Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.
1932 › Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) › Level of federal spending
Cut the cost of the federal government by at least 25 percent
pledge_forwardspecific_pledgecandidate_directevidence A Federal Budget & SpendingEconomy & Fiscal Policy⚡ The Great Depression similar solutions · similar reasoning
Solution
Immediate and drastic reduction of federal expenditure by abolishing useless commissions and offices, consolidating departments and bureaus and eliminating extravagance, to save "not less than twenty-five per cent" of the cost of the federal government; states urged to do proportionately.
Rationale
Government at all levels "costs too much"; the Hoover administration sponsored deficits adding $5 billion to the debt instead of cutting expenses to match falling revenue; Washington should set the example of solvency for states and localities.
Statements (10)
We advocate an immediate and drastic reduction of governmental expenditures by abolishing useless commissions and offices, consolidating departments and bureaus, and eliminating extravagance to accomplish a saving of not less than twenty-five per cent in the cost of the Federal Government.
That admirable document, the platform which you have adopted, is clear. I accept it 100 percent.
Blanket endorsement of every plank.
For three long years I have been going up and down this country preaching that Government--Federal and State and local--costs too much. I shall not stop that preaching. As an immediate program of action we must abolish useless offices. We must eliminate unnecessary functions of Government
Let us have the courage to stop borrowing to meet continuing deficits. Stop the deficits.
I accuse the present Administration of being the greatest spending Administration in peace times in all our history. It is an Administration that has piled bureau on bureau, commission on commission, and has failed to anticipate the dire needs and the reduced earning power of the people.
And on my part I ask you very simply to assign to me the task of reducing the annual operating expenses of your national Government.
I shall approach the problem of carrying out the plain precept of our Party, which is to reduce the cost of current Federal Government operations by 25 percent.
I regard reduction in Federal spending as one of the most important issues of this campaign. In my opinion it is the most direct and effective contribution that Government can make to business.
Before any man enters my Cabinet he must give me a two-fold pledge:
In accordance with this fundamental policy it is equally necessary to eliminate from Federal budget-making during this emergency all new items except such as relate to direct relief of unemployment.
Follow-through
reversedcontested among sources
The Economy Act (March 20, 1933) cut veterans' benefits and federal pay by roughly $500 million — about 25 percent of 'ordinary' operating expenditure, which Roosevelt treated as fulfilling the pledge. Simultaneously the administration created an 'emergency' budget of relief, public works and farm payments; total federal spending rose from $4.6 billion (FY1932) to $6.5 billion (FY1934) and $8.2 billion (FY1936). Measured by total outlays the promise was reversed; measured by the administration's own two-budget bookkeeping it was kept.
Mechanisms
| Date | Type | Name | Effect | Consistent? | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1933-03-10 | message | Message on economies in government | Requested authority to cut veterans' benefits and federal salaries.For three long years the Federal Government has been on the road toward bankruptcy. | yes | Message to Congress on Economies in Government. |
| 1933-03-20 | statute | Economy Act of 1933 | Cuts of about $500 million in veterans' payments and federal salaries (up to 15 percent). | yes | Message to Congress on Economies in Government. |
| 1933-06-16 | statute | NIRA Title II public works ($3.3 billion) | Largest single peacetime appropriation to date; charged to the 'emergency' budget. | no | Message to Congress Recommending Enactment of the National Industrial Recovery Act. |
| 1934-01-03 | budget | Budget message FY1935: 'regular' versus 'emergency' expenditures | Formalized the split that allowed the economy pledge and the relief spending to coexist. | partly | The Annual Budget Message. |
Obstruction
deliberate_abandonmenteconomy The administration chose relief and recovery spending over retrenchment once the Economy Act was passed; Congress also restored part of the veterans' cuts over his veto in March 1934.
Assessments
Deficit spending became the administration's instrument, and the 1937 attempt to reverse it produced a recession.
The "Roosevelt recession" occurred largely because the President, along with some of his advisers (led by Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau) were determined to balance the federal budget and had, as a result, reduced government spending.
Roosevelt's own accounting: the Economy Act was the promised retrenchment of ordinary costs; everything else was emergency relief, which the Pittsburgh speech had exempted.
I give you assurance that if this is done there is reasonable prospect that within a year the income of the Government will be sufficient to cover the expenditures of the Government.
Other positions on this issue
- Cut federal spending $1.5 billion below fiscal 1932 and reorganize the executive branch — Herbert Hoover, 1932 specific_pledge
- Defense of the eight-billion-dollar deficit as an investment in America — Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1936 directional_stance
- Reduce the expenses of government as relief needs decline — Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1936 directional_stance
1932-fdr-cut-federal-spending-25-percent · created by claude-fable-5-1 · review: unreviewed