ICC regulation of trucks and holding companies, consolidation
0.431932Franklin D. RooseveltAntitrust and concentration of economic powerStrengthen and impartially enforce the antitrust laws
0.431932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesNo implied government approval of foreign bond sales; officials will not try to move stock prices
0.421932Franklin D. RooseveltInternational economic and monetary conferencesConvene international monetary and economic conferences to stabilize currencies and restore trade
0.421936Franklin D. RooseveltRight to organize and bargain collectivelyGuard the worker's right to organize and bargain collectively
0.411932Franklin D. RooseveltEuropean war debts and reparationsNo cancellation of the war debts — make payment possible by restoring trade
0.411932Franklin D. RooseveltTariff levelsA "competitive" tariff set through a scientific Tariff Commission, with anti-log-rolling rules and a public counsel
0.401932Franklin D. RooseveltPolicy toward Latin America and the Western HemisphereNon-interference in other nations' affairs and cooperation with Western Hemisphere nations