PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

Join the World Court with reservations; make the Kellogg-Briand Pact an instrument for consultation — but no commitments to use force — Herbert Hoover, 1932

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.701932Franklin D. RooseveltAdherence to the World CourtAdhere to the World Court; arbitration of disputes; consultation to enforce the Kellogg-Briand Pact
0.601936Alf LandonNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsPromote peace by all honorable means; no League, no World Court, no plan that could involve the U.S. in a war it had no part in beginning
0.501932Herbert HooverNational ProhibitionResubmit the Eighteenth Amendment so each state may decide, with constitutional guarantees against the saloon and against interference with dry states; enforce the law meanwhile
0.481932Herbert HooverTariff levelsUnconditional most-favored-nation treatment; no reciprocal bargains or preferences
0.481932Herbert HooverOverall role and scale of the federal governmentPreserve 'ordered freedom' and equality of opportunity; reject a state-controlled or state-directed economy as 'tyranny'
0.481936Alf LandonIndependence of the Supreme CourtAn independent Supreme Court secure from executive or legislative invasion; maintain the balance between States and nation
0.471936Franklin D. RooseveltAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerMeet constitutional obstacles by 'clarifying amendment' -- and say nothing about the Supreme Court
0.471936Alf LandonRight to organize and bargain collectivelyLabor's right to organize in any union it prefers, free from coercion by employer, fellow employee or anyone else; organizers' lawful activity protected
0.451936Frank KnoxAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerNew federal activities only when legalized by constitutional amendment -- 'the horse and buggy method'
0.441936Franklin D. RooseveltNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsKeep the United States out of war: true neutrality, take the profits out of war, no political commitments
0.441932Albert C. RitchieFederal responsibility for reliefStates' rights and business-led recovery — no federal intervention in relief
0.441932Herbert HooverNon-recognition of territorial gains by aggression (Stimson Doctrine)Never recognize territory gained in violation of the peace pacts (the Stimson Doctrine)
0.431936Franklin D. RooseveltCivil service and patronageImmediately extend the merit system to all non-policy-making federal positions
0.431932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesNo implied government approval of foreign bond sales; officials will not try to move stock prices
0.421932Herbert HooverRight to organize and bargain collectivelyCollective bargaining by representatives of the employees' own choice, 'without the interference of any one'
0.421932Franklin D. RooseveltNational ProhibitionRepeal the Eighteenth Amendment by state conventions; legalize beer now; states control liquor and bar the saloon
0.421932Franklin D. RooseveltRailroad regulation and consolidationSix-point railroad program — conditional federal support, receivership reform, ICC regulation of trucks and holding companies, consolidation
0.411936Franklin D. RooseveltWorking hours and labor standardsRevive the NRA's principles 'by one device or another' (imputed; the President would not say)
0.411932Franklin D. RooseveltAntitrust and concentration of economic powerStrengthen and impartially enforce the antitrust laws
0.401936Alf LandonAntitrust and concentration of economic powerUse the full power of the federal government to break up private monopolies and enforce the antitrust laws 'without fear or favor'
0.401932Franklin D. RooseveltNational economic planningIndustry leaders to organize cooperatively for the common good; government regulates only as a last resort
0.401936Alf LandonExecutive reciprocal trade agreements (1934 Act)Repeal the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act; return treaty power to the Senate and tariff-making to Congress
0.401932Herbert HooverFederal responsibility for reliefRelief through voluntary mobilization and local responsibility, with RFC loans to exhausted states — no federal dole
0.401932Franklin D. RooseveltOverall role and scale of the federal governmentGovernment as a check on concentrated economic power — "individualism" redefined as equality of opportunity
0.401936William LemkeMinimum wagesA 'living annual wage' -- $1,800 for a family of five -- by federal law and a constitutional amendment if necessary