Literary Digest 1932-11-26: Vol 114 Iss 22

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ol. 114, No. 22 Thole No. 2223

"A LITTLE ARISTOCRAT''--By Dorothy Drew

ABOUT this time last fall, The Literary Digest tackled the selling problem for 1932 and laid sound

and far-reaching plans to increase

the energy of its advertising pages.

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TH E

jee / THE 1932 PROBLEM

TO MAKE THIS A YEAR OF RESULTS TO ADVERTISERS...

Solved |

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DIGEST

O. PSISN SI LORN

The Literary Digest

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 26,

1932

TOPICS OF THE DAY War-Debt Fat in the Fire Again

N THE DARKEST DAYS OF THE CIVIL WAR, Presi- dent Abraham Lincoln envisaged defeat for reelection. He pledged himself so to cooperate with his successor as to save the Union before the end of his term.

In the dark days of nation-wide, world-wide depression, President Herbert Hoover calls to his side for counsel the man who had beaten him in the election of the week before. The occasion was the appeal of our European debtors for suspension of payments due December 15, a move almost unanimously opposed by members of Congress.

President Hoover's gesture of cooperation is hailed everywhere as wise, politic, patriotic, statesman- like. President-elect Roosevelt's gracious acceptance similarly wins the plaudits of the press.

The act of cooperation is spoken of as a notable political precedent. It is the kind of thing which has been contemplated on several occa- sions, but never carried out to the extent of an actual meeting of out- : going and incoming executives. ES

But certain thoughtful writers = point out that perhaps it won't be a precedent at all. They remind us that the new Norris anti-lame-duck amendment to the Constitution is likely to be in effect before another Presidential election comes along, and that the consequent halving of the time between election and inauguration will greatly reduce the necessity of bridging over the waiting period by some kind of emergency cooperation.

President Hoover announced a desire to be helpful in his con-

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eratulatory message to his successful opponent directly after

the election. He soon had his chance.

Sees 15 was the date on which our European debtors should have given notice that they could not meet the payments due on December 15. But instead, it seems that the news had somehow leaked out that we were having a Presidential election this fall, and the wise statesmen in London and Paris, having had experiences with elections in their own countries, could understand very well that to spring the war-debt controversy right in the middle of our campaign might have very unpleasant consequences all around. So they waited till after election. But they did not wait very long. The payments are due on December 15, and Congress meets on December 7. Congres- sional action is necessary for complete postponement. Hence the notes from England, from France, from lesser debtors,

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informing the President that unfortunate circumstances have played havoe with that ''capacity to pay'' which is the basis of American debt policy, and wouldn't it be a good idea to postpone these December payments while arrangements could be made for a conference to reconsider the whole debt-payment scheme?

W ans Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Hoover were quietly con- ferring in the effort to devise an American policy that would not have to be changed in March, the whole country, at least as represented by the press and by politicians, economists, and what we call publicists, broke out in a perfect hubbub of debt discussion. = Cancelation, revision, repudiation, and default are words that bob up on every editorial page. To some writers it is a very simple matter, to others it is infinitely complex.

Tus simplest way of looking at it, perhaps, is represented by the Hearst papers. '' Mischief Is Afoot About the War Debts," cries a warning editorial head-line on the front page of the New York A meri- can. The New York Journal goes on to hint that postponement means eancelation, and that cancelation of these governmental debts is bound to lead to a clamor for similar treatment of private debtors in both Kurope and South America, and ''that would mean eleven bil- lions, plus six billions, plus several more billions, which Americans stand to lose on the deal."

What should America say to all this? The Denver Post has a simple answer:

"The best way for the United States to settle the debt prob- lem is to say to Europe, 'We will not consider any proposition for cancelation or further reduction of the debts you owe us.' And

then the United States should refuse to enter into or send even an 'unofficial observer' to any conference on international debts."'

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Here is similar counsel from the Columbus Ohio State Journal:

"Half the national debt of the United States is in the form of loans to Europe. The loans were made in good faith by the American people. Whatever concessions or reductions are made by the President and Congress will have to be paid by American citizens in taxes.

'We hope our Government will never consent to cancelation. Let the threatened failure to pay be in the form of repudiation on the part of European nations rather than willing cancelation on our part."

Then comes from the precisely opposite direction the other

Tuer Lirerary DicEst is published weekly by Funk & Wagnalls Company, WILFRED J. FUNK, President; RoBERT J. Cuppiny, Vice-President and Treasurer; WILLIAM NEISEL, Secretary;

354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. London Office, 14 Salisbury Square. Printed in the U.S. A.

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2, THE (LER AR Ys Dae Een

simple solution. The Baltimore Sun tells us: ''The thing to do is to sweep this ghastly mess out of doors, once and for all." Indeed, in The Sun's opinion, ''the thing is very simple"':

"The moment you compel a nation to deliver a prescribed sum annually to another nation, you compel the first nation to seek by all manner and means to create a balance of trade abroad from which the payment may be made.

"Tt is not a natural effort of trade which may be mutually beneficial. It is an unnatural and artificial effort which, under the most favorable circumstances, may play havoc with normal

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trade. Make that artificiality well-nigh universal--with Germany struggling to get a balance to pay France and England and Italy and other nations, and with all these nations struggling to get a balance to pay the United States.

"Then go to your next step. It is the maddened building of tariff walls to guard against the pushing in of artificially ordered trade from all the struggling nations. ;

"Then go to your final step. It is the use of gold to make payments after artificially ordered export of goods has failed.

""And there you are! Every important nation on earth. tied into a knot commercially and industrially, first, by attempts at artificial stimulation of exports and next by tariff embargoes to stop the artificial exports.

""And then, on top of that trade paralysis is the destruction of monetary systems as a result of the enforced effort to pay with gold after payment with goods has become clearly impossible.

"And all of that madness is added to the grave disorders that will and must persist for years as a result of the dislocations incident to the war itself.

"Tt is all simple enough, if people will stop using the thinking- machinery of the village note-shaver, shrilly insisting that debts are debts. Why not tell the people the truth? Why not tell the people that reparations and war debts are a deadly blood-clot in the stream of commerce?"

But between these simple solutions come a host of suggestions for reductions and revisions and postponements and conditional arrangéments and solutions involving the tariff and disarma- ment and our farm surplus and the Kellogg pact, and the

NOVEMBER 26, 1932

Japanese in Manchuria. Even books are being written, and space is sufficient to call attention only to a very few sample sugges- tions that are being talked about in these few days before the problem is turned over to the lame-duck session of the Seventy- second Congress.

Significant because of its backing is the report of the for- midably named Committee for the Consideration of Intergovern- mental Debts. The report was prepared under the auspices of the Twentieth Century Fund, by a group of internationally known American economists, and was indorsed by fifty-one leaders in our business and publie life. The report argues that ''s reasonable readjustment of intergovernmental debts promises far greater material benefits to the American people than the direct income which would be received if payment could be made in full.' And then three recommendations are made:

"That the elected representatives of the American people recognize this vital and delicate problem as a non-partizan issue to be settled strictly on its merits in the best interests of the United States.

"That Congress authorize, by the recreation of the World War Foreign Debt Commission or otherwise, such reconsideration and readjustment of the debt-funding agreements as would best redound to the economic advantage of the United States.

"That Congress extend the moratorium for a sufficient period to give time for the negotiations necessary for the proposed readjustment."

Ir seems to Senator Borah that ''proposals for postponement and for moratoriums should be accompanied by a program which will give some assurance that things will be different from this time on.'' The Idaho Senator, it will be remembered, has suggested that debt revision be tied up with arrangements to help the American farmer sell his crops abroad and with various modifications of the Versailles Treaty. In view of the approach- ing Democratic control of the entire Government, several news- papers call attention at this time to the practical suggestion made by Alfred EH. Smith last April:

"Let us say to the nations of Kurope who owe us money that we will forget all about it for twenty years, and not only will we do that but we will write off as paid each year 25 per cent. of the gross value of American products which they buy from us. This, in effect, is to say to any nation which owes us money, if it purchases $100,000,000 of our cotton we will forget $25,000,000 of its indebtedness. If it will buy $100,000,000 of our wheat, our fruit, our tobacco, or any of our manufactured products, we will forget $25,000,000 of its indebtedness. Figures here used are arbitrary and are intended to express the principle. This will help the farmer; it will help the mill-owner; it will help the manu- facturer; it will help the railroads and the transportation indus- tries and, in turn, help all the various lines of activities that are dependent upon the railroads.

"'T assert that this is a far better way to restore trade than the present method of sitting idly by, clamoring for the payment of the debts which we know can not be paid and thereby losing for the farmers and manufacturers and working men of the United States more billions of dollars than the whole European debt."

Iw the ultimate settlement of the debt problem the alterna- tives which Walter Lippmann can see are cancelation, repudia- tion, and revision. As he writes in one of his syndicated articles which we find in the Philadelphia Record:

"The policy of Cancelation can be dismissed quickly. The American nation will not offer it and none of the important debtors will ask for it. The fundamental objection to cancela- tion is that it would impair treaty obligations in a world which depends for its security and its prosperity upon treaties.

"The policy of Repudiation, or the near-equivalent which would be indefinite default, is one which some persons profess to desire. It would be even more disastrous than cancelation. For the repudiation of a great debt, or even default on it, by the old- est and most respected financial power in the world would impair public and private obligations everywhere.

"There remains Revision, the established policy of the wise creditor who finds that circumstances have changed radically for

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his debtor. When the debtor is also a customer and a neighbor with whom the creditor must work and live, a revision profitable to both is the human, the decent, and the intelligent course. "Tt is to revision of the debts that we shall come as Europe came to it at last in the reparations agreements at Lausanne. "We shall come to it because all the alternatives are impos- sible or disastrous, whereas revision, if done wisely and conclu- sively, will promote the vital interests of the American nation."

Os of the greatest obstacles that advocates of debt modifica- tion have to combat is the '"'argument that the debtor nations are currently paying more for armaments than their remittances to this country,'' notes Edward H. Collins, financial editor of the New York Herald Tribune. He then puts down figures, showing that in the British budget, 13.6 per cent. of expenditures go to armaments, and only 4.1 per cent. to war-debt payments; France, 27.4 per cent. to arms and 2 per cent. to debts; Italy, 33.1 per cent. to arms, 1.4 to debts; Belgium, 11.3 to arms, 2 per cent. to debts; Poland, 29.5 per cent. to arms, 1.9 to debts. But Mr. Collins makes this interesting point:

"There are two essential differences between armament pay- ments, however, and foreign-debt payments, which make such comparative tables almost meaningless. In the first place, in a country such as England, with a depreciated currency the [debt] payments are now about once and a half as heavy a burden as they were when they were contracted. This means that, judged by its effect on the British budget, the present year's annuity of $184,000,000 would be the equivalent of $255,000,000 with the pound at parity.

'""More important is the distinction between internal and ex- ternal payments. Armament expenditures involve merely a redistribution of the national income; payments abroad involve the transference of values to foreign countries. In practise this can be accomplished in one or more of four ways--by the export of goods, services, gold, or securities. It is the difficulty--not to say the impossibility--of obtaining exchange through any of these processes, under present world conditions that constitutes the real problem of the settlement of international debts."

However, there is a real relation between debts and arms re- duction. For instance, if the Hoover disarmament plan were to go through it would mean in dollars and cents ''a slash in our national budget of $242,000,000, or almost enough to make up our loss in debt payments.'' And that, coupled with the budget relief that would be afforded Europe, is the real reason, says Mr. Collins, ''why debts and arms reduction are closely related."

The New York World-Telegram is specific. Here are the facts, it says: ''The debts can not be paid in full; international pay- ments must be made either in gold, goods, or services--and none of these methods is practicable in this instance.'"' And

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here, it says, are the two immediate steps that shan!' he taken:

"The first is extension of the Hoover ; - Te- consideration of the dcht~., ments. The secc;

debt comm:

Teves tl TERARY 4D 1GEST 3

Battle of the License Tags

T WAS A MERRY FLARE-UP WHILE IT LASTED. Among its immediats consequences were the holding up of hundreds of trucks along the Pennsylvania-New Jersey border, the loss of thousands of dollars in perishable goods, and alarm and confusion among manufacturers, produce growers,

packing-houses, and trucking interests in the two States.

And for a time it seemed as if the issue raised by the Keystone State would involve it also with its other neighbors, New York,

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Ohio, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia. As it was, one observer reported ''repercussions"' in twenty-three States.

Altho a truce was arranged before the conflict spread from a border skirmish between two States to a full-fledged ''war of the license tags'' on six fronts, it served to emphasize in dra- matic fashion a problem which, many declare, cries for solution. This is the problem of regulating interstate trucking, especially as it affects the rights of States in regard to the use of their respective highways.

'Tus trouble had its roots in a new law requiring all out-of State trucks, operating ''for hire'' in Pennsylvania more than 'fteen days a year, to take out Pennsylvania licenses. In the rly days of this month, New Jersey retaliated by barring from 'every type of Pennsylvania truck not bearing a

'

roads Jersey license."

in a few days a truce was declared, pending decision in irts.

big problem remains,'' however, as the Philadelphia Record ids us. The Pennsylvania law ''must be repealed," it es, because ''motor transport is in a chaotic condition, and wction taken by Pennsylvania and the other States adds to "The outbreak serves once more to eall attention

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chaos.' he desirability of regulation by the Interstate Commerce numission,' remarks the Philadelphia Jnqwirer; but The ning Public Ledger dissents from this view, declaring that yoperation between highway officials of adjacent States has en effective before in dealing with motor problems, and should

mntinue to be.''

4 THESL PT ERARY "DRGEST

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Future of the Republican Party

EORGANIZE OR DIE! That blunt warning is served on the Republican party by Nicholas Murray Butler, once its Vice- Presidential candidate.

And at the same time other leaders of the G. O. P., picking through the wreckage left by the Democratic typhoon, are wondering where to begin the work of reconstruction.

That President Hoover will have little, if anything, to do with the reorganization plans seems certain to George Van Slyke of

SRA CEE

Another National Reconstruction Program

--Cowan in the Boston "'Evening Transcript"

the Republican New York Sun--''the Hoover influence has fallen to almost nothing."

As for Calvin Coolidge, ''by his own inclination he can be dismissed from consideration both of the Republican Presidential nomination in 1936 and from providing leadership to the party while it is out of power."' So declares Mark Sullivan, noted Washington correspondent, in a copyrighted dispatch to the New York Herald Tribune.

Tn is to the youth of the party that the Republicans must turn, asserts Dr. Butler, seventy-year-old president of Columbia University and an outstanding foe of Prohibition.

Since 1919, ''the party, as represented by the vast majorit of its office-holders at Washington, has been moving steadig toward intellectual, moral, and political bankruptcy '--

"It has managed to get on the wrong side of every impos question which confronts the anxious American people."'

And the result is, says Dr. Butler, that the voters have th

the party into receivership. But--

"Tf the young men and young women who bear the pa name, and who have become so impatient of the intellect moral, and political incompetence of so many of the.office-hol and office-seeking class who have dominated the party organi tion, particularly since 1920, will exert themselves to seek a to produce constructive, forward-facing, and liberal leadersh3 the party, despite its overwhelming defeat, may be quickly r organized and given new strength and new spirit for anoth generation of public service.

"Tf something of this sort can not be done, the Republican party will have gone the way of the Whig party, and will soon pass out of existence because of its incapacity to face the future with understanding and with courage."

In that event, ''a new and truly Liberal party will quickly be born, composed of the very best elements of the Republican and Democratic parties."

A regenerated Republican party or a new Liberal party, Dr. Butler says, must have as its program: balancing of budgets, elimination of special privilege, administration of natural re- sources in the public interest, elimination of tariff obstacles to trade, readjustment of the war debts, and an international mone-

tary system.

W/ uitever may be the reaction to Dr. Butler's proposal, all factions in the party recognize ''the imperative need for reorgan- ization,' says Mr. Van Slyke, ''but the way to proceed has not yet appeared, and must be worked out through political evolu- tion during the next few months ''--

"Control of the party organization now passes back into the national committee, which is dominated by the regulars who are not and never have been cordial to President Hoover. The Hoover influence has fallen to almost nothing.

"'Now the Republicans turn to the upbuilding of their party with the idea that the new leader and the new candidates must be developed through their own initiative and not by edict or mandate.

"Congressman Bertrand H. Snell is in about the strongest position of any individual among the prominent Republicans. He will be the organization spokesman in Washington. Had the Republicans won, he would have been Speaker of the House.

''He has a good following in both the so-called Coolidge and Hoover groups and, better than any officeholder, may be able to guide the get-together movement about to be undertaken.

'*Altho in eclipse for four years, the regulars who are classed as the old guard politicians in the party are still on the job, and in a test to-day undoubtedly would control the Republican ma- chinery. The reorganization must start in the States, but will first come to the surface in the national committee."

One of the severest blows dealt the Republicans, adds Mr. Van Slyke, is that the party lost so many State governments, for ''the States are the training-school for candidates for the Presidency."

Among those who may take a conspicuous part in any reor- ganization movement, he notes, are Senator Reed of Pennsyl- vania and James W. Wadsworth, Jr., former New York Senator, elected to the House of Representatives, ''who is being pushed

Republicans must re- er's belief that

NOVEMBER 26, 1932

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O DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN

As foreshadowed by 'The Literary Digest's'' poll.

As determined by the voters on November 8.

The Line-Up of the States in the 1932 Presidential Election

Explanation: The "doubtful" States in the left-hand map--New Hampshire, Connecticut, and New Jersey--were adjudged by 'The

Digest, editorially, in our issue of November 5, as possible recruits to the Roosevelt column on Election Day, altho the actual poll

figures gave them to Hoover. On the other hand, Massachusetts and Rhode Island were positively conceded by us to Roosevelt despite the poll figures--and that is why they are white in the first map as well as the second. ;

Our Poll Is O. K.--What Price Pennsylvania?

HE EFFECTIVE BULL'S-EYE scored by the greatest

of Dicgsst Presidential straw votes is more than acknowl-

edged by a nation-wide chorus of congratulations, spiced with exclamations of astonishment.

Here we insert a tentative summary of the poll's score-card, figured from the latest election returns at this writing--and these percentages are probably final:

Accuracy in definitely forecasting the ''landslide'' election of Roosevelt--100 per cent.

Accuracy in forecasting the Electoral Vote at 474 to 57 (the election result was 472 to 59)--99.6 per cent.

Accuracy in forecasting Roosevelt's proportion of the popular vote--98.89 per cent.

Poll fans do not need to be reminded that Roosevelt scored 59.86 per cent. of the total Hoover-Roosevelt straw votes, not counting the minor candidates. The election figures give him 58.75 per cent. of the Hoover-Roosevelt popular vote, so the Digest poll came within 1.11 per cent. of the result!

With these achievements to its credit, it is perhaps not sur- prizing that the Lirrrary Dieest 1932 Presidential poll should now be showered with bouquets and serenaded with the chorus of acclamation mentioned above. But the harmony is broken every now and then by a menacing sound, which grows louder with repetition, like the clumping of the giants in Wagner's '' Rhein- gold," and this jarring note is the mysterious and_ baffling problem of Pennsylvania.

Why did the Dieusr poll, so amazingly right in so many par- ticulars, miss fire--apparently--in that important State?

Tuar poser, repeated on all sides, makes the haunting under- tone in the chorus of praise, creating a feeling like that produced by Hamlet's exclamation, ''Something is rotten in the State of Denmark."'

Editorial writers all over the country treat the unique reversal

of Pennsylvania as a first-class political enigma which should be investigated and explained. Thus, for instance, the Albany Knickerbocker Press:

"With slight qualification, the straw-vote sponsors can shout, 'I told you so!' Except for Pennsylvania, Tue LirERary Dicest's poll, for instance, felt the pulse of the electorate surprizingly accurately.

"Tts own diagnosis of that bit of false cue should prove inter- esting, and possibly may suggest a corrective for what may have caused the wrong slant to be given by the informal vote."

No, Tue Diasst has no ''diagnosis" to make in the case of Pennsylvania, and no '"'corrective" to suggest.

'""All we know is what we read in the papers,'' and some of the Philadelphia papers are quite outspoken on the causes which, they say, underlie the amazing shift from the substantially Rooseveltian Pennsylvania of the Dicusr poll to the scantily Hooverian Pennsylvania of Election Day. 2

Of course, Tue Dicssr takes no side in the Quaker State's always interesting political battle-ground. We think that our readers are entitled to have all the evidence in the case, but we draw no conclusions of our own. :

Ir is pointed out in the Philadelphia Record that a local poll by that newspaper, and other newspaper polls in the State, agreed with the Diexzst poll in forecasting a Roosevelt victory. But it is added that all these polls ''dealt only with actual figures, and without allowance for political machines and the con- trolled vote in boss-ridden Philadelphia and cther organization- controlled counties."

The writer of this article, Mr. I. K. Fagan, opens with a sum- mary of our poll results, thus:

"The avalanche of votes that swept Franklin D. Roosevelt into the Presidency Tuesday by the greatest landslide in the history of the country vindicated with a vengeance the remark- able accuracy of Tur Lirnrary Dicest's forecast.

"The Diegst poll predicted Roosevelt would carry 41 States. He won 42.

""Ty» Driexst said he would win 474 electoral votes. He got 472.

"rm Dicest listed in the Hoover column the States of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- necticut, and New Jersey.

"Hoover actually won Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.

"ip Dieest commented editorially, however, that Roose- velt probably would win Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and might carry New Jersey.

"Again Tue Dicust was right. Roosevelt by resounding margins.

"Tim Diaust was wrong only on two States, Delaware and Pennsylvania, which it gave to Roosevelt.

"Tn the ease of Delaware it said the vote would be close.

"Tt was the Pennsylvania prediction that proved the enigma of the poll. All indications pointed to the startling conclusion that Roosevelt would win this rock-ribbed Republican State.

"In fact, Tas Dicest said, in its final summary, that 'We know of no reason why the poll should go very far astray in the figures and percentages from Pennsylvania.

" Actually, Hoover carried Pennsylvania by a margin exceeding

These three States went to

6 TAEV UVR ERARY (DerG-E Su:

160,000. However, the Diaxst poll dealt with cold figures. It did not take into consideration the most important factor in Pennsyl- vania politigs--the Organization machine, both in the city and State, the machine that in the past has made majorities to order.

'How much fraud there was in manipulations of returns in Pennsylvania can only be guessed at, on the basis of past and malodorous performances. Perhaps the Federal investigation in the offing may disclose the extent of the juggling."

Aw here's another straw to show which way the wind blew in Pennsylvania on Election Day. William Doherty, Universal Service correspondent, relates in a Washington dispatch which we quote from the New York American:

'"\ formal decision to contest the election of James J. Davis, member of three Republican Cabinets, as Senator-elect from Pennsylvania, was announced to-night by S. Davis Wilson, special counsel for the House Elections Investigating Com- mittee.

"Wilson made his announcement after a telephone talk with Lawrence H. Rupp, Democratic Senatorial candidate.

"The contest is likely to be investigated by the Howell Com- mittee of the Senate, and ultimately by the Senate Committee on Elections and Privileges.

''Warlier, evidence enough to give Governor Roosevelt an additional thirty-six electoral votes and to elect Rupp as Senator was claimed before the House Committee by Wilson.

**Wilson said a recount would show enough illegal votes for President Hoover to swing the State to Roosevelt, and that a suit would be filed challenging the entire electoral vote of the State.

"The attorney who deputized half a dozen investigators to serutinize the balloting in Pennsylvania said he uncovered 40,000 votes improperly cast for Hoover in Philadelphia alone.

"The committee also heard Steuart Lynch, head of the investi- gating group which studied the Delaware voting, report on alleged irregularities in Wilmington. Lynch told of testimony from four Army officers at Wilmington, watchers at the polls, that they had seen votes 'bought for one or two dollars, with a couple of drinks on the side.'"'

Wa have some more stories from Pennsylvania, but before quoting them we want to display some of the bouquets that are being thrown at the poll from all over the country.

All we can say in answer to the loud applause is this:

"When better polls are built, Taz Diexrst will build them."

The Topeka Capztal draws this interesting conclusion:

"What it [the poll] demonstrates is that telephone numbers and automobile numbers are representative of the United States, not only politically but generally. The same poll would tell the average income of the United States. It would tell the religious creed of the United States. If it fits polities so closely, it would fit every other way. Telephone numbers and automobile tags represent the United States."

Turning to the farthest Old South of romance, we find this spray of orange blossoms in the New Orleans States:

"Time was when we lacked faith in the dependability of straw votes, even as thoroughly organized as those of Tur Diagsst. I'our years ago, especially, we questioned their reliability, only in the end to be dumfounded when the national vote was counted. Perhaps, then, our skepticism was because we so ardently hoped for Al Smith's triumph despite the religious issue that was injected into the campaign.

"This year, supporting Governor Roosevelt, Tur Duiaxst's weekly summaries of the trend of American sentiment especially intrigued us, but there was still a lingering fear in this office that its polls were possibly too good to be true."

The Kansas City Journal Post says, ''Franklin D. Roosevelt can feel no more triumphant than the editors of Tue LirrRary Diaust,"'

The St. Louis Post-Dispatch suggests playfully that our polls should be supprest because they spoil the game of election betting. The Lancaster Intelligencer-Journal declares:

" According to Mr. Secretary of Treasury Mills, the Lirrrary Diaust straw vote is 'distressingly accurate.' It was accurate, Pennsylvania to the contrary, but Tur Diaxst does not need to

NO VE MIBRETR® $276¥) a eOuse2

feel badly about missing Pennsylvania. Tur DicEst did not know, as much of the country does not know, that Pennsylvania has the largest slum vote; has the largest vote where the 'boss' tells them how to vote; has the largest number of vote thieves; has the largest purchasable vote. Three of these Tun Digest nor any other medium can hope to reach in a straw vote poll. They are a kind of forgotten men and women in Pennsylvania; many of whom want to be forgotten."

''Your forecast of the sentiment in the State of Pennsylvania," writes Emerson P. Jennings from Wilkes-Barre, ''I believe is much more accurate than the vote shows.

"Tf we could eliminate the padded registrations from the official account, I believe that the results from Pennsylvania would harmonize very close to 100 per cent. with the Lirrrary Diazst poll, and give the State to Mr. Roosevelt. For verifica- tion I ean give you, should you wish it, a considerable amount of data in the form of evidence that I have laid before the District Attorney of this county, from districts in the city of Wilkes-Barre."

Our mail-bags are full of pleasant surprizes. brief excerpts:

We give a few

From Gordon D. Boynton, attorney-at-law, Boston: "Your magazine has demonstrated without any question that it is the foremost in the country acting as a barometer in recording cor- rectly the sentiments of the country. . . . I might say in closing that I am a Republican, and was anything but satisfied with the outcome of the elections, but I was deeply imprest with your ability accurately to record public opinion."

From William J. Landman, attorney and counselor, Grand Rapids: ''As a verification of your 'uncanny accuracy,' permit me to call your attention to the fact that in your LirErRarRy Dicest of October 22 you gave your balloting on the Presidential election in Grand Rapids as follows--Hoover, 2,343; Roosevelt, 2,341. The actual vote in Grand Rapids was--Hoover, 29,778; Roosevelt, 28,728."

Stampede Back to the Land

ACK TO THE FARM THEY GO. Back where food and shelter are more easily obtained than in the depression-scourged cities.

The soft hands of the ribbon clerk, who left the farm for a city job, must gather calluses again as he returns to pitchfork and hoe. The desk worker, instead of reporting at the office at nine o'clock, must report at the cow-shed at dawn. Garage workers, factory hands, stenographers, and other thousands who have lost their jobs are turning back home in increasing num- bers. Consequently, just around the corner is a new record for farm population.

If the city-to-country trend indicated by latest figures is maintained, we shall soon break the old peak total of 32,077,000 rural population recorded in January, 1910.

Our Department of Agriculture forecasts a total of 32,000,000 by January on the basis of figures compiled for the first three months of this year. In that period the farm population showed a net increase of 263,000. And--

"The net gains in farm population in 1930 and 1931, plus the projected gains this year, will more than offset the decrease of approximately 1,500,000 people in the farm population from the years 1920 to 1930. The farm population estimates clearly indi- cate the effect of the current business depression."

"Since the farmer's most persistent and pressing problem is that of surplus crops,'' remarks the New York Sun, "those farmers who have remained on the land from 1920 to the present time may not relish the thought of thousands of competitors in a market that is now too well supplied." 'On the other hand," says the Washington Post, ''as industry recovers, a larger market for agricultural products will be created, and many industrial workers who have been forced into farming by hard times will return to their jobs, thus relieving competition on the farms."

NOMNeEM BER P26, 19: 3.2.

hire (al TRARY Bal -Gess=1

TOPICS IN BRIEF

O. K., Lirzrary Dicrest!--Detroit News.

GERMANY is tired of being the Venus de Milo of nations.-- Brunswick (Ga.) Pilot.

AFTER all, you've got to admire a candidate who can take it on the chin.--I/ndianapolis News.

BoorLteccGers and hijackers had better be looking up new occupations.--Chicago Daily News.

ABour the only fellow we know about with anything left in his sock is Schmeling.-- Weston (Ore.) Leader.

AMERICANISM: Poor people losing their mortgaged homes because they can't borrow money; New York bankers lending muillions to gamblers at 1 per cent.

--Wheeling Intelligencer.

Tue lame-duck Congress will be urged to throw away its crutches and go in for a swim.--Chicago Daily News.

Ir George Bernard Shaw comes to this country, and finds it isn't half as bad as he thought it, he'll be unhappy.--T'oledo Blade.

TxE outlook brightens. Now that the election is over, policies will be determined by cool heads instead of cold feet.--Publishers Syndicate.

Tuer Atlanta Federal pen is to have a radio in every cell. Maybe this is a method of punishment.

-Greensboro (Ga.) Herald-Journal.

Tue outlook is surely becoming more optimistic. Burglars, a crime

report shows, are breaking into

places of business again.--Boston Oe oa So fa ola

Herald. SW al

gae =

WA dp'fp |

lay

SY 1%; \

On the morning of the Presiden- tial election in 1912, this column said, ''We have met the enemy, and the post-offices are ours.'"'--Mont- gomery Advertiser.

--Ray in

We might try giving Congress- men a bonus on every million they chisel from the budget es- timate.--Davenport Times.

Vast riches await the man who can devise a straw-vote system that will be as accurate in picking derby winners as in naming Presidents.--Chicago Daily News.

Prry the poor bootleggers and speak-easiers. Their illegal and profitable business is to be legalized and have all the profit taxed out of it--Dunbar's Weekly (Phenix).

Tur Democrats carried the country on the 8th, but we sup- pose the bankers will have to continue to' carry it during the balance of the year.--Brunswick Pilot.

Wuo were the Hittites? Mustafa Kemal is asking a group of |

Turkish scientists. Personally, we can't say with any certainty, but they sound like pedestrians to us.--Boston Herald.

THERE are going to be enough postmasters out of jobs in a few months to make a pretty fair Postmasters' Expeditionary Force with a bonus march to Washington and everything.--Kansas City Star.

Insutu has asked for a big refund on his income tax, which must come as a jolt to the forces of law and order. It proves that he has paid his income tax, so we can't see how the Chicago courts will be able to do anything about him.--Detroit News.

AN eminent German statesman says the nations of Europe should all work together, and we have a suspicion that he has already picked an old gentleman with a tall hat, a chin whisker, and red and white striped pants to be the workee.--Boston Herald.

If He Only Pulls as Well as He Ran

Auso beware the whine when it is Red.--Kenosha (Wis.) News.

ANOTHER innovation needed to make a sales tax successful is sales -- Milwaukee Leader.

@| So Tue Lirerary Diaesr produces another predigested election.-- Arkansas Gazette.

App to the high cost of armament the high cost of veterans. -- Boston Shoe and Leather Reporter.

Tue question now is whether prosperity was around the corner of the ballot box.--Norfolk Virginian-Pilot.

ONE of these child experts says to let the child create his own emotional dynamo. Our experience has been that the problem i> to get him to shut the darned thine

Sean - :

off--Nashville Banner. \_ +g THE NATION'S LOAD.

WHEN an economic question gets into politics it is just too bad for economy.--Boston Shoe and Leather Reporter.

Onn thing we don't understand is the gang's objection to voting- machines. It has always used them. --Philadelphia Inquirer.

Tue world's greatest optimist has been discovered. A fellow in Vir- ; ginia is trying to reopen a miniature R real we <A golf course.--Greenville Piedmont.

\ NZ | xP W us KOs Py CA 3 w

GERMAN author says American women are so beautiful they can wear any old thing. Sure they can, je but they won't.--Macon Telegraph.

Give the Canadians credit. They had a mutiny in one of their prisons, and did not claim that it was caused

\| \ by American movies. -- Nashville a Banner.

ONE reason college football isn't making so much money this year is that a good many people are staying at home and doing their own ae cin) WE kickine.--Dayton Daily News.

e ansas | ar,

THOMASJEFFERSON and Abraham

Lincoln will now be permitted to rest in peace for four years. --Brunswick Pilot.

WHEN it comes to marrying there is every evidence that the Prince of Wales is another of those fellows who are willing to let George do it.--IJndianapolis News.

INCIDENTALLY, we greatly fear the elimination of the "'lame- duck'' session of Congress is not going to mean the end of quack- ery in Washington.--WNashville Banner.

Mayes what Hoover really meant by his prophecy of grass in the industrial centers, if the Democrats won, was that the cities would once more behold the long green.-- Virginian-Pilot.

QurEn Marre of Roumania feels too poor to pay the U.S. A. another visit. The steamship lines might pick up a little money by offering a '' tourist third" for royalty.--Cincinnati Times-Star .

Couumsra Untversity's student paper advocates that football. players be paid. If that crusade is successful, some paper ought to come out in favor of paying the Chicago teachers.--Jackson (Miss.) News.

In a New York newspaper's "' Lost and Found"' columns there are 200 ''lost'"' ads, ranging from a derby hat to a pearl necklace with 210 graded pearls, and one lone "found" ad. Some fellow found a poodle dog.--Macon Telegraph.

Iowans have figured out that the corn from ten acres will, if used as fuel, keep a farmhouse warm through the winter. In time, as we have been saying, things will automatically right themselves. The next forward step is for a hungry Kentucky miner to learn how to eat coal.--Detroit News.

FOREIGN

COMMENT

The French Arms Plan That Shocks Germany

ae RMED TO THE TEETH and pacific to the core!" That description of the French people is said even by some English editors to fit perfectly the French proposals to the Disarmament Conference issued on Novem- ber 14. Yet even in England some consider the new French plan an improvement over earlier ones. But no such toleration is found among German officials and German editors. The new French plan, as summarized in press cables, provides for reducing European national armaments and armies to a

Lely ish

A Dutch Thrust at France "France is all for disarmament for everybody except France."'

--'''De Notenkraker'' (Amsterdam).

defensive scale, setting up the nucleus of an international protective force, and giving equality rights to all countries.

Bor before throwing the old idea of armaments completely overboard, notes P. J. Philip in a wireless to the New York Times, the plan asks that the security of all nations that accept it be guaranteed through the application of the Briand-Kelloge pact, the Covenant of the League, and the creation of special political and military arrangements among the principal . Huropean Powers, which would be called to assist any nation in case of attack or invasion.

The paragraphs in the memorandum of the French Govern- ment which seem to the Germans to postpone their claims of arms equality indefinitely, may be taken to be those in which the French declare that while the Government ''does not recog- nize the force of the legal argument on which this claim is based, and while it persists in the belief that any solution involving re- armament would be unacceptable as being contrary to the very purpose of that the problem was among the political problems brought up before the Conference."

8

the Conference, it has never denied

The plan "represents an impossibility,'' according to a high German military authority close to Minister of Defense Gen. Kurt von Schleicher, who is reported in a Berlin Universal Service press-cable from Charles L. Flick, to have said:

"What Germany wants is equality of armaments. Herriot's plan does not concern us since we are not represented at the Disarmament Conference. If we were, our only answer could be: where is German equality?"

Ove opinions cited in these Berlin dispatches indicate government officials as saying that:

"Herriot's plan does not mention German security or equality or German naval disarmament and other depleted war stocks.

""Wrance alone would retain an excellently equipped Colonial Army, numbering 250,000 men, whereas we do not have a single colonial soldier.

"The proposal to give invocation of political and economic sanctions to a majority vote of the League of Nation's Council represents a grave danger to Germany."

A rather sneering comment is heard from another German Government authority who is reported by the Universal Service as saying disdainfully:

"The good points of the Herriot plan are Utopian, while the rest constitutes an extremely clever scheme to perpetuate French domination of Europe.

"The German Government might be willing to discuss a number of the plan's points with Premier Herriot when Foreign Minister von Neurath goes to Geneva November 21, but it is improbable that Germany will reenter the Disarmament Con- ference unless more clearly defined equality guaranties are first given."

Aone outstanding editorials cabled to Tue Lirmsrary Dicnust from the German press, we find utter disapproval in the com- ment of the Berlin Germania, formerly spoken of as close to ex- Chancellor Bruening. This newspaper observes:

"The plan is not distinguished by the same generosity and clarity as was President Hoover's. Not material disarmament but the extension of security through treaties is the key-note.

"It is clearly recognizable as another form of the Geneva Pro- tocol of 1924. When the French sought to make Article XVI of the League Covenant automatically function, she held up her sanction of other measures.

'""Ever since, Paris tenaciously cherished the sanctions idea, and sought such ideas as Briand's European pact to perpetuate the present European territorial situation.

"The French saw in Secretary Stimson's August statement that violation of the Kellogg pact might necessitate common action by the signatories to the certain advantage of her sanc- tions policy at Geneva. Now they are using that as an excuse to propose another world security plan."

The industrialist Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung insists that Germany's equality demands must under no circumstances be undermined by specious arguing, and it declares:

"Tt is not enough that the proposed reorganization of the type of armies will theoretically open the way for later con- sideration of German equality. The key-note of the proposal is the effort to perpetuate the political hegemony of the single States, and above all of France.

"Regarding the plan for colonies and colonial armies, it is well known that the largest part of the French Colonial Army is a few hours' steaming from her coast, while another part is already quartered in France."

But Mr. Hitler's Voelkischer Beobachter seems at the point

of losing its gravity and bursting into laughter over the French invitation to disarm, as it jeers:

"Herriot apparently desires to joke with Germany, proposing

OV ENB E Re 2 6. 1 923.2

that she entrust her security to the League of Nations' Army of which the kernel will consist of the French war machine.

"Disarmament never occurs to the French leaders. On the contrary, they believe that legerdemain will be able to lead von Papen away from the equality demand which is now recognized in principle by England as well as Italy."

Al mone eabled editorials to Ture Lirmrary Diaxsr from the French press, we find the Paris Temps--semiofficial mouth- piece of the French Foreign Office--charging that Germany is now a militarist State. Noting the ''cordial'' welcome given to the French proposals outside the Reich, this journal avers:

"The reception given by international opinion to the French plan to organize peace is distinctly favorable. It shows impor- tant moral progress in creating new possibilities for the arms parley. .

"There is only one exception--Germany-- = which is entirely dominated by nationalist : ' passion, and lacking in coolness of judgment 5 to the point of betraying with too much im- : prudence, if not impudence, the selfish mo- tives which control the Reich's foreign policy.

"The moment is nearing when the whole world will realize that nationalist Germany, now transferred into a militarist State, is the only real obstacle to peace in Kurope."'

But astonishing skepticism appears in the comment of other French newspapers, includ- ing the Independent Paris Journal, which cries despairingly: N

"God knows all the international organiza- tions in the world will not prevent the at-

tacked nation from resisting the aggressor's aS

first onslaught."' <e

Tue Right Wing Paris Avenir also is per- turbed by the French proposals, and asserts flatly that:

"The gravest defect in the topsyturvy plan

is the destruction of the Versailles Treaty and also of the London Naval Pact."

Cables to Tur Lirzerary Dienst from the London press indicate distrustfulness on the part of the Manchester Guardian:

"The French plan can not be said to improve on closer inspec- tion. It is a thoroughly compact, logical mechanism built to satisfy the French ideal of guaranteeing the peace of Europe and, so far as it emerges, the status quo of Europe by means of the ultimate threat of force internationally organized.

"Tf little seems likely to come from the French plan, the greater, perhaps, will be our chance; the greater, certainly, our duty, to save the Disarmament Conference."

The London Daily Telegraph calls the French memorandum a notable document, but it too has its reservations:

"Tt is a remarkable, ambitious scheme, and by far the most comprehensive so far produced for combining the organization of security and disarmament by stages."

But then The Daily Telegraph fiails the French plan because of the suggestion that the majority of the League Council decide upon the punishment for the aggressor, and it firmly declares that such a proposal is ''entirely repugnant to the principle which Great Britain has stedfastly maintained."

To the London Times, it is plain that security overshadows dis- armament in the French outline. Still, it is willing to concede _ that:

"The French plan contains certain points which at first sight are hardly acceptable, but the general sense of the scheme does not conflict with the essence of the British proposals. "Tt is azeattempt to apply a logical process to the admittedly changing balance of forces. However, it is an improvement over the earlier French plans."

fatbes Let TER A RY~ DIGEST

"Why any French Army?

Life-Lines and Life-Lines

APAN'S "LIFE-LINE" IS MANCHURIA. This is the claim of the Japanese. But the League of Nations is the "''life-line' of modern ecivilization."'

This is the courteous retort of Lord Lytton in speaking for the Report of the International Commission of Inquiry he headed, which was appointed by the Council of the League on December 10, 1931.

Many writers, he notes in the London Spectator, have an- nounced, either with approval or regret, that the Commission have found Japan ''

9

eulty. They have done nothing of the sort, declares Lord Lytton, for

% Olarlaivig

AM

French Sarcasm

Before long they will expect France to be satisfied with a scarecrow." --''Candide'' (Paris)

they were not a judicial tribunal, nor were they judge or jury. If the language of a court is to be used, their function was rather that of a witness, he avers. They have produced evidence. The case is still sub judice before the League. Japan is entitled to be heard, China also, and Lord Lytton proceeds:

"We certainly never expected that our Report would evoke any enthusiasm, either in China or Japan. Neither did we be- lieve that a permanent solution of the Manchurian problem could be achieved immediately, by our proposals or by any other.

'"What we did believe was that a solution could be found in the framework of the system of collective responsibility for the main- tenance of peace through the world, and by no other means."

W war is at stake, he continues, is not whether China or Japan is to control the future destinies of Manchuria, but whether this principle of collective responsibility for peace and justice between nations is to be preserved or sacrificed. He points out then: 4

""Those who insist that the realities of the situation must be borne in mind should remember this.

"The naval and military strength of Japan, the relative weak- ness of China, the presence of Japanese troops in Manchuria, the existence of Manchukuo, the chaotic condition of China at the present stage of her political evolution, the importance to Japan of her Chinese markets, the damaging effects of the Chi- nese boycott on Japanese trade--all these are realities of the situation, and the Commission did not ignore any of them.

"But there is another reality which equally can not be ignored-- the existence of the League of Nations, the terms of the Covenant, the Kellogg pact, and the Nine-Power Treaty of Washington."

10 THE' LERERA Reese 1 Gea

NOVEMBER 26, 1932

Why Britain Enrages Russia

ORDS SCORNFUL ENOUGH to express their

contemptuous indignation with Great Britain for

ending the Anglo-Russian Trade Agreement are sought in vain by Moscow editors.

"The price paid by the British Government to prevent closer relations between Canada and the United States,'' and ''a bribe offered to Canadian capitalists,' is how the official Soviet news- paper, Izvestia, describes the abrogation of the treaty.

But, in England, some newspapers say the British Govern- ment's act marks '"'the end of a bad job." Yet a division of opinion among the English press appears from the remark of such a Liberal newspaper as the Manchester Guardian, that 'the scandal of the denunciation of the Russian Trade Agreement gets worse with every attempt of Ministers to explain it."

Therumpus wasall started by Mr. J. H. Thomas (the Labor- ite Secretary for the Domin- ions) when he announced in the House of Commons that the Government ''recognized the importance of maintaining the effectiveness of the Ottawa preferences against State action by any foreign country which might stultify the intentions of the preferences."" He isfurther quoted in parliamentary press dispatches as saying:

"This principle is acknowl- edged in Article 21 of the agreement with Canada. It necessitates H. M. Government in the United Kingdom being in a position to discriminate by pro- hibition against the import of commodities from any such country.

""This stipulation has rendered necessary the denunciation of the temporary commercial agreement with the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republigs signed in London on April 16, 1930, which grants to Soviet trade the privilege of most- favored-nation treatment, and which, therefore, would stand in the way of the prohibition, which might in conceivable cireum- stances be necessitated by the Ottawa obligations.

''A note was therefore addrest, on October 17, to the Soviet Chargé d' Affaires in London, giving notice of the denunciation at six months' date, in accordance with Article 7 of the agreement, and adding that H. M. Government remain anxious for the furtherance of trade with Soviet Russia, and are prepared to enter into discussions for the promotion of this end at the earliest moment."

Clieas disrupting decision of the British Government, angrily warns the Moscow Pravda, ''threatens the trade relations between the two nations with grave consequences." This official organ of the Central Committee of the Communist party in Moscow also

alleges:

"It goes without saying that it is the Right Wing of the Conservative party--led by such die-hards as Winston Churchill and Lord Beaverbrook--which is responsible for this measure tending to undermine the trade between the two countries. A very active réle, too, was played in this new anti-Soviet provo- cation by the 'National' Laborites headed by J. H. Thomas.

"The MacDonald-Thomas group are always ready to carry out the dirtiest jobs entrusted to them by the die-hards. Mr. Thomas thus once more appears in the role of the vile lackey of the bitterest enemies of the English workers."

Pravda charges, too, that the British decision to end the trade pact is made just when it is especially vital to England that trade relations between the two countries should be normal. In spite of the introduction of protective tariffs and the abolition of the gold standard, Pravda is convinced that ''the situation of English capitalism has not improved by an iota."

It speaks of the fall of English exports, of the increase of un- employment, and of a whole lot of troubles in England that tend to show "'the class struggle is assuming ever-widening proportions in the country." Yet, disre-

Cyn IN : : eee garding these menacing con-

ditions, Pravda asserts: '"The English die-hards, with

Sergeant co jee BRITIS a - PREFERENCE

The Dumper Gets Dumped

--'The Daily Province"'

their traditional bestial hatred of the Soviet Union, have con- cluded an alliance with the agrarian bourgeoisie of the Dominions.

''This bourgeoisie is trying to find the way out of the depres- sion by selling their agricultural products at high prices in England. Hence the Ottawa agreements, which in their essence are a hostileact directed against the Soviet Union.

"In keeping with these agree- ments, the British Government has given a pledge to the Canadian bourgeoisie to start a campaign against the Soviet exports. The Wenuneneee of BY a, the Anglo-Soviet Trade Agree- ment, which deals a heavy blow to the trade between these two countries, is &@ move in that campaign.

"This unavoidably will lead to the decrease of Soviet pur- chases and orders in England, just as it has happened in the United States. Worse still, it will result in the rise of commodity prices in England and, especially, of foodstuffs.

"Consequently, the English proletariat and the poorer middle class will be the first ones to suffer from the consequences of this measure."

(Vancouver, B. C.)

c was to be expected, sharply retorts the London Daily Ex- press, that the Government's decision to end the Anglo-Russian Trade Agreement would be received in Moscow with furious tirades against the latest ''capitalist plot," and this newspaper goes on:

"Tt is a capitalist plot to defend the livelihood of British workers.

"The Anglo-Russian Trade Agreement is a menace to workers here. The Russians have so far carried on a lopsided trade with us by methods which have caused grave unemployment in Britain,

"They have been able to dump their produce here, because they have confiscated the factories and farms in Russia, and worked them by slave labor. Asa result they have thrown many of our producers on to the scrap-heap.

""At the same time the British taxpayers have been guaran tee- ing the losses which may fall upon our manufacturers who trade with Russia.

"We can not afford either the cheap goods which Russia sends to us or the high cost of guaranteeing payment for the goods which we send to her. =

"Tf we use our money to build up our own industries, we shall have both employment and a more profitable trade at home and with the Dominions.

"It is not the capitalists who have put Russia beyod the pale of commerce. Russia, by her own peculiar policy, has put herself there. The remedy for that belongs to the Russian people not the British." ~-

LETTERS AND ART

LITERATURE # DRAMA # MUSIC +»

FINE-ARTS # EDUCATION + CULTURE

When Painters Turn Self-Models

ce EVER RUN TO MEET AN ARTIST." This injunction by an art critic, Malcolm Vaughan, as it happens of the New York American, may bear various interpretations.

Artists, actors, singers, and their critics are not necessarily friends.

Mr. Vaughan explains that artists are "often disappointing in the flesh."" The artist may be "'capable of weaving with his brush a web of golden poetry," but "turn out to be a scrubby little man all bustle and .bombast in his conver- sation,' or a ''ponderous titan of the paint-box'"' may emerge an '"'empty dullard."

Better is it to see him in a self-portrait, or a portrait of him by a brother artist.

And this is just what the Roerich Museum is now pro- viding opportunity to do, in its. exhibition of sixty-three such examples of native and foreign artists.

Leon Dabo, the painter, sug- gested the exhibition, remem- bering the thrill he felt, when a boy, at seeing such a show in Paris. In a foreword he says that Carolus Duran, ''his beard eurled and ringleted, was As- syrian and hieratic,'' and as for Cézanne--

"Like Rembrandt he never tired of himself as model, but unlike Rembrandt, Cézanne continually experimented with his beard, cutting it off to-day, and then growing patches on

sympathetic critic, one who appreciates the problems of the task and wants the finished achievement to reveal, above everything else, a free hand, a royal opportunity.

"It was a happy idea to open the exhibition season of the Roerich Museum with a show of 'Portraits of Artists.' Fortu- nately the idea ends happily. The three-score canvases now as- sembled in exhibition reflect remarkable range of method and catholic taste in the se- lection.

"Tt is true that several of the worksare poor, but the majority are both humanly and artis- tically pleasing, and some of the examples are so excellent that one wishes we had in America a national portrait gallery in which they might be permanently hung.

"Of the assembled group, the most dramatic, and there- fore the most immediately striking, is a large, romantic, expressive presentment of Sid- ney Dickinson, by Wayman Adams. It sums up the man's personality and at the same -time probes beneath his per- sonality with friendly penetra- tion, to his character. Equally delightful is the warm spon- taneity of the technical attack, the high, bright coloring and the deftly decorative design which, combined, make the canvas not only a good por- trait, but a handsome picture."'

Syath other works receive a glance:

''There is an informal self- portrait of Robert Brackman in a red sweater, painted with breadth and boldness; a jest- ing, hilarious self-portrait of Jerome Myers, tricked out in Rembrandtian fancy dress; a gentle, meditative self-portrait of Orlando Rouland; a pictur- esque deseription of 'The

iff ] rhich meant : : ; sey nee seateh micant:a Paints Himself as Well as a Picture SE tiSte Wusiin. their aise

new portrait to be painted.

"T still believe that artists Orlando Rouland in throes of creating ''Sigurd Skou,' now by F. Luis Mora; a strongly are very important personages, exhibited at the Roerich Museum. naive portrait of Kisling, by

and it occurred to me that an ex- hibition of our artists' portraits would interest our people."

i is Mr. Vaughan's idea, however, that "'self-portraits are rarely good"':

"A self-portrait is painted while gazing into a mirror, which is to say, when self-conscious. Accordingly the features are un- naturally immobile; the eye holds a fixt stare and the pose is

usually stiff, ofttimes rigidly set. Yet one can at least discover in a self-portrait something of what the painter thinks of himself."

The fad was started in Florence in the seventeenth century, and the Uffizzi gallery has a long line of self-portraits from that early time to the present.

Mr. Vaughan believes a better knowledge of a painter's per- sonality is to be had in a good portrait of him from the brush of one of his colleagues. He writes:

"Indeed, artists' portraits of artists frequently rank among masterpieces; for on such occasions the painter finds in his sitter a

Derain, and a sensitively sty- lized self-portrait of Leon Dabo, this last example a dis- tinguished piece of subtle lyricism both in conception and technical expression.

*Wrom nineteenth-century Europeans there are portraits by Carolus Duran, Tony Robert Fleury, and Fantin-Latour. The nineteenth-century American, Albert P. Ryder, is seen in a valuable portrait of himself. And there are several eighteenth- century English portraits."

If you go to the exhibition looking for your favorite artist, Mr. Royal Cortissoz's summary in the New York Herald Tribune helps. It may be noted that he prefers portraits lacking the professional signs of palet and brush:

"Tt is the artist portrayed in his unprofessional status who repeatedly comes into the foreground on this occasion, the head of Fantin-Latour, by himself; the portrait of Sidney Dickinson, by Wayman Adams; the one of the late Carroll Beckwith, by Carolus Duran; the fine drawing of Sir John Lavery, by Leonebel Jacobs; the distinguished portrait of himself by the late Charles

11

12 THE EIT BRA RY 401 GES

W. Hawthorne; the well-designed portrait of himself by F. Luis Mora, and the strong drawing of Rockwell Kent, by Victoria E. Hutson.

'"'Of course, there is much personal significance attached to the show. It is enchanting, for example, to come across the tiny portrait of Odilon Redon, by Tony Robert Fleury (most un- expected of confréres for the mystical Frenchman!), and the similarly appealing souvenir of Albert P. Ryder, which we owe to his own brush.

"Tt is good also to see, among the half-dozen bronzes by Paul Paulin, the handsome bust of Degas.

"But it is this matter of the approach to which I have referred that stays longest in the mind. In spite of the various excep- tional pieces that might be cited--and among them, by the way, I would place Robert Brackman's portrait of himself--the balance of testimony in respect to esthetic principle is all in favor of the portrait of the artist detached from the atmosphere of the studio. The brush and palet seem, in the long run, to have something factitious about them."

Literature Breaking Soviet Chains

OVIET AUTHORITIES REALIZE that can not be turned into a publicity agency."

'literature

The souree of this information is Eugene Zamiatin, a ''big name in present-day Russian literature."

Besides being a man of letters, Zamiatin is a civil engineer. He has an ironical mind, and because his irony got into some of his literary work he has spent a few days in jail. Irony is not regarded a Soviet virtue. ''His most important novel, 'We,' tho published in translation both in America and in France, has not been passed by the Russian censor yet."

This and other facts concerning Russian literature of the present come from Mr. Zamiatin through the Paris correspondent of the Manchester Guardian.

First he deals with the writers themselves, and he says that compared with other people they may be considered well-off. He considers himself in an exceptional position with the exclusive use of a three-room flat. Then:

""The successful playwright, who gets his 5 or 6 per cent. of the box-office receipts, is the only '"'legitimate bourgeois"? in Russia to-day; and nobody interferes with his wealth. The same applies, in a lesser degree, to successful novelists. Pilnyak and his family, for instance, have a whole five-roomed house in Moscow.

"Besides authors are given a specially generous payok, or ration-card, which entitles them to butter and cheese, and all the other "luxuries" unknown to so many ordinary mortals. The Soviets are very good to authors in that way.

"All the outstanding professional authors have got this payok. There must be seventy-five such authors in Leningrad, and about a hundred in Moscow. Besides, our publishers do not differentiate as much as your publishers do between famous authors and beginners.

"*An unknown man gets about 200 rubles ($100) per 10,000 words on the first edition of, say, 5,000 copies, plus an ad- vance royalty; a well-known author may receive two or three times as much, but not more. The really prosperous authors are those whose books are published in the cheap, popular editions with a minimum printing of 30,000 copies. In the main, however, this applies only to books which are considered "politically useful."

""The Russians to-day, and even the peasants,' Zamiatin con- tinued, 'are great readers. The country has been psychologically revolutionized. J remember an old peasant woman talking to me about "individual farming'? and ''collectivization," and, believe me, she pronounced these words as naturally and as easily as tho she were talking about cows and pigs.

""*TIt is true that in the same village I heard another old woman mutter charms.

""One of the effects of the Five-Year Plan--an effect more

important even than its 'economic achievements'--has been to cure the Russians of their slowness and laziness. z ; : s : : ; ""The new generation believes in machines and in American-

NiOVIEMB ER® 2:65) 180 3r2

It will be curious to watch Russia during the next ten

29)

ization. or fifteen years.

Asked what part literature plays in this process, and what is meant by the phrase ''literature in the service of the Five- Year Plan," Zamiatin smiled and, being in Paris, spoke out:

""T may be a heretic, but to my mind the phrase means nothing. It is childish idealism. As an engineer, I know that no 'industrial novel'? will ever produce an extra ton of steel. As a writer, I know that the desire to write on ''industrial sub- jects'"' has merely produced tons of bad novels. But only a few months ago the whole situation changed.

""To make you understand this change I had better recall the main phrases of Russian literature since the revolution. During the ''hungry years'"--the years of civil war and military Communism--when the world seemed to be coming to an end, the futurists reigned supreme. They claimed to hold the monopoly of the ''new,"' proletarian art; they soon found that the proletariat would have nothing to do with these épateurs de bourgeots.

""«The Nep period was marked by a fresh outburst of literary talent in Russia; but this new literature was not proletarian either. The best writers of that period were officially known as poputchiki--or ''fellow-travelers'--they mostly belonged to the intelligentsia, and were not Communists, tho most of them were, or pretended to be, in sympathy with the Soviet Revolution.

'** Among these men there were several writers of real talent.'"'

Masayroe a new class of writers, mainly Communist, had come into being, and of these we hear:

"Unlike the poputchiki, most of these young proletarian writers wrote in a simple, straightforward, tho often rather naive style.

""«They looked upon Tolstoy as their model.

"*With the beginning of the Five-Year Plan these proletarian writers gained enormously in influence. Their organization, the Rapp (The Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), claimed that they were the only ''orthodox'' Soviet writers; that they represented the true spirit of Soviet Russia, and it was they who proclaimed the famous doctrine that literature must henceforth serve the Five-Year Plan.

"""For a time the Rapp was encouraged ''from above,'' and it soon managed to capture most of the literary reviews and to monopolize literary criticism.

"<The Rapp critics, while exaggerating the merits of almost any writer belonging to their organization, were often grossly unfair to the poputchikt.

"Often, and without any apparent reason, they would brand the poputchtk books as ''antirevolutionary." The effects of this policy were not too good. The poputchiki, who included some of the most gifted Russian writers, tried--with only a few exceptions--to adapt themselves, as best they could, to the requirements laid down by the Rapp critics. Such attempts were not usually successful; both Pilnyak's ''Volga'"' and Leonov's ''Sot''--two novels on industrial subjects (they have both appeared in English)--compare very unfavorably with their earlier and more spontaneous writings.

'""But a few months ago an unexpected thing happened--it was a real literary coup d'état. The highest Soviet authorities realized that this could not go on; and, probably under the in- fluence of Gorki, they took the bold step of dissolving the Rapp and putting an end to its monopoly.

"*The overwhelming influence of the Rapp has, I admit, not been entirely fruitless. Many a writer who was indifferent to industrial subjects began to take an interest in them. Many of the older writers have been carried away by the ''new spirit''; all of them have learned the facts, and have closely observed the process.

""The members of the Rapp have now joined the Writers'

Union, which was until recently a poputchik organization. I believe it is all to the good; the ex-poputchiki and the proletarians will now influence and supplement each other; and I believe that the literature of to-morrow will be a happy synthesis between the dry realism and dogmatism of the proletarians and the high literary technique and imaginative gifts of the '"'Fellow- Travelers."' "Within a few years Russia may enter a new era of high literary achievement. The Soviet authorities have fortunately realized that literature can not be turned into a publicity agency."'

,

NOVEMBER 2°6 (2932

Girls in Uniform

FTER A SUCCESSFUL CAREER in the capitals of

Europe, an unusual movie is shown in New York ealled '' Maedchen in Uniform."

It may be unnecessary to translate the first word of the title into 'Maidens.'' The story concerns a girls' schoolin Prussia, and presents, as Arthur Ruhl describes it in the New York Herald Tribune, ''a kind of 'purity,' as we use the term in describing a singer's or a violinist's 'purity of tone' which seems to dis- engage it from the usual preoccupations about means and medium, above all things from showmanship, and to set it by itself as something approaching 'pure' art."

From his point of view it is a lesson for Hollywood:

"The story is about the loneliness of a young, motherless girl, placed by an aunt in a particularly stern and militarized sort of boarding-school, the quite natural, if somewhat unhealthy, 'erush' she gets for the one teacher who does a little something to befriend her; about her and the other girls, more or less similarly situated, lonely, hungry for tenderness, about the wist- fulness and bewilderment of adolescence--'d quoi révént les jeunes filles.'

"Tact and taste, as well as tenderness and imaginative under- standing, are essential, in any case, for such a theme--one ean fancy the field day that Hollywood might have made of it!--but in addition to this, the German authors had a background, including the connotations of the German speech itself, which was precisely what such 'soft' material needed.

"For the school--an actual old stone building, not a studio-set --is in Potsdam, with all that that connotes, and the girls are seen and heard against the old imperial avenues and towers and the blare of garrison bugles. Moreover, the head mistress, per- feetly played by Emilia Unda, is no mere fairy-tale ogress, but the convinced advocate of a certain philosophy of life, in whose hardness there is a certain nobility.

"The walls of misunderstanding against which Manuela and the other schoolgirls bruise their hearts is not, therefore--as it might have been, had the film originated in England or America --the mere narrowness of acidulous spinsters, but something approaching, in the circumstances, the dignity of fate.

"And throughout the picture we have, therefore, a dramatic contrast which recalls the peculiarly touching quality of military funerals, in which bugles, stiff salutes, discipline, the whole proud earthly show, only accents personal human sorrow and the aloof beauty of death."

ie Vanity Fair, Pare Lorentz writes a protest against a mis- apprehension of the theme appearing in some quarters:

"Tt is not a 'delicate treatment' of what in neo-Freudian days was called abnormal love, simply because in native journals the word delicate has long had a specific definition, i.e.: weasling. The treatment is as simple and straightforward as, for example, the treatment of 'What Price Glory'; the story moves surely to the anguished attempt at suicide; and the concise, lucid, English captions make the dialog--much of which would be unnecessary in any language--perfectly explicable.

"There is no doubt that the author intended to have Manuela's devotion transcend casual friendship; at least, there is no ques- tioning the director's intent. But that devotion is not equivocal; it is as sad and tender and as profoundly motivated as anything you can find in literature, and I can not imagine any one seeing the picture--except, of course, those who expect it to be enter- tainment as obvious as Minsky's--and still doubting the writer's knowing honesty.

'"'Wurthermore, the school itself is tightly dramatized. All the picayune but terribly important happenings of school life are there: the girl who is kept from the school play because she com- plained to her parents about the food; the sadistic stupid mem- bers of the faculty; the grim headmistress who answers complaints with 'We Prussians have always hungered!'--and the fact that she made these minute events vivid and important is indeed a tribute to the author's skill.

" Above and surrounding the extraordinary characterizations given by the young girls there is a strange tenderness which, like a wood-wind lament, carries through the entire picture a tender- ness which is not so much a lugubrious, Teutonic yearning after lost youth as it is the weary admission of one who realizes that,

ioe CLT hRARY ¢DI GEST 13

whatever the faults of the ancien régime, it is part of a past which was humbled finally in the loss of a war.

"It is an atmosphere you find in most post-war European literature, but one that particularly dominates German writings; and it accounts for the fact that in this movie, actresses, director, and even the children approached the author with perfect understanding."

Ouite perhaps to the success of the film, now running since September 21, and "'breaking all box-office records at the

As Luis Mora Sees Himself

Without palet and brush. A picture by Mr. Mora was reproduced fi on our cover of July 27, 1929.

Criterion Theater,"' as The Wall Street Journal reports, a play called ''Girls in Uniform,'' made from the same novel as the film, is announced for early production.

The Cover

ROM far Japan comes little Kazuko Kimura, the subject

of the cover. Drest in her native kimono, she is a study in color and charm. The little girl likes to wear American clothes, altho she thinks her Japanese clothes are prettier in a picture.

The artist, Dorothy Drew, portrait painter and muralist, was born in Ethel, Macon County, Missouri. On her mother's side she is a great-niece of the pioneer American sculptor, Joel T. Hart of Kentucky. Her father, the late Dr. Francis Webb Drew from Windsor, England, gave her her first instruction in anatomy and art. Later, she studied art at Soldan, St. Louis, Missouri. She then studied at the Art Students' League under George Bridgman and, finally, at the National Academy of Design.

BE. C. Sherburne, critic, writing in review of the 107th Annual Exhibition of the National Academy of Design, says, "'"John,' by Dorothy Drew, manifests a command of drawing and pictorial values that gives her painting a larger interest than often ob- tained in portraiture."

Miss Drew has painted and drawn many portraits which hang in homes here and abroad. She makes her home and has her studio in New York City.

RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE

Mrs. Buck's Plea for More Christian Missionaries

OUR ANCESTORS ARE IN HELL, and all of you who do not believe in Christ will go to hell, too. A missionary told his Chinese flock that--but he didn't frighten them into becoming Christians.

They couldn't believe that a people who had achieved civilization before Europe was out of its swaddling clothes could be the victims of any God's unending fury.

And Mrs. Pearl 8. Buck, who is Chinese born, who played with Chinese children, and who lived within sound of a Buddhist temple bell, doesn't believe it, either. She doesn't believe many things the missionaries teach and preach about God. She is wearied by all their preaching--, ; preaching without works. 3

A handsome, kindly-faced woman, with dark blue eyes that showed fire behind, and dark brown hair carry- ing a glint of gold, she rather startled some 1,200 Presbyterian gathered recently in the Hotel Astor, New York, when she indicted many moral

women

ignorance, of race, and lack

missionaries for arrogance, pride of simple charity. But the author of '"'The Good Earth," for which she won the Pulitzer Prize for 1932,-and of other . novels of Chinese life which' have, \\\ \< | added to her fame, still believes-in "7 * missions--of a kind. Born in China, the daughter of American sionaries whose families lived in Virginia and West Virginia, the wife of a missionary, Dr.J. Lossing Buck, and a missionary herself, both being members of the faculty of Nanking University, she makes out a good ease for continuing missionary work in the land of her birth. But, she insists, itmust be the best or nothing.

mis-

M ; ; author of RS. BUCK'S conclusions are very

similar to those of the Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry, reviewed in these pages October 22 and November 12.

She does not feel that the Chinese are antiforeign, and they do not want foreign missions withdrawn, she says. Their chief objection to the missionary's work is that ''it is often linked with a narrow and superstitious form of religion, and this the in- telhgent Chinese is loath to see fastened upon his people, even tho it be accompanied with a few hospitals and schools, some flood relief, and such good works."' They have a distinct religious feeling, but revolt from superstition in any religion. ''One must remember," she says, ''that in recent years the local religious persecutions in China have not been against Christianity alone, but against all religions."'

Next to the Chinese among whom she has lived, says Mrs. Buck, she knows no group of people better than the missionary, whom she has watched with mingled feelings of curiosity and

affection, amusement, pride, and disgust. As she recites:

"T have heard him eriticized in the bitterest terms, and I have sometimes agreed with that criticism.

"I have seen the missionary narrow, uncharitable, unapprecia- tive, ignorant. I have seen him so filled with arrogance in his own beliefs, so sure that all truth was with him and him only, 14

'Preach to Us No More"'

"But share with us that better and more abundant

life which your Christ lived," Buck to missionary societies. "The Good Earth" higher type of missionary to go to China.

that my heart has knelt with a humbler one before the shrine of Buddha rather than before the God of that missionary, if that God could be true.

'*T have seen missionaries, orthodox missionaries in good stand- ing in the Church--abominable phrase--so lacking in sympathy for the people they were supposed to be saving, so scornful of any civilization except their own, so harsh in their judgments upon each other, so coarse and insensitive among a sensitive and culti- vated people, that my heart has fairly bled with shame.

''T can never have done with my apologies to the Chinese people that in the name of a gentle Christ we have sent such people to them. It is too true. We have sent ignorant people as missionaries, we have sent mediocre people, we have sent arro- gant people, we have sent supersti- tious people who taught superstitious creeds and theories, and have made the lives of hungry-hearted pecple wretched and more sad.

''T have heard a missionary say, 'Of course I tell these people their ancestors are in hell. If I did not believe that every heathen who did not confess Christ as his Savior burned in hell, I would not be here.' There are still these missionaries. I have heard a questioning Chinese, a man of learning and _ refinement, listen eagerly and turn away, saying, 'IT can not, if this be' true, believe in this new religion. Let me rather go with my fathers where they are when I die.'

"My heart said, friend.'"'

l alsonmanyg

4 missionaries are the cast- offs of the churches, in the opinion of this vibrant young woman, and she bitterly censures the missionary societies for sending them to the foreign field.

"Preachers who would have bored you beyond endurance," she says, ""vou sent cheerfully to the foreign fields; young men and women just out of college, who knew nothing, and did not even know they knew nothing, you sent to a people centuries old.'' She used to blame the missionaries; but not any more.

'"How dared you send us so many of these little men and women?' she demands. "'How dared you set them up to stand for your God, for Jesus Christ, before the world? It is a com- ment significant enough," she says, "that many of the mis- sionaries of above the average ability and personality have sooner or later been driven out of the work. Questioned, they usually reply, 'It was impossible for me to do my work in that atmosphere.' You are they who keep the missionaries in terror over their statistics of church members, so that numbers come to mean to them the sole criterion whereby they judge their success."'

But missions must be judged by all, not by some, of their fruits, and there were those whom Mrs. Buck ''admired and loved who were perfectly satisfied with Christ, even tho the magic of superstition had been stript from Him. There was a quality in them," she says, ''I wanted for myself, a content I needed for my own heart.'

says Mrs. Pearl S. The Chinese-born is appealing for a

Yes, let me be just; in even those I did not admire there was a quality of sincerity in so far as they could understand, and there were morality, honesty, and simple virtues, but priceless.

NOME MBER 32165. 21-9.3:2

I came to see there were more really good people among the Christian group than in any other, whatever their other failings. Wherever there was a sincere Christian I might find, it is true, a stupid man or an insensitive or an ignorant man, or even an arrogant man, but I found a good man in the accepted sense of the word. Here was something. It is much that a man is honest, sincere in what he believes, morally decent."

So. for all their shortcomings, Mrs. Buck would not see the missionaries withdrawn from China, and for all that the mis- sionaries have preached about Him, she would not have the figure of Christ pass from the earth. She believes that the whole organization of foreign missions needs intelligent study, and it is probable, in the light of such study, she says, that the basis of organization must be changed.

"We must realize, we Chris- tians,'' she says, '' that we have searcely begun our work in foreign lands. Christ has not become a part of the Chinese life. We can have no assurance that if we withdrew from China to-day there would be any more permanent record left of our religious presence there these hundred and fifty years than there is left of the old Nestorian Church, a wind- blown, obliterated tablet upon a desert land."

The reason for this is that "we have gone as a group of professional Christians, paid by an organization foreign to the country. We have been hopelessly handicapped by our professionalism, just as the average minister is handicapped anywhere. We have fastened upon ourselves the stigma of rice Christians, altho there are many to whom it is unjustly applied. But there is so much truth in it that it must be a consideration in any appraisal of the Christian groups."

A DIFFERENT approach is needed. The missionary must go to fill a need, not to represent a creed. This, of course, changes the whole basis of missions, says Mrs. Buck:

"Tt shifts the emphasis from preaching to a people to sharing a life with them, the best life we know. It seems to me this is the only possible basis for missions. It removes from us the insuffer- able stigma of moral arrogance, and it gives us besides a test of our own worth. Before we can share anything with benefit, we must have tried it ourselves.

'' Above all, I say, then, let the spirit of Christ be manifested by mode of life rather than by preaching.

"JT am wearied unto death with this preaching. It deadens all thought, it confuses all issues, it is producing, in China at least, an order of hypocrites, and in the theological seminaries a body of Chinese ministers which makes one despair for the future, because they are learning how to preach about Chris- tianity rather than how to live the Christian life.

"'T have stood here to-day speaking as one of your race and country, identifying myself also with the group you have sent as representatives of your religion to another land.

''But there is a part of me that is neither of these. By birth and ancestry I am an American, by choice and belief I am a Christian, but by the years of my life, by sympathy and feeling, I am Chinese. As a Chinese, I say to you what many Chinese have said to me:

"Come to us no more in arrogance of spirit. Come to us as brothers and fellow men. Let us see in you how your religion works. Preach to us no more. But share with us that better and - more abundant life which your Christ lived. Give us your best or nothing.'"

PiewldT ERARY (DIGEST

Thankful for What? By Edna Jaques

N° for the mighty world, O Lord, tonight, Nations and kingdoms in their fearful might-- Let me be glad the kettle gently sings, Let me be thankful just for little things.

Thankful for simple food and supper spread, Thankful for shelter and a warm, clean bed, For little joyful feet that gladly run To welcome me, when all my work is done.

Thankful for friends who share my woe or mirth, Glad for the warm, sweet fragrance of the earth, For golden pools of sunshine on the floor, For love that sheds its peace about my door.

For little friendly days that slip away,

With only meals and bed and work and play, A rocking-chair and kindly firelight--

For little things let me be glad tonight.

--Good Housekeeping, New York.

15

ND THEY LIVED HAPPILY Ey ata THRs: eae

Training for Marriage...

co

COR . Yor To say it now would Bé<e large percentage of the marriages pey if rifigd in the United Grates, statistics show, are destined to endl on th Rs) Sépposedly trained in school and college for th AM flities of citizen- ship, young men and women enter Wpon the most fundamen relationship of human society with prar brine at NIT.

'

up The love they thought perennial is found 'tabe a fravilo sewer.

A shorter and easier road to the divorce court or a longer and more difficult road to the altar have been proposed, the one as a cure, the other as a preven- tive. But the judge still keeps pace with the minister--so many marriages, so many divorces, and, of course, so many children of divided alle- giance or of no allegiance at all.

Why not a marriage course? The Institute of Family Rela- tions in New York, which was . incorporated June 4, 1931, is trying to meet the issue, we read, by providing consultation, instruction, and advice on marriage and family problems. Its functions, related in the New York Sun, are outlined as: Promotion of happy marriages and successful parentage, pre- vention of unfit by premarital physical and mental examinations, instruction to correct all misinformation, con- sultation through a staff of experts, and correction of maladjustments.

In 'a conference of members of the Institute, participated in by Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish clergymen, the Rev. C. Rankin Barnes, executive secretary of the department of Christian Social Service of the Episcopal Church, said, ''all too often we have tried to prevent the break-up when it is too late. We have arrived after the lawyer. The time to begin is when the family first has a need, whether it be for an economist or fora physician. The call is no longer for a general conference, but for individual case work."

unions

As an example of what may be done, it is pointed out that information on marriage and family life is given to prospective brides and bridegrooms of the Episcopal Church in accordance with a new Episcopal canon.

The task is primarily the minister's duty, says Dr. Sidney E. Goldstein, associate rabbi of the Free Synagog of New York. In an address before the Institute he says that ''the minister, more than any other man, should feel himself responsible for the reorganization of the family on a safe and secure foundation. But the difficulty is that the ministers themselves are not only unprepared to instruct young men and women, but also seem to be unaware of their own obligation."

Marriage, says Dr. Goldstein, has ethical implications of which the civil contract is unaware, ''and it is these ethical impli- cations that the minister must place first in the performance of every ceremony."

But the Nashville Tennessean thinks the minister is busy enough as it is. What with the preparation of his sermons, calling on the sick, attending to his personal charities, officiating at

tically no traibirig at alls

"4

*

dancing, indeed, <4 you cue -

16 TA EGET ERA DIGEST

marriages, funerals, and baptisms, etc., he hasn't much time left for other duties.

The burden, thinks The Tennessean, must eventually fall upon the schools, ''and not until they have assumed that burden and have put into practise a thorough program of sex education can they say they have prepared our young people for the noblest duties it will be their lot to perform, that of bringing healthy, normal children into the world, and of being healthy, normal parents to them."

As for the ministers. they, says The Tennessean, ''can render valuable service by attacking the shams and hypocrisy which have made it difficult for the schools even to contemplate the inauguration of such a plan."

A Hindu's Warning to Western Women

HATEVER YOU DO, girls of the West, don't accept Hinduism and take a Hindu for a husband. Hinduism is no substitute for Christianity, and marriage to a Hindu has many disadvantages.

This well-meant advice comes from Pundit Bhagat Ram, "'a 'friend of animals," and appears in the New York Christian Advocate (Methodist).

'"We who have been brought up in Hinduism and live and have our being in Hinduism," he says, ''have often pondered over the question why American and English ladies are now and then turning Hindus and renouncing Christianity. We can not understand why Christian women can accept Hinduism--the Hinduism which practises child marriage, enforced widowhood, untouchability, and a double standard of morality for men and women--such a system can hardly contain more spirituality than Christianity.'

The pundit's article came to The Christian. Advocate from the Rey. Fred M. Perrill, editor of The Indian Witness, Lucknow. Mr. Perrill observes that Gandhi has attracted many Western women as disciples, and that there is a strong appeal to them to look upon Hinduism as a great source of spirituality.

Waar Pundit Bhagat Ram says in this regard, Mr. Perrill thinks, is very well taken. The pundit is not a Christian but a Hindu reformer who, according to the teachings of his religion, advocates the protection of all animal life. He has also been active in urging that women and girls in India be protected. "Tf any Western sister is bent upon a Hindu marriage," writes the pundit, ''let it be a civil marriage, not according to the Hindu rites, so that in the future there may be some way of escape." Western women, he says, never hear of Hindu laws:

"They little realize that Hinduism is an aristocracy; that it is polytheistic, dogmatic, bigoted; that it is antagonistic to the poor classes, and opposed to social reform. ,

"They know nothing of the deserted Hindu wives, the prejudice against girls, deprivation of women practically from any inheritance--such facts as these are never presented to foreign audiences.

"The West knows little of the real facts of thought and life which face millions of our less fortunate Hindu sisters every day of their lives under the garb of usage and customs.

"If Western ladies come to help Hindu sisters to overthrow these evils, and gain for Indian women and Untouchables their just rights as human beings, then their coming is blest. Other- wise, their coming will be of little service to their less fortunate fellow men and women, and is not likely to attain any higher end than to satisfy their own selfish desires or mere curiosity."

Referring to an American woman who had taken the vow of voluntary poverty in Hinduism, the pundit inquires whether an American or English woman has ever taken the voluntary vow of poverty in a ''crusade to remove from Hinduism the woes of child marriage, deserted Hindu wives {a Hindu may desert his

NOVE MiB BRES2ZI64 shoe?

wife and may marry many others, but the abandoned wife remains bound by her marriage ties until death], and untouch- ability, or the cruelty of marrying young girls to aged, decrepit men, or polygamy, or the antipathy toward children":

"Or, has any one ever taken a vow of voluntary poverty in a crusade against, or as a protest against, the custom of selling and purchasing young brides?

''Or, has any one ever taken such a step in protest against the pernicious double standard of morality in Hinduism, giving great laxity for the male, but the most strict and rigid standard for women?

''Has any one ever taken such a step as a protest against the treatment of the deprest classes, and initiated a crusade to give them their elementary rights as human beings and citizens of this our native land?

''Has any one ever taken a vow to uplift and teach the poor ignorant. village women something of the elementary facts of sanitation and hygiene, and training of children?"

Sas spirituality as is found among Hindus is not due to the Hindu religion, says Pundit Bhagat Ram, but is in spite of the teachings of Hindu philosophy. So his prayer that others may be saved from Hinduism:

'""We who have been born and raised in Hinduism, and who know from bitter experience what it means for the poor, the opprest, and the weaker sex, can desire nothing better for our sisters in Western lands than that they may be saved from the sad experiences which have fallen to our lot in Hinduism. Should any American or English lady be saved from taking such a fatal step by this leaflet, our purpose in writing it will be fulfilled."

Prayer Going to the Dogs

EYNARD HAS MOST OF THE ODDS against him as it is when the pack is out, and for the huntsmen to ask God to help the hounds seems like robbing him

of even a sporting chance for his life.

A Maryland fox had this experience recently, when one of the Episcopal clergy in Washington called down the divine blessing on a pack of hounds ready for the chase. It's an old English custom, but it doesn't get much sympathy from the Baltimore Sun:

"You have some thirty hounds, backed up by mounted gentry in pink coats and bowler hats, all in pursuit of one fox. Yet it is considered sporting to add to this advantage a divine blessing upon the hounds, when strict equality would seem to demand that the fox should be blest by nothing less than a Bishop and full choir.

"It is said in defense of the present custom that the fox gets so much fun out of being hunted, and is so often successful in making idiots out of the pack by going to ground just when everybody is yelling 'Tallyho!' that to bless him as well as the hounds would make kills so rare that the hunting set would take up golf.

"Nevertheless, we instinctively feel that the fox should get at least an honorable mention in the service, if only because of his indispensability as an excuse for gentlemen to wear Sherlock Holmes caps while on horseback, and for ladies to stick pins through perfectly good high hats."

Wrira which sentiments the Baltimore Southern Methodist fully agrees. Methodist preachers, it observes, have done many things they ought not to have done, and have left undone those things which they ought to have done:

"They have married couples in circus-rings, in airplanes, on the theatrical stage, in swimming-pools, and at food-shows; they have conducted mock funerals and mock weddings, and have violated all the canons of good taste in forty-eleven different ways --we even saw one take his own baby in his arms at the con- clusion of a funeral once and so lead the procession out to the hearse--all these things we have done and more, too, but henee- forth let no ecclesiastic high-hat us--at least we have never stood before a photographer while we asked the blessing of Almighty God on a pack of yelping foxhounds."

SCIENCE AND INVENTION Tricks of the Firebug

oC OW DID IT START?" he asked.

"You know, because you did it,' was the reply. "What do you mean?'? demanded the owner. 'That fire

happened this morning, and I've been out of town since yesterday afternoon."

"Tl tell you," replied the investigator. What he said is thus -reported in Popular Mechanics (Chicago) :

"*This morning you were out playing golf, and at eleven o'clock you went to the club- house to make a phone eall. You called your store, and as no one was there, you listened until the bell had rung fourteen times. Then you hung up and re- sumed your game.

"<The bell-clapper of the phone in your office was tied down with a weak string that you had learned would break on fourteen rings. Just before you hung up, the clapper broke loose and struck a nail that discharged a blank cartridge that you had fastened in a wooden block. The flare from the cartridge ignited five gallons of gasoline in a glass bottle, the bottle broke under the heat, and the flaming gasoline spread over the floor and burned up your insured merchandise. Come along with me.'

"This really happened. Professional firebugs and their amateur imitators have developed new and inge- nious ways of creating fires in the last few years. But members of an arson squad to-day can ransack the charred timbers of a fire and tell youif it is an arson case, the sex and nationality of the criminal, the method used to start the fire, and the minute of its inception."'

Courtesy of Popular Mechanics (Chicago)

Caught in Time

Two obvious firebug devices that didn't work.

Pac T. worn, chief of the fire-investigation bureau in Los Angeles, who is turning arson-detection into an exact science, records some amazing cases. He says:

"Recently a fire occurred in a building ten months after the owner had locked it up and left for Europe. His timing-device went off almost at the hour he had calculated. More recently still, a firebug was able to burn down a house he had never been near simply by driving down the adjoining street.

"Ten years ago, mechanical contrivances such as clock- works were frequently used to start fires, but the twisted bits of metal remaining were so hard to explain away, that incendiaries have adopted more subtle methods. Inflammable liquids, gases, chemicals, and electricity, coupled with starting devices that practically disintegrate in the flames, are the latest tools of the professional 'torch.' The arson-squad has only one weapon, the microscope, but this is proving to be more than a match for the criminal. The microscope is a practically infallible instrument of detection.

"*T'l] show you how easy it is,' says Mr. Wolfe. 'When I go out to investigate a suspicious fire, I first locate the spot where the fire started. You can do this by tracing the cross-checks on the burned wood. When wood burns normally, the cross-checks on the charcoal have a definite size, but the checks are finer and

closer together if some material that burns with a hotter flame than wood is present. Every combustible liquid leaves its own telltale marks on the wood.

""A typical trick in the past was to carry heavy insurance on a stock of expensive goods,' says Mr. Wolfe. 'Then the firebug would move the goods out, substitute shoddy material in their place, and start a fire. In that way he could obtain the insur- ance money and still own the goods. But the microscope enables us to differentiate between the burned hair and skin of an expensive fur and its charred counterfeit.'

"The whole art of arson detection is based on the fact that practically every material burns at a dif- ferent temperature. A gasoline flame, for instance, burns at 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit, while burning sugar creates a temperature of only 700 degrees. Hach in- dividual flame temperature leaves different microscopic marks on burned wood and on the remains of other burned materials.

"This knowledge has given the arson-squad a direct lead on the firebugs who employ chemicals to start a fire or to spread the flames. Hach chemical leaves its own characteristic mark long after the fire has been extinguished. Even when a gas is used, its identity may be determined.

"As a result, 85 per cent. of arson suspects in Los Angeles in the last few years have been con- victed."'

Ape That Outclassed a Baby

N ape brought up

with a child in a

human family is superior

to her human "brother"

in a number of mental tests and experiments.

The psychologist who

performed the experiment,

Dr. W. N. Kellogg, declared

S this before a meeting of the Amer-

ican Psychological Association in

Ithaca, New York. Says Marjorie Van

de Water in a wire report of Science Service

(Washington) :

'"Motion-pictures were shown by Dr. Kellogg, professor at Indiana University, of an infant chimpanzee and human baby learning to untie knots and performing other tests of their mental development. The two had been brought up - together for nine months.

"The ape learned more rapidly, remembered longer, and for the first five months responded to more words than the boy, Dr. Kellogg said. The superiority of the ape was probably due in large measure to her strictly human environment, he believes.

''Other experiments, however, reported to the same meeting by Dr. Louis W. Gellermann, of Yale University, indicate that infants and apes do differ in reasoning ability even at that early age.

"One of the tests he gave in identical fashion to two babies and two chimpanzees was to distinguish between a triangle and a square in order to secure food. Human babies have greater ability to catch on to the relationship between the correct food box and the shape of the marker placed above it, Dr. Geller- mann found.

"The chatter of the babies as they puzzled over the boxes showed that they learn not alone by trial and error, but by think- ing out the problem in words. This superior ability to 'verbalize' distinguishes the mentality of humans from that of apes, Dr. Gellermann indicated."

17

18 Toe LITERAR YAO Grew

Dangerous and Wasteful Hot- Water Systems

c¢ LOWING OFF STEAM," to relieve boiler pressure, is terribly wasteful. Why burn coal just to heat the surrounding atmos- phere and use up your feed-water?

Temperature-control is now replacing pressure-relief as the modern method of reducing the hazards of overheating in all hot-water systems.

A special committee of the Hackensack (N. J.) Water Com- pany has been such installations in northern Hudson and Bergen counties.

Experience and common sense tell us that here is an outstand-

investigating

ing instance where an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of

Photograph by Halbran

"Not a Fool Idea''--A Grass Roof

cure, says Harrison R. Cady, mechanical engineer of the com- pany. He goes on:

'""There is no reason for wasting fuel and creating a hazard by overheating water and then depending upon a neglected and too-often improperly adjusted pressure-relief-valve to safeguard the plumbing and, often, the very structure itself as well as those who dwell in it.

"The problem is not a new one, and for years the best minds in the plumbing and heating business have been evolving pro- tective devices. The result is that there are in general use many automatic water-heating systems which leave little or nothing to be desired in furnishing safe and adequate service. These are to be discust by the committee at a later date.

"More important are the thousands of installations which are operated under varying human control, and which are not prop- erly or safely assembled. They may be divided into three classes:

"1. Non-automatic gas heater: The danger in this system of water-heating lies in leaving the burner lighted too long while no hot water is being drawn. If such systems are of the closed type and have no safety-valve, they are extremely dangerous. If they are open systems, the expanding hot water will be forced into the street pipes through the water-meter, ruining its working parts and entailing considerable expense.

"2. Separate coal- or oil-burning hot-water-supply boilers: Such fires are open to the same objection as the hand-controlled gas heater. They cause the same trouble if neglected or forgotten.

"3. Water-heating coils or similar heating devices, placed in fire- boxes of house-heating furnaces or boilers: The varieties of these are endless; often they are designed and installed by an inex- perienced plumber or by the householder. The dangers arise from having the coil too large or improperly located, or from having a hot fire in the furnace. The latter may happen through carelessness, or, in the case of an automatic furnace, from very

NOV EMIBE Rawion ato ee

cold weather or an open window in the room where the thermo- stat is located. So many factors present risks in such installa- tions that some form of temperature-controlled relief-valve should be insisted upon.

"Tt is recognized that old or improperly assembled hot-water plumbing installations will not, in all likelihood, be overhauled or replaced in a period of hard times. :

"The problem, therefore, is that of finding a safe and inex- pensive device which can be applied to any present installation. It should be operated by the water temperature at no higher than 160 degrees in the piping, either by cutting off the fuel supply, such as gas, or, if this is not possible, then to make any closed system into an open system which wil] be safeguarded against when the water reaches 160 degrees, and not wait until steam is being generated at temperatures of from 265 degrees up. The committee is now testing such devices."

A Roof That Needs a Lawn-

Mower

T'S A FOOL IDEA,.say farmers out in Nassau County. But Louis Kofoed, placidly living under his grass- grown roof, smiles at their remarks. He says: '""A grass roof is not a fool idea, just a new idea in this part of the world. In Denmark, where I come from, there are many

such roofs.' We read further in the New York American:

''Kofoed is an architect. He is an authority on roofs, and of them all he has chosen for himself this roof of grass--grass grow- ing on eight inches of sod laid on a waterproof foundation. He explained:

"""Tt keeps rooms directly under the roof cool in summer and warm in winter. It saves space and money by eliminating the necessity for attics.'

''Kofoed's wife pointed out another advantage:

"Tt is a pretty roof. The green looks fine against the red brick walls in summer, and the dried brown grass looks nice in win- ter, too.'

""Mrs. Kofoed sees nothing novel in the idea, for she, too, is from Denmark--Copenhagen.

""Kofoed tends to the lawn on his roof as he does the lawn in his yard. He waters it with a special sprinkling system, and he cuts it with a small lawn-mower.

"In Denmark, Kofoed says, it would not be necessary to cut the grass, explaining:

"The goats eat the grass and keep it cut down in that way. The houses there are often built against the mountain-side, so that the goat has simply to step down off the mountain and onto the roof.' "'

Closing Schools to Fight Scarlet-Fever VERY poor plan, according to the Illinois health au-

A thorities.

Sending the children home, suspending the teachers, and lock- ing the schoolhouse doors in an attempt to suppress local epi- demics is wasteful and unscientific. Says The Illinois Health Messenger (Springfield) :

""A less effective method of combating an epidemic of scarlet- fever could scarcely be devised. For one thing, less than one- third of the children of school age are susceptible to scarlet-fever, so that a large majority of school children will not get it even if exposed. In the second place, children in school can be reached and control measures applied much more easily and effectively than when schools are closed. Third, closing of the schools loses whatever merit it might otherwise have, unless theaters, churches, and all other social gatherings, including sand-lot ball games, are likewise prohibited so far as children are concerned. Fourth, unless the milk sold in the community is all pasteurized, a very prolific means of spreading scarlet-fever is left open.

'The most effective, economical, and scientifically sound way of managing the schools in the face of an epidemic of scarlet- fever is based upon the following facts and observations:

'1. Susceptibility to searlet-fever can be determined by a test.

"2. The susceptible rate is higher among children of the pri- mary than of the upper grades.

see

3. Spread of scarlet-fever can be controlled by vaccination and by quarantine. %

'4. Pasteurization prevents milk from spreading scarlet-fever."'

NOVEMBER 26,

VvOso.

Tere) TERARY! DIGEST

A Fortress of Health --

A 1 oat Medio Cae m ess Dorks City

N peace-time as well as in war- time a hospital is a fortress of health.

Our fine, modern hospitals are

the richest storehouses in the world of medical knowledge and skill. They are health centers which guard the people of their communities.

While your hospital is nursing the sick and the injured, its laboratories are finding new ways to protect your health. As a result of medical research in hospi- tals, many diseases are disappearing.

Modern surgery, aided by skilful nursing in hospitals, restores to health tens of thousands each year.

In the past, people generally have thought of hospitals merely as the best places to which they could go in case of accident or when an operation was un- avoidable. Today people are rapidly beginning to realize that the hospital is the best place in which to be in event of any serious illness.

RA Me,

LIG,, es

/V\N

"i we

No home, no matter how comfortable, is so well equipped to furnish the many forms of service--any one of which may be needed instantly and imperatively-- as a properly conducted hospital.

People unfamiliar with the wide scope of hospital work think only of the pa- tients in hospital beds. One great hos- pital in New York City treats in its clinics an average of 1400 visiting pa- ticents"each' day. | Ihe hospital' of the future will play an even greater part in caring for the health of the people. It will be a medical center which radiates health protection.

National, State and County hospitals are supported by taxation. A few pri- vate hospitals and sanatoria are ona self- supporting basis. But the great majority of private hospitals are dependent upon endowments and sustaining contribu- tions for bare necessities--proper equip- ment and needed surgical, medical and nursing staffs.

Appreciate Your Local Hospital.

MELROPOLITAN. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

FREDERICK H. ECKER, PRESIDENT ONE MADISON AVE., NEW YORK, N. Y.

--~* © 1932 M.L.1. co.

20 THE: LITE RUA YT DEG Er,

California's Plan for Lower

Doctors' Bills

ALIFORNIA PUTS FORTH A CLAIM that it has Solved the problem of high cost of illness.

A plan sponsored by the State Medical Association assures, so we are told, complete medical care and hospitalization to persons of moderate means.

Differing from anything hitherto attempted, payment for iliness will be handled through county medical societies, co- operating with local hospitals.

The middleman's profit is cut out, together with the expense of maintaining separate insurance organizations so that service can be rendered for a nominal amount. Says Dr. G. P. Porter of the State Health Department, in a news release:

"The beneficiary would select his own physician from the

Copyright, International

The Two Heads Have Different |deas Sometimes

membership of the county medical society. Every physician in good standing is eligible to: membership. The medical care would cover all types of disease and injury.

"The patient also would select his own hospital from a list of those cooperating with the society. The hospital service would include laboratory, X-ray, drugs, dressings, operating-room, and floor-nursing, and would cover all except contagious diseases.

"The plan originated with Dr. John H. Graves, president of the California' Board of Public Health. He drew up the plan, and the State Council has endorsed it and is presenting it to the various county medical societies. Each society that undertakes it will fix its own rates, and designate the maximum income it regards as constituting 'moderate means.' Persons with larger incomes will not be eligible for the service."

In outlining the plan, Dr. Graves said:

'At the outset, all profits that would go to agencies, insurance companies, promoters, etc., are abolished. The medical profes- sion will offer professional: service to people whose income for the past year is below a certain fixt sum, for any and all types of disease and injury, where the individual is not protected under the Workmen's Compensation Act. The payments would be on a fixt annual, semiannual, or quarterly basis.

"Each county medical unit will operate as a partnership, and the division of moneys received will be on a unit basis--a fixt amount for each type of service. Such a plan definitely answers critics who claim that we are not interested in cooperative efforts of a social nature.

"To further assist persons of moderate means in meeting the expense of illness, separate and distinct from doctors' services, the partnership of the county medical society can promote a plan for hospitalization among the hospitals of their respective communities. The hospitals would form a cooperative organiza- tion offering to the public for an annual, semiannual, or quar- terly fee, accommodations and service for all non-contazious diseases, and all injuries where persons are not covered under the Workmen's Compensation Act, for periods of one, two, and three months' duration.

N'OWV-E MBE Bi 226" 2199302

'"'Rates for children and dependents, and arrangements for obstetrical service are simple matters of detail, easily settled.

"Such a plan preserves inviolate the relation of physician and patient, and distributes the cost of illness as efficiently as any insurance system. It is claimed by those who have been inter- ested in the problem that this is the first logical solution of the question of how to place in the hands of people of moderate circumstances an easy and practical method of securing all the advantages of modern scientific medicine and surgical aid for themselves and their dependents at a cost so reasonable that it can be secured without financial hardship."

A Two-Headed Turtle

TWO-HEADED TURTLE was recently taken to the research laboratory of the General Electric Company by F. B. Cliffe, chief statistician of the company,

whose nine-year-old daughter found it near a small lake at Schenectady.

The turtle, of the snapping variety, was born September 24, along with more than a dozen normal brothers and sisters. Says Guy Bartlett of the company's News Bureau in a press bulletin:

"Tt was taken to the laboratory so that X-ray photographs could be obtained of the unusual reptile, and because turtles are a particular hobby of Dr. W. R. Whitney, director of the labora- tory. The radiographs revealed that the turtle has a division in its spinal column, so that its two heads terminate the ends of a Y spine. Whether the turtle has two mouths to feed one stomach is yet to be determined, but it is considered probable that such is the case; as yet the turtle has not been seen to feed.

"The freak's two heads, four legs, and tail are normal in appearance, but its shell is wider than usual, humped in the middle, slightly pointed on the front end, and indented over the tail. The two heads behave normally, and it is apparent that they react independently. Each seems to control the two legs on its side of the body, for at times the turtle attempts to travel in different directions at the same time. At other times one head may be under water while the other is above, or the turtle may be sleeping with one head while wide awake on the other side. The right-hand head is slightly larger than the other, but it has not been noticed that either predominatés in reaching decisions.

"Ordinarily, a turtle walks with alternate leg motions--the front right and rear left legs move forward together. The two- headed turtle has been seen to walk this way some of the time, but more frequently and with more success it progresses by moving its front legs forward at the same time."

Clean Out Your Pockets

NDICTED as the dirtiest and most germ-laden parts of human clothing, pockets in clothes are condemned by Dr. Perey Edgelow, of London, England, who advocates abolition of all present pockets in favor of removable ones, which he has invented, and which can be taken out of any garment daily or weekly and washed like a shirt or a handkerchief.. Says Dr. E. E. Free, in his Week's Science (New York):

"That pockets really are intolerable germ-spreaders is agreed by experts on sanitation.

'All kinds of things are put into them--germ-laden handker- chiefs, coins, or paper money (the previous possessors of which are unknown and often unclean), dirty articles picked up on the street or elsewhere, candy or other materials providing excellent food for germs, and many others.

'Pockets almost never are turned out to be cleaned, or so that sun or air can get at them. Fastidious people, who never dream of carrying a dirty handkerchief or of wearing any article of clothing after it is soiled, may go around for weeks or months in clothing, the unseen pockets of which are literally filthy.

"Dr. Edgelow's removable pockets, advocated to remedy this condition, are small cloth sacks shaped exactly like ordinary pockets, but attached to the garment only by a series of loops and slots in the edge of the pocket and the edge of the garment where the pocket is to fit

"A tape is laced conveniently through these loops and slits so that the attached pocket looks and feels exactly like an ordi- nary one. The tapes, nevertheless, can be removed in an instant, the old pocket taken out for washing or disinfection, and a new and clean one attached.' i

NOVEMBER 26,

rc

) 9s

KIN SUFFERERS, here's an ex- tremely typical example of how fresh yeast acts to correct bad skin.

This case is one of many from the records of Dr. Julio Bravo, impor- tant member of the Spanish Acad- emy of Dermatology. Jn his words:

'*Tast year an actress came to consult me with a stubborn skin disorder of the face. She told me she had tried all sorts of remedies without result.

** As the patient was chronically consti- pated, I advised yeast...three times a day.

'In a very short time her condition improved and the skin eruptions were arrested. I have seen this patient fre- quently since. She confesses that yeast has corrected herconstipation and greatly benefited her health."'

There's no magic about fresh yeast. It simply has remarkable powers to stim- ulate, "tone" and cleanse the entire system... ridding it in a natural way of the poisons that lead to complexion

are HER AR Ys Dil G ES T.

DR. BRAVO, the noted skin specialist, says, "Then I prescribed yeast

blemishes, poor digestion, headaches

*K 99

--'"'run-down"' health.

And as you eat it the first result you

notice is better elimination. That's be- cause yeast actually strengthens your intestines, at the same time softening the wastes in your body so they can be

more easily cleared away.

Won't you try it? Grocers, restau- rants and soda fountains have Fleisch-

manns Yeast. Eat threecakes a day--one before each meal, or between meals and at bed- time--just plain, or in water (about a third of a glass).

For free booklet on Yeast for Health, write Dept. Y-DD-26, Standard Brands Inc., 691 Washington St., N. Y.C.

Dr. Hynek, noted authority of the University of Bratislava, states: "Fresh yeast is univer- sally recommended by doctors for ... skin troubles... arising from putrefaction in the intestines."

Sean - nd *+IMPORTANT

Fleischmann's Yeast for health comes only in the foil-wrapped cake with the yellow label. It's yeast in its fresh, effective form--rich in vitamins B, G and D--the kind famous doctors advise.

(Above) 'MY OWN DOCTOR ad- vised Fleischmann's Yeast to clear the impurities from my sys- tem,'' writes Miss Emily O'Brien of Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

"T was suffering from indiges- tion--felt miserable--was slug- gish--and began to have eruptions on my face. I was horrified . . .

"After eating yeast ten days I had no more indigestion. No head- aches. And I could hardly believe it as my complexion began to clear. My experience bears out what doctors say about yeast."'

Copyright, 1932, Standard Brands Incorporated

=

PERSONAL

GLIMPSES

An Invitation to a German Riot

4 O-MORROW MORNING AT ELEVEN SHARP" was the appointed hour. ''But you must be on time, for all our riots be- gin promptly."

The inviter was welcoming an old friend who had returned to the University of Berlin after an absence of sixteen months. Twas at the university that the riot was to be held ''at eleven sharp," and the inviter's enthusiasm found expression in the remark:

"You couldn' t have arrived at a better moment!"

The recipient of this warm token of hospitality was James G. Simonds, who now tells the story in The Review of Reviews and World's Work.

Germany to-day, he remarks at the outset, is acountry where everybody riots and all disorder oceurs punctually."

Reomentep vl10- lence, mutiny by the drill-manual, insur- rection with the goose - step -- these are some of the paradoxical fancies evoked by Mr. Simonds's account of a riot in the University of Berlin--and such a riot, he tells us, ''is one of the most worth-while sights in the Reich,"' for ''in miniature the whole political situation of the country, the position of each party, the passion of all groups, is faithfully presented." Moreover:

Acme

Everybody is young, so there is not even the presence of age and authority to inspire respect. As for fear or reverence for law, what is one more free-for-all when your whole country is continually breaking out into violence? Therefore, university riots oceur with utmost regularity, and only the week before I arrived, the whole university had been closed for four days after an unusually successful riot.

Always, too, the coming riot casts its shadow before it: for several days before the explosion the atmosphere is unpleasant. Students of the various groups--Nazis, Republicans, all the eradations of the Right and Left--glare at one another with particular hate. Then, suddenly, the pot boils over: but only at eleven o'clock in the morning. A riot that began at any other moment would not be German--not according to plan.

Precisely as the clock strikes, the big hall on Unter den Linden is something to see and hear. Students of all the Corporationen (societies), in their bright-colored and rather comic little caps, assemble in groups and begin to talk. The green hats are in one corner, the red in another. In themselves these assemblies are quite harmless; they are not even noisy. They are just business meetings of the societies, carried on as tradition prescribes. As long as politics are kept out of the discussion, peace is unbroken.

As my friend had told me, I had arrived at a lucky moment. The day before, the Government had raised the ban on the wearing of the Nazi uniforms. So when I came in, the Nazi students were parading everywhere in their brown uniforms. The arrogance of their smile and the swagger of their walk said more plainly than words: ''Perhaps this place does not belong to us quite yet, but it will very soon."

Every time two Nazis met, their right hands snapt up to salute, relates Mr. Simonds, and ''they thundered with unneces-

29

The Police Let the Rioting Students Go, After a Good Beating

sary loudness the customary Heil Hitler." As for the Com- munists, '"'altho they, too, wear a uniform, and the bigger comrades greet each other with upraised fist, the insignificance of their numbers usually keeps them still.'"' However:

This morning every one knew that peace was not for long. Almost as I entered the room, one of the Nazis--by mistake, perhaps--trod on the foot of a Jewish student. It was the ex- pected signal: the Jewish student hit the Nazi, and in one brief second the whole hall dissolved into a free fight.

As became a neu- tral and a foreigner, I chose a strategic corner, and watched. First, the hall shook and rocked to the eries of Deutschland, erwache! (Germany, awake!). Then came the angrier shout: Juden verrecke! (Death to the Jews!) At this latter war- ery, the Jewish stu- dents broke and began to run, hotly pursued by the Na- zis. Up and down the stairs went the fight. Jews, Com- munists, Reichsban- ner (republicans) rallied and resisted the Nazis on the stairs. In the hall others formed new groups and sang the party songs of the Nazis, or formed Sprechkore, the Ger- man equivalent of a huddle, in which all shouted together some significant phrase or catchword.

This uproar continued unchecked for, perhaps, five minutes. Then there sounded suddenly the shrill blast of the police whistle. A few seconds later (and on time also, at 11.05 precisely) in charged the police in their trim navy blue jackets and grim black helmets. Their nightsticks--the famous gumi-knuppel of the Berlin slang--were drawn and poised. Immediately the scene changed. One moment, Nazis, Communists, and Reichsbanner fought one another furiously; the next moment there were only students, united to repel the invasion of their enemy and defend their sacred rights.

Now the whole university area rang with a new battle-cry: Schupos raus! (Out with the cops!) What had been a civil war became a national uprising. Where the Nazis had chased the Jews, the Schupos pursued both. When the Nazis were hard- prest, Communists and Reichsbanner students thrust themselves in the pathway of the police, and Hitler's heroes made good their escape. And the Schwpos, infuriated by the loss of their victims, turned upon the rescuers and gave them terrible beatings, which they took bravely. Finally, the police herded all the students in one solid group, into which I too was jammed, drove them outside the university yard, closed the gates, and mounted guard. The rioting ''at eleven sharp"' was over for the day.

Mae. srmonps found it amazing to observe how commonplace the people around him considered this episode, 'which in the United States could certainly have been thought extraordinary." He set out on the following night "'to see the Nazis at home." Abbreviating his interesting account, we give these sample impressions:

My friend directed me to a sturm-lokal. Despite its ominous title, this ''storm-center"' was the most ordinary of beer saloons, distinguished merely by a huge Nazi banner--red, with a white circle in the center, in which was a swastika, the insignia of the Hitlerites. Over the bar hung a picture of Hitler himself, while before the door three Nazis in full uniform marehed back and forth on sentry-go. ti

NOVEMBER 26, 1932

Hardly a minute had passed before I was

aware that I was an intruder. But, having come to see, I stuck. ' Soon other boys with party pins came in, and the youngest of these, surveying the room casually, nodded to the waiter and turned toward his comrades. Then his eye caught mine. He stiffened, and muttered something to his friends. With- out warning, one of these stept to the door and whistled shrilly. Promptly the three guards burst into the room, and all gathered m a group and whispered for a moment, eyes fixt upon me with undisguised hos- tility.

Then the boy who had given the alarm crossed over and stood stiffly above me.

"Tell me," he said, in a low, even, but deliberately hard tone, ''haven't I- seen you with the Communist storm troop down the street?''

We cne comes a conversation with a Nazi who looks forward to the joys of street- fighting and a Hitler triumph, followed by -prosperity in a victorious Germany with no Polish Corridor. On another day Mr. Simonds visited the Red quarter, and he relates:

From Wedding Platz I wandered, for quite some time, until I found the Com- munist Lokal for which I was looking. It was the exact counterpart of the Nazi cen- ter, with a picture of Lenin in place of Hitler, and party posters and photographs of Russian workers on the walls. Pres- ently, I fell into conversation with a neighbor.

"Interested in the proletarian point of view, are you?'' he inquired. Then, smoothly, almost eloquently, he proceeded to tell me about the Red workers' ideals and ambitions.

"Nazis," he began, ''are the last throw of the capitalistic world, driven from one bulwark to another, vainly trying to de- fend itself against the rising tide of class consciousness and the feelings of the work- ers who are being betrayed. Oh, they will not last long; they are only mercenary troops, workers who are not class-con- scious, workers who are paid and armed by Heavy Industry and Big Business, seeking to defend their privileges against the just demands of the true workers. Once it really comes to a showdown, they have no spirit to carry them on. Then our workers, who are fighting for an ideal, will conquer the Nazis, who are fighting for pay."

The Crowning Grace.--A homely Scot in London was being shown the sights, and was given lunches and dinners at the best hotels. To his friend he said: ''This is all very well, but what I want is some- thing more homely, homely surroundings, simple food, and the friendly word."

He was taken to a quiet little place in Kensington for high tea with egg and bacon. ''This is exactly what J want," he said to the waitress, '"'homely sur- roundings, simple food, but what about the friendly word?"'

She whispered in his ear, "'Don't eat the egg." --Christian Register.

Reaping the Whirlwind.--''Why are farmers dissatisfied so much of the time?"

"T suspect,'' replied Senator Sorghum, ''that one reason is that we politicians have for so long made it our regular business to keep the farmer reminded of his troubles." --Washington Star.

TREMEMTERARY iDuGEST

23

No time for his Teeth and Gums and he has "PINK TOOTH BRUSH"!

H" wouldn't miss his morning shower! It sets him up--keeps him fit. Yet

"pink tooth brush"--that warning of

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He can't ignore "pink tooth brush" and get off scot-free! Nor can you. For that tendency of your gums to bleed means your gum tissues are weakening. It means possible trouble for your gums and teeth.

The soft foods of our modern menus are responsible. They rob your gums of the stimulation they need--leave them

' weak and flabby. Unexercised, gum walls

weaken. Soon they show a tendency to

bleed. Unless you tone and harden them you may be a candidate for gingivitis or Vincent's disease or the rarer but more dangerous pyorrhea.

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And--if you keep on with Ipana and massage--you ll steer clear of "' pink tooth brush."

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A

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THE LITERARYOIDAGEST The New Kind of Traffic Cop

HAT heart-sinking ''putt-putt" of the motor-eyele cop's presence just to the rear left of one's automobile is heard less frequently in the land these days, says William Ullman in his Feature Service

| (Washington).

To many a motorist unable to detect

any profound reform in his traffic morals,

which makes it all the more mysterious, the

NOVEMBER 26, 1932

every day has marveled at the brooding calmness with which the motor-cycle officer surveys the vehicular flow in contrast with his erstwhile remorseless pounce upon the offender. If he has misconstrued it to mean a weakening of the fiber of enforce- ment, he frequently meets the miserable awakening of being arrested some day to hear the long story of misdemeanors which he thought were unnoticed because they went unpunished. Many a driver has made, and hundreds are making daily, the discovery that the officer who never ap-

Copyright by Keystone

On the Alert for a Riot Call as the Students Arrive (See the preceding story.)

physical effect of the sound, he says, has become no more than a faint memory.

He goes on:

The reason for it all is not particularly mysterious, however. It merely means that traffic-law enforcement has taken another pathway; one more quiet, less harrowing upon the nervous systems of drivers, and, so its creators are convinced, one that will be more fruitful of good re- sults.

It does not mean that the old technique of enforcement no longer applies. It does, but in addition to the actual task of snatch- ing the reckless from the streets and high- ways, the traffic policeman of to-day spends more of his time in quiet investigations and studies that look toward a more sweeping and lasting contribution to publie safety.

The writer recently stopt to ask a motor- eyele policeman in a State, to which his ear's license tags were foreign, what was the State speed limit.

"Forty miles an officer.

"And if you saw me driving forty-five?" he asked.

"Well, if the road were wide and straight, traffic light, and you were remaining in the right lane and obviously attending strictly to business, I might say to myself that you were a good, careful driver."

The officer laughed. 'But don't ever let me see you cross the white line, pass another car at a curve, or cut in--me or any other officer," he added with a warning, meaningful smile. It epitomizes the new attitude.

Many a motorist traveling a fixt route

hour,'' replied the

peared to notice him really has been a close student of his misconduct.

Wherever it started, and many are in- clined to place its origin in Connecticut, the new enforcement technique now has become general. It is as much a part of the traffic scheme of things in California as in any of the eastern States.

a new procedure gives promise of achieving its most beneficial results in those States which have driver's license laws. No longer can an operator solace himself with the opinion that it is his first offense, and he will be let off lightly. It is hard to believe in its hallowing effects after an officer has reeled off a number of others which he thought were strictly a matter between himself and his conscience. Even tho these latter breaches continue to go unpunished, the offender realizes he has

not been "getting by' with them. We read further:

Traffic officials and motor-vehicle au- thorities report that the effect on the driver of average intelligence is to make him reflect and reform. In the words of one: 'There has been a growing feeling among moto-ists that enforcement has lost its aspect of individualism; that drivers were being dealt' with in the mass. It is decidedly sobering to learn that such is not the case, but that the officer has gone about the job of learning an individual's habits more studiously and slowly." BS

The fact that at a certain hour every

NIGAVAEIMI Ell = 26", 7) 1.9932

day a traffic officer rides up to a given intersection, dismounts from his motor- cycle and starts dealing with traffic in the mass, does not mean that any individual driver passing that point is submerged in the total of the vehicular stream. Daily duty does not impersonalize the officer's task as much as one might suspect. Officers have a way of spotting individual drivers and cars, of singling them out and getting to know them. According to one veteran who alternates between patrol and post duty at a busy outlying intersec- tion in one large city: 'The good ones slip back into the big stream and are forgotten, but you sort of get to know the others and they have a hard time hiding from you." Their superiors to whom they make reports declare this 'spotting' technique is common to all traffic officers. There- fore, if the individual motorist in one of his perfectly honest moments admits that-he has been taking advantage of the cop, he had better reform. The chances are that the officer, too, is aware of the situation.

No 'Mass Sterilization"

HE Human Betterment Foundation of

Pasadena, California, writes us to deny that it advocates the sterilization of 18,000,000 of us to insure America against race degeneration, as represented in an article in our pages on August 6, founded on a statement by Paul O. Komora, Secre- tary of the National Committee for Men- tal Hygiene. Mr. Komora is mistaken, we are assured. A pamphlet issued by the Foundation and distributed at the Syra- euse meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science did, it is true, say that in America there are '18,- 000,000 persons who are or at some time during life will be burdened by mental disease or mental defect, and in one way or another [will be] a charge and tax upon the rest of the population," and it went on to say that a community can do one of three things for the mentally diseased and men- tally deficient--''do nothing at all,'' "keep such patients under lock and key for the rest of their lives," or ''study its patients carefully and, after sterilization, release under supervision those who could get along successfully in the community if they had some help when necessary."

Tus president of the Foundation, how- ever, Mr. E. S. Gosney, avers that it does not advocate a sterilization of all of the 18,000,000, and quotes passages from other parts of the pamphlet to support his claim. He writes:

The pamphlet distributed at Syracuse states: "Sterilization should apply only to those defectives who are likely, without sterilization, to produce children which they can not care for, and who would be incapable of becoming self-sustaining, good citizens." The method of steriliza- tion used in California unsexes no one.

This pamphlet quotes from accepted researches of others the estimate of 18,000,000 persons in this country who are or at some time in their lives will be bur- dened with mental disease or mental deficiency. It does not say they should all be sterilized.

Teta? LA THEIRIAIRSY?T DILG EIS'T

25

"WHY DO I

say that? Well, just as soon as you

come into the house and pack your

pipe with Granger, you seem to be in a good humor. I like that Granger, too... the aroma is very pleasing. It seems different from other tobaccos."

You are right! Granger is made for pipes; and you want tobacco

in your pipe that's made for pipes.

© 1932, Liccerr & Myers Tosacco Co.

| GRANGER IS AMERICA'S

PIPE

TOBACCO

26 THE. Ld TERARY PDIFGESe.

NOVEMBER POG SWI Se

No Punches Barred in a Cherokee Ball Game

F ALL THE ROUGH-AND-TUMBLE fighting ever witnessed, the native Indian ball game set a new high for violence.

"Ten fights going on at one time, and no holds or punches barred. Broken arms and legs are nothing unusual,' says

"Almost Entirely a Man-to-Man Battle"'

William B. Bull, telling us in the Atlanta Journal about the astonishing game he saw at the Cherokee Reservation near Lake Junaluska, North Carolina.

Sten players are knocked out. - Others are worn out by their frantic battling. Consequently, there are frequent pauses to make substitutions. And for another reason: The '"'pants" mortality is so high that ''several times the players and specta- tors had to group around some player who was forced to change his trunks, his first pair having given up the ghost under rough usage."

All in all, it is easy to believe the writer's assertion that ''it is an elemental game,' and that each participant ''must have the strength of a bull, the fleetness of a deer, the keen eye of an eagle, absolute fearlessness, and a love of free-for-all fighting.'"? And now Mr. Bull gets down to details:

There are apparently no set rules as to the number of players who engage in the game. Each team, however, must have the same number of participants as the other squad. The opposing players are paired off, a member of one team being opposed by a member of the enemy team.

Imagine a large square of fairly level grassy field. Some 1,500 spectators, nearly all Indians, are wandering around chatting, making bets, and comparing merits of the opposing teams.

Yonder is one of the teams, at the south end of the field. The players, about ten in number, are lined up abreast. Directly behind them are two men in civilian clothes who hold small trees about twelve feet high upright in their hands. The branches have been trimmed off to about two feet of the top, leaving a green tuft.

We learned that these two men are the "'eoal-posts."" They hold the trees upright about five yards apart, the idea being to carry the ball through these posts, or to bat it through, in order to score a goal. At the north end of the field, the opposing team has lined up in the same way. It is the visiting team.

Suddenly there is a loud, weird ery from these visitors, a single voice holding a scream- ing note.

As it dies away all the visiting players chant what sounds like a hoarse ''jug-a-rum."'

These players have started moving toward the center of the field. The '"'goal-posts" stay where they are, but a couple of hundred of the team's ardent supporters follow close after the players.

The screaming note, followed by the hoarse chant, is repeated again and yet again until the team has moved forward some fifty

ards.

z And now, almost in my ear, there comes an even higher scream from just behind the spot where the Cherokee braves have been standing quietly. At the same time the Cherokee team starts its march to the center of the field, chiming in on a hoarse chant at the end of the single voice's shrill ery.

Some 500 supporters follow the team. They cover about fifty yards and then halt. The visiting team now takes up its march again.

"The teams alternate, marching thus until they meet in the center of the field, still followed closely by dense crowds of partizans, who are now streaming in from the sides as well, so I join the mob in the center of the field.

Ap Mr. Bull's curiosity about what the spectators were doing was soon appeased:

There was some kind of ceremony going on, accompanied by the waving in the air of various articles, such as brightly colored neckerchiefs, scarfs, pocket-knives, and other articles. It did not take long for me to realize that this was a most important phase of the game for the Indians. Each team and some of its more ardent supporters had brought things of value which they wanted to wager on their team.

A man would hold up a brilliant red scarf, gesticulating with it and extolling its praises. This would continue until somebody favoring the opposing team held up some article which was con- sidered the equal of the searf. Both articles would then be handed to an old Indian, who must have been highly respected, for he seemed to be the custodian of the wagers. He would throw the articles down on a central pile, and the betting would con- tinue.

Once, two of the bettors got mad and started a fight right in the middle of the crowd, but were soon parted.

The betting occupied about half an hour; then the "'spoils'' were removed from the center of the field, and the game seemed about to begin.

The crowd now drew back a little to the east and west, the course being kept clear to the north and south, in order that the players might see the two goals, which must have been 200 yards apart.

The uniforms of the-players were most decidedly missing--tho each man did have on a pair of very meager trunks, but they were all different colors and shapes.

Photographs by courtesy of the Asheville Chamber of Commerce

Where ''Play Ball' Is the Signal for One Glorious RouchsWedse!

NIOWEIM BE Rae'2 6), 1913.2

For that matter, they had to change players more than once for the very same reason!

Some of the players had many long seratches on their bodies. I learned that these were inflicted in various ceremonies held a day or so before the day of the game. The scratches were made with bear claws, wildeat claws, fox claws, and the claws of other animals noted for their ferocity, slyness, bravery, strength, and so on.

Each contestant was equipped with a pair of bats. I suppose they have some long Indian name, but they resemble tennis rackets. Each bat is about two and a half feet long. One end is the handle and the other end is shaped like a very small ten- nis racket, the face being only about as big as a man's fist, with about three wire strings parallel to the handle and three perpen- dicular to it. Tho the wires are taut, the bat is more like a ladle than a tennis racket, and is used as such, for the idea is to pick up the ball between the bats and run with it through the enemy's goal-posts. Some- times, however, the ball is batted.

vale now Mr. Bull gives us a picture of the wild battle that followed--

Two huge Indians are standing facing each other in the middle of the field, much after the fashion of two big basket-ball centers waiting for the referee to toss up the ball between them. Both Indians are giants, but the C. R. (Cherokee Reserva- tion) ''center'' seems to be far too fat to play any kind of ball game. However, it turned out that he had probably the great- est strength of any player on the field.

The other players are standing about in pairs, there seeming to be no set formation. The ten or so pairs covered about the area of a basket-ball court, some within a yard of the spectators. There are five or six standing around holding long switches in their hands.

Now the referee is handing the ball to the Cherokee ''center."' The ball they are using for this game is smaller than a golf- ball, is black, only approximately round, and is of very lively rubber.

The big fat Cherokee Reservation Indian tosses the ball up into the air and swings his bats, held together in one hand, at the ball. The visiting center immediately tried to hit the ball, too. At the same time he was evidently trying to push the fat man, to pull him, to trip him, to hit him on the head with his bats, to kick him in the shins.

The fat boy hit that little ball about ten _yards toward the goal in spite of the inter- ference of his opponent, and then imme- diately grabbed hold of his "partner" (or '"nersonal enemy''), rolled him on the ground, and sat on him!

The ball was rolling along the ground all this time. Three or four of the men with the long switches ran along after it, pointing at the ball with their switches. So--that was what they were for!

One player on each side is a white man, '"'anparently without the least Indian blood in him," altho ''only men with at least one-sixteenth Indian blood are allowed to participate."' But back to the game--

Suddenly a visiting player breaks away from the C. R. white man, and runs quickly toward the ball. But the white man is hot after him, and, just before the Indian gets to the ball, the white man trips him and grabs up the ball in his bats, but before the white man can get fairly started toward

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THE: Ld TERAR YY? DIGEST

the goal, the Indian has tackled him good and hard. That tackle shook the ball loose from the white man's bats, but neither he nor the Indian seemed to know it.

In the meantime, some of the other play- ers had managed to knock the ball away, and the scene of action had shifted until it was some fifty yards distant. But this white man and the Indian were battling about in the dirt.

One of the Indian spectators stept close, got their attention, and then pointed down the field where the other players were rush- ing after the little rubber ball. The two fellows quit fighting immediately, the white man got up and pulled the Indian to his feet. They put their arms around each other and limped off down the field, pant- ing, but smiling.

The players often lose their bats in the superhuman seraps they engage in, so there are a couple of ''bat boys" who run about collecting the bats from the ground and returning them to their owners. It seems that a goal is no good, unless the ball is carried or batted through the goal-posts with the bats.

Now the ball is on the ground and several of the ball hawks are standing around shaking their switches at it to show the players where it is. Ten pairs of players are struggling with each other--no man being nearer than ten yards to the ball. Finally, one player manages to edge close enough to the ball to grasp it, but his "»yartner'' promptly throws him to the ground and struggles with him. When this happens, the ball being kept out of play too long by the two men, one of the referees taps the men none too gently and they stand up. The one with the ball throws it up and both men try to hit it, as at the start of the game.

Sometimes the ball is struck right into the crowd. The spectators seatter like frightened quail, and nobody can blame them, for the way some of those Indians tear after the ball is a caution! All the ball hawks run after the ball at once, in order not to lose it.

Tho the opposing team seemed to be in far better condition, the Cherokee Reserva- tion braves appeared to have greater ability at this rough-and-tumble game. (I should explain that all the Indians really live in the Cherokee Reservation, but the team I have been calling the '"'C. R." aggregation was from the town of Cherokee, where the schools and other community centers of the reservation are situated.) Six times in the first half-hour the C. R. team scored goals, while the other team was being held (very literally) to none. The C. R. white man seemed to be the most skilled player on the field, for he scored three of these first six goals. One particularly brilliant play was executed by him with the help of the big, fat center of his team.

The two centers had fallen down on the ball about seventy yards from the visiting team's goal, and, as has been described be- fore, they were ordered to stand up and swat at the ball when it was tossed up. The fat Indian had the ball; he threw it up and managed to get off a good swat. The ball traveled high into the air and just a little bit to one side of the goal.

The C. R. white man and his ''partner"' were playing quite close to the centers when this play started. At about the same time the big center started to swat the ball, the white man did some kind of a trick to his enemy and broke loose, running down the field toward the goal. He looked up and saw that the ball would probably miss the goal. Going full speed he got under the ball, caught it cleverly in his small pair of

NOV EME E:R2ioy 2 le oeez

bats, and sidestept quickly through the goal for the prettiest play of the day.

His "partner" just missed stopping him before he got through the goal. As soon as they saw that their star player had broken loose, the rest of the C. R. team held on to their own partners with increased fervor. Truly, almost entirely a man-to-man battle. Talk about forward passes! I've never seen anything prettier on a football field.

The First "'Roorback"

CURIOUS incident in American history and the origin of one of our political idioms, remarks the New York Times, were recalled in connection with the Presidential campaign. Thus, ''some one set the rumor rolling that 35,000 people who had voted for Roosevelt in the Lirmrary Diaxrst poll

'had written in asking that their ballots be

changed in favor of Hoover. This THE Literary Dicest promptly denied, saying: 'An old-fashioned political roorback has come out just in time to be nipt before election.'

"What a roorback is,'"' The Times con- tinues, '' becomes clear when the history of the term is remembered," and we read on:

The first roorback was perpetrated in 1844 during the campaign between Polk and Clay--that is to say, at a time when elections were more like football games than debates. It consisted of a letter printed in an abolitionist newspaper, and designed to show that Polk branded his slaves with his initials as if they were so many cattle.

The authority quoted for this statement was a book which had ''received the ap- probation of every American critic," namely, Roorback's '' Tour Through South- ern and Western States in the Year 1836." Its veracity could not be doubted, the letter- writer pointed out, since Roorback was recognized as an authority; he was a foreign observer with no personal interests and no friends to flatter, and he had written long before Polk had been nominated for the Presideney.

Published first on August 21, 1844, in the Ithaca Journal, this letter was promptly reprinted in other abolitionist organs and as promptly denounced by Polk supporters. The editor of The Journal was attacked viciously; he retaliated by initiating libel suits. Roorback's ''tour"' widely discust. In fact, the extraordinary success of the hoax--for, of course, it was a hoax--led to its exposure.

Polk's friends disclosed that the alleged quotation from Roorback's 'tour' had been lifted from George William Feather- stonaugh's "Excursion Through the Slave States," an authoritative work which had been published a short time before. After giving verbatim Featherstonaugh's de- scription of the encampment of a slave- trader the author of the letter to the Ithaca Journal had added: ''Forty of these un- fortunate beings had been purchased, I was informed, of the Hon. J. K. Polk, the present Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives, the mark of the branding-iron, with the initials of his name on their shoul- ders, distinguishing them from the rest.'

After this revelation the whole '" villain- ous forgery"? was investigated, the editor of the Ithaca Journal being exonerated and the letter discovered to be the work of

began to be

IHCEV EWE ER 726, * 19-32

a locofoco officeholder. But by that time Roorback's renown had been established, and his name had become a synonym for political forgery or fiction.

As for the roorbacks themselves, we are told that American history records some famous instances. The example quoted by The Times has also been classed as a boom- erang, and, more specifically, a ''burchard,"' after its author. As we read on:

Blaine probably lost the Presidency be- cause he was unjustly charged with calling the Democrats "the party whose ante- cedents have been Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion."

Actually, Blaine never used or approved the famous three political R's. They originated with a certain Rev. Mr. Bur- chard, spokesman for a large group of clergymen. But Blaine's denials were use- less.

Vermont's Short Way With Bob- cat Racketeers

ERMONT is no place for the busy, ingenious racketeer.

The Green Mountain State has been in a ferment recently ''over revelations con- cerning the fraudulent collection of bounty on bobeat pelts."

And not only is Vermont all stirred up. This pugnacious little Commonwealth has been doing something to mend the situation.

At the next session of the Legislature, says an editorial in the New York Sun, "the bounty law may be repealed."' Reading on:

At present the State pays $10 to every citizen who presents the skin of a bobcat at the office of the town clerk of his own town, and makes under oath the declara- tion required by law. The bounty act has been popular, for almost every Ver- monter is an occasional hunter; his favorite game is the ruffed grouse, known all through the north country as the partridge. Bobeats slaughter partridges in great numbers.

A vulnerable feature of the law is that after a man has killed a bobcat and has collected his bounty, he is permitted to take the pelt away with him. The town clerk punches holes in the bobeat's ears, but the art of mending these punctures has been developed to a high degree. Even in cases where the ears have been cut off new ears have been known to appear. The fact that the racketeers have been able to deceive sharp-eyed Vermont town clerks, many of whom probably were hunters themselves, is sufficient proof of their skill.

A man suspected of practising these tricks was captured recently, and the hand of the law descended heavily on him. Altho a resident of Plymouth, he was accused of having collected $20 on two bobcat pelts from the town clerk of Londonderry, a woman, after swearing that he was a resi- dent of Londonderry.

Hewas indicted for perjury and convicted by a jury in the Windham County Court at Newfane. Judge John S. Buttles sen- tenced him to serve not less than two and a half nor more than four years at hard labor in the State prison, and to pay a fine of $100. He appealed and was released on $2,500 bail.

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THE LITERARY DIGEST

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Business Is Swell--North of 63

T'S just another Main Street--the Are-

tic seacoast.

It is not at all ''a wild and woolly waste, full of uncivilized Eskimos who go about grunting gutturals and chewing on blubber as they dodge the wily polar bear."

To-day they're bargain hunters. And the coast-line of northmost Alaska is ''just another Main Street where they like their radios, their flash-lights, their portable phonographs, their combs, and _ their cigarets.

''A Main Street far removed from the blare of traffic with rumbling street-cars and raucous horns, but with all the ele- ments of any old Main Street in anybody's home town. The adventures, the thrills, and the perils of the region that have been novelized and filmed are no more."

So writes Alan Sherwood in the Seattle Sunday Times, telling us of the experiences of youthful Capt. John Backland, Jr., skipper of the four-masted schooner C. S. Holmes and president of the Midnight Sun Trading Company.

'And Captain Backland brings with him news of the one place in the world where there apparently has been no de- pression--northmost Alaska.

'"The bears up there are not of the stock- market variety as they go up and down the ice-floes. Silver and white foxes, martens and minks don't have to worry about quo- tations or gold standards. Native Eski- mos must eat, so the trading business on the Alaska coast has remained good."'

Waar does the bargain-hunting Eskimo like best in exchange for his pelts and whalebone? Well--

Most interesting among the trends to- ward modernity noticed by traders in Kskimo waste from the St. Lawrence to Barrow is the terrific consumption of phonograph records and portable phono- graphs.

Backland took 1,000 records and several phonographs, large and small, with him on this year's trip, and they went like hot- cakes. There is a taste growing for radios, slowly but surely, Captain Backland re- ports, and he expects to take more than ever with him next spring.

Radio reception during the far-North summer is the best in the world, German stations coming in with particular clarity; but the long winter nights and action of the Aurora Borealis render it negligible in winter. And the more tubes an Eskimo's set has, the better he will like it. Tonal quality means little.

As the popularity of phonographs in- creased, one of the oldest staples of the trader's cargo, glass beads of many hues, went completely out of demand. Captain Backland has discontinued carrying them this last two trips. And it was right at this point that your observer got laughed at, loudly and long. JI asked the captain how much carved ivory he bought from the Kskimos during this past season's trading. He looked at me with a peculiar expression for a moment and then laughed.

"Why, I still have last year's supply of uncut ivory on hand. You see, this year the Chinese have been so busy cutting

and getting cut up by the Japanese that they haven't had time to carve up the ivory tourists buy in Alaska as examples of Eskimo culture. That market has col- lapsed altogether." Was my face red! There's a little table out in the mess hall next to the captain's cabin where the Holmes's trading is transacted. The trader allows the Eskimos the run of the ship with the exception of his quarters. The business of trading consists simply of a native laying his skins or baleen on the table, Captain Backland telling him what they're worth, and issuing the required staples in return. The Eskimo squaw allows her man to do the trading and buy the sugar and flour, but she reserves the right to pick out the calico in the color scheme she fancies, and steps in with loud protest if she thinks her husband is making a mistake in the price he is about to accept. And usually, the captain amusedly explains, the calico which strikes her faney is the one at the bottom of the pile.

Seo and outboard motors, canned goods, cloth, guns, and stoves are among the thousand and one items carried by the trading ship, for it must supply everything to last the Eskimo village through the year--

Introducing new things to an Eskimo buyer is the toughest job Captain Back- land has experienced. He claims for the Eskimo a sales resistance that would gladden the heart of any demon '"'go- getter." The quickest way to introduce anything new is to let the native see the trader using it, he has found. Thus, this past trip, when Captain Backland wanted to introduce a new brand of cigarets which would allow him a greater margin of profit, he first allowed the natives to see him smoking them himself and left his package on the trading table so they could try them out.

One curious native found that the to- bacco was stronger than that he had been using, and the stampede for the new brand was on, with the result that there was only one carton left in ship's stores when the Holmes pulled out for home.

Similarly, a rifle from the captain's own gun rack seems a far superior weapon to any that comes out of a case, a trade fact Captain Backland learned early in the game. Now nearly all rifle sales are made from the captain's private rack.

Arrae staple prices along the Arctic coast are virtually double what they are in the States--''don't take that as a hint and rush out to buy a schooner and enter the Alaska trade," Mr. Sherwood advises. Because those in the business find that after freight, dockage, storage, stevedoring and insurance charges are paid, little profit remains--

In the north a prime raw white fox pelt is worth, approximately of course, and dependent upon the fur-market prospectus three months in advance, forty pounds of coffee.

Flour brings $1.50 to $2 a sack, and sugar, surprizingly, is down to 3 and 5 cents a pound. Calico--and all kinds of cloth regardless of color and weave, are known as calico--is priced higher proportionately than anything else.

Conversely, if you wish a safety-razor

NOVEMBER "26. (}9°39 blade, the trading-post will supply you for far less than your local drug store.

Credit business, once the bane of the trader's existence because the Eskimo never could understand interest, and wouldn't pay it, has been virtually eliminated by Captain Backland.

The Eskimo is rapidly catching the West- ern idea of bargain sales, and more and more each year he waits until the Holmes is about ready to begin her homeward trip. The cargo is just about gone and the trader wants to get rid of all broken lines of goods. The natives know they will be able to buy these at bargain prices.

What Makes Luck?

POWDER-HOUSE blew up in Ver-

mont, and nine persons were in- jured. In one home, however, ''a sheet of plaster fell across the crib of a four-year- old boy, protecting the child from a shower of glass and splinters which followed the blast."

A New York Sun editorial, ''Puppets of Chance," reports this strange prank of fate in a discussion of a number of inexplic- able incidents that seem to have been governed by "'luck."'

In another accident it was the falling body that was saved by a lucky circum- stance, The Sun continues. 'A baby climbed through the bars of a second-story porch, fell eighteen feet to the paved yard and landed unhurt on the backs of two sleeping dogs.

*""An escape even more extraordinary, because of the number of persons involved, oceurred, in April, 1931, in Otter Lake, Michigan. During funeral services the floor of the church collapsed, dropping the entire congregation of 250 into the base- ment. Nobody was injured; the part of the floor on which rested the coffin remained

"

in place."' However:

For every fortuity in which the principals are lucky, however, another case equally odd can be cited to add to the score of the gods of ill luek. An unusual example ap- peared in the news a few days ago. An excursion train bound from Boston to New York passed an express headed the opposite way. A steam plug on the loco- motive of this other train blew out and a jet of hot vapor broke forty windows in the excursion train, injuring slightly a number of passengers.

Another accident in which a difference of seconds counted for much happened on a building job in Queens. A ten-ton coping stone just laid in place on the sixth floor fell and carried down to the street a scaffold holding three workmen, all of whom were killed. The wreckage missed a pedestrian, but erusht the dog he was leading.

In Attica, New York, a woman went to the front door of her home to call her pet eat. As she opened the door a motor-truck out of control came down a hill and crashed into the front of the house, killing the woman.

Last May a woman in Chicago attempted suicide by gas in the kitchen of her home and eaused an explosion which killed a man who was passing the house. The woman. was only slightly hurt.

A thirteen-year-old boy of Richmond,

FReClrTERARY "D1GEST

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OTRONS

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BOOKS OF PERMANENT VALU E

To Solve Your Gift Problems

Etiquette The Blue Book of Social Usage By Emily Post

Here is the authority in its field. It con- tains information on personal manners and social customs in every phase of life. The Chicago Tribune says that it is "the most complete book on social usage that ever grew between two covers.'' Included are many photographic illustrations. 758 pages. Cloth binding, $4.00; handsome full leather binding, $7.50. Postage, 18c extra.

The Personality of a House The Blue Book of Home Destgn and Decoration By Emily Post

Tells how to make every type of home express, in its architecture, colors, and setting, all that is most attractive in the personality of its occupants. Every possible room is discussed in detail. 63 half-tones, and 171 text illustrations. 537 pages. Cloth binding, $4.00; handsome full leather binding, $7.50. Postage, 18c extra.

The Complete Book of Parties

By Margaret Lockwood Andrews

Covers the entire field of entertaining from the simplest "bridge" and children's party to the most elaborate formal ball--invitations, menus, etc. 'If there is any kind of a party-- that is, which may properly be written about at all--for which there are not working plans and specifications here, you will have a hard hunt for it."--The Boston Herald. Many illustrations. 340 pages. Cloth binding, $2.00; post-paid, $2.14.

These books are for sale by your local bookseller.

How to Use English A Guide to Correct Speech and Writing By Frank H. Vizetelly, Litt.D., LL.D.

"A volume of valuable advice from a recog- nized authority in the use of the English language, whose many contributions to good writing and correct speech have made him

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Hoyt's New Cyclopedia of

Practical Quotations By Kate Louise Roberts

A rich treasury of 21,000 of the choicest of usable quotations, drawn from the speech and literature of all nations, ancient and modern, classic and popular, in English and foreign text. 1,374 pages. Cloth, $7.50; Buckram, $8.50; Three-quarter Morocco, $12.50; Full Morocco, $15.00. Thumb-index, 75 cents extra. Average carriage charges, 30 cents extra,

Young's Analytical Concordance Le)

to the Bible By Robert Young, LL.D.

Unquestionably the greatest Bible Concordance ever issued. Exhibiting 311,000 references, marking 30,000 New Testament readings. It gives the origi- nal Hebrew or Greek of any word in the English Bible with the literal meaning of each, together with parallel passages and gives at a glance the various shades of meaning of related words represented in the English by one word. The only authorized edi- tion in America. ''One of the most useful books in the world."--William Lyon Phelps. One volume, 1,244 pages. Cloth, $7.50; Half Morocco, $15.00. With Thumb-Indez, 75 cents extra. Average post- age charges, 42c additional. Bible Paper Edition, Full limp Morocco, with Thumb-Index, $24.00. Average postage charges, 26c additional.

If he is out of stock, order direct from the publishers.

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THE LETERARY TT DiGiboa

California, was flying a kite when the string got tangled in a 60,000-volt power line. The resulting short circuit burned through the wire; the loose end knocked the hat from a passer-by, bored through the asphalt pavement, and cut open a large gas main, which immediately roared into flames.

Tuen we hear of a bird which picked up a lighted cigaret, carried it to a nest beneath the eaves of the City Hall in Melrose, Massachusetts, and set the building afire. This chapter of strange accidents continues:

Sparrows nesting in the roof of a house in San Antonio, Texas, used matches as we!l as twigs to build their nest, and started a fire by their scratching.

In Eldorado, Kansas, a farmer was shearing a mule; a biting fly caused the mule to kick, the shears were driven into the man's arm, and he died from the wound.

In Billings, Montana, a farmhand was kicked by a horse and fell against a pitch- fork, which wounded him fatally.

One accident caused another in the case of a man in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. While driving an automobile he collided with two other cars, but was not injured. The follow- ing night he dreamed of the crash, jumped from the bed in his sleep and rammed his hand through a window. No doubt he is among those who insist that hard luck comes in bunches to folks pursued by a jinx.

To Keep Sugar Soft

HE housewife's trouble with lumpy

sugar may soon be a thing of the past. Science has found a substance which, added in the manufacture of sugar, prevents lumping and caking.

This same substance, calcium phosphate, provides the elements essential for the de- velopment of bones and teeth.

In a paper presented before the American Chemical Society at Denver, H. V. Moss, Chief Chemist of the Provident Chemical Works at St. Louis, told of his search for a suitable material that would overcome the objectionable tendency of sugar to form hard cakes under certain atmospheric con- ditions. He finally discovered that calcium phosphate, used for many years to prevent the eaking of table salt, was equally useful in sugar. Mr. Moss said, as reported in a@ press account:

The addition of 1 per cent. of tricalcium phosphate completely prevented the forma- tion of lumps in powdered sugar on stand- ing for fifty-three days under the normal summer conditions prevailing in St. Louis.

Unusually free-flowing properties are imparted to sugar by the addition of cal- cium phosphate. Tests showed that the phosphated sugar flowed more freely than did pure sugar, and much more freely than sugar conditioned in the ordinary manner with starch. There is no tendency for the sugar to cling to the container, and it can be measured and mixed more easily.

She Found Her Affinity.--''Old Bob's going to marry Miss Flighty. She ean ride, swim, dance, sing, drive a ear, and pilot an airplane. Real all-rounder!"'

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Old Bob's

NOVEMBER oCs 7932

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NOVEMBER S25 "103°

Hire LITERARY DIGEST

CurRRENT Porrry

UNSOLICITED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DEPARTMENT CAN NOT BE RETURNED UNPUBLISHED POETRY UNAVAILABLE

Ae Sanger Herald (California) prints a poem for Armistice Day from a new angle. It is not the dead who are mourned but those who have been denied life:

THE UNBORN OF YOUR DEAD THOUGHTS ON ARMISTICE DAY, 1931

By Maxwe.u W. ALLEN

We are the Ones who might have been, The Sons of those who bled,

The countless Daughters never seen, The Unborn of the Dead!

Here is the boy who should have been-- You see him not, yet he is here As he took form that cannot change, An image in a brain that died Between two searing bursts of flame. A child all straight and brave and fine-- Had you not called, oh Land! And War! Had guns not roared, had hate not killed, Had Life gone on in sweet relay Of Peace, and Home, and Her, and Love!

You see her not, but there she is, Undestined to exist for you, Visioned all sweet amid the stench Of death, by him to whom Death came. For she is fair beyond your dream-- As fair to him as she who waits n For him who died that night in France. You see her not, nor will you see Her stalwart sons who could have been, Her daughters born to other men!

Yes! Praise your sons on land and sea, And sing the price they paid!

We are your price of victory-- The Unborn of your Dead!

Aas for the writer. A song in any other voice would be but croakings of a magpie. From The Southern Literary Review (Atlanta) :

FAME By CuarRENcE L. HAayNIe£

The prima donna sings a lyrical Refrain, and myriad voices praise her name Beyond the glory of the kings;

Yet I who wrought this lovely miracle Am passed unnoticed by the voice of fame-- I only wrote the songs she sings!

A sona of regret for the withdrawing summer, in the Chicago Daily News:

TRANSITION

By Lucite LeEEecH

So hushed was the imperious summons that The summer had already fled

Before we sensed her muted song or heard The echo of her muffled éread.

And yet with all her languorous loveliness By devastation's breath unswept,

Awareness of impermanence and change Into her idyll might have crept.

For even flawless skies a warning hold! I watched a white cloud drift one day Across its field of blue to hover like A pall above a stream at play.

Soon to be vanquished, the last verdure but Awaits the autumn's avid fire.

Unquenched, the spirit of the summer's dream Rises above her kindling pyre.

Waa recurrent from a long-past age. Two Tudor poets, probably unsuspected by most, emerge from obscurity in 'The Oxford Book of Sixteenth Century Verse,'' chosen by E. K. Chambers (Oxford Uni- versity Press, New York):

Write inObieye

By Kine Henry trun Ercursa

Green groweth the holly; so doth the ivy. Though winter blasts blow never so high, Green groweth the holly.

As the holly groweth green, And never changeth hue,

So I am, ever hath been Unto my lady true;

As the holly groweth green With ivy all alone, When flowers cannot be seen And green wood leaves be gone.

Now unto my lady Promise to her I make From all other only To her I me betake.

Adieu, mine own lady, Adieu, my special,

Who hath my heart truly, Be sure, and ever shall!

THE VIRGIN QUEEN

By QUEEN ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND

*"'When I was fair and young, and favour graced me, Of many was I sought, their mistress for to be; But I did scorn them all, and answered them therefore, 'Go, go, go, seek some otherwhere, Importune me no more!'

"How many weeping eyes I made to pine with

woe, How many sighing hearts, I have no skill to show; .et I the prouder grew, and answered them there- fore,

'Go, go, go, seek some otherwhere, Importune me no more!'"'

Lan suspicion does not seem to die that the gods still consort with mortals as in days of old Homer. This in the "'Conning Tower' of the New York Herald Tribune holds to the belief:

BY -BLOW

By GwENDOLYN HastTE

Did Pan come out of the cowshed

And clip your mother one night

When she lingered a bit at the milking While the moon was heavy and bright?

For you never stemmed from your father, And only a god could twist

The stupid blood of your mother

To this child of cedars and mist.

Pan flees always from cities,

But still his hoofs must clear

The fragrant drift of the plowland Hunting Arcadian cheer.

So once in a while a farmer Shall look in a sluggish wonder On the flashing hair of a godling With eyes the color of thunder.

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34.

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Inc.;

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Canton, O.--Baer's.

Cedar Rapids, Ia.--Holden-Kahler Co.; Morris Sanford Co.

Champaign, Ill.--Lloyde's; Univ. of Ill. Sup- ply Store; W. Lewis & Sons; G. C. Willis.

Charleston, S$. C.--Legerton & Co.

Charleston, W. Va.--S. Spencer Moore.

Charlottesville, Va.--Anderson Bros.; Uni- versity Bookstore.

Chattanooga, Tenn.--T. H. Payne & Co.; Stapp's; D. B. Loveman & Co.

Chester, Pa.--Spencer Sta. Co.

Chicago, Ill.--Marshall Field's; Brentano's, Inc.; A. Kroch Co.; The Boston Store; Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co.; Davis Dry Goods Co.; Economy Book Shop; Geo. M. Chandler; ''The Fair'; Univ. of Chicago 300kstore; Doubleday, Doran Bookshop, care Mandel Bros.; The Pilgrim Press; Woodworth's Book Store; Womrath's Book Shops; The Methodist Book Concern; Workers Book Store; Wm. R. Hill.

Chico, Cal.--Chico Book & Stationery Co.

Cincinnati, O--Stewart & Kidd Co.; The James Book Store; Pounsford's; Pogue's; The Methodist Book Concern; Shillito's.

Clarksburg, W. Va.--The James & Law Co,

Cleveland, O.--Burrows Bros. Co.; Korner & Wood Co.; Brentano's, Inc., care Higbee Co.; Halle Bros. Co.; Richard Laukhuff: May Co.; Wm. Taylor Sons; University Book Store; The S. Barker Sons Co.; Har- vey's Inc.; Central Publishing House.

THE-LETERAR Y DIGEST

Cohoes, N. Y.--F. Steenbergh.

Colorado Springs, Colo.--Pikes Peak Bk. & Stat'y Co.; Kaufman Co. : Columbia, Mo.--Lucas Bros.'; Scott's; Mis-

souri Store Co,

Columbia, §. C.--Bryan Co.; State Book Store; Baptist Book Store.

Columbus, Ga.--The White Co.

Columbus, O.--McClelland & Co.; Long's Book Store; Columbus Book Exchange; F. & R. Lazarus; Varsity Shop; Nitschke Paper Co.

Corvallis, Ore.--University Co-op. Store; Corl's Book Shop.

Cumberland, Md.--Frank H. Barley & Co.; Ankeney Co.

Dallas, Ore.--J. C. Hayter.

Dallas, Tex.--Whitmore & Smith; Sanger Bros.; Schmalzried's; Little Book Shop; Baptist Book Store.

Danville, I!]--Woodbury Book Co.

Danville, Va.--J. F. Parker & Son.

Davenport, Ia.--Harned & Von Maur; J. C. Petersen's Sons Co. Sanford's, Inc.

Dayton, We -Pettibone-Mcla9n Co.; The Rike-Kiiiler Co. ;"iiteryM@y's Bookshop.

Deevatur, W}--Haines Seasick; McFadden's; Block Buhl Go.

Defer, Cole@="KendriéBellamy Co.; Her- rick's Book Store; Denver Dry Goods Co.; A. T. Lewis duSommiimy Co.; Kistler Stat'y Co... <piitt Book store; Publication Book Store; Phe Bookery, Auditorium Bookstore.

Des Momes, [a.--H. Jesse Miller's Book Deore; [L.. Oransky & Sons; Younker's; McNamara Office Supply Co.; University Book Store; Hyman's Book Store.

Detroit, Mich.--J. L. Hudson Co.; The Meth- Odist BookMGencern; Mermaid Bookshop; Oass-Detroib Bod, Shop; Richmond & Backus:

Dubuque, Ja "SBuetell Bites.: C. E. Fitz- patrick; C. F. Godweeshek's.

Duluth, Minn.--DWitieG@isa Block Store; Mabel Ulrich's BQGk Shepp Architects & Engineers' Supply Go

Durham, N. C.--Boo6¥ers Shop; Durham Book & Stat'y Co.

Hast St. Louis, Ill.--BalphisiiBeokest ore.

Easton, Pa.--Bush & Buli@s:

Eau Claire, Wis.--Kau @laire Book Co.

Elgin, Ill.--Cowlin's Bask Shep

Elmira, N. Y.--Mag@reeveys: Derby's; Rubin Bros.

El Paso, Tex.--Nortopi Bross Go.

Emporia, Kan.--ckdaliae cCarty Book & Stat'y Co.; SandaeleiBookstore.

Enid, Okla.-- Varsity Shop

Erie, Pa.--Erjo@Gat@o". Trask, Prescott & Richandson, Hine Boo Co.

Digene, Ore. --"wmrersity of Oregon Co-op.; MeMoranm« Washburne; Coe Stat'y Co.

Bureka, Cal.--C. O. Lincoln Co.

Evanston, Ill.--Lord's, Inc.; H. E. Chandler & Co.

Evansville, Ind--Smith & Butterfield Co.; Fisher's; Geupel Bros.

Everett, Wash.--Black & King; Rumbaugh's.

Flint, Mich.--M. E. Carlton Co.

Fort Collins, Colo.--Bowen's Miller's Bookstore.

Fort Dodge, Ia.--Stevens & Hogan Co.

Fort Smith, Ark.--Morrow's; Boston Store.

Fort Wayne, Ind.--Lehman's; Baade-Keil Co.; Wolf & Dessauer.

Fort Worth, Tex.--E. R. Conner Co.; '"'The Fair''; Bert Barber's Book Store.

Fresno, Cal.--H. 8. Crocker Co.; Fresno Book Shop; Radin & Kamp.

Galesburg, Ill--Stromberg & Tenny.

Galveston, Tex.--Purdy's; Ohlendorf's; Chas. Daferner.

Golden, Colo.--¥. R. Robinson.

Grand Rapids, Mich.--Herpolsheimer's; Ray- mer's; Trankla's.

Great Falls, Mont.--Dundas Office Supply Co.; Paris Dry Goods Co.

Green Bay, Wis.--Prange Co.

Greencastle, Ind.--Hamilton's Book Store.

Greensboro, N. C.--Wills Book & Stat'y Co.

Greenville, 8. C--W. H. Houston & Bro.

Hagerstown, Md.--R. M. Hays & Bro.

Hamilton, O.--H. Wuebbold & Co.

Harrisburg, Pa.--Aurand's Old Book Store; Cotterel & Co.; Pomeroy's Inc.; Evangelical . Book Store; The Bookshop.

Hartford, Conn.--Witkower's; G. Fox & Co.; Brown, Thompson & Co.

Hastings, Nebr.--B. M. Simmg

Haverhill, Mass --Mitchell G9@b.

Hays, Kan.--R. S. Markwellt

Helena, Mont.--Helena Offic®-Suppty Co.: Fligelman's.

Holyoke, Mass.--Fitzgerald Book & Art Co,

Hot Springs, Ark.--Steigler Bros.; Wehlan Book Store.

Houston, Tex.--T. Pillot Co.; Parrish's: Wit and Wisdom Book Shop; Lamar Bookstore,

Huntington, Ind.--Barnhart's.

Huntington, W. Va.--Cox & Campbell, Inc.

Hutchinson, Kan.--Book & Art Store.

Independence, Kan.--A. S. Case.

Independence, Mo.--H. R. Mills & Son.

Indiana, Pa.--Henry Hall.

Indianapolis, Ind.--W. K. Stewart Co.: L. S. Ayres & Co.; Kautz Stat'y Co.; Capitol Bookstore.

Iowa City, Ia.--Univ. Bookstore; Ries' Iowa Book Store; Iowa Supply Co.

Ithaca, N. Y.--Corner Book Store: Triangle Bookstore; Cornell Co-op. Store.

Bookstore;

Defines 140.000 Terms

Jackson, Mich.--A. Graver.

Jackson, Miss.--Baptist Book Store.

Jacksonville, Fla.--Baptist Book House; Cohen Bros.

Jacksonville, Ill.--B. F. Lane Co.

Janesville, Wis.--James Sutherland & Son.

Johnson City, Tenn.--The Office Supply Co.

Johnstown, Pa--Wm. B. Waters & Bro.; Penn. Traffic Co.; H. M. Berkey & Co.

Joliet, Ill--Henley-Relyea; Joliet Book Co.

Joplin, Mo.--J. W. King.

Junction City, Kan.--Edward H. Shane.

Kalamazoo, Mich.--Beecher, Kymer & Pat- terson; Gilmore Bros.

Kankakee, Ill --Kankakee Rondy's Book Store.

Kansas City, Kan--Dougherty Stat'y Co.; J. C. Rawles & Ca; Tibbs'.

Kansas City, Mo.--Emery Bird Thayer D. G. Co.; Cramer's; Kansas City Book Exchange; Amer. Baptist Pub. Soc.; Fred Harvey; Methgdist BOOK @ontenitt J onesS reNre. ; Geo. BeReck Dry Géadd Cos

Kidmahb Balls, Ore --Undext ded'SP hammacy.

Knoxville, Tenn.--Miller's Book Store.

Kokomo, Ind.--W. H. Turner Co.; Sweet's Bookshop,

La Crosse, Wis.--Hoeschler Bros.; Weis'; Williams Office Supply Co.

Lafayette, Ind--The Ray M. Southworth Co.; Decker Bros.

Lancaster, O.--Lancaster Bookshop; Gil- lespie's Book Store.

Lancaster, Pa.--L. B. Herr & Son; Barr's.

Lansing, Mich.--J. F. Crotty; Emery-Pratt; Michigan School Service, Ine.

Lawrence, Kan.--University Book Store; Rowland's Bookstore; The Book Nook.

Leavenworth, Kan.--Kiser's; Geiger's,

Lebanon, Pa.--Bollman's; Harpel's.

Lewiston, Ida.--Kling's; Schick & Howe.

T.ewiston, Me.--Berry Paper Co.; B. Peck.

Lexington, Ky.--Veach's Book Store.

Book Store;

NOVEMBER 26,

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1.325 Pages--2.500 Hlustrations

Sapphire Blue Flexible Fabrikoid Binding

Gold Lettering and Ornamentation; Bible Paper; Marbled Edges; Indexed; 9% ins. High; 634 ins. Wide; 154 in. Thick

Lima, O.--Schell's Book Store.

Lincoln, Neb.--Miller & Paine; H. Herpols- heimer Co.; Lincoln Book Store.

Little Rock, Ark.--Allsopp & Chapple; Gus Blass Co.; Baptist Book House.

Livingston, Mont.--Sax & Fryer.

Logansport, Ind.--Seybold D. G. Co.; Nefi's.

Long Beach, Cal.--Buffum's; Brown's.

Lynchburg, Va.--J. P. Be'l Co. Inc.

T@pden, Wash. S-Y. H.APomp)

Ryan asseSR. S. Bates Com JorsyeCos- telloy TEL Rogers

Macon, Ga.--J. W. Burke.

Madison, Wis.--University Cooperative Co.; Moseley Book Co.; Brown Book Shop; Hawthorne Book Shop.

Manchester, N. H.--Goodman's Bookstore.

Manhattan, Kan.--Endacott's Book Store.

Manitowoc, Wis.--J. Bigel & Sons; Fechter's.

Marion, O.--Wiant's Book Store.

Marshfield, Ore--Coos Bay Stat'y Co.

McMinnville, Ore.--Harper Jamieson.

Medford, Ore.--Swem's.

Memphis, Tenn.--Taylor's; The New Bry's.

Miami, Fla.--Burdine's; Cromer-Cassel's.

Middletown, Conn.--Hazen's Book Store.

Milwaukee, Wis.--Des Forges; Hampel's;

Lowenstein's;

Gimbel's; The H. H. West Co.; The Herz- feld-Phillipson Co.; Siekert & Baum Stat'y Co.; Caspar Krueger Dory Co.

NOVEM BIEIR. 926/119 30 RHEQEITERARY DIGEST

English Language|

35

His Name Is in This List

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New from Cover to Cover

The Funk & Wagnalls Practical 'Standard Dictionary defines the very newest words and phrases in our lan- guage, such as belga, Byrd, Dail Eireann, Fascist, robot, rodeo, television, milline, nCrOnUne, synura, vactuphone, vitamin, etc.

Many Exclusive Features

Just_a few exclusive points of Prac- tical Standard Dictionary superiority are: (1) The entire vocabulary is in one alphabetical order, (2) The most com- mon meaning is given first, (3) All definitions are by definitive statement, (4) 12,000 lines are devoted to 6,000 synonymic treatments, (5) It presents 6,000 antonyms and indicates correct use of prepositions.

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In schools, in business offices, in homes--for teachers, doctors, law- yers, writers--for public speakers, stu- dents, men of affairs--for club women, business women, society women, and women directing home _ affairs--for parents who are training their children in that priceless accomplishment, the correct use of our language--for all who speak, read, or write English, or who desire to do so, this volume will prove a never-failing guide of sterling worth.

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Missoula, Mont.--Office Supply Co.

Mobile, Ala.--Hammel's; Reiss'.

Modesto, Cal.--The L. M. Morris Company.

Moline, Il]--Carlson Bros., Inc.

Monmouth, Ill--Wirtz's; McQuiston's.

Montgomery, Ala.-- The Fair."

Moscow, Ida.--R. Hodgins.

Muncie, Ind--C. A. Penzel.

Muskegon, Mich.--Daniel's; Whipple, Inc

Muskogee, Okla.--Chicago Book Store.

Nashville, Tenn.--Presbyterian Book Store; Whitmore & Smith; Zibart Bros.; Mills'; Stokes & Stockell, Inc.; Baptist Book Store; Kastner Knott.

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Concern; Barnes & Noble; Fleming H. Revell Co.; Beacon Bookshop; Britannica Bookshop; B. Altman & Co. Bookshop; Columbia Univ. Press Bookstore; A. G Seiler; New York Univ. Press Bookstores; M. J. Whaley, Inc.; Stevenson & Marsters; G. E. Stechert & Co. Norfolk, Va.--Wm. Freeman & Son; Atlantic Book Stores. : Northampton, Mass.--Bridgman & Lyman; Hampshire Book Shop. Norwich, Conn,--The Cranston Co. Oakland, Cal.--Smith Bros.; Dewitt's Inc.; Western Book & Tract Co.; Capwell's; Dalton Bros.; Holmes Book Co.; Schles- singers Dept, Store; Capwell, Sullivan & Furth. Oak Park, Ill_--'' The Fair."" yy. Ogden, Utah.--Veasy-Clements; Wrights'. Oil City, Pa--Edward W. Wallace. klahoma City, Okla.--Baptist Bookstore;

Book Store; Snellenburg's; Archway Book Store; Peter Reilly; Presbyterian Book Store; Geo. W. Jacobs Co.; A. R. Womrath, Ine.; Brentano's; Doubleday, Doran Book Shop; American Baptist Book Store; A. Pomerantz.

Phoenix, Ariz.--Berryhill Co

Pittsburgh, Pa.--Jos. Horne Co.; Kauf-

mann's; J. R. Weldin Co.; Harrison J.

Hays; Gimbel's; Brentano's Inc.; United

Presbyterian Board of Pub.; The Method-

ist Book Concern; Stevenson & Foster.

Plymouth, Mass.--A. 8. Burbank.

Pocatello, Ida.--Rork's Book Store.

Pontiac, Mich.--Brown Bros.

Port Huron, Mich.--David McTaggart Co.

Portland, Me.--Loring, Short & Harmon; Porteous, Mitchel & Braun.

Portland, Ore.--J. K. Gill Co.; Meier & Frank Co.; Hyland's; Irwin Hodson Co.; Olds Wortman King Co.

Poughkeepsie, N. Y.--College Bookstore.

Prescott, Ariz --Acker's Book StoreiePe Brooke &

Providence,

Quincy, Raleigh, N® Baptist Bo Reading, Pa. Hintz. Reno, Ne Wright Richmond, C3 Richmond, U.P Nicholson & Bro. Richmond, Va.--Bell Book & Miller & Rhoads, Inc.; Preg of Pub.; Whitmore & Smi Co.; Baptist Book Store. Riverside, Cal.--Rouses, Ini Roanoke, Va.--Caldwel Stat'y Co. Rochester, Minn.--Arden

Rochester, N. Y.--Scra Lindsay & Curr Co.; University Bookstore.

Rockford, [ll--Rockford € Hess Bros.

Rock Island, Ill--Augustar L. 8. McCabe & Co.

Rockland, Me.--Fuller-Cobb, Tuttle, Inc.; Knox Bookstore:

Rome, Ga.--Rome Book Co.; Wy8

Roseburg, Ore.--Roseburg Bookstor&

Rutland, Vt.--The Tuttle Co.; G. E. Cha'

Sacramento, Cal.--H. 8. Crocker Co.; Levi son's; H. E. Jones Bookstore.

Saginaw, Mich.--Kelsey's; Connery-Palmer Co.; M. W. Tanner D. G. Co.

St. Joseph, Mo,--W. Schroeder Book Store; Smith's Bookstore; Mannschreck's

St. Louis, Mo.--Stix, Baer & Fuller; Scruggs- Vandervoort-Barney's; Famous-Barr D. G. Co.; Doubleday, Doran Bookshop; Conrad Witter; Presbyterian Book Store; Eden Pub. House; Concordia Pub. House. .

St. Paul, Minn.--St. Paul Book & Stat'y Co.; The Golden Rule; Crist Book Shop; Emporium Merc. Co.; Mabel Ulrich's Book & Print Shop.

St. Petersburg, Fla.--Palm Book Shop.

Salem, Mass.--The Book Shop; Jerry Costello.

Salem, Ore.--Patton Bros; Commercial Book Store; Atlas Book Store; Miller's.

Salisbury, Md.--White & Leonard.

Salt Lake City, Utah.--Deseret Book Co.; Pembroke Co.; Utah-Idaho School Supply

Co.

San Angelo, Tex.--Probandt Printing Co.

San Antonio, Tex.--Joske's Dept. Store; Nic. Tengg; Wolff & Marx Co.

San Bernardino, Cal--Barnum & Flagg. |

San Diego, Cal.--Stationer's Corporation; Hutton's; Arey-Jones Co.

Sandusky, O.--G. F. Denzer Co. |

San Francisco, Cal.--''The White House"; The Emporium; Holmes'; Paul Elder's; Neal Stratford & Kerr; City of Paris; H. 8. Crocker Co., Inc.; J. W. Stacey; Wellendorf Book Co.; French Bookstore; California School Book Depository; Graham Ray; A. Carlisle & Co.; Schwabacher-Frey Co.;

Sioux City, Ia--Martin Co.; Davidson's.

Sioux Falls, S. D.--Sioux Falls Book & Sta- tionery Co.

South Bend, Ind.--The Book Shop; Robert- son Bros. Co.

Spartanburg, §. C.--The Dupre Book Co.

Spokane, Wash.--John W. Graham & Co.; The Crescent; Spokane Dry Goods Co.

Springfield, Ill.--Coe Bros.; F. R. Simmons.

Springfield, Mass.--Johnson's; Forbes & Wallace, Inc.; Meekins, Packard & Wheat Bookshop.

Springfield, Mo.--Browne Bros.; Heer's.

Stamford, Conn.--Stamford Book Store, Inc.

Stanford University, Cal--The Stanford Bookstore.

Staunton, Va.--Beverly Book Co.; Bear Book Co.

Stillwater, Minn.--Stillwater Book & Sty. Co.

Stockton, Cal.--Morris Bros.; Kendall-Tred- way; Quinn's.

Streator, IIl.--D. Hee

J

nan Mere. Co.

okstore; Every- undy's; Student's Univ. Bookstore;

y Tacoma, Wash.

Fisher. Co. te Bookshop.

a--A. Herz.

@, lex.--Presbyterian Com. of Pub.

, O.--Lasalle & Koch Book Shop; Lion

D. G. Co ; Franklin Ptg. & Eng, Co.; Lam-

son Bros. Co.; The Blade Ptg. & Paper Co.

opekaeKan.--Hall's; Kansas Book Co.; D

ers Book Store; Stoll ill & Co.; Troy

Wyatt's Bookshop Tulsa, Okla.--Tulsa B Twin Falls, Ida.--Clo:

Vallejo, Cal.--Smith's

Valparaiso, Ind.--M:

Vincennes, Ind.--C. g

Waco, Tex.--Sanger, "3.

Washington, D. 2 ; Wood- ward & Lothrop allantyne & Sons;

r 0.; 5S. Kann Son's

wall; Paul Pearlman;

Op; Pursell's Bookstore;

Co.

aterbury, Conn.--Davis & Nye; Louis

Mohill's Book Store.

Watertown, N. Y--C. R. Allen Co., Inc.; Edson E. Robinson, Inc.

Watertown, S. D.--D. F. Jones Drug Co.

Waukegan, Ill_--Pearce's Book Store.

Wellington, Kan.--Brown's Bookstore.

Wenatchee, Wash.--C. H. Armstrong.

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Wilkes-Barre, Pa.--Long's; Fowler, Dick &

Walker; Pomeroy's, Inc.; Wide Awake

Book Shop; Deemer & Co ; Kressley's.

Williamsport, Pa.--Geo. B. Wolf; H. G.

Phillips Supply House.

Wilmington, Del.--''Butler's, Inc."'; Green- wood Bookshop.

Wilmington, N. C--C. W. Yates & Co.; James Book & Stat'y Store.

Winona, Minn.--The Williams Book Store.

Winston-Salem, N. C.--W. H. Watkins.

Woodland, Cal.--J. F. Laurence.

Worcester, Mass.--Davis & Banister; Den- holm & McKay Co.

Yonkers, N. Y.--Biber Bros. Stores.

York, Pa.--Regal Co.; Wagner's Bookstore; L. P. Gross.

Youngstown, O.--Geo. McKelvey Co.; C. H. Krauter Co.; Strouss-Hirshberg Co.

Zanesville, O.--Edmiston Book & Stat'y Co.

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n; Newbegin's; John Howell. Hill's; Winch & Marshall; say; College Bookstore.

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New Britain, Conn.--Beacon Book Shop. New Brunswick, N. J.--Strauss'; Reed's. New Haven, Conn.--h. P. Judd Co.; Whit- lock's; Schartenberg's. New London, Conn.--Old Huguenot Book Shelf. New Orleans, La.--8. D. Siler; F. F. Hansell; D. H. Holmes & Co.; Maison-Blanche. Newton, Kans.--Phil. M. Anderson. New York, N. Y.--Brentano's; Macy's; Wanamaker's; Gimbel's; Lord & Taylor Book Shop; Goldsmith Brothers; Wom- rath's 33 Stores; Bloomingdale's; Scribner's; Putnam's; Dutton's, Inc.; Pennsylvania Terminal Book Shop; Barclay Bookshop; Doubleday Doran Book Shops; McDevitt- Wilson Co.; The Sherwood Co.; Himebaugh & Browne; Ball & Wilde; Stern Bros.; Sun- wise Turn Book Shop; The Methodist Book

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INVESTMENTS

AND FINANCE

Economics of a Wine--Beer Comeback

HE AGITATION FOR LEGALIZING the sale of light wines and beer leads one of our great banks to consider the economic effects of such a step.

The Index, published by the New York Trust Company, re- calls the assertion frequently heard wherever wets foregather, 'that prosperity would follow in the wake of a return to the legalized sale of light wines and beer."

We hear talk of a billion dollars more in Federal and State taxes, of two million men being put back to work, of more money going to the farmer for his grain and grapes, and of the invest- ment opportunities involved in the capitalization of the revived In the light of all this, The Index thinks it worth ""con-

industry. while to check up on the subject, reminding us that it is cerned solely with the economic aspects of this complex and many-sided question."

At the very beginning it is pointed out that even the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment would not necessarily legalize the sale of wine and beer in all the forty-eight States, since nearly two-thirds of them have Prohibition laws of their own.

Next we come to Federal taxes, and here The Index thinks that the return of light wines and beer would have its greatest effect. Until we had Prohibition the taxes on alcoholic bever- ages were a large and dependable source of revenue. The Asso- ciation Against the Prohibition Amendment has estimated that Federal revenue from liquor taxes would amount to $1,000,500,- 000 for the fifteen States where the sale of liquor formerly was legal--this including all alcoholic beverages. Even higher estimates have been made. But The Index recalls that in no year prior to 1920 did the Federal income from taxes on alcoholic beverages reach any such proportions. The revenue from this source was $443,840,000 in 1918, and $483,051,000 in 1919. In each case about one-fourth of this revenue came from fermented liquors.

Ap speaking of consumption, figures gathered by the United States Brewers Association have estimated our potential beer consumption at 50,000,000 barrels a year. This estimate does not seem to The Index so very far out of the way. Now ''with a tax of six dollars a barrel on beer (the rate when Prohibition went into effect) which might prevail until Congress should enact a new rate, the revenue from a production of 50,000,000 barrels would amount to $300,000,000 a year, an amount equal to about 10 per cent. of the annual Federal internal revenue collection."

State revenues to be derived from wine and beer are even harder to estimate than Federal, we read:

Were some type of government sales to be adopted, as now pre- vails in the Canadian provinees, profits from retail sales would go to the States.

If a type of State-monopoly system were adopted, with private limited dividend company operation, the profits above the lim- ited dividend would go to the States.

In 1928, nine Canadian provinces, with a population of ap- proximately 9,000,000, collected about $23,000,000 from liquor sales. Mr. John C. Gebhart, Director of Research of the Associa- tion Against the Prohibition Amendment, estimates that, on this basis, the seventeen ''wet'' States would collect about $150,- 000,000 a year.

Another possible source of revenue might be the sale of licenses, probably by local governmental units, to establishments selling these beverages at retail.

How about savings and enforcement costs? In 1930 it cost nearly $35,000,000 for Federal enforcement of Prohibition. In 1931 the estimated cost is $51,000,000, from which fines aggre- gating $5,000,000 should be subtracted, leaving the net cost of enforcement around $46,000,000. But--

The cost of Federal supervision, which would be required in the event of repeal, would depend on the machinery necessary to control liquor traffic and to collect taxes under a new law. There is no way of estimating this cost and, therefore, the possible 36

saving over and above the present cost of enforcement is not determinable. ;

And now we come to the effect on employment. To quote:

Available evidence does not indicate that either outright repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment or modification of Prohibition would create a new industry. Such change would replace a decentralized, inefficient, and costly illegal industry with a ¢o- ordinated, efficient, and economical legal industry. Honest jobs would replace criminal occupations.

pce the actual number who would be put back to work is relatively small, The Index estimating that, ''the total number furnished employment by the industry, excluding those engaged in the production of distilled liquors, did not exceed 250,000" in the years before Prohibition. But there would be a temporary stimulus to employment--

Fewer than 200 breweries of the 1,100 in active operation in 1918 are legally operating to-day. Consequently, it would probably require the services, for a short time, of thousands of carpenters, painters, mechanics, electricians, plumbers, and laborers to recondition and reequip the 900 plants which have been. standing idle or have been devoted to other use.

'What is more, the return of light wines and beer would prob- ably be no more of a panacea for agriculture than for employ- ment,''? we read on. The point here is that, ''even before Prohi- bition less than 2 per cent. of the total grain crop was required in the manufacture of spirits and beer.'' There would, of course, be a considerable revival in the barley and hops markets.

When it comes to the need for capital, it is pointed out that the investment in plants for the manufacture of beer, wine, and spirits in 1914 amounted to nearly a billion dollars. No figures are available for the considerable investment in retail establish- ments. But ''almost all the former beer-brewing property re- mains in the hands of the original owners.'' Therefore--

The investment possibilities are not so great as they would be if many wholly new plants would be required. It is estimated that a revival of the legal sale of beer would necessitate an invest- ment of about $200,000,000 for the rehabilitation of the industry.

Tus legalization of wine making, it is thought, would not require any great capital investment.

But a restoration of the legal status of wine and beer would stimulate other industries, it is pointed out:

Some of the industries and trades directly affected would in- clude bottling plants, cooperage plants, plants manufacturing brewing and distilling apparatus, delivery trucks, railways, and makers of refrigerating machinery. On the other hand, the re- legalization of alcoholic beverages might conceivably result in a loss to some industries, as, for example, soft drinks.

Hotels, restaurants, and similar establishments might be expected to benefit from a revival of the legitimate sale of alcoholic beverages.

Moreover, real-estate values, in many instances, have suffered through padlocking of properties under Prohibition. It has been estimated that the loss in rental resulting from padlocking of properties since 1920 amounts to more than $60,000,000.

Summarizing the findings, then, we have it all here in a nutshell:

In recapitulation--from the most conservative standpoint-- agriculture would benefit but slightly, while the number of men to whom employment would be furnished would, in all probabil- ity, be much smaller than is indicated by many widely circulated estimates, altho some employment would be furnished in re- habilitating the industry. Demand for some two hundred mil- lion dollars' worth of equipment might prove to be a stimulant to business, but the chief economic benefits probable from the return of light wines and beer would be the provision of additional substantial and dependable sources of Federal and State revenues together with the replacement of a decentralized and uneco- nomic illegal industry by a coordinated and efficient legal industry.

NOVEMBER 26,1932 To Business--''Face the Facts"

USINESS managers ''are merely rid-

ing for a later fall" if they do not

face the facts--even tho the worst of the depression may be passed.

Too many corporations, says the writer of the current Ernst & Ernst Bulletin, aro finding it '"'ineonvenient and disconcerting to recognize sharply that the values which formerly existed do not exist."" But this is the one thing that must be done in order

"that a business can make the most of what it has for the future.

Nothing can be lost by a definite writing

- down of values, says the writer for this ac- counting firm.

After all, ''a dollar earned in 1933 is

- more important than a dollar lost in 1932." This is the point: ''It is to 1933 and subse- quent years that business should now look,

and everything which harasses the future prospect of profitable operations should be eut off and left in the wake."

There are to-day "'not merely one nor one hundred, nor one thousand, but liter- ally tens of thousands of corporations"' in @ position to operate with fair assurance of profit if their managers are willing to do business on actually existing levels, and for- get about the old days that have gone for good. As we read on:

A company suffers, perhaps, from what it ealls ''over capacity.' It has too much plant, too large facilities, too high values, to be carried by currently available busi- ness.

Some of the current excess may be justi- fied; the low volume of business and the un- profitableness of business will not always continue what it is to-day. Too many managements, however, still have their minds on the volumes of 1927-28-29. Or, even if they accept the probable fact that a return to those levels is not within sight- ing distance, they postpone the ordeal of acquainting owners with the facts.

Thus the overcapacity becomes a dead load which saps the vitality of that portion of the business which is alive. The dead portion should be cut off and thrown away, if necessary.

The part of the plant which is idle be- yond all reasonable hope of future activity is the most expensive part of the whole organism. With it, there can be no profits for the whole. Without it, there may be profits on the remaining live portion, if properly valued.

There may be savings in such specific items as taxes, insurance, and depreciation charges. These savings may represent the margin between profit and loss.

oe one thing, a write-down of assets "'compels the owners to recognize in one dose the losses which otherwise they would be forced to accept in numerous small doses."' For another, ''managements need the encouragement which will flow from balance sheets representing actualities."

And when it comes to credit, the banker is likely to appreciate a balance sheet which has been correctly deflated. As the writer continues:

To hope that the development of favor- able conditions will make unnecessary the

THE LITERARY DIGEST

reorganization of financial structure is to perpetuate the mistakes of the past.

The depression is due to a long series of mistaken judgments. When past mistakes have reached the point where it appears that there is nothing to do about them ex- cept to worry about them, then it is time to wash them out, abolish the worry, and devote the effort to future building.

The proper time for this has passed long ago.

The reason why the point needs reem- phasis at this time, however, is that the slight upturn in business has the effect of reviving worn-out hopes in the minds of some managements.

Voluntary reorganizations, initiated by managements themselves, represent painful steps, but they are less painful than eom- pulsory ereditors' committees or receiver- ships.

It is not too early to see that many re- organizations will be inevitable in 1933. If they are tackled with intelligence, they will be good. The individual unit will be im- proved, and the whole fabrie of business will be strengthened.

Already there are plenty of signs that business volume and profits eventually will come back to satisfactory levels. The speed of this recovery depends quite largely on how each unit in the whole scheme of things manages its own affairs. Already in 1932 there has been great progress in corporation reorganization.

False Hopes in Liquor Stocks

IGH PRESSURE stock salesmen who have been peddling beer stocks on the ground that the Eighteenth Amend- ment will be repealed, or at least that the Volstead Law will be modified in short order, are being roundly denounced as racketeers by the Better Business Bureau. And this blast recalls to the mind of a market writer on the New York Times that "liquor securities never were favorites in Wall Street speculation"':

Unlike the oil, radio, utility, and other shares, the ''booze stock" just did not seem to carry a popular appeal, altho a few of the more prominent were dealt in actively at times.

One of the reasons was that most of the prosperous corporations were family- owned, with small capitalizations, usually handed down from father to son, and in which the outstanding shares were limited.

In many cases, stock in these enterprises was unobtainable. In the instance of the most widely advertised beers, the producers were closed corporations--family gold- mines--and no stock was available to the public, nor were reports of their earnings published.

A few years ago an attempt was made to popularize a whisky stock on the New York Curb Exchange, but misfortune struck the play; first Prohibition and then a market crash. Most investors lost money.

The advent of new beer stocks on the market was described by the Better Busi- ness Bureau as a "'racket'"' to take advan- tage of the popularity of beer and the possi- bility that its manufacture and sale would be legalized soon.

Most of these shares were described as rank speculations, being based largely on possibilities, and with prospective earning figures computed on the basis of income which would put a prosperous speak-easy syndicate to shame.

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THE :LITERA RY WDEGEeT

NOVEMBER 26, :-1932.

THE LEXICOGRAPHER'S EASY CHAIR

(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE)

To: decide questions concerning the correct use of words for this column, . the Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary is consulted as arbiter.

Fieaders who require immediate attention will receive it if they enclose a stamped return envelop. No notice will be taken of anonymous communications.

clip-sheet.--'"'J. B. McK.,"' Newark, N. J-- A clip-sheet is a sheet printed on one side, prepared by a publishing house, a news-service bureau, or other organization, filled with items of varying lengths set similarly to a newspaper column, and sent to newspapers either gratuitously or as a paid service, so that such papers may "'clip'' such items as may be of particular interest to their readers, or that will conveniently fill gaps in the make-up.

colloquialism, provincialism.--''L. B. Pay Mobile, Ala.--A colloquialism is ''a form of speech used only or chiefly in conversation.'"' A word or phrase peculiar to a locality is a provincialism.

coterie.--''K. A. H.,'' Wilmington, Del.-- The plural of this word is formed regularly by the addition of s--coteries.

debit, debtor.--''H. C.,'' Wilmington, Del.-- A debit is a debt recorded in an account, and the person who owes it is a debtor or debitor (abbrevi- ated Dr.). The word debtor, or its abbreviation Dr., is inscribed at the left-hand or debit side of an account.

decibel.--''P. L. D.,"' Newark, N. J.--The decibel is the unit for the measurement of noise. This term has been adopted so recently that it does not occur in any dictionary. Scientists are still using the physical units expressed in terms of dynes per square centimeter.

esophagus.--'M. L. M.,"' St. Louis, Mo.-- This is the preferred medical spelling to-day, and has its plural regularly formed by the addition of -es to the singular. The word is directly derived from the Greek oisophagos.

inaugurate.--" D. W.,"' St. Louis, Mo.--This term, from its very origin, carries an inescapable sense of formality and dignity, or of ceremonial. One inaugurates a business, but one begins or starts a plan.

Janet.--'A.V.S.,'' Lorraine, Kan.--The name Janet is customarily accented on the second sylla- ble in the United States, and on the first syllable in England.

jewelry, jewels.--'H. G. C.," Atlanta, Ga.-- Jewelry is a collective noun and not properly to be used of individual gems or ornaments. Say, "She wore magnificent jewels,'' but '' His stock of jewelry is large."'

John Duns Scotus.--'T. M. McA.," New York City.--Duns Scotus's followers were called Scotists. When his writings on theology, philoso- phy, and logic were text-books in the universities, his followers were numerous and respected, but fearing their power, an opposing body arose that resorted to ridicule in its attacks on the scholars-- these were the Humanists; then the Reformers followed.

In 1679 Hobbes in ''Behemoth"' wrote: '' Peter Lombard, who first brought in the learning called School-divinity . . . was seconded by John Scot of Duns... whom any ingenious reader, not knowing what was the design, would judge to have been two of the most egregious blockheads in the world, so obscure and senseless are their writings."'

From Duns, the schoolman and subtle sophis- ticated reasoner, the word degenerated to mean a hair-splitter, caviler, specious reasoner, and thereafter, one whom much study has left dull and stupid, or one who lacks ability to learn; a dullard, blockhead, dunce.

kidnap.--" D. E. H.,"' Harrisburg, Pa.--Under the definition of the verb in the dictionary, we read: ''To carry off (a person) from his own coun- try or jurisdiction forcibly, by fraud, or by threats, and take him into another; especially, in ordinary usage, to steal (a child).'' We read further: ''The term originally meant to carry off or steal, either adults or children, for deportation from England to the American colonies, there to be employed ina servile capacity."'

The word was derived from the two words kid, which was originally a low slang word for child, such usage dating to the late sixteenth century, and nap or nab, meaning to snatch or seize. The compound word kidnap was apparently first employed early in the last quarter of the seven- teenth century. The earliest record of the term (1678) referred to kidknappers as ''those that make a_ trade of decoying and spiriting away young children to Ship them for foreign Planta- tions."" Ten years later, the word included the abduction of adults for the same purpose, and is toate. eed to mean the abduction of a child or of an adult.

laitance.--"'A. L. F.,'' Brooklyn, N. Y.--The dictionary defines this word as: '"'A pulplike fluid of the nature of gelatin, which issues from an underwater deposit of cement."'

lame duck.--"D. N. A.," Valencia, Pa.-- This expression has been in common use on the London Stock Exchange since 1791, referring to a broker who can not meet his financial obligations and, therefore, ''has to waddle out of the Alley.'' By whom the meaning of the expression was extended to include Members of Congress who had failed of reelection, and at what period, is un- known.

large, big.--'''G. N.,'' Rochester, N. Y.-- Large denotes extension in more than one direc- tion, and beyond the average of the class to which the object belongs. We speak of a large surface or a large solid, but of a long line; a large field; a -- large room; a large apple, etc. A large man is a man of more than ordinary size; a great man is a man of remarkable mental power. Big is a more emphatic word than large, but ordinarily less ele- gant. We do not say that George Washington was a big man.

lychee.--"E. P. H.,'' Bradenton, Fla.--The spelling lychee is an extremely unusual variant of litchi, which is defined in the dictionary as; '""A Chinese tree bearing a strawberry-like fruit: also, the fruit.' Other variants are lichee, licht, leeche, leechee, and the Chinese li-chi,

Marcia.--''R. McK.,'' Bessemer, Custom favors the pronunciation mar'shi-a--the first a as in art, the second obscure as in final, 7 as in habit.

news.--''R. C. M.,'' Chicago, Ill.--The word

news in the sense of tidings, fresh information, was __

apparently first employed by James I. of Scotland who wrote: "I bring the newts glad, that blisful ben," in 1423. Following that, the word was rarely used for another century, and then it be- came commonly employed in the sense that we still use to-day. Prior to the time of James I. of Scotland, the word had been in rare previous usage for about fifty years in the sense of novelties or new things.

In the first half of the eighteenth century, there became current a usage that is now archaic or colloquial, making news synonymous with news- paper. ''Yes, I saw it in the news."'

An attempt has been made to show a derivation from the synonymous Dutch nieuws, but etymolo- gists favor its probable descent from the Anglo- Saxon niwe which may be vaguely traced through various Teutonic tongues back to the Aryan stem neu, from which descended the Greek neos and the Latin novus.

Penelope.--'' J. J. L.,'' New York City.--This name is pronounced pi-nel'o-pi, in which each 7 is obscure as in habit, e pronounced as in get, 0 as in obey, stressed on the second syllable. The French pronounce it pe''ne''/lop', each e as in they, 0 as in go, major stress on the third syllable.

peony.--" J. P. H.,'' Hampden Highlands, Me. --The correct pronunciation is pi'o-ni--the first i as in police, 0 as in obey, the second 7 as in hit.

plumb full.--''A. L. M.,'' Dayton, O.--In the colloquial meaning of completely, entirely, plumb is an adverb, and modifies the adjective full in the colloquial expression plumb full. Probably the reason that the expression has never gained the dignity of being compounded, in analogy, to chock-full, is that it never gained the background of cultural acceptance; it is still a homely collo- quialism; in fact, British lexicographers label plumb as United States slang.

poacher.--"C. C. H.,"' Jacksonville, Fla.--A poacher is, strictly speaking, an intruder: one who intrudes, pokes or poaches into land where he has no business; the fact that he does so with the in- tention of spoiling the game is superadded, not lying in the word.

porte-cochere.--'C. E. §.," Park Rapids, Minn.--The correct pronunciation is port''-ko" shar'--first 0 as in go, second 0 as in obey, sh as in ship, and a as in fare.

presentation.--"E. C. C.,'' Carthage, Ill.-- The correct pronunciation is prez''en-te'shan-- first and second e's as in get, third e as in prey, sh as in ship, a as in final.

sompnour, somner, summoner.--'C. E. R.,'' Independence, Mo.--The word sompnour dropped out of usage about 1550; its successor and derivative somner disappeared from English litera- ture about fifty years later. The only clue that we have to its pronunciation is that, following the general phonetics of the times, both spellings were probably pronounced the same--som/ner--o as in not, € aS in over. The successor of somner is summoner. >

Southern dialect; Southern accent.--'L.

._N.,"'_ Detroit, Mich.--The Southern dialect and_the Southern accent are quite different things. A Southerner, even tho reading aloud from a book that contains no dialect will indicate his origin by intonation, drawl, and the slurring of certain letters and syllables. The Southern dialect is as distinct as the Pennsylvania Dutch, tho less pronounced. -

To some extent the Southern dialect is a mixture. Some of it may be traced to the language of the English cavaliers of the early seventeenth cen- tury; some to the Spanish, and some to the French. This admixture on the tongue of a black whose vocal cords were not adjusted to any but the most primitive of sounds, gave rise to the so-called Negro dialect, with its many words of purely African origin. This dialect, absorbed by the Southerner, has to some extent influenced his own dialect, but is not necessarily a part of it. The two exist independently, but with much Overlapping.

Mich.-- --

:

NOVEMBER "261939

CONTENTS

THE LirerAry DIGEst for NOVEMBER 26, 1932

Votume 114 Noumper 22 Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue New York b+ b +

TOPICS OF THE DAY

War-Debt Fat in the Fire Again ....... 1 Battle of the License Tags ........... 3 Future of the Republican Party. ....... 4 Our Poll Is O. K.--What Price Pennsylvania? 5 PhOpicsrinebtiches «40.70 tu, PACS ee 2. 7

FOREIGN COMMENT

The French Arms Plan That Shocks Germany 8 Life-Linesuand Pife-Dines = - sa. 6 + .5) 9

LETTERS AND ART

When Painters Turn Self-Models...... . 11 Literature Breaking Soviet Chains....... 12 GirlcuineUnitormee et. ee 13 1G OCS Se 4 nies Biles Se a 13

RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE Mrs. Buck's Plea for More Christian Mis-

SIONANICS age Uae. cee ata 14 pbratminectore Mattiazes sus. 6S. «60s. oe 15 Whankfulbfor What?! Poem = 5.7.5... . 15 A Hindu's Warning to Western Women . . 16 Prayer Going to-the Dogs' <)- 2.5 <-0 4:3. : 16

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Miricksnol thes Rirebugs = sis oo <4 wees ee 17 Ape That Outclassed a Baby .-....-.... 17) Dangerous and Wasteful Hot-Water Systems . 18 A Roof That Needs a Lawn-Mower .... . 18 Closing Schools to Fight Scarlet-Fever .... 18 California's Plan for Lower Doctors' Bills . . 20 AG awoO-Headed Lurtie, == sa. 2s ee 20 Clean Out Your Pockets ss. 5... ss 2% 20

PERSONAL GLIMPSES

An Tavitation to a-German Riot ....... 22 The New Kind of Traffic Cop ........ 24 iNiome Massa otenllizatiOniees = 2 eee es 25 No Punches Barred in a Cherokee Ball Game 26 SbHenitstasiKOOfpAGkK se... ees ues ere 28 Vermont's Short Way With Bobcat Racketeers 29 Business Is Swell--North of 63 ........ 30 WuhateMakesPluck? saptets 26 2 acess se 31 MT oulxeepesugat SOG = sovnts ita ke ta se 32 CURRENT POETRY The Unborn of Your Dead ......:... 33 Fare snaeta eet ee ti wan Fee Cane sire 33 PL FAQS Ola) een erates ac emake Seen 33 Pepe Ol lyre eee i ene, eee 33 ThemvareinkOucen saan wee ete icakal one: wo ye - 33 ByY-Dlowe tte =. Seeks. eae ene Ghd. 2 33 INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE Economics of a Wine-Beer Comeback... . 36 To Business--'Face the Facts' ........ 37 False Hopes in Liquor Stocks .........- 37 MISCELLANEOUS The Lexicographer's Easy Chair........- 38 The Spice Of Litem ae sees se. eecin 40

Information for Subscribers

Terms: $4.00 a year, in advance; $2.00, six months; 10 cents a copy; Canada, $6.60 a year; $3.30, six months; 15 cents a copy; other foreign countries, $5.00 a year.

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Tue LITERARY DiGeEst title is registered in U. S. Patent Office, and in Foreign Countries. PUBLIC Opinion, New York, and CURRENT OPINION, New York, combined with Tue Lirerary Dicesr. (Titles registered in U. S. Patent Office.)

PaeAnPTERAR Y DIGEST

Rule One

for preventing

Colds

-a clean system!

LVE a

I¢ you're nursing a cold, see a doc- tor. Curing a cold is his business. But the doctor himself will tell you that you can do much to make your- self less susceptible to colds. During the colds season it is more important than ever to "keep regular." A clean system is vital in building natural resistance to colds. But when you use a laxative, be sure it is gentle! It is not safe to

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What Doctors look for

in a Laxative

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THE SPICE OF LIFE

Dry Ice.--We've given up taking cold showers every morning. We go down to the bank and ask for a loan instead.--Judge.

We Were All Frumps.--Youna Hopr- rut (looking over family album)--''Gee, ma, weren't we terribly old-fashioned when we were young?''--Pathfinder.

His Martyrdom.--F atupr--"' Troubled with dyspepsia in school to-day? Why, that's a strange thing for a boy to have."

Jounny--''I didn't have it; I had to spell it.",--Boston Transcript.

Stop! Look!! Listen!!!-- 'I wish to marry your daughter."

"'Can you support a family?"

OY es: ¢

"But there are eight of us!" --Alit for Alla (Stockholm).

One Hundred Per Cent. Effi- cient.--''The first lie detector," says Sam Hill in the Cincinnati Enquirer, ''was made out of the rib of a man.' And no improve- ment has ever been made on the original machine.-- Philadelphia Inquirer.

Won His Social Chevrons.-- - "Tm glad to find you as you are," said the old friend. 'Your great wealth hasn't changed you."

"Well," replied the candid millionaire, '"'it has changed me in one thing. I'm now 'eccentric' where I used to be impolite, and 'delightfully witty' where I used to be rude." --T1t-Bits.

His One Regret.--She insisted on taking innumerable frocks with her, and they arrived at the station loaded with luggage.

""T wish," said the husband, thoughtfully, ''that we'd brought the piano."

"You needn't try to be sareastic,'"' came the frigid reply. ''It's not a bit funny."'

"Tm not trying to be funny,' he ex- plained, sadly. ''I left the tickets on it."-- Washington Labor.

.

Thumbs Slightly Down. -- Children have their own peculiar way of expressing themselves.

"Well, Peggy," said the neighbor, '' how do you like your new governess?"'

Peggy thought a moment and then said: "T half like her and I half don't like her, but J think I half don't like her the most.''-- Boston Transcript.

and

Water-Tank Accommodation. -- An American in England was giving some illustrations of the size of his country.

"You can board a train in the State of Texas at dawn," he said, impressively, and twenty-four hours later you'll still be in Texas!"'

"Yes," said one of his English listeners, with feeling, ''we've got trains like that here, too.",--London Tatler.

40

(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. 8S. PATENT OFFICE)

Just Horsefeathers.-- He'd more money than brains, His acquaintances reckoned; He blew in the first And then blew out the second. --Boston Transcript.

Armistice in China. -- Mistress -- "Mary, Mary! Yesterday you broke two vases and to-day you have broken three plates and four cups. What will be broken to-morrow, at this rate?"

Matp--'' Not so much, ma'am. It is my afternoon out.'"'---Die Wochenschau.

Ti

| Ut |

ere My

| Nos

He: "I've a sort of feeling I've danced with you before somewhere."' She: 'So have |. The pressure of your foot seems familiar!"'

--'"'London Opinion."'

She's Got Him Buffaloed.--'' Are you a back-seat driver?"'

"Indeed I'm not. I sit right here where I can grab the wheel if he doesn't do what I tell him."--Railway Journal.

Listen, Grown-up_ Sophomores.-- Auto manufacturers now test their cars by having a stock model driven on a proving ground until it is totally ruined. That sounds like a job where a college education should help a lot.-- Judge.

Henry Dusts Off an Antique.--'' That trip wasn't any more convincing than his book. A Nebraska farmer has told me what took place. They took him through the hen-house where a lot of hens were on nests. Franklin asked the farmer, 'What is correct, are those hens sitting or setting?' 'Well, Mr. Roosevelt,' the farmer replied, 'we don't pay much attention to that; all we want to know is when they cackle are they laying or lying.'""--Henry Field, of Towa, in an interview for the New York Herald Tribune.

Slips That Pass in the Night

The Kind That a Wife Could Spare.-- Wanted--Laundry driver, wet and flat; married man preferred.--Boston Globe.

Smart Little Massacre.--Bridge was played after luncheon. Guests, who mur- dered eight, included only friends of the honoree.--San Diego Evening Tribune.

Human Curlicue.--Senator Borah was born in 1865 on a farm in Wayne County, Jolie G5 e

In 1907 he was elected to the Senate, where he has since been a stormy pretzel.--A merican Monthly.

In What?-- 17 WATERPROOF NEGROES DROWN --Monroe (La.) Morning World.

Here's Versatility.-- JOHN F. BRESLIN FUNERAL DIRECTOR ScienTIFIC CorszeT FITTING --Adin a Pennsylvania paper.

New Light on History.--The bed in which Abraham Lincoln slept in a Rockford, Illinois, hotel during his debate with Stephen A. Douglas has just been sold for $20.--New York Times.

Making a Thorough Job of It. --The bandits demanded heavy ransom for their release, threaten- ing to cut off their heads and then put them to death if the money was not fortheoming.--Unidenti- fied clupping.

How's This for Postal Service? --Van Mert walked off with his room after remaining at Diekel- mann's hotel several days and mailed it back at his own expense from Germany.--Johnson City (Tenn.) Chronicle.

Ye Disconsolate Editor.--After a de- licious dinner the overstuffed guests retired to the drawing-room where they were delightfully entertained by Mr. Orr (local theater magnate), who always has a good stock of eligible and ineligible parlor stories. Unfortunately, he was stopt before he had exhausted his stock of ineligible stories -- Eagle Bend (Minn.) paper.

Hot Parties Have a Future..--More than 100 fiends of the Ladies' Auxiliary of the Tilden Club of Flatbush attended the Hallowe'en party. Due to the success of the affair the club is planning a waffle party.--Brooklyn Times-Union.

They're Spreading Far and Wide.-- Mr. and Mrs. Otto Yerke were surprized by thirty fiends, Sunday, honoring their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary.--Ma- rengo (Ill.) paper. .

A Gem Without a Flaw

GEM Blades gather medals on chins where | And no beard can balk blades of that other razors meet their Waterloo. The temper. We make GEM Blades 50% thicker roughest stubble gives 'em no trouble. | to give 'em a deep, dogged, wedge-shaped Built of surgical steel--which GEMS | edge. There's no room on usual wafer alone use--steel that dares not nick or dull. | blades for such a deep, graduated taper.

A GEM Blade never bends, snaps or crumples.

GEM Singledge Blades fit any GEM frame, no matter Jow old.

But you can't use the new GEM Doubl- edge Blade except in the new GEM Micromatic Razor--the latest and greatest of 'em all--with $660,000 of exclusive features that shaving never met before-- including dual-alignment, which sets the blade so precisely that it can't skim, scuff or skip.

The first double-edged razor to expose only one numbered edge at a time, pro- tectively covering one edge until the other is used to the fw// limit of its keenness.

The first double-edged razor with the proper shaving slant shaped in the top, so that you're compelled to shave at the cor- rect angle.

Works with the same smooth, gliding stroke that the barber uses. And works just the same with either single- or double- edged GEMS.

A dollar a set, with five GEM Doubl- edge Blades. Gold-plated everywhere and sold there, too.

. g CRLEDGE

di

FREE--Mail a postal with your name and address and we will send you a new GEM Doubledge Blade with our compliments. Address Gem Safety Razor Corporation, Dept. LD3, Brooklyn, New York.

DOUBLEDGE] ~~ | (Gaeaee

MASE ie ge

2 MICROMATIC

©G.S.R.C.1932

83 out of 100

SLEEP BETTER

When They Take Ovaltine At Night

"83 people out of every 100 sleep better when they take Ovaltine."'

This is the statement of an eastern university scientist. Recently he made a test with Oval- tine on 2,500 people. He asked them to take it for three nights straight, and then report as to how they slept.

The people were selected at random. And the test proved that on the average, 83 people per 100 slept better when they took Ovaltine warm at bedtime. Of the remaining 17 per cent, many stated that they already slept perfectly well and did not need any aid.

This practical test merely substantiates scien- tific facts about Ovaltine that have been known to thousands of doctors and scientists for years.

Ovaltine, as you may know, is a delicious food-drink that was brought to this country from Switzerland. When taken warm at night, it not only brings sleep, but also contains prop- erties that rebuild tissues while you sleep. It makes you waken clear-eyed and refreshed in the morning, your nerves more calm. It also greatly multiplies your ability to recover from fatigue, and enables

== youto "come back" far more quickly when you are tired.

OVATTINE This Is How It Acts qi 2 = i a Authorities state that the

three most common causes of sleeplessness are:

hs

x (1) Blood-congested brain cells. (2). Digestive unrest. (3) Nervous irritability.

Ovaltine is so phenomenally successful be- cause it combats all three.

First: When taken as a warm drink, Ovaltine tends to draw excess blood away from the brain. This combats the mental over-activity, which often keeps you awake when you are trying to get to sleep.

Second: Ovaltine contains in high proportion a unique food property called diastase--a property recognized for its ability to digest the starch content of other foods regularly taken into the stomach. Thus possessing the power to lighten digestive burdens and help the stomach "'rest."'

Third: Also notable among the constituents of Ovaltine is calcium. And it is increasingly realized that a proper calcium metabolism is necessary to avoid nerve irritation.

Phosphorus, too, is an essential part of brain and nerve cells. Ovaltine supplies this in abundance and in its easily assimilated food form (lecithin)--together with a high propor- tion of the anti-neuritic Vitamin B.

Thus, a cup of Ovaltine at bedtime not only promotes relaxation and combats digestive unrest but also acts remarkably to overcome sleeplessness due to irritated nerves.

Begin Tonight

So say "goodbye" to sleepless nights. Get acquainted with Ovaltine this very night-- and see how quickly you sleep.

As you continue to take Ovaltine, note the permanent benefits it brings. Observe how quickly you fall asleep every night.

See how resistance to fatigue is built up-- how "'staying power'' multiplies.

That's why millions take it night after night, largely on physicians' advice.

But don't judge Ovaltine merely by what is claimed for it. Try it and see for yourself.

'Phone your druggist or grocer for a tin of Ovaltine today. You will sleep more soundly than you have, probably, in weeks and months.

NOTE: Thousands of nervous people, men and women, are using Ovaltine to restore vitality when fatigued. During the World War, medical authorities made it a standard ration for in- valid, nerve-shattered soldiers. It is also highly recommended by physicians for nervous, under- weight children--and as a strengthening food for nursing mothers, convalescents, and theaged.

MAIL FOR 3-DAY SUPPLY

(If unable to obtain locally)

THE WANDER ComPANny, Dept. 38-K 180 North Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill.

I enclose 10c to cover cost of packing and mail- ing. Send me your test package of Ovaltine.

(One package to a person)

She Swiss Food - Drinks

Manufactured under license in the U.S. A. according to the original Swiss formula