PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

The Townsend $200-a-month pension as a plank of the Union coalition — William Lemke, 1936

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.341936Franklin D. RooseveltRight to organize and bargain collectivelyGuard the worker's right to organize and bargain collectively
0.341932Newton D. BakerLeague of Nations and international organizationsDo not make the League of Nations a party issue; no entry until a majority of Americans approve
0.331932Herbert HooverMaintenance of wage levels in depressionUphold wages and spread work by voluntary agreement of employers and labor; shorter hours in government service
0.291932John Nance GarnerPublic works as employment policyThe Garner-Rainey $1.2 billion public-works bill — and a pledge to reintroduce it
0.291932Alfred E. SmithTariff levelsEndorsement of the Smoot-Hawley tariff
0.281932Herbert HooverTariff levelsPreserve the bipartisan Tariff Commission's flexible power to adjust rates without congressional log-rolling
0.271936Alf LandonRight to organize and bargain collectivelyLabor's right to organize in any union it prefers, free from coercion by employer, fellow employee or anyone else; organizers' lawful activity protected
0.271932Herbert HooverFarm and home mortgage reliefReorganize and enlarge the Federal Land Banks to refinance farm mortgages; curb Joint Stock Land Bank abuses
0.261932Herbert HooverRegulation of banks and securitiesThe RFC and the 'shield of Government credit' saved 5,000 institutions and must continue — but no direct government lending to everyone
0.261932Franklin D. RooseveltPublic works as employment policyPublic works spending is only a stopgap, not a cure for unemployment
0.261932Herbert HooverLevel of federal spendingCut federal spending $1.5 billion below fiscal 1932 and reorganize the executive branch
0.261936Franklin D. RooseveltConcentrated economic power vs. the average citizen (rhetorical framing)Take power from the 'economic royalists': the mandate of 1932 is to end economic tyranny
0.261932John Nance GarnerRegulation of banks and securitiesRFC loans to individuals and corporations generally — 'the Government into personal banking' (the Rainey bill)
0.261932Herbert HooverRegulation of banks and securitiesReform the banking laws; stop credit flowing to speculation; relieve depositors of closed banks
0.261936William LemkeMinimum wagesA 'living annual wage' -- $1,800 for a family of five -- by federal law and a constitutional amendment if necessary
0.251936Alf LandonHow to finance old-age and unemployment insurance (contributory reserve vs. pay-as-you-go)Repeal the compulsory old-age insurance plan; pay every needy citizen over 65 a pension from a direct, widely distributed tax
0.251932Franklin D. RooseveltWorking hours and labor standardsSpread employment by substantially reducing hours of labor, starting in government service
0.251936William LemkePublic control of the central bank and money creation'Drive the money changers out of the temple': public control of money and credit, further inflation of the currency
0.251932Herbert HooverRight to organize and bargain collectivelyCollective bargaining by representatives of the employees' own choice, 'without the interference of any one'
0.251932Herbert HooverAdherence to the World CourtJoin the World Court with reservations; make the Kellogg-Briand Pact an instrument for consultation — but no commitments to use force
0.251932Norman ThomasFederal responsibility for reliefA $5 billion federal appropriation for immediate relief of those in need
0.251932Franklin D. RooseveltOverall role and scale of the federal governmentGovernment as a check on concentrated economic power — "individualism" redefined as equality of opportunity
0.251932Franklin D. RooseveltRegulation of utility rates and holding companiesEight-point federal utility program: publicity, Federal Power Commission control of holding companies, prudent-investment rate base
0.241936Franklin D. RooseveltCivil service and patronageImmediately extend the merit system to all non-policy-making federal positions
0.241936Alf LandonUnemployment insuranceLeave unemployment insurance to State experiment; no federal tax to compel it