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1932 › Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) › Overall role and scale of the federal government

"A new deal for the American people" — work and security through liberal, planned government action

pledge_forwardvague_gesturecandidate_directevidence A Economy & Fiscal PolicyExecutive Power⚡ The Great Depression similar solutions · similar reasoning

Solution

Unspecified: a "party of liberal thought, of planned action, of enlightened international outlook, and of the greatest good to the greatest number," pursuing "work and security" for the mass of the people and "more equitable opportunity to share in the distribution of national wealth." Explicitly positioned between "blind reaction" and "irresponsible opportunism."

Rationale

Republican "trickle-down" Toryism helps a favored few; failure to offer a "workable program of reconstruction" risks "unreasoning radicalism"; economic laws "are made by human beings."

The phrase that named the administration. Its content is whatever the specific positions turned out to be; recorded here so the gesture itself and its reception can be tracked.

Statements (8)

1932-01-22 · Letter to F. W. McLean consenting to the North Dakota primary · pre_announcementcandidate_direct ✓ verified
One who believes in new standards of 'Government for meeting new problems, in the translation of forward-looking thought into practical action, must welcome a chance to do his share toward that end.

First public statement of candidacy.

1932-07-02 · Acceptance address, Democratic National Convention, Chicago · conventioncandidate_direct ✓ verified
I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.
1932-07-02 · Acceptance address, Democratic National Convention, Chicago · conventioncandidate_direct ✓ verified
Ours must be a party of liberal thought, of planned action, of enlightened international outlook, and of the greatest good to the greatest number of our citizens.
1932-07-02 · Acceptance address, Democratic National Convention, Chicago · conventioncandidate_direct ✓ verified
What do the people of America want more than anything else? To my mind, they want two things: work, with all the moral and spiritual values that go with it; and with work, a reasonable measure of security--security for themselves and for their wives and children.
1932-10-31 · Campaign address on unemployment, Boston Arena · generalcandidate_direct ✓ verified
Once more he warned the people against changing -- against a new deal -- stating that it would mean changing the fundamental principles of America, what he called the sound principles that have been so long believed in in this country. My friends, my New Deal does not aim to change those principles. It does aim to bring those principles into effect.
1932-11-03 · Republican-for-Roosevelt League, New York · generalcandidate_direct ✓ verified
These are the principles of fair and open dealing with the public, of using the great powers of the Government to serve no mean party advantage, of keeping promises made to agriculture and labor, of friendly relations between the Executive and the Legislature, of economic peace with foreign Nations, of protection for those who must entrust their savings to others, of social justice for all, and relief for those who are in need.
1932-11-05 · Closing address, Madison Square Garden, New York · generalcandidate_direct ✓ verified
We must put behind us the idea that an uncontrolled, unbalanced economy, creating paper profits for a relatively small group, means or ever can mean prosperity.
1932-11-05 · Closing address, Madison Square Garden, New York · generalcandidate_direct ✓ verified
We have not enticed you with offers of magic, or lured you with vain promises. We have given you the hope of a better ordered system of national economy. We have pledged you our word and our will to do.

Follow-through

keptcontested among sources

Whatever its content, the pledge of 'a new deal' was redeemed by the Hundred Days and the Second Hundred Days: dozens of programs aimed at 'work and security.' Historians disagree about its coherence, not its energy.

Mechanisms

DateTypeNameEffectConsistent?Source
1933-06-16statuteThe Hundred Days legislationFifteen major laws March–June 1933.yesStatement on Signing the National Industrial Recovery Act
1935-08-14statuteSocial Security Act'Security' half of the 'work and security' formula.yesStatement on Signing the Social Security Act.

Assessments

kept William E. Leuchtenburg — Franklin D. Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs | Miller Center

He kept his word to attack the Depression energetically.

FDR promised an energetic attack on the Great Depression with his New Deal. He kept his word, urging Congress to pass laws which established dozens of New Deal programs.
partial William E. Leuchtenburg — Franklin D. Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs | Miller Center

The program's principles remained undefinable even to insiders.

Even a member of FDR's administration, the committed New Dealer Alvin Hansen, admitted in 1940 that "I really do not know what the basic principle of the New Deal is."

Reception (9)

historiographydistortedsalience high Walter Lippmann (January 1932), quoted by William E. Leuchtenburg, Miller Center 1932-01-08

Roosevelt was 'a pleasant man who, without any important qualifications for the office, would very much like to be president.'

He is a pleasant man who, without any important qualifications for the office, would very much like to be president.
historiographyaccuratesalience high Wikipedia summary (citing fdr4freedoms, Maney) 1932-05-01

Roosevelt was intentionally vague on economics to hold both Midwestern progressives and Eastern conservatives.

Roosevelt had been intentionally vague about his economic stances, so as to earn the support of midwestern progressivists without further alienating eastern progressivists (who favored a more conservative economic approach).
oppositiondistortedsalience low Louis Waldman nominating Norman Thomas, Milwaukee 1932-05-22

There is no difference between the Republican and Democratic candidates; only the Socialists champion the working class.

There will be no difference between the candidates of the Republican and Demo cratic parties.
historiographyaccuratesalience high William E. Leuchtenburg, Miller Center 1932-10-01

The campaign was deliberately cautious: attacks on Hoover and promises of better days, often without specific programs, so bland that commentators doubted his grasp of the crisis.

Roosevelt was so genial--and his prescriptions for the country so bland--that some commentators questioned his capabilities and his grasp of the serious challenges confronting the United States.
news_coveragedistortedsalience high Washington Evening Star political column 1932-10-07

Republican managers plan to portray Roosevelt as 'a radical wolf in a conservative sheep's clothing' by publicizing his embrace of Senator Norris; the columnist compares it to Hanna's 1896 scare tactics.

Watch out for a concerted Republi can movement during the next two or three weeks to scare the country into believing that Franklin D. Roosevelt is a radical wolf in a conservative sheep's clothing.
editorialdistortedsalience medium Denver Post (pro-Hoover), via Literary Digest 1932-10-29

Roosevelt is incapable of taking a positive stand on any important national issue.

Roosevelt seems utterly incapable of taking a positive stand upon any important national issue.
oppositionaccuratesalience medium Everett Sanders, Republican National Committee chairman, National Radio Forum (Evening Star) 1932-11-09

The Democratic mandate is clear: the party is commissioned to do as it promised, and its promises 'are going to be presented for payment.'

With the Inauguration of the Democratic ad ministration, the promises issued by the party aie going to be presented for pay ment.
editorialdistortedsalience medium New York Evening Post, via Literary Digest 1932-11-19

Roosevelt won not on his merits but was pushed over the line by the mass strength of anti-Hoover sentiment; the paper cannot even congratulate him.

is a good deal like an elusive, slidey, half-back who has made a slick run through a broken field, and then has been pushed. over the line for a touch-down by the mass strength of his
news_coveragedistortedsalience high Literary Digest summary of post-election press 1932-11-19

After the election, Wall Street felt business had little to fear from the political change, and Republican editors found cause for hope in the apparent continuity of policy.

Wall Street there is reported to be a rather general feeling of confidence that busi- ness need have little to fear because of the political change.

Other positions on this issue

1932-fdr-new-deal-pledge · created by claude-fable-5-1 · review: unreviewed