PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

Revise the tariff downward through reciprocal trade agreements — Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1932

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.711932Herbert HooverTariff levelsMaintain — and if necessary widen — the protective tariff; reject the Democratic 'competitive tariff for revenue'
0.641932Herbert HooverTariff levelsUnconditional most-favored-nation treatment; no reciprocal bargains or preferences
0.621936Franklin D. RooseveltExecutive reciprocal trade agreements (1934 Act)Continue the reciprocal trade agreements to lower barriers against American exports
0.611932Franklin D. RooseveltEuropean war debts and reparationsNo cancellation of the war debts — make payment possible by restoring trade
0.611932Herbert HooverEuropean war debts and reparationsNo cancellation of war debts; apply any annual payment to opening foreign markets for American farm products
0.581936Alf LandonExecutive reciprocal trade agreements (1934 Act)Repeal the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act; return treaty power to the Senate and tariff-making to Congress
0.561932Franklin D. RooseveltFarm prices and agricultural surplusRaise staple farm prices by a tariff-equivalent benefit plus voluntary production control, at no cost to the Treasury
0.531932Franklin D. RooseveltTariff levelsA "competitive" tariff set through a scientific Tariff Commission, with anti-log-rolling rules and a public counsel
0.521932Franklin D. RooseveltInternational economic and monetary conferencesConvene international monetary and economic conferences to stabilize currencies and restore trade
0.501932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesFederal regulation of securities and commodity exchanges, interstate holding companies and interstate utility rates
0.501932Herbert HooverFarm prices and agricultural surplusFarm prices can be restored only by general recovery and markets — no production control, no subsidies; repeal Farm Board stabilization
0.491932Herbert HooverTariff levelsPreserve the bipartisan Tariff Commission's flexible power to adjust rates without congressional log-rolling
0.471932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesNo implied government approval of foreign bond sales; officials will not try to move stock prices
0.461932Franklin D. RooseveltRailroad regulation and consolidationSix-point railroad program — conditional federal support, receivership reform, ICC regulation of trucks and holding companies, consolidation
0.461932Herbert HooverInternational economic and monetary conferencesA world economic conference on monetary stabilization and trade, with an agricultural representative
0.461932Alfred E. SmithEuropean war debts and reparationsA twenty-year moratorium on the war debts, writing them off in proportion to each nation's purchases of American goods
0.451932Herbert HooverRight to organize and bargain collectivelyCollective bargaining by representatives of the employees' own choice, 'without the interference of any one'
0.451932Franklin D. RooseveltAdherence to the World CourtAdhere to the World Court; arbitration of disputes; consultation to enforce the Kellogg-Briand Pact
0.431932Franklin D. RooseveltNational economic planningIndustry leaders to organize cooperatively for the common good; government regulates only as a last resort
0.431932Franklin D. RooseveltAntitrust and concentration of economic powerStrengthen and impartially enforce the antitrust laws
0.431932Franklin D. RooseveltBalancing the federal budgetBalance the federal budget annually within revenues
0.421936Alf LandonRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesKeep federal regulation of securities marketing and interstate utilities, vested in independent tribunals under definite standards subject to court review
0.421936Franklin D. RooseveltNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsKeep the United States out of war: true neutrality, take the profits out of war, no political commitments
0.421932Franklin D. RooseveltOverall role and scale of the federal governmentGovernment as a check on concentrated economic power — "individualism" redefined as equality of opportunity
0.421936Alf LandonNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsPromote peace by all honorable means; no League, no World Court, no plan that could involve the U.S. in a war it had no part in beginning