Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.
1932 › Herbert Hoover (Republican) › Non-recognition of territorial gains by aggression (Stimson Doctrine)
Never recognize territory gained in violation of the peace pacts (the Stimson Doctrine)
defense_of_recordspecific_pledgecandidate_directevidence A Diplomacy & International InstitutionsForeign Policy⚡ Japanese invasion of Manchuria similar solutions · similar reasoning
Solution
Maintain the doctrine, announced over Manchuria in January 1932 and endorsed by the League and the Western Hemisphere nations, that the United States will not recognize title to territory acquired in violation of the Kellogg Pact.
Rationale
'Public opinion made tangible and effective' — sanction without force.
Statements (1)
I have projected a new doctrine into international affairs--the doctrine that we do not and never will recognize title to the possession of territory gained in violation of the peace pacts which were signed with us.
Follow-through
kept
Maintained through the end of the term and continued by Roosevelt, who likewise refused to recognize Manchukuo.
Mechanisms
| Date | Type | Name | Effect | Consistent? | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1932-01-07 | message | Stimson note and continuing non-recognition | Doctrine reaffirmed in the platform and by the League Assembly. | yes | Republican Party Platform of 1932 |
Assessments
Roosevelt continued the policy without adding force.
Instead, like Hoover before him, Roosevelt merely refused to recognize Japanese control of Manchuria.
Enacted by others
| 1933-03-04 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | message Continued non-recognition of Manchukuo | source |
1932-hoover-non-recognition-doctrine · created by claude-fable-5-1 · review: unreviewed