PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

Entry into the World Court and cancellation of the war debts (the record that made him 'politically unpopular') — Newton D. Baker, 1932

Similar by solution solution · rationale

ScoreCycleCandidateIssuePosition
0.621932Franklin D. RooseveltEuropean war debts and reparationsNo cancellation of the war debts — make payment possible by restoring trade
0.601932Norman ThomasEuropean war debts and reparationsCancel the war debts (against cancellation of reparations) and raze the tariff wall
0.551936Alf LandonEuropean war debts and reparationsUse every effort to collect the war debts due from foreign countries
0.541932Herbert HooverEuropean war debts and reparationsNo cancellation of war debts; apply any annual payment to opening foreign markets for American farm products
0.521932Alfred E. SmithEuropean war debts and reparationsA twenty-year moratorium on the war debts, writing them off in proportion to each nation's purchases of American goods
0.511936Franklin D. RooseveltNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsKeep the United States out of war: true neutrality, take the profits out of war, no political commitments
0.471932Newton D. BakerLeague of Nations and international organizationsDo not make the League of Nations a party issue; no entry until a majority of Americans approve
0.461936Alf LandonNeutrality, arms embargoes and staying out of foreign warsPromote peace by all honorable means; no League, no World Court, no plan that could involve the U.S. in a war it had no part in beginning
0.451932Franklin D. RooseveltAdherence to the World CourtAdhere to the World Court; arbitration of disputes; consultation to enforce the Kellogg-Briand Pact
0.441932Herbert HooverNational ProhibitionResubmit the Eighteenth Amendment so each state may decide, with constitutional guarantees against the saloon and against interference with dry states; enforce the law meanwhile
0.421936Franklin D. RooseveltBenefits for disabled and service-connected veteransContinue just treatment of war veterans and dependents
0.421936Alf LandonIndependence of the Supreme CourtAn independent Supreme Court secure from executive or legislative invasion; maintain the balance between States and nation
0.401932Herbert HooverIndependence of the Supreme CourtPreserve the independence of the Supreme Court from party control
0.401932Franklin D. RooseveltTariff levelsA "competitive" tariff set through a scientific Tariff Commission, with anti-log-rolling rules and a public counsel
0.401932Herbert HooverRegulation of banks and securitiesReform the banking laws; stop credit flowing to speculation; relieve depositors of closed banks
0.401932Herbert HooverRegulation of securities issuance and exchangesNo federal 'blue sky' law — securities regulation belongs to the states, and the President should not police booms
0.391932Alfred E. SmithOverall role and scale of the federal governmentWar on any candidate who makes 'demagogic appeals to the masses' setting class against class
0.391932Herbert HooverTariff levelsUnconditional most-favored-nation treatment; no reciprocal bargains or preferences
0.391936Franklin D. RooseveltAmending the Constitution to enlarge (or restrain) federal powerMeet constitutional obstacles by 'clarifying amendment' -- and say nothing about the Supreme Court
0.391932Herbert HooverFarm prices and agricultural surplusFarm prices can be restored only by general recovery and markets — no production control, no subsidies; repeal Farm Board stabilization
0.391932Norman ThomasIndependence of the Supreme CourtA Workers' Rights Amendment; curb the Supreme Court's power over Congress; proportional representation; direct election of the President
0.381932Franklin D. RooseveltBenefits for disabled and service-connected veteransFull justice and generosity for veterans disabled by actual wartime service — silence on the bonus
0.371932Albert C. RitchieFederal responsibility for reliefStates' rights and business-led recovery — no federal intervention in relief
0.371932Herbert HooverRestriction of immigrationContinue the executive order practically prohibiting immigration except relatives of residents
0.371932Franklin D. RooseveltPublic works as employment policyPublic works spending is only a stopgap, not a cure for unemployment