PresidentialPositionsIssuesReceptionTimelineDocuments

Work in progress — cycles are added one at a time. Every quote is machine-verified against an archived source; follow the links to read it.

Reception (13)

What the press and public understood candidates to stand for — versus what they said.

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Alf Landon 1936 · editorialaccuratesalience mediumev A Evening Star (Washington, independent) 1936-07-25 · re: Promote peace by all honorable means; no League, no World Court, no plan that could involve the U.S. in a war it had no part in beginning

The acceptance speech's foreign-policy passage was brief, nationalist in hue (Borah's influence), and did not differ in any vital respect from the Democrats; both parties meant to 'attend strictly to [their] own knitting.'

It does not differ in any vital respect from the position assumed by the Democrats.
Alf Landon 1936 · news_coverageaccuratesalience mediumev B David Lawrence, Evening Star 1936-07-27 · re: Labor's right to organize in any union it prefers, free from coercion by employer, fellow employee or anyone else; organizers' lawful activity protected

Landon 'must clarify to win labor'; workers were entitled to clear-cut views on bargaining.

Landon Must Clarify to Win Labor Workers Entitled to ClearCut Views on Bargaining
Alf Landon 1936 · news_coveragedistortedsalience mediumev A David Lawrence, Evening Star 1936-07-31 · re: Labor's right to organize in any union it prefers, free from coercion by employer, fellow employee or anyone else; organizers' lawful activity protected

Labor first read 'any other person' as a denial of organizers' rights; Landon's letter to Norman Thomas was received as 'a milestone' affirming lawful organizing.

labor critics were quick to contend that this meant a denial of the right of organizers to go into an unorganized industry and get members. Mr. Lan don, in his letter to Norman Thomas, makes it clear that he did not mean to exclude union organizers.
Alf Landon 1936 · news_coverageaccuratesalience mediumev A Jay G. Hayden, Evening Star 1936-08-25 · re: No loyalty oath for teachers that is not required of all citizens

Read as a deliberate break with Hearst and the Legion -- notice that Landon was not 'under his thumb'.

Whether or not the speech was de liberately so intended, its effect.was to serve notice on Mr. Hearst that Mr. Landon is not "under his thumb"
Alf Landon 1936 · straw_polldistortedsalience highev A Literary Digest poll, first returns (G. Gould Lincoln, Evening Star) 1936-09-04 · re: Restore confidence by 'unshackling initiative': steady, open, non-partisan administration that stops 'fumbling with recovery'

Early Digest returns from four states ran 2 to 1 for Landon and were read as showing he 'has a chance to defeat President Roosevelt.'

the first fragment of the presidential poll taken by the Literary Digest indicates that Landon, the Republican nominee, has a chance to defeat President Roosevelt.

Landon's Des Moines speech accepted 'the principle of national responsibility for agriculture' and offered a program competing with the New Deal's for the farm states -- the Coolidge-Hoover position was gone.

The Cleveland platform and now Gov Landon in his Des Moines speech accept the principle of na tional responsibility for agriculture and offer a program that seeks to compete with the Roosevelt admin istration's program
Alf Landon 1936 · news_coverageaccuratesalience mediumev B Evening Star (Associated Press) on the Iowa corn-growers speech 1936-09-24 · re: Cash benefits on the domestically consumed portion of export crops to make the tariff effective, limited to the family-type farm; no scarcity program, no processing tax

Landon told Iowa farmers the New Deal was 'robbing' them while promising continued checks -- read as pledging both economy and benefits.

New Deal Robbing American Farmer He Tells Iowa Corn Growers
Alf Landon 1936 · editorialaccuratesalience highev A Raymond Clapper column, Washington Daily News (Scripps-Howard) 1936-09-28 · re: Repeal the compulsory old-age insurance plan; pay every needy citizen over 65 a pension from a direct, widely distributed tax

Landon, who had promised to make the Act workable, instead proposed to demolish it and substitute an old-age dole; repealing the unemployment title amounted to abolishing unemployment insurance.

It is all the more disappointing, therefore, that in his Mil waukee speech on social security, Gov. Landon, who promised suggestions to make the Federal act workable, actually pro poses to demolish it and substitute an old age dole for the needy.
Alf Landon 1936 · editorialaccuratesalience highev A Washington Times (Hearst) 1936-09-28 · re: Repeal the compulsory old-age insurance plan; pay every needy citizen over 65 a pension from a direct, widely distributed tax

A pension plan that 'will WORK', financed by an earmarked tax instead of borrowing; the first completely honest statement in the campaign on the subject.

But Governor Landon UNLIKE PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT--insists on a pension and security plan that WILL GIVE RESULTS.
Alf Landon 1936 · editorialaccuratesalience mediumev A Springfield Weekly Republican (independent) 1936-10-08 · re: Leave unemployment insurance to State experiment; no federal tax to compel it

Landon would keep a federal tie to old-age pensions but throw unemployment insurance back to the 48 States, ignoring that States would not act alone.

His pro posal is to throw unemployment back to the 48 states absolutely.
Alf Landon 1936 · editorialaccuratesalience highev A Evening Star, 'Landon's Challenge' 1936-10-14 · re: End federal regimentation: no revival of NRA or AAA controls, no more emergency powers over production, wages and hours

The Detroit speech 'brought the campaign to a focus' on the President's alleged violation of the American system; Landon's questions on NRA and AAA revival and constitutional amendment were the issue.

Gov. Landon's speech at Detroit last night brought the campaign to a focus. It gave specific expression to a question that is unmistakably the issue between the administration seeking a return to power and the party that is seeking to effect a change.
Alf Landon 1936 · straw_pollinvertedsalience highev A Literary Digest final poll (Washington Times report) 1936-10-30 · re: Restore confidence by 'unshackling initiative': steady, open, non-partisan administration that stops 'fumbling with recovery'

The Digest's final count gave Landon 370 electoral votes to 161 and 1,293,669 straws to 972,897 -- 'overwhelming Landon victory'.

Governor Landon elected with 370 electoral votes to Roosevelt's 161. This will be the trend of elec tion headlines if the Nation's voters line up as indicated by the final report of the Literary Digest Poll
Alf Landon 1936 · historiographyaccuratesalience highev C Miller Center, 'FDR: Campaigns and Elections' (Leuchtenburg) 1936-11-03 · re: Balance the budget by cutting expenditures, not by raising taxes

The 1936 result was read by historians as a referendum endorsing the New Deal's activist state over Landon's economy-and-Constitution appeal.

1936 FDR had lost most of the backing he once held in the business community because of his support for the Wagner Act and the Social Security Act.