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1932 › Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) › Regulation of banks and securities
Separate investment banking from commercial banks; tighter national-bank supervision; faster payouts to depositors of closed banks
pledge_forwardspecific_pledgecandidate_directevidence A Banking & FinanceEconomy & Fiscal Policy⚡ Banking panics of 1930–1933 similar solutions · similar reasoning
Solution
Sever affiliated securities companies from, and divorce the investment-banking business from, commercial banks; restrict use of Federal Reserve facilities for speculation; more rigid supervision of national banks to keep depositors' money out of speculation; quicker realization of assets of suspended banks for depositors.
Rationale
Depositors' money was used in speculation "to the detriment of local credits"; suspended-bank depositors wait years for their money.
Statements (6)
The severance of affiliated security companies from, and the divorce of the investment banking business from, commercial banks, and further restriction of federal reserve banks in permitting the use of federal reserve facilities for speculative purposes.
We advocate quicker methods of realizing on assets for the relief of depositors of suspended banks, and a more rigid supervision of national banks for the protection of depositors and the prevention of the use of their moneys in speculation to the detriment of local credits.
That admirable document, the platform which you have adopted, is clear. I accept it 100 percent.
Blanket endorsement of every plank.
Fourth -- The events of the past three years prove that the supervision of national banks for the protection of the public has been ineffective. I propose vastly more rigid supervision.
Sixth -- Investment banking is a legitimate business. Commercial banking is another wholly separate and distinct business. Their consolidation and mingling are contrary to public policy. I propose their separation.
Seventh -- Prior to the panic of 1929 the funds of the Federal Reserve System were used practically without check for many speculative enterprises. I propose the restriction of Federal Reserve Banks in accordance with the original plans and earlier practices of the Federal Reserve System under Woodrow Wilson.
Follow-through
kept
The Banking Act of June 16, 1933 (Glass-Steagall) separated commercial from investment banking, restricted Federal Reserve credit for speculation and created the FDIC (not a campaign promise; Roosevelt initially opposed deposit insurance). A Deposit Liquidation Board (October 1933) sped payouts from closed banks.
Mechanisms
| Date | Type | Name | Effect | Consistent? | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1933-06-16 | statute | Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall) | Separation of securities affiliates; FDIC; Fed restrictions. | yes | Franklin D. Roosevelt: Domestic Affairs | Miller Center |
| 1933-10-15 | executive_order | Deposit Liquidation Board | RFC-financed loans to speed payments to depositors of closed banks. | yes | Statement on the Establishment of the Deposit Liquidation Board. |
Assessments
Glass-Steagall divorced commercial from investment banking.
In June 1933, he signed the Glass-Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, guaranteeing the savings of average citizens, and prevented commercial banks from engaging in investment banking, which they had been carrying on in scandalous fashion.
Other positions on this issue
- Reform the banking laws; stop credit flowing to speculation; relieve depositors of closed banks — Herbert Hoover, 1932 specific_pledge
- The RFC and the 'shield of Government credit' saved 5,000 institutions and must continue — but no direct government lending to everyone — Herbert Hoover, 1932 specific_pledge
- RFC loans to individuals and corporations generally — 'the Government into personal banking' (the Rainey bill) — John Nance Garner, 1932 specific_pledge
1932-fdr-banking-reform-separate-investment-banking · created by claude-fable-5-1 · review: unreviewed