Evening star (Washington, D.C.), October 7, 1932 (page 8)

,ΤΗΕ EVENING STAR With Sunday Mornlnf Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY October 7, 1932 THEODORE W. NOYES... .Editor Hi· Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th 8t. mid Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office Lake Michigan Bulldtnt. European Office 14 Regent St London. England. Rat* by Carrier Within the City. £if Evening Star 45c per month Tew Evening ami Sunday Star 'when 4 Sundays) »0c per mont* The Evening end Sunday Star (when 5 Sundays) 85c per month The Sunday Star Se per copy Collection made at the end of each month Orders may be sent in by mail or telephone NAtional 8000. Rate by Mall--Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday.... 1 yr 10.00; 1 mo iSc Dally only 1 yr., »6 00; 1 mo 50c Bunday only 1 yr., 14.00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other State· and Canada. Dally and Sunday... 1 yr 112 00; 1 mo II 00 pally only 1 yr *8 00; lmo. 75c Sunday only 1 yr., SS.OO; lmo.. Mc Member of the Associated Press. The Aasociated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis patches credited to it or not otherwise cred ited in this paper and also the local newi published herein All rights of publication of special dispatches herein ar· aim reserved. Point and Counter-Point. This has been a campaign of pointed programs. If there is an absence of those sharply defined Issues that in the past have served to draw a broad line between the two major parties and leave nobody in doubt about where the Une runs, there are few candidates and few campaign speakers, indeed, who have not been able to present a pro gram enumerated as to points. At Topeka Gov. Roosevelt offered A six-point farm program, and one of thee· points was subdivided into six more points. At Des Moines the Presi dent countered with a twelve-point farm program. Today the farmer might be pardoned If he leaves the chores un done while he dissects the programs, point by point, laid down for his benefit. Some of, the points, the farmer will Und, may be eliminated by cancel lation--that is. when a Roosevelt point covers the same general ground covercd by a Hoover point, such points can be stricken out and laid aside, more or less M net gain. Regardless of what hap pens in November, the farmer is prac tically assured of them. The candidates are generally agreed on (1) some pro gram to remove unprofitable land, to gether with soil classification and turn ing unprofitable land to better use; (2) reduction of taxes or more equitable ad justment of the tax burden; (3) expan sion of farm credit; c4> easement of the burden of mortgage-encumbered farm ers through liberalization of interest, refinancing, etc.; (5) taking the Farm Board out of the business of buying and selling by repeal of its "stabilization" duties, and (6) improving the farmers' opportunity to dispose of surplus crops by developing foreign markets. These are general principles under lying farm relief championed by both candidates. In the first five of them the method suggested for making them effective differs more or less as to de ta*. In the first, for instance. Gov. Roosevelt would "reorganize" the ad ministrative machinery of the Depart ment of Agriculture, while the President contends that the Department of Agri culture far years has been working on Just such a program, which contem plates "reorganization of agriculture" to divert lands from unprofitable to prof itable use. eue it is wnen me farmer gets to the tariff, end the sixth point of those given above, that he begins to think hard. He finds from the Democrats that all or most of his ills are attributable to the tariff. Prom Gov. Roosevelt he learns that "they,·' the Republicans-- destroyed the foreign markets of our exportable farm surplus, begin ning with the Fordney-McCumber tariff and ending with the Grundy tariff, thus %iolatlng the simple principle of international trade and forcing the in evitable retaliation of foreign countries. And from President Hoover he learns that--■ The very basis of safety to American agriculture is the protective tariff on farm products. The Republican party originated and proposes to maintain the protective tariff on agricultural prod ucts. We will even widen that tariff further, where necessary to protect ag riculture. Ninety per cent of your mar ket is at home, and I propose to reserve this market for the American fanner. From Gov. Roosevelt he learns that the protective tariff, as far as bene fiting the farmer, is a "cynical and pitiless fraud" and a "ghastly fraud." From the President he learns that, if it were not for the tariff, beef, butter, pork, lamb, flaxseed, beans, wool, corn and wheat could be dumped by foreign countries at prices ranging from twenty five to nearly one hundred per cent below those the farmer now receives. "I auppoee these are ghastly jests," replies the President. From Gov. Roosevelt the farmer has received the outline of a program for aiding him by what some students de scribe as the "voluntary domestic allot ment plan," but which other students declare Is Impossible. This plan is de signed to bolster farm prices by sub sidles, raised by special taxation, in return for voluntary control of crop planting, until the Governor's policy oi tariff bargaining would develop for eign markets. The President, knowing from ex perience the hazards cf such schemes as equalization fees and farm deben tures. proposes that the disposal ol domestic surplus be facilitated by R F. C. loans and that world recov ery, which means farm recovery, be hastened by rehabilitating world trade through maintenance of peace, reduc tion of armament, the forthcoming economic conference tin which the fermer will be represented) and bj some plan, the details cf which are not available, for exchanging war debl payments for foreign farm markets. Thoughful farmers, who, in spite ol prevailing prejudice and passion, arc still able and disposed to reason, wii carefully compare, point for point, what has been accomplished in the past ani what that is specific and practical li promised lor the future by the con testants for their political favor. The farmers are interested, not onlj In the distinctive farm programs of the opposing pmrtles, but also In their pro posals to promote the welfare of the American people as a whole, of whonr the farmers constitute a considerable fraction. For that reason the President devoted less space, In his Des Moine: address, to his actual farm pro gram than to the whole record of hi party In dealing with the financia yftoio Mkd business depression. Thii record speaks for Itself. And In the end the Termers' vote will not depend so much upon hte choice between at tractive points In farm programs as upon his acceptance or rejection of the theory that "things could not be worse." If the firmer accepts the President's careful and dispassionate presentation of the evidence that things could, in deed, have been much worse, the logical thought, of course, is that things will be distinctly better--for the farmer and for everybody else--under Republican control of the machinery now working toward recovery. Navy Bargaining. Norman H. Davis, able member of the American delegation to the Geneva Disarmament Conference, Is in London to confer with the British authorities on matters of mutual Anglo-American interest, particularly ill the field of naval armaments. When Geneva re cessed in July the conference had before it as unfinished business the Hoover propoeal for a flat all-around reduction of one-third in armaments of every category. It was agreed that pending the resumption of the Geneva discus sions In 1933 there should be Inter-1 power negotiations designed to pave the way to quicker decisions when the con ference swings back into session. Fundamental differences persist be tween the American and British view points on curtailment of naval arma ments. The Washington Government holds to the Hoover formula of β direct cut in gross tonnage up to thirty-three and a third per cent. The London govewiment proposes a reduc tion in the size and gun-caliber of bat tleships end of cruisers and smaller aircraft carriers. The British thesis was first projected at the abortive "Coolidge cruiser conference" at Geneva in 1927. It was re-advocated at the London Naval Conference in 1930. To it the one-time mistress of the seas resolutely adheres. On its face, the British proposal to whittle down the dimensions of permis sible warcraft would directly attain the primary objective of disarmament, as the United States itself has consistently advocated. But the United States' plea for disarmament, as a means of reliev ing the backs of overburdened taxpay ers, has always been premised on the theory that economy must not be sought at the cost of national safety. In his speech of acceptance on August 11 President Hoover, whose zeal for disarmament no one will challenge, called for such a defensive establish ment as would insure the security of the United States against Invasion by foreign soldiery. United States naval experts point out that thi3 country requires 35,000-ton battleships and 10,000-ton, 8-inch-gun cruisers because of the wide radius of action the larger fuel-carrying fa cilities of such ships permit to a navy possessing no far-flung bases of supply throughout the world. Great Britain can afford to operate with 25,000-ton battleships and 7,500-ton, 6-ineh-gun cruisers of shorter cruising radius, be cause, scattered over widely separated strategic areas, her navy possesses fuel bases, supply depots and repair docks. The American Navy, deprived of these inestimably valuable advantages, would be required to take the sea with "float ing fortresses.". That is why the United States needs bigger ships with higher calibered guns than the British declare they can get along with. These argu ments leave wholly out of account an other important factor in Britain's favor--her possession of a supreme merchant marine which overnight could be turned into a fleet of swift armed auxiliary cruisers. The case is succinctly put Dy ine Chicago Tribune in an editorial en titled "Navy Reduction at Uncle Sam's Expense." The Tribune says: "Great Britain possesses an unmatchable sys tem of bases flanking all the main lines of traffic. Her need is not the larger types capable of the longer sweep, but a preponderance of numbers. But bat tleships and large cruisers offset and endanger this preponderance. The British policy of reduction is to reduce and limit types efficacious in American 1 circumstances, while permitting the maintenance of a maximum in types efficient in British conditions. As this reduction is physically applied to both navies, it has the appearance of equal ity, but the appearance is fraudulent." It is not necessary to go th3 length of adopting the view that the British formula is "fraudulent." It is con ceived rather, it is fairer to believe, in that spirit of e;lf-interest which ever I characterizes British naval policy. Uncle Sam would pay John Bull the best compliment possible by emulating the theory underlying British policy and viewing naval reduction strictly from the standpoint of what Is best for the United States. Cautious methods of expression will enable Editor Alfred E. Smith to con j tribute an interesting article to a later issue entitled "I Told You So," or words to that effect. The New York Mayoralty. Out of a welter of judicial decisions and radio communications between Manhattan and a ship in midocean comes a settlement of th« question of the New York mayoralty, which has vexed the people of that metropolis for some weeks. A new mayor will be j elected in November to fill out the unexpired term of the former mayor, who resigned while on trial before the I Governor of the State for his official life, and the former mayor will not be a candidate. Another Tammany man has been nominated, with unanimity by a convention attended by 32,075 delegates representing all five boroughs He will be elccted without doubt t There will be no conflict bstween the local and the Democratic nationa ι tickets. All is peace in the great teepee at the confluence of the rivers. Some day, perhaps soon, the truth wil be learned regarding the preccnventior dealings between the Tammanv-BroOk lyi) bosses and former Mayor Walker bi radio. It is evident that they tenderec the seafarer the nomination for the un expired term. He refers to such a tendei in his own radio plea to be excusec from making a campaign for vindicatior by ballots in which he would have t< recite the reasons for his resignation "dally reminding the public of the un fair nature of the hearings conductet by the Governor." who is the Demo· I cratic candidate for President. Such ι course, says the former mayor, "woul< II do t*: Democratic ticket no good." Di< 1 not Mr. Curry and Mr. McCooey knov ι i that when they sent a radio tender ο nomination to the homecoming Walker? Did they really hope that he would ac cept, and conduct such a campaign as he describes in his message of declina tion. and that that campaign would do the Democratic ticket "no good"? They are astute politicians. The# either knew that Mr. Walker would not accept, or they accompanied their message of pro posal by a "covering" message of advice that he decline. Unless they really hoped he would take the nomination and run, in his own way, and thereby do the Democratic national ticket "no good." It will be Interesting to have this cross-word puzzle solved as a mat ter of political history. The highest court in the State has decreed, without discussion, that the i election must be held for the unexpired 1 term. Acting Mayor McKee has no chance whatever of being elected as a fusion candidate. The leader of his Bronx district has subscribed to the nomination of Surrogate O'Brien. He will drop back into his role of president of the Board of Aldermen and the busi ness of the big city will be carried on as usual for another year, probably with the McKee economies canceled and everything conducted In accordance with the established Tammany rules of procedure. But there is blood on the face of the j moon, nevertheless. Leader Curry of Tammany has now suffered tw ο defeats, one at Albany, where Lehman was nominated for Governor against his opposition, and another at the hands of the Governor and his victim, the former mayor. In the matter of the tender and the refusal of renomination for the city's highest office. Veracious reports of private conferences on the subject of the Tammany leadership would make mighty Interesting reading. Chance caused the George Washing ton Bicentennial observance to arrive in an el&ction year. Even the Father of His Country cannot overwhelm the personalities of men who are brought forward to direct Its history at a time so critical. The microphone has not yet displaced the printing press for campaign pur poses. Radio will deliver the message far and wide, but it is to newspaper comment that the speaker must turn in order to know how his vast audience received him. Nations that have unrestricted beer do not find it a means of averting financial difficulty. Agriculture still suspects that the bushel basket in the market is more to be considered than the stein on the table. Public attention Is directed to George Washington's advice against foreign tntanglements and. in ac'dition. to Daniel Webster's warning to the people not to take any bad money. In spite of the fine oratory in Chi cago, Des Moines may be pardoned for claiming the honor of being the town in which the real Republican keynote speech was delivered. Handshaking may become something of a bore to a candidate, but not on such an occasion as the recent one when ex-Gov. A1 Smith shook the hand of Gov. Roosevelt. Even the immense figures used to estimate the value of undeveloped re sources are insufficient. The possibili ties of unsuspected wealth to be re vealed by science remain incalculable. The easiest explanation of China's Manchurian experience is that Japan saw an open door and walked in. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Λ Soulfulness. My soul grew sad one gloomy day, And fretted through the night. It clothed Itself In shadows gray, And shunned the golden light. It trod the great eternal strand, Where time's vast billows beat; And saw life's aspirations grand In wreckage at its feet. My soul fared forth on fragile bark. Where mists their pallor fling. And paused a little v.hile to mark The songs that sirens sing. It straggled 'gainst the waves and beat Against the rocks so gray, And longed for nothingness complete; Yet was compelled to stay. My doctor then I went to see And told what I endured. A liver pill he handed me-- And, lo, my soul was cured! Familiar Incident. "I understand the platform on which a candidate was speaking broke down under him." i "Nothing unusual," commented Sen ator Sorghum. "I have very seldom known a candidate who did not fall off his platform at one time or another." An Advertiser. "What's the use of suing that p«or fellow for breach of promise? He hasn't any money." "Well," replied the resolute young woman, "I'll help him along by publish ing his letters. After I have introduced his poetry to the public maybe some body will make a deal to pay- him royalties." Vain Glorification. The Injun is Immortalized On every nickel that we touch. The fame by men so deeply prized For him does not amount to much. An Alibi. "I'm kind o' glad." said Bill the Burg, "that I never learned to read and write." "Why?" "When It comes to a showdown lr this Investigation nobody can accuse me of being a master mind." Confidence. j It is not to the friend we strive to show I Our courage and our strength, but tc the foe, I Or to the stranger, passing on his way Who seeks to overwhelm with prouc dirplay. But, as in childhood, when the day was through. In loving faith we turned to those w< knew Only to those we love may we confess The night's foreboding and the weari ness. 11 "A gcod loser," said Jud Tunkins "very often has the makin's of goot Γ ι winner at some future uns AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELl. The morning glory enthusiast now has his reward. During the time of the iria and the peony and the gladiolus he was inclined to keep in the background. There was nothing much left for him to do. Those fine flowers are gone, however, until next year. In the meantime, the morning glory "fan" has his favorites very much with him. A gardener must have a genuine taste for simplicity to appreciate these old standbys at their real worth. They lack the complexity of the rose, the striking features of the iris, the genuine grandeur of the peony and the sheer lovelinees of the gladiolus. Bt'.t they have simplicity. In this respect, of course, they are not unique. The petunia Is a simple flower. So is any one of the various types of daisies, including some of the single chrysanthemums. None of them, however, is simple in exactly the same way the morning glory is .simple. It has an utter lack of pretentiousness which is as refreshing in the flower world es the same sort of thing is among human beings. Among human beings this same lack often accompanies the moet genuine abilities. It is so with flowers. The morning glory, especially in the so-called common types, is a flower to grow where it may be seen every day, not necessarily to be hid in a corner, merely as a cover for some old fence poet. Early October days have brought these light blue and pink simplicities into their own. It seems to an on looker as if they have grown larger and larger day by day. something in the hopeful manner of their colora tions. which have become pinker and bluer as the days have overtaken each other. The result has been "bleger and bet ter" morning glories on the fence. Students of the simplicities will also rejoice over the longer period during which the blossoms remain open. This always has been accounted a failure among those am3teur gardeners whe want plenty of flowers all the time. Such people prefer a row of sweet peas, which, by constant renewal, seems tc be in bloom constantly. They like flowers that renew themselves all the time. Morning glories, which open only In the morning, and night-blooming lilies to these flower lovers are far from per fect, owing to their stubbornness in remaining open at certain times of the day. There are other flower enthusiasts, however, who feel that this very trait adds something to their friends anchored in the earth. Such gardeners would not have all flowers bloom eter nally. It is well for the gardener, as for the garden, that all flowers do not bloom all the time. This is one of the Rood negatives of life and living. Noth ing is more distasteful than to listen to one of these optimists who swears that th°re can be ro possible good in a nega tion. that all must be affirmative. That is high pressure *ales talk which has lost its point. There can be great good in negations. Often a good "no" is the best talk one will hear all day long. In the garden many a flower utters this plain nega tion by refusing to meet the will of the gteedy gudener, who will demand that they stay in flower all the time. Morning glory vines ordinarily utter their negative by keeping their blos soms open only in the morning hours. Earlier in the season, during the last part of August and until about Septem ber 15, they closed as early as 10 o'clock, but since the cold weather of recent weeks struck them they have taken to remaining open until late in the afternoon. This feature, which shows that the flowers are not at all stubborn in their inner inclination to b? negative, rather than sfflrmative. is added to their tendency to throw larger flowers at this time. This is in opposition to the trait of the Japanese varieties to grow smaller and smaller flcwers as Autumn comes cn. Neither type will last longer than the first real frost. At that time, how ever. almost all the annuals will dis appear, with the exception of some of the petunias, notably the whit· va rieties. I Just what there Is about the white climbing petunia to give It this ex treme hardiness we do not know. Some plants will climb to as high as β or 10 feet, remaining fresh and flreen, with fine flowers, until long after the early visits of Jack Frost. Petunias In the ordinary bedding va rieties still share the borders with zinnias, standing stanchly in their stiff rows. A curious feature of this latter plant is that shade tends to make it grow tall. Many plants under trees run up to 6 feet in height, with a flower at the very top. Staking Is essential for such tall growers. Peony foliage Is still good. A great ι many amateur gardener* want to know when Is the best time to plant the roots. Fall planting is so universally recommended that there can b·; little doubt about It being the best time. Peonies can be planted In the Spring, of course, but there is no chance In the world that thty will bloom the same year, whereas roots planted at this time may yield a few flowers the next Spring. It should be understood that the peony Is a very slow grower, as judged by the standards of the Im patient amateur admirer. The latter wants great, glorious heads of flowers in no time at all, but he will not get them. Not with peonies! They take their time, no plant more so. It is impossible to hurry them. What many amateurs do not realize is that et least three full years must go by, after plant ing, before the bushes approximate what he expects of them. Scarlet sage is at its height of color at this time. Certainly there is noth ing in the Autumn garden more color ful, if sheer color is what one wants. Great masses of it are quite overpower ing. Yet to the eye which delights in a good red--and many a garden eye does, of course--there is nothing bet- j ter than good old salvia. And nothing redder! For sheer landscape effcct large plots of it make a sight to be remembered, whether cne likes it or not. There is a blue form of salvia which is not often seen, but which ought to furnish a pleasant variation. To many an eye there is something extremely pleasing about blue flowers. Those who paint pictures with flowers, In much the same way that others do with water colors or oils on canvas, profess to find in blue petals the great binding colora tion of the garden. Blue ties them all together, makes the inharmonious, or what would be Inharmonious were it not for blue, blend peacefully with the general landscape. Perhaps most home gardeners do not pay much attention to these theoretical niceties, but they may rest assured that when they see them in operation before their eyes the chances are 10 to 1 that they will like the effect wrought. It is not at all necessary to be a professional in order to admire the work of a professional. Any one who has ever visited one of the great "show gardens" of the country knows exactly what we mean. The ef fect achieved by knowledge (plus plenty of money) Is one not to be secured any other way, at least in gardening. Nasturtiums, after sulking in many gardens all Summer, have taken a new 1 lease on life, as if they had determined to show the gardener what they could do. These are among the most com mon of flowers, but their rool leaves have an appeal for many. Few people j me these leaves any more in salads or as garnishes; their best place is at the idge of a garden bord r. where they now flourish lustily, and will do so until after frost. Cooler weather, and time, these two 1 great factors, will bring the chrysan i emums into bloom, according to their appointed seasons. Some are early, ι some "middle." some late. In this vicinity some varieties, in case of ex tremely co!d weather at the wrong time, will be nippfd in the bud. Others will bloom in all their glory. Their spicy fragrance may yet have a chance to blend with the last of the roses. For one must never forgt the "queen of flowers Some varieties still present their blooms to a world which never grows tired of then;. This is one of the very f.n:st points about gardening, that there is always something to ad mire. at every season of the year. No matter what is gone, there is always something left. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS RY FREDERIC. UIU.I4M Π I.E. President Hoover is eminently well pleased with the immediate results of his "fighting speech" at Des Moines. He is conscious that it takes more than one campaign swallow to make an election Summer, but he believes that his Invasion of so-called enemy coun try demonstrated that his stock in the Middle West, to say the least, is vastly higher than the Democrats depict it. That is this observer's unqualified i judgment, as an eye-witness, too. Bar ring the very feeble show put on by the Farmers' Holiday Association at Des Moines several hours before the President arrived, Mr. Aoover nowhere encountered the remotest semblance of hostility or disfavor. If there is a "re volt" against him in Ohio, Indiana. Illinois and Iowa--the pivotal territory he crossed this week--it was not man ifest visibly at any point or in any way.

All this is not to say that the Middle West is an enthusiastic unit for Hoover. In Iowa itself, where he received a wel come of which any man might be proud, there is recent statistical evi dence that his political fortunes are in none too good shape. Within 48 hours of the President's arrival in that city the Register-Tribune of Des Moines, rock-ribbed Republican, published the result of its State-wide straw vote. It was 3 to 2 in favor of Roosevelt, count ing some 45.COO for the Democratic candidate and about 30,000 for Hoover. At this rate, the Democrats will carry Iowa next month by something better than 100,000 majority. If they do. it'll be the first time since the foundation I of the Republican party, except during the 1912 split, that the Hawkeye State has ever been lost by the G. O. P. In a I presidential election. There's about only one thing--Iowa Democrats say--that I can or will pervent their victory, and that is a heavy increase In the price of corn, a prospect of little likelihood.

One of the amazng aspects of the campaign as it enters upon the home stretch is the almost total eclipse of prohibition as an issue. Newspaper men who swung around the circle with Gov. Roosevelt say they hardly heard it mentioned anywhere. The country seems to have got it into its head that Uncle Sam's descent from the water wagon is only a matter of time and method, no matter which party wins the presidency or the next Congress. There are die-hard prohibitionists who will tell you that "millions" of their ilk are going to boycott Mr. Hoover-- not by voting for Gov. Roosevelt, but j by withholding what would otherwise have been .substantial support from the j Republican national ticket. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody and her woman drys. in particular, are said to be in a state of high dudgeon over Mr. Hoo\er's "desertion" of their cause. As these Sahara sisters claim to have been the element that largely rolled up the Presi dent's big vote In 1928. their abstention from his camp this year may prove to be a factor.

While the presidential train was stopping in the little college town of Wooster, Ohio, homeward-bound, last Wednesday, the White House party learned of a unique ceremony to take place at the nearby Western College foi I Women at Oxford, Ohio, on October 11, I The college will confer the degree ol doctor of laws upon Mrε. Ellas Comp ton, class of '86, "for achieving highest 1 distinction and success m a wile and mother." For 46 years she has been the helpmate of Dean Com ρ ton cl Wooster College and she is the mother of four children, all of whcm have won eminence in the cultural world. Her sons are President Kar! Taylor Comp ton of Massachusetts Institute of Tech nology Dr. Wilson Martindale Comp ton of Washington, economist and pres ident of American Forest Products In dustries. and Prof. ArtTiur Holly Comp ton, Nobel prize winner and pursuer of the cosmic ray. Mrs. Compton's daugh ter. Mary Compton K:ee. is the wife cf the president of Ewing College. Al lahabad, India. The occasion for the conferring of the degree upon this out standing specimen of Am?rican wom anhood is annual "college day" at Ox ford, when Mrs. Compron is to be guest of honor.

This Is a tale of a statesman who was sorry that he spoke. He is tempo îar' y domiciled in Washington, and was recently asked to deliver an ad dress in a lecture series at Chicago next Winter. Having observed that Clarence Darrow was on the season's program, the statesman wrote: "I think I ought to be paid as much as Darrow is gstting." Next day he re ceived a telegram from Chicago reading: "That's all right with us. Darrow is speaking for nothing."

Representative Ruth Bryan Owen's Democratic radio talks are making a hit in the Midwest. Folks liked her re cent wisecrack about a woman who wrote to Washington that she heard Hoover was getting rid of "Government bureaus" and said she'd like one for her bed room. Ruth tells the story, and then gibes: "Now, if that good woman had applied earlier, she might even have obtained an oil-stained cabinet."

There's no happier man anywhere In Washington this week than Gardner Ccwles. Des Moines newspaper magnate and now a director of the Reconstruc tlon Finance Corporation. It's ·»η open I secret that it was largely at his insti nation that President Hoover chose the Iowa metropolis as the scene of his opening battle for re-election. It is alr.o 1 well understood that It was Mr. Cov.ies' personal organization at Des Moines-- i notably his able son, Gardner, jr.-- I which is entitled to principal credit for the gratifying day and night Mr. Hoo ver experienced there. Always there 1 was the possibility of unpleasant inci dent*, and Mr. Cowles, who was in his home city and returned to Washington ι on the Hoover train, breathed a com prehensible sigh of relief when all was triumphantly over.

Watch out for a concerted Republi can movement during the next two or three weeks to scare the country into believing that Franklin D. Roosevelt is a radical wolf in a conservative sheep's clothing. The plan Is to call loud at tention to the love feast between Roose velt and Senator Norris In Nebraska a fortnight ago. on which occasion the Democratic nominee--as the G. Ο. Ρ managers will àvdw--swallowed Norris and his isms hook, line and sinker, by that token radicalizing himself 100 pei i cent. .This, of course in different terms is the strategy Mark Hanna used it 189G to frighten the country Into th« i election of William McKinley. It re j mains to be seen whether the medicint ι will be as effective this time as il was 36 years ago. and especially whethei ι it'· being prescribed In time, (Uoprrliht, 1932.) Muet Be a Loser For Every Winner Γο th· Editor of The Stir. It Is all right to assume, lor the mo nent at leest, that a speaker rr writer s honest and sincere, but it Is folly to luume that he is right because the iisposition of people to accept, ready- 1 nade opinion, usually supplied by men 1 *ho are overrecommended, is the [rcatest weakness in our form of gov- 1 •rnment. The best brains at one's die- x>sal are those within his own skull ind it is because, as a people, we do not use them that America finds her- iclf in such a sorry plight, although 1 ve can have about anything we want f enough of us use our political influ ence studiously. One of our early President» wrote: Ί want a keen, observing eye, Kn ever-listening ear, rho truth, through all disguise to spy \nd Wisdom's voice to hear." Now that propaganda has reached luch psychological perfection, there is far more need of such equipment. In your editorial column Sunday you ïald: "It is axiomatic that whenever here Is a winner there must be a leser." This Is conspicuously "self- •vident" as applied to an ordinary bet, af which it has been said that the man who bets when he knows it Is con temptible and the one who bets when he doesn't Is a fool--but, like mœt epi grams, this isn't always true. As we approach the more complicate arrange ments that involve winning we must keep the word "whenever," as used in the axiom, persistently in mind. In a stock exchange .«peculation the appll cation of the axiom is not quite as ob vious, but it is equally true, and the loser in a bet or speculation is entitled to scant sympathy because he volun tarily matched his cupidity again ?t an other's avarice. It is not axiomatic, but It is an ad mitted economic fact, that there are but three ways of acquiring wealth. One must either earn it, win it, or steal it and there is one speculative field wherein the loser is defeated by a thief, perhaps, rather than by a win ner, because there is no possibility of his being the winner. The transaction is so thoroughly established, accepted and made lawfully legal that it has the appearance of being right. If one buys land for very little, as a speculation, and a city grows up around it. he may sell it and put, perhaps, a million dol lars into his pocket precisely as he would if he had won a bet of that mag nitude. and "it is axiomatic that whenever there is a winner there must be a loser." If we could indicate and specify in dividual losers and the awful predica ment into which they may be plunged by the loss while they had nothing whatever to do with the speculation, our sense of justice and fair play would stimulate legislation designed to mitigate the wrong--legislation is never designed to "cure" a condition, because that would be radical legislation, and propaganda has taught us to be very fearful of anything radical. As a mat- ter of fact, this particular loss is in flicted upon society as a whole and ab sorbs a considerable portion of all the earned wealth. Those who have abun dance may not be aware of the abstrac tion. those who have sufficient barely notice it, but thoee who have less than sufficient are reduced to dire poverty by the abstraction of. perhaps. 25 per cent of their earnings It was very likely this particular transaction that prompted the Conspicuous Radical to say: "He that hath not. from him shall be taken even that which he hath. J. B. CHAMBERLAIN. I Adoptive Mother of the Late Frank La Flesche To the Editor of The Star. A friend has sent me th? article from The Evenine Sta>· headed "La Fierche Buried With D'pth Feast." j and it seems to me desirable to sug gest that this article definite as to his personal service to his own people-- should have contained also some record of tils indebtedness to his adoptive mother. Alice Cunningham Fletcher. She was sent from Boston to study the Omaha tribe, and employed as her secretary^ Francis La Flesche. then a boy of la. son of the chief of the tribe and a French mother, from whom ι Indian inheritance being through the mother) came his French name. This was the b°ginnlng of many years of work in which the two were co-laborers, and during which Miss Fletcher legally adopted Francis La Flesche as her sen. as before stated. Those who had the good fortune to .know them in the pleasant home south of the Capitol would bear testimony to the wide indebtedness in the work of Francis La Flesche to his adopted mcther, Alice Fletcher. HELEN Ρ KANE Pennsauken. N. J. None hut the Brave. From the New York Herald Tribune. "There is hardly a more ambiguous word than 'modern.' the writer of an article "On Being Modern" in the New English Weekly, said recently. "As it has never been properly defined, it is vague enough to be applied to any thing." It does heavy duty in place of the word "fashionablehe points out: and how easy it is to prove the point by recollecting much that has been called modern with great unction in the last 10 or 35 years, the highly perishable goods, now neither modern, ancient nor medieval, which have become merely stale in such a short while! Where, for instance, is the "modern istic art" that was launched at the Paris Exposition des Arts Décoratifs in 1P25 and feverishly overadvertised for several years thereafter? What of the modern dance, as we called it with shining eves seven years ago? Picture its contortions on a dance floor today, if need be, to date it in that most dis tant past of recently outworn fash Ions. Modern music and modern art may have given lis some masters, for all we know: but in so far as they were bruited as modern and popularly ac cepted as such they are buried in the discard of pc*>t-war fads, awaiting resurrection In the test of time. The very word "modern." one of the brightest and dearest in our vocabulary only the other day, with her short skirt 1 and studied impudence, is now decided j ly down at heel. Do we speak of our selves complacently any longer as "we moderns"? No: and this brave age, we have dis covered. as raw recruits going into ac tion for the first time often do, is not quite the easy opportunity for a display of nonchalance that we todk it for in I 1922. We have "fallen for" the fact, j we moderns, that, after all, we are only the most recent arrivals in history: that our new age calls for a stout heart. We shall boast of being modem again when we have more to boast about. Sewing and Voting. Prom the Boston Transcript. Mrs. Hoover, we are told, can sew a fine ream, but there would be greater interest in her accomplishmnt if she could sew up an election. Experts. From the Omaha World-Herald. Gandhi's undertaking attracted the attention of a lot of Americans who might have told him how it feels after the flrst couple of years of fasting. No Mystery. From the Philadelphia Bulletin. By use of the X-ray. says a professor, it is possible to ascertain the size and position of the core of a golf ball. You can do the same thing after some play ers have taken one swing at It. Foreshortening History. From the Detroit News. Time passed muffh more slowly foi those alive in medieval times, thinks ι historian. We dare say that what i! ι called the Hundred Years' W»r wai really no longer than the late depres sion. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKltf. Of the vast number of questions an- ι wered by this department, only a few an be published In this column. The >nes that are printed must be of gen ral interest and not personal In their îature. Do not, therefore, merely sign our initials to your letter and ask that he answer be published. Give your ull name and address so that you may •«elve a personal letter In reply. In :lose 3 cents for return postage. Direct rour letter to The Evening Star In ormation Bureau. Frederic J. Haskln, director, Washington, D. C. Q Have a« many people attended a -ugby game in Great Britain as the •rowd that saw the Armv-Notre Dame 'oot ball game in this country in 1929? -A. M. A. The record attendance in Great Britain was 127.307 at the Association International between Scotland and England in 1912. The stadium In Chi- I :ago held 125.000 on the occasion of the Army-Notre· Dame game, while about 25.000 stood outside listening to the Tame reported by megaphone# over the «•alls. Q. What Is Mahatma Gandhi's aim? --T. H. A. Mahatma Gandhi wae born near Bombay, India, and educated in Eng land at Oxford University. He, lived many years in South Africa and, return ing to India, organized opposition to the British government on a non-violent, and non-co-operative basis. His theory Is that foreign government of all na tions should be removed from India and that country be left to work out Its own development. Q. What proportion of the buying power of the United States is in the hands of people earning |2,000 or less year?--P. A. A. The National Industrial Confer- Mice Board says that it has been esti- mated that about one-half of the an nual expenditure» of all the people of the United States comes from salaried employés and wag· earners whose aver age annual earnings are $2,000 or less. Q Where iu the Theater Guild School?--G. N. A. This school was discontinued Ave years ago. Q. What was La Follette's platform when he ran for the presidency?--M. C. A. He ran for President as the nomi nee of the Progressive party. His plat form, in brief, was as follows: Public ownership of water power and railways; strict public control of national re .ources; the recognition of agriculture as a baric industry of the country: the abrogation of the power of the Supreme Court to nullify legislation. Q Is the Pantheon de la Guerre a painting of war icenes and battles?-- H. F. A. It Is not a painting of war. but of groups of people who were promi- j nent during the World War period. Q. What is the national flower of Ger many?--J. H. A. The kaiserblume. which was the i favorite flower of the Emperor Wilhelm I, is considered the German national j flower. This is the blue flower which grows wild in cornfields and is called cornflower, bluebottle, bluebonnet and bachelor's button in this country. It is J iometimes cultivated. Its scientific name is Centsurea cyanus. Q When was registry of mail and I money order service inaugurated? Β W. A Registry facilities were provided in 1855: money order service in 1864: city delivery in 1863: special delivery in j 1885: rural delivery in 1896: parcel post in 1913. The railway pest office was established in 1862; postal savings in 1911, and air mail in 1918. Q. Are there any fish except guppy fish which are born alive instead of being hatched from egg.s?--J. T. A. Others are the Embiotocidae or ;urf fishes of the Pacific Coast of North America: many of the Cyprinodontidae >r top minnow*, which are common In no«t fresh water stream» In thin coun try; many sharks and rays found mo«t y In tropical waters, and many of the small toy aquarium fish, such as tha ruppy-fiah. Q. Ia Cat Island inhabited?--R A J A. Cat Island is one of the Bahama Islands. It ia about 36 miles long from north to south and 3 to 7 miles wide. It is inhabited, the latest population figure being 3,000. Q How many salespeople were ther# in this country when the last eensua was taken?--Μ. Ε A. There were 2.069 003. The num *r was divided as follows Auctioneers, *281; canvassers, 63.768: demonstra tors, 7.533: sales agents. 5.088; galea· men and saleswomen, 1.988.332. Q. What is the derivation of the word "kerosene"?--Ν W A. It is derived from the Greek word "keroe." meaning wax Kerosene was formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax. bituminous shale and similar substances, and was also called coal oil. Q. How many pounds of meat does It take to make a pound of beef extract or bouillon cubes?--R. P. S. A. The Institute of American Meat Packers aavs that meat is not concen trated into bouillon cube.*. Only a small part of the meat is soluble by the meth ods used In manufacturing beef extracts and bouillon cube». The dilute extracts are evaporated and are finally sold in the paste or cube form. When made into cubes, there may be from 50 to 75 per cent salt in the cube. This is nec essary since the extract itself is pasty and cannot be made dry. Lleblg, who originated the extract, said that it took 3* pounds of meat to give 1 pound of extract. If all of the material in meat which is soluble in hot water were ex tracted and made into meat extract, it would take nearly 30 pounds of meat to give 1 pound of extract. Q. How do Eskimos protect their eyes from the glare of the sun on the ice and snow?--B. A. G. A. All northern peoples wear visor· of some kind. The Eskimos perfected a device which not only shaded the eyes, but through which the eyes look out of narrow slits or small elliptical holes. Q What was paid for the Waldorf Astoria when it was purchased as a site for the Empire State Building?--S. L. A. No one concerned in the nego tiations for the sale of the Waldorf Astoria would make known the purchase price. Estimates, however, place the figure at *20,000.000. The 1928 as sessed value of the property was 115, 215,000. Q. Who wrote "The Song of th« Shirt"?--L. K. A. This was written by Thomas Hood, who also wrote "The Bridge of Sighs" and "The Song of the Laborer.'' all picturing in moving verse the appalling condition of the industrial worker of his day. Q How long did Thomas Parr, the British centenarian, live?--T. H. A. He was born in 1483 and died in 1635 at the advanced age of ">2. He was referred to as the Olde Old·; Very Olde Man. During the last year of his life the Earl of Arundel rent him to the English court. The chanc* from the country to the city is said to have caused his death. Q Did the ferryboat which blew up in East River ever carry tourists on tripe around the Island?--J. N. F A. The ferry Observation, which ex ploded in East River, September 9. 1932. was formerly in the sightseeing service, carrying tourists around Man hattan Island. At the time rf its destruction, however, it w eir.p'ovcd as a ferry to carry ironworkers f-cm the Bronx to their work at the new Rikers Island Penitentiary, in East River. Snowden Held Storm Center In British Tariff Controversy y Americans find unusual Interest In j the pofition taken by Viscount Snow- j den. one of three Liberal or Labor members of the coalition cabinet of Great Eritain who registered their op position to a protective tariff by resign ing. It is felt in this country that the recent agreements with the Dominion., framed at Ottawa, have been seriously attacked in the current development, with Snowden as the storm center. The future course of Premier MacDonald is debated. Considering the future position of Snowden in the bitter controversy that ί is forecast, the Springfield (Mass.) Re publican remarks that "he will not lack opportunities for the vitriolic criticism which has for so long been pent up." The Cleveland News calls MacDonald "a man without a party." pointing out that, "his Laborite friends having for the most part deserted him, he holds ι office as the head of a non-p3rtisan j government." That paper, however, finds that "British opinion seems pretty well convinced that the genial Scotsman will succeed in his objective," and sug gests that "it may be surprising that the Ottawa conference has occasioned no more political chafing than it has long before this."

"Snowden's views." according to the San Antonio Exprecs, "are shared by Sir Herbert Samuel, home secretary since August. 1931, and Sir Archibald Sinclair, secretary for Scotland. Sir Herbert--formerly high commissioner in Palestine--is a veteran Liberal. Like Sir Archibald, he considers that the Ottawa trade agreements lessen Parlia ment's freedom of action in reducing the duties levied at British ports. Sir Herbert holds that those treaties would form barriers to removing the present restrictions on world commerce and would prove burdensome to the British j people, if approved. Premier Mac Donald apparently is determined to proceed with the new tariff program. regardless of his colleagues' resigna tions." "At no time." records the Louisville Courier-Jcurnal. "has Snowden sacri ficed his principles. When the govern ment first embarked upon its tariff policy he protested in no uncertain terms. When it attempted to tie itself up with the Ottawa agreements he declared that'the dominions «re to dic tate to us where we are to sell.' and extend the havoc of tariffs and re prisals. It is the Labor party that loses when it loses Snowden. It is with out leaders and none of its former leaders were quite up to the stature of the little Lancashire cripple. And Snowden has a place for himself. As Viscount of Ockornshaw he can lecture the House of Lords on free trade and fiscal reform and even Socialism and constitute a minority of one, but a minority that commands attention and respect." "Additional proof that there Is a world-wide fundamental difference of opinion on the tariff question," is de clared by the Schenectady Gazette to have been given in this controversy, and that paper concludes that "the two schools of thought, extreme pro tectionist and low duty or free trade, represent basically antagonistic ideas." The Gazette holds that the two schools "are so antagonistic that compromise is impossible, except occasionally for a time," and that "neither side, regard less of how long It may be kept out of power, will completely yield to the other, thus assuring practically con tinuous strife until some at present unknown solution of the problem is de vised." That the "question is far from settled" i* the opinion of the Port Huron Times Herald, though It con cedes that "the non-partisan Govern ment appears to bave weathered au I other etoan.·· "The break-up of the British cabi net over tariff policies was perhaps in evitable." thinks the Rutland Daily Her ald, with a tribute to the "abilities and fighting characteristics" of the seced ing members and the statement that "thus passes, in effect, the Labor min istry of Greai Britain, for MacDonald has been repudiated by the labor unions and holds on by virtue of his ability and the failure of his opponents to form an effective coalition against him." Trat paper is convinced that the premier "ccmes nearer to being a national leader today than ever before, despite the exo dus of his political family." "That it did not happen long ago Is the surprising thing about the break in the Nationalist cabinet." says the Newark Evening News, with the con clusion thst "insistence of the retiring Liberals upon freedom to act for the removal of restrictions upon world trr.de is the best part of the news." The Indianapolis News records suspicions in some quarters that "MacDonald's senti ments arc much like those of Snowden and that he has been by no means comfortable in his political fellowships of the past few months." The Birming ham Age-Herald remarks that "the prime minister may find himself weary of the whole business before loni»." The Charleston <W. Va) Daily Mail calls the action of the cabnet members "the initial step in the direction of an at tempt by the discredited and almost wrecked Liberal party to come back on the free trade question." The Kansas City Star finds the premier "left more than ever isolated in the midst of a Conservative government." Now for Assimilation. From th· Louisville Courier-Journal. The enormous annual influx of Euro peans during a period of 20 years, fol lowed by the erection of immigration barriers and more recent unemployment, which set the ebb tide running, drew attention to the combined effect cf for eign infiltration and a falling birth rate, I especially since the most of the new im migrants were of a different strain from I the original stock which settled America, j Analysis of the 1930 census provides gross numbers and percentages for so ciological calculations. As was to be ex i pected, the result of this plan already is apparent. The foreign-bom popula tion is at a standstill, only eight-tenths j of 1 per cent larger than in 1920. It j would have declined but for 200,000 ac cessions from Canada and Mexico. There are fewer Europeans in the coun try than there were 10 years ago. There are a few more Asiatics, but their total I is negligible. Eighty-eight per cent of the popula tion are native and 87.7 per cent of the j whites are native. 73.4 being of native parentage. The native residents num i ber 108 570.897, of whom 94,778,374 are i white. 11,792,523 Negroes and 2,000.000 Mexicans. Japanese. Chinese and Fill pines. The foreign-born number 13 366,<17, Including 11,748.399 Europeans. Hie ioreign-born Japanese, Chinese and Mexicans have dropped to approximate ly 50 per cent of those races from a large majority in 1920. and they are the elderly in the case ol the Asiatics. These minority races consist of 1.422. 834 Mexicans. 332.397 Indians, 74,954 Chinese. 138,834 Japanese and 45,208 Filipinos. They do not bulk large enough In the total to constitute a social problem, but, in respect to the white elements the Îiroceas of assimilation, at work for the ast 10 years, will progress henceforth with increasing rapidity. No less than ι a third of our foreign-born citizens have resided here 30 years, md 80 per cent of them entered the country prior to 1920. ι Most of them would feel like aliens in 1 the home land now.