PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

An independent Supreme Court secure from executive or legislative invasion; maintain the balance between States and nation — Alf Landon, 1936

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.651932Herbert HooverNational ProhibitionResubmit the Eighteenth Amendment so each state may decide, with constitutional guarantees against the saloon and against interference with dry states; enforce the law meanwhile
0.621932Herbert HooverRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesNo federal 'blue sky' law — securities regulation belongs to the states, and the President should not police booms
0.611936Alf LandonAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerWages, hours and child labor by State law and interstate compact -- and a constitutional amendment giving the States power if the courts forbid
0.611932Norman ThomasIndependence of the Supreme CourtA Workers' Rights Amendment; curb the Supreme Court's power over Congress; proportional representation; direct election of the President
0.601936Franklin D. RooseveltAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerMeet constitutional obstacles by 'clarifying amendment' -- and say nothing about the Supreme Court
0.601932Herbert HooverIndependence of the Supreme CourtPreserve the independence of the Supreme Court from party control
0.551936Alf LandonAntitrust and concentration of economic powerUse the full power of the federal government to break up private monopolies and enforce the antitrust laws 'without fear or favor'
0.551936Frank KnoxOverall role and scale of the federal governmentFair, honest, economical and efficient government; preserve free enterprise against 'amateur economic planners'
0.551932Franklin D. RooseveltOverall role and scale of the federal governmentGovernment as a check on concentrated economic power — "individualism" redefined as equality of opportunity
0.541932Norman ThomasEqual rights and opportunity for Black AmericansEconomic, political and legal equality for the Negro; a federal anti-lynching law; enforce the First Amendment
0.511932Herbert HooverPublic ownership of electric powerFederal regulation of interstate power; opposition to government operation of the power business
0.511936Franklin D. RooseveltCivil service and patronageImmediately extend the merit system to all non-policy-making federal positions
0.501936Alf LandonFlood control and river-basin developmentFederal construction of head-water storage basins to prevent floods, with the consent of the States concerned
0.501936Franklin D. RooseveltAntitrust and concentration of economic powerVigorously enforce the antitrust laws and restore their efficacy against new corporate devices
0.501936William LemkeMinimum wagesA 'living annual wage' -- $1,800 for a family of five -- by federal law and a constitutional amendment if necessary
0.491936Alf LandonRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesKeep federal regulation of securities marketing and interstate utilities, vested in independent tribunals under definite standards subject to court review
0.491936Frank KnoxAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerNew federal activities only when legalized by constitutional amendment -- 'the horse and buggy method'
0.491932Albert C. RitchieNational ProhibitionRepeal of the Eighteenth Amendment as a matter of states' rights
0.491932Franklin D. RooseveltAdherence to the World CourtAdhere to the World Court; arbitration of disputes; consultation to enforce the Kellogg-Briand Pact
0.481932Franklin D. RooseveltNational ProhibitionRepeal the Eighteenth Amendment by state conventions; legalize beer now; states control liquor and bar the saloon
0.481932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of utility rates and holding companiesEight-point federal utility program: publicity, Federal Power Commission control of holding companies, prudent-investment rate base
0.481932Franklin D. RooseveltNational economic planningIndustry leaders to organize cooperatively for the common good; government regulates only as a last resort
0.481932Franklin D. RooseveltFederal responsibility for reliefFederal leadership in distress relief — federal credit to states whose resources are exhausted
0.481932Herbert HooverAdherence to the World CourtJoin the World Court with reservations; make the Kellogg-Briand Pact an instrument for consultation — but no commitments to use force
0.481936Franklin D. RooseveltConcentrated economic power vs. the average citizen (rhetorical framing)Take power from the 'economic royalists': the mandate of 1932 is to end economic tyranny