PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

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1932

Norman Thomas vs Newton D. Baker

IssueNorman ThomasNewton D. Baker
Child labor
Abolition of child labor specific_pledgenot_applicable
Remove children 'of tender age' from mills and factories, particularly in the South, and give them schooling.
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Federal responsibility for relief
A $5 billion federal appropriation for immediate relief of those in need specific_pledgenot_applicable
Federal appropriation of $5,000,000,000 for immediate relief to supplement state and local appropriations.
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Sickness and health insurance
National health insurance directional_stancenot_applicable
Health insurance alongside improved workmen's compensation and accident insurance.
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Independence of the Supreme Court
A Workers' Rights Amendment; curb the Supreme Court's power over Congress; proportional representation; direct election of the President specific_pledgenot_applicable
Constitutional changes: a 'Workers' Rights Amendment' removing legal obstacles to nationalization and social insurance; limit the Supreme Court's power to void congressional legislation; proportional representation; direct popular election of the President.
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Working hours and labor standards
The six-hour day and five-day week without reduction in wages specific_pledgenot_applicable
Legislate a six-hour day and five-day week with no wage reduction, plus a comprehensive system of public employment agencies.
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League of Nations and international organizations
Join the League and World Court; lead general disarmament; free the Philippines; withdraw from Nicaragua, Haiti and China; recognize the Soviet Union specific_pledgenot_applicable
Enter the League of Nations and World Court; take the initiative for disarmament by international agreement and reduce American arms 'progressively and drastically to the point of complete disarmament'; grant immediate and full Philippine independence; withdraw armed forces from all foreign countrie
Do not make the League of Nations a party issue; no entry until a majority of Americans approve specific_pledgenot_applicable
Having long advocated American membership in the League, Baker declared (January 26, 1932) that he would not favor a League plank and would not put the United States in the League until convinced a majority approved.
Farm and home mortgage relief
Government aid to farmers and small home-owners against foreclosure and tax sales; moratorium on interest debated directional_stancenot_applicable
Governmental aid to farmers and small home-owners to protect them against foreclosures and non-payment of taxes (the 11th plank); a proposed moratorium on all interest charges was referred to the executive committee.
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Old-age pensions and social insurance
Old-age pensions for men and women sixty and over specific_pledgenot_applicable
Old-age pensions beginning at sixty; health insurance; improved workmen's compensation and accident insurance.
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National Prohibition
Repeal the Eighteenth Amendment — the candidate preferring a binding national referendum specific_pledgenot_applicable
Platform plank for repeal (carried 81–71, then 84–77); Thomas personally favored a national referendum to which parties would pledge themselves, and would vote for repeal in it; a Hoan–Broun–Ameringer proposal for government ownership of the liquor industry with state local option was also offered.
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Public works as employment policy
A $5 billion federal public-works program — roads, reforestation, slum clearance, workers' housing — and idle factories and land turned over to the unemployed specific_pledgenot_applicable
Federal appropriation of $5,000,000,000 for public work and roads, reforestation, slum clearance and decent homes for workers, with states and cities; legislation turning over idle land, factories and equipment to unemployed workers to produce food, fuel and clothing (Hoopes amendment, carried 78–62
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Equal rights and opportunity for Black Americans
Economic, political and legal equality for the Negro; a federal anti-lynching law; enforce the First Amendment specific_pledgenot_applicable
Full equality for Black Americans and an anti-lynching law; federal legislation to enforce free speech, press and assembly; full civil and political rights for all creeds.
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Public ownership of major industries
Transfer the principal industries — banking, natural resources, utilities — to social ownership by compensation, not confiscation specific_pledgenot_applicable
'Transfer of the principal industries of the country from private ownership and autocratic management to social ownership and democratic control,' industry by industry, with planned and steady production; socialize banking, natural resources, basic industries and public utilities. The convention rej
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Income and inheritance tax progressivity
Steeply increased income and inheritance taxes directional_stancenot_applicable
Raise income and inheritance taxes steeply, both for revenue and to fund unemployment insurance.
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Unemployment insurance
Compulsory unemployment insurance funded by employers and by higher income and inheritance taxes specific_pledgenot_applicable
An effective system of compulsory unemployment insurance with funds partly contributed by employers and partly raised from increased income and inheritance taxes (the convention debated insurance versus compensation and the funding basis).
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European war debts and reparations
Cancel the war debts (against cancellation of reparations) and raze the tariff wall specific_pledgenot_applicable
Cancel all war debts of foreign governments conditional on cancellation of reparations; 'the razing of the dangerous and preposterous tariff wall.'
Entry into the World Court and cancellation of the war debts (the record that made him 'politically unpopular') directional_stancenot_applicable
American adherence to the League Court and cancellation of the European war debts, positions Baker had advocated publicly before 1932.