Literary Digest 1932-11-05: Vol 114 Iss 19

FINAL RETURNS OF OVER 3,000,000 VOTE The

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CONTENTS

THE LITERARY DIGEST for NoveMBER 5, 1932

Votume 114 Number 19 Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue New York + b +

TOPICS OF THE DAY The Campaign in the ''Fear'' Stage...... 5 The Uproar Over Smith's Newark Speech .. 7

Roosevelt Bags 41 States Out of 48..... - 8

Progressives Jabbing the G. O. P. Elephant . 10

The Great Hoover-Roosevelt Debate... .- - 11

Topicssin Brichyseca. oe ee ee: 12 FOREIGN COMMENT

Canadians Deny Tariff Reprisals ......-.- 13

The vburks tow lal burkishes. see) mene ace 14

Did Gandhi Help or Hatm Hinduism? .. . 15

Mussolini's Appeal to America ........ 16 LETTERS AND ART When 'The Good Earth' Went Bad .... 17 Damrosch Versus Stokowski........-.-- 18 Schumann-Heink Hits Back .......... 18 The Covetiacseyn «, a saan, 5 eee wees a 2S If England Chose a New Laureate ...... 19 RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE What Is the Meaning of Life? ........ 20 The Great Game of Grab. .......... 22 RusstaiseBancon God ce ea mene en aes 24 Home: Poems. es et een 24 Strengthening Marriage in Canada ...... 24 CURRENT POETRY Good-bye:tosYouth, a2 5) sais seen 26 Adventure 255 955s, tiie nae ee ee ele 26 Ds Hea ee OMT) SORA. cel Safari aera ok 26 Hospital." ... vhs cues eee) See eters 26 athe' Chinook Runisea-aeneaen aeerne ane 26 ill. 'Gountry? Seas: «senor eee eee eee 26

Patriotismeton Prattlers <4 cus e keeemsene enn 26

The: SecretPlacesi css, 3.4.4.5 oe eee 26 SCIENCE AND INVENTION

New Search-light to Trap Planes. ...... 28

Garriets of 'Disease-- 75 un 1s tare oan oie 28

Forgers Foiled by Ultra-Violet Rays ..... 30

Gold:Plated: Beats; 0 et pee ee 30

PERSONAL GLIMPSES Turning Bossy and a Truck of Spuds Into

anrAy Dee eo ce ee eee 34 What's in a Name? The Moscow City Ditectotyeicntricst cats: can eee tee 37 Frank Ward O'Malley, Brightest of "The Sun's=2Raysts fos cee ee eee a On the Slave Block in "Golden Samarkand" INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE The ''Too-Muchness"' of the Depression . . . 48 Our Foolish Political Nightmares ...... 49 Automobiles' After-Life Abroad ........ 50 MISCELLANEOUS The Lexicographer's Easy Chair. ....... 51 'The: Spicesoflitte sachs, ctv swar saeeey eee 52

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The Literary Digest

NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 5,

1932

TOPICS OF THE DAY

e e The Campaign in (a4 EAR"--THE WORD REVERBERATES darkly

through the climactic campaign speeches as Election | Day approaches.

Democrats accuse Republicans of preaching the "Bos pe oe ae

fear"' to affright us into voting for Hoover.

Republicans retort that the Democrats ed 'tt by preaching the terrors of a continuance of the Hoover régime, and argue that anyway the prospect of a ee ee Administration is something that ''is bound to cause fear.'

the "Fear" Stage

ealls attention to a report that a New York bank has ordered its employees to vote 'for Hoover, and a statement from the Socialist headquarters in New York characterizes the Ford bulletin as '"'the most brazen instance of industrial feudalism." Now let us see how this theme of fear and discontent runs through all the late October campaigning. In Chicago, on the 13th, Secretary of the Treasury Ogden Mills declared that Gov- ernor Roosevelt was trying to "'ride into office on a wave of discontent born of the depression.'"' He said the next day: ''the

Business leaders like Henry Ford and General Atterbury explain why they think Hoover's reelection would be a good thing for the work- ing people, and Democrats promptly accuse them of ''coercing'' their employees. -

Philosophical onlookers in news- paper sanctums smile at all the confusion and reflect that the cam- paign has finally reached its silly season.

Perhaps the best way to straighten out all this discussion of fear and panic and hobgoblins and bogies is to run through some of the recent speeches and statements raising the issue, and then see what the editorial reaction has been.

On October 17 the bulletin- boards at Ford plants displayed a conspicuous notice containing these sentences among others:

NAILING'A LIE!

On October 15 a New York brokerage house sent this statement over its wires:

"We are told that Tue Lirzrary Digsst has received over 35,000 letters in the last ten days from people who 'originally voted for Roosevelt on poll and now wish their ballotschanged to Hoover."

This story spread rapidly. When it was

brought to our attention on October 17, the '

Wall Street firm was told the story was 'false, and sent a denial over its wires, saying, "there was not a word of truth in this report."

On October 25 a radio speaker on politics re- peated the story. It was told him by a dis- tinguished political leader at the Chicago head-

quarters of one of the major parties, as this

politician himself admitted to us. The speaker made due apologies on the radio a few nights ater.

Asa matter of fact no letter expressing a desire to change a Roosevelt vote had been received at the time the rumor was first heard. Tur Litrr- ARY Diasst would be the first to give publicity to such an occurrence had it taken place. The story is obviously a political canard of the sort that desperate politicians sometimes spread in the closing hours of a hard-fought campaign. It was manufactured out of the whole cloth with the obvious intention of influencing either the betting odds, or the stock market, or to throw discredit

' disturbing is

most serious threat to recovery to- day is the election.' In Cincinnati, on the 25th, Mr. Mills declared that Roosevelt should not blame others for this state of fear. Dem- ocratic success, said Mr. Mills, "may mean a complete reversal of the very policies that have over- come the panic and made a firm foundation for recovery ''--

"That such a prospect should be inevitable. It is bound to cause fear. It is bound to disturb the public mind. The American people are intelligent enough to sense this without advice from any one."

Sacer OF STATE STIMSON in a New York speech warned the na- tion that ''a false step from the firm path that has been taken might well throw us back into a morass even deeper than the one out of which we have pulled our-

"The Ford Motor Company is not interested in partizan politics. We do not seek to control any man's vote.

""We feel, however, that the coming election is so important to industry and employment that our employees should know our views.

''We are convinced that any break in his [President Hoover's] program would hurt industry and employment. To prevent times from getting worse and to help them to get better, Presi- dent Hoover must be elected."'

oD an next day Gen. W. W. Atterbury, President of the Penn- sylvania Railroad, issued a statement in which he said he felt a personal responsibility to all the thousands of Pennsylvania Railroad stockholders and employees, to tell them his conclu- sions about the election. He declared that while Pennsylvania employees ''are, of course, at liberty to vote as they think best," he himself expects to vote for President Hoover, believing that his program ''will bring back normal conditions.' A statement by Chairman Farley of the Democratic National Committee that certain big Ohio rubber companies were trying to induce their employees to vote Republican was categorically denied by the heads of the companies mentioned.

The Socialist candidate for President, Norman Thomas,

on the Lirprary Dicest straw-vote figures.

selves."" President Hoover himself touched on the possible conse- quences of a Democratic victory as handicapping recovery, when he said at Cleveland, "'if there shall be no retreat, if the attack shall continue as it is now organ- ized, then this battle is won.'"' And at Detroit--''if the battle is not halted by a change in the midst of action, we shall win."

Then on the Democratic side Governor Roosevelt spoke at Wheeling of the ''specter of fear'' raised by the Republicans; at Pittsburgh, of the ''gospel of fear'? they were spreading. At Indianapolis he alluded to their 'political desperation'? and '"October hysteria."" Again, at Baltimore, he told his hearers how he was waging a war against the Republican four horsemen --''destruction, delay, deceit, despair.'

Among newspapers supporting President Hoover there is a tendency to think that a lot of unnecessary fuss is being made about the Ford and Atterbury statements. Why, asks the Kansas City Star, 'should not a business leader, equally with a political leader, in an appeal to party workers, ask for serious consideration of convictions exprest in behalf of a candidate for high office? '"'

'"When Mr. Ford advises the country that he deems the

6 THE LITERARSe

7 A: CHANGE. be

ree a "WHEW. IF THAT 1 VEN

SHOULD LET GO JUST As We'RE STARTING

ON THE UP GRADE!

Just Suppose--

--Shafer in the Cincinnati ''Times-Star.'

,

NOVEMBER: 5 ,. gagicez

DuG Esso

He Hitched His Wagon to a Star --Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis '"'Post-Dispatch."

A REPUBLICAN WARNING--AND A DEMOCRATIC ANSWER

reelection of President Hoover a paramount consideration for insuring the early return of prosperity, and when he warns the public that disaster lurks in any experiments with the opposi- tion candidates, he is only performing a patriotic duty,'' reasons the Louisville Herald-Post. It seems to the Troy Times that "those who administer the affairs of business are, of course, best able to see what is best for it and for the workers.'' These business men, who have spoken their mind about their political convictions, ''deserve commendation," in the opinion of the Grand Rapids Herald. Similar opinions come from Hoover papers like the Springfield Union, Philadelphia Inquirer, Cleve- land News, Cincinnati Times-Star, and The State Journal of Lincoln, Nebraska.

Al vtnn all, argues the Minneapolis Tribune at considerable length, Mr. Ford's interests are identical with those of automo- bile workers and the millions of potential car buyers in the cities and in the country. And it seems to this Minnesota paper to be "of no little significance that Mr. Ford, having surveyed the economic horizon in quest of that prosperity which is all-im- portant to him, has rejected the golden Democratic promises and declared again for Herbert Hoover."

And the Chicago Daily News has this to say about '' the gospel of fear'':

'Fear is felt not because of gratuitous allegations by Republi- cans but because of the proposals and legislative efforts of the Democratic majority in the House of Representatives under the leadership of Speaker Garner.

'Fear is inspired by fiat-money bills, by bonus threats, pork- barrel programs, wasteful plans of government construction, and by Congressional opposition to genuine economy.

"Fear may arise from the fact that Governor Roosevelt, while attacking the Hoover program of relief and rehabilitation as insufficient and inhumane, offers no positive program of his own.

'An appeal to discontent is not a program, and political capi- talization of distress is indistinguishable from the gospel of fear."'

But Mr. Hoover's journalistic opponents, whether they sup- port Roosevelt or Thomas, come out in a chorus of vigorous denunciation of what they call the appeal to the panic vote by Republican orators and business leaders. ''A prison cell would not be too severe punishment" for Henry Ford's ''arrogant

attempt to tell hungry workers how to vote,'' asserts Labor (Washington, D. C.), and it continues:

'Henry Ford is not quite so brutal as was Mark Hanna, but the difference is not spacious. All through the Ford announce- ment runs the plain threat: 'Vote as the boss wants you to vote or lose your job.'"'

Te is the Mark Hanna method, agrees the Scripps-Howard New York World-Telegram, and it declares that this kind of argument simply ''adds to the general gloom." It all boils down, we are told, to a proposition of "'if we can't run the ship we will sink it." But this paper does not believe that we have yet come to the pass where ''good Republicans will approve of burning the house to warm the party's baby."

The latest moves of what the Atlanta Constitution calls "the foredoomed Republican party' have, we are told, two motives: "'one, to alarm Democratic business men by predicting a season of panic in the event Mr. Hoover is defeated; the other, by threatening wage slashes and added unemployment if Governor Roosevelt wins, to terrorize employees into voting for Hoover."

Tats resort to terrorism is as despicable as it is reckless,' in the opinion of the Omaha World-Herald. It is an old-fash- ioned political practise which the St. Louis Post-Dispatch thinks 'should not be revived in any degree.'' By making this appeal, President Hoover, in the Louisville Courier-Journal's opinion, '"proves his unworthiness of the trust he asks his countrymen to repose in him." The Nation, supporting Norman Thomas, thus explains what it considers the Republican strategy: '"The Re- publicans feel that their sole chance of victory now lies in throw- ing the voters into a state of panic.'"" As the New Haven Journal- Courier sees it, ''the Republicans are fighting resentment with fear," and ''just as it is disreputable for Democrats to depend on the sorehead vote, so it is unpleasant for Republicans to court the panic vote.'' And similar expressions might be quoted almost indefinitely from representative Democratic and Inde- pendent papers all over the country.

To many a Democratic editor this "'campaign of panic'' is as futile as it is reprehensible. The country knows, according to the Richmond News-Leader, '' that what it has suffered under Mr. Hoover is worse than anything it has to fear under Mr. Roose- velt."" Nobody will be seared, insists the Miami News; ''the child on the floor declines to be fearful of falling out of bed."

NOVEMBER 5, 1932

TA ELE EERARY DIGEST

The Uproar Over Smith's Newark Speech

HEY ROARED AT EVERYTHING HE SAID. Shouts, cheers, and laughter of 17,000 swept the country by radio as the famous wearer of the brown derby, the "'Happy Warrior," the metallic-voiced, hard-hitting Alfred E. Smith, stood on a platform at Newark, New Jersey, and lasht.the Republican party in his first major speech for Governor Roosevelt.

But what is the effect of this flashing attack?

That question looses a thunderclap of controversy that rum- bles and rages across the political sky. Did it help Roosevelt in the East? Did it hurt him in the West? Strangely enough, it would seem that the speech delighted both Democrats and Repub- licans. Many papers are wondering what the effect will be of Smith's ham- mering on the "' bigotry issue."'

*"Al Smith's speech was one of the best that has been made for President Hoover in this campaign' is the flat statement of the Denver Post (Ind.). "Hvery bouquet he threw at the Demo- cratic National ticket had a brick in it.'

But to the Democratic Providence News-Tribune it was ''a blistering ex- posure of Republican hypocrisy'? which ""showed up Mr. Hoover's record of broken pledges."

han from it, retorts the Hartford Courant (Rep.). ''Itwasflippant, slangy, and essentially cheap."

"Tf damning by faint praise is a polit- ical art, then Al Smith is a great artist," adds Morris D. Ervin, Washington cor- respondent of the Cincinnati Times-Star (Rep.). "'It set Roosevelt leaders to wondering if they had not made a blunder in trying to make a national event out of Smith's capitulation."

But turn to the other side again for a few samples of praise.

"Tt was old Al himself at Newark," declares the Birmingham Age-Herald (Dem.), and ''Al Smith was at his best,'' echoes the Richmond Times-Dispatch (Ind. Dem.). And in New York City, The Daily Mirror calls it ''a smashing radio talk."

Turning to the speech itself, as reported in the press, we find a large part of it devoted to the Prohibition issue.

Reverting to his campaign of 1928, he charged the Republican National Committee directed the activities of Mabel Walker Willebrandt, former Assistant Attorney-General, who ''urged the Methodist Conference in Ohio and the Methodist ministers to go out and preach to their people to bring about my defeat--"

International

"The Party of Bigotry, Hypocrisy"'

"'Let it be read into the political history of this country that what she did at the behest of the Republican National Com- mittee, and the bigotry and intolerance that arose throughout the country because of her remarks, can be directly charged to that political committee."

Turning to President Hoover, Mr. Smith characterized him as "'the leader of the dry forces to-day in the United States," and then proceeded to attack the Republican Prohibition plank as a ''straddle."'

The party's candidates for Congress are not bound by it, he added, and then came one of the most amazing bits of his speech:

''Consequently, it is easy for them to receive the approval of the Anti-Saloon League, the Women's Christian Temperance

Alfred E. Smith excoriating the Republicans in his speech for Governor Roosevelt.

Union, the Ku Klux Klan, the Methodist Conference, and the aggregation of bigots that make up what they call the dry forces."

Ber the Democratic wet plank he wrote himself, and it--

"Has put the Democratic party in the bright light of intelli- gent understanding on the part of the intelligent people through- out the United States, and it leaves the Republican party to-day where it was in 1928--the party of bigotry, of deceit, and hypocrisy."

After referring to ''the sages of the Government in Washington

tossing out the window the billions of dollars that could be legitimately taken from this traffic;'' he asserted that '' this is the time to settle that question,' and "Sf you do not settle that question on the eighth of November, there is no use of holding any protest meetings in January."

It was not until his conclusion that Mr. Smith mentioned Governor Roose- velt, a fact which has been emphasized by Republican papers. He declared that "the election of the Democratic ticket is the best way to solve these problems, and the best way to bring back prosperity--the election of Roose- velt and Garner."

'Bor this is ''one of the most effective speeches yet made in this campaign for Mr. Hoover," declares Senator William KE. Borah, dry Progressive Republican of Idaho, who has refused to support the President on the Republican plat- form. ''He denounced as bigots, cranks and hypocrites and intellectual crooks all who are not in favor of tearing down all barriers against the return of the liquor traffic. He says to them in so many words, there is no place for you in the Democratic party."

"Tt is doubtful whether any more votes will be cast for Roosevelt because of Alfred E. Smith's speech,' says the Newark Star-Hagle (Ind.), in the city where he spoke.

Deploring the ''dragging in" of the "'bigotry issue,"' the New York Evening Post (Ind. Rep.) remarks that "'it is strange how far wrong a strong emotion, choked down and unexprest, can eventually lead even so splendid a man as Alfred EH. Smith."'

But if it was ''something very like a discharge from his over- burdened bosom of the griefs which he has been carrying there ever since 1928," says the New York Times (Ind. Dem.), "'it was personal, but pardonable."

'Prohibition was in danger of becoming the 'forgotten issue,' "' says the Philadelphia Record (Ind.), ''but Al Smith has revived it.' And this from the Baltimore Sun (Ind. Dem.):

'Perhaps it is the most auspicious circumstance in this cam- paign that Al Smith is still sore about 1928, and now joyfully exposes the frauds, and reveals their appalling consequences."

Such was the reaction to the Newark address.

Three nights later Mr. Smith made another fighting speech, this time in Boston. Repeating the charge that the Republicans had fostered the religious issue in the 1928 campaign, and ex- pressing the belief that they were trying to "'work it" again in 1932 by leading Smith followers away from the Democratic fold, he pleaded for ''unqualified, full and complete support of Franklin D. Roosevelt and John N. Garner."

8 THE! LA TERARY*Y Di Gest

N'O WE WM BIER 55 a teesez

Roosevelt Bags 41 States Out of 48

HAT'S THE POLL IN A NUTSHELL. The final report, here presented, gives the major candidates these totals:

Hoover, 1,150,398; Roosevelt, 1,715,789.

All records for magnitude of Presidential straw votes are broken by our grand total of more than three million ballots marked and sent in.

The Norman Thomas vote is 148,079, which comes to 4.84 per cent. of the grand total.

President Hoover's percentage of the grand total is 37.53.

Governor Roosevelt's percentage is 55.99.

Reckoning the Roosevelt dominance in States, it amounts to forty-one against Hoover's seven.

This last is unchanged since our semifinal report last week. Unchanged, too, are the all-important Electoral totals attached to these respective groups of States. That score still stands:

Hoover, 57 Electoral votes; Roosevelt, 474 Electoral votes.

That summarizes the data accumulated from all over the United States by the Lirmrary Dicest Presidential poll of 1932; the details are set forth in our tabulation below.

Unless all signs fail, unless some unexpected, eleventh-hour condition arises to reverse the nation-wide trend disclosed by this great monument of freshly gathered statistics, the complete poll will be interpreted by many practical men and women of all parties as a presage of a Roosevelt victory.

If that practical judgment is borne out by the event, the Democratic victory on Election Day will surely be a sweeping

one. Let our arithmetical readers apply the Hoover and Roose- velt percentages to a popular vote approximating that of 1928-- say, 36,000,000--and they will see that the possibilities disclosed by our vast sampling operation include what is popularly known as a landslide.

In a wild year like this, however, many sagacious observers will refuse to bank upon appearances, however convincing. As for Tur Digest, it draws no conclusions from the results of its vast distribution of twenty million ballots. True to its historic non-partizan policy--or ''omni-partizan,'' as some editor de- scribed it in 1928--we supply our readers with the facts to the best of our ability, and leave them to draw their own conclusions.

We make no claim to infallibility. We did not coin the phrase ''uneanny accuracy" which has been so freely applied to our polls. We know only too well the limitations of every straw vote, however enormous the sample gathered, however scientific the methoc. It would be a miracle if every State of the forty-eight behaved on Election Day exactly as forecast by the poll.

Here we come to the important problem of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. These two States are in the Hoover column of the poll. They were also in the Hoover column of our 1928 poll, with still larger Republican majorities, but both States were carried by Smith.

History repeats itself, and that variation of our 1928 poll may happen again in 1932. We have polled the two States in exactly the same way that we polled them four years ago. A study of the returns, in relation to the official vote of 1928, and

THE LITERARY DIGEST 1932 PRESIDENTIAL POLL: (Final Report)

HOOVER

How the same Voters voted in the

1928 Presidential Election 1982 Total Vote

4,272 2,574 3,712 81,834 11,950 26,469 2,384 3,937 9,302 4,823 3,282 76,414 40,227 23,372 23,529 13,114 4,004 11,462 12,854 60,712 49,728 32,613 1,051 39,071 5,971 11,405 701 6,943 69,828 1,270 164,453 9,963 4,878 81,512 10,692 8,551 93,057 8,856 1,601 5,910 11,352 15,317 4,744 4,945 13,440 16,717 14,365 21,375 2,201 17,661

Did Not Farm Soc Vote Com. Proh. Lab. Lab. Soc.

641 1 333 464 10,871 1,473 3,331 346 1,440 1,475 857 419 8,524 4,856 9.554 3,058 1,788

CoLorapvo CoNnNECTICUT DELAWARE

District o¥ CoLUMBIA .

MarYLAND..... MASSACHUSETTS MIcHIGAN MINNESOTA Mississippi MIssourRI

(Oi ol be rrml ) ome] 1 tel wedi bt) bi iol oo

Noi ltl al wolimiIt NIinwl et 1 li wel ini t|wiewlt Il

ww ORR COl ORD 1 | OWN ROR PIR | RRR 1 NOOW REN OINON WHEN ] PRO

Soura CaroLina Soura Daxora TENNESSED. .

hob bY ob ea ee

NORGINIAS 3s04 eotevernn< WASHINGTON

West VIRGINIA WISCONSIN

Pope le lel eol nw

|

3 2 2 1 1 4 1 4 4 3 1 2

1,765 11,401

_ Peo pt bebo te 2D ee Ie be EE, lh ek heres NS eae oer VG tL) Ran aes sie

152,076 37 149 20 28 366 70,793 926,929 1,150,398

Electoral Votes

ROOSEVELT

How the same Voters voted in the

Ge 1928 Presidential Election Total Vote 20,161 4,910 16,225 148,832 14,304 16,884 2,546 5,061 23,606 31,849 5,159 105,920 53,465 32,956 29,067 24,826 19,050 8,264 26,955 34,659 69,939 52,238 9,887 70,882 8,508 20,952 1,506 4,625 58,101 1,934 172,765

Soc. Farm

Dem Soc Lab. Lab. Proh. Com.

-- oo wl

Srove ft) ee =

Nome |e) et Pool | 1 tOOPI DMI | 1 YWeR et le we ol

ol ocomm 1 tl iene | bo

-- rirwltlomowi 1 | wwr coolirild

= > Pp RR O1 ool PRR mnNw

oo olrill nb co

bo

[oo OR Ml Oo Oe oe So wiririotll

_

meet) tiem tl i eee ee w

_ --

30,749

ro et ean Seal, et ah ae

SS eRe

less os

...GRAND TOTALS.....5¢

1,715,789 638,250 822,692

o bo wo --) = or _ _ i--)

252,096 3,064,497

POW EIM ERY 35.4 11.9°3.2

also to the ballot declara- tions of how the same voters voted in 1928, con- vinees us that in those States our ballots have somehow failed to come back in adequate quantity from large bodies of Dem- ocratic voters.

For these reasons we consider that Massachu- setts and Rhode Island may be expected to ap- pear in the Roosevelt col- umn on election night.

Thomas 1932 Votes

Reynolds 1932 Votes

ALABAMA

ARIZONA

COoLroRAnos. 6 an. .5 CoNNECTICUT....... DELAWARE

KENTUCKY WUOWISTAN A. 28 est MAINE

MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS... . WMITCHIGAN: <<) weak MINNESOTA....... MISSISSIPPI Missouri

MontTANA INDIRRAGKA > ee." Bee INGVAD A. Saree on, ae New HampsHirReb.... New JERSEY

New Mexico....... New Yor«k

NortH CAROLINA... Norru Daxora..... OHIO

It is further possible that Connecticut, New Hampshire, and New Jer- sey, which also give evi- dence of having masses of "silent"? Democratic vot- ers--''silent'"'? as far as straw polls are concerned --may also fold up their tents and steal away to the Roosevelt column.

And then, of course, there's another side to the picture. There are some close States in the Roose- velt column, and in these last days of the campaign the Hoover forces are making prodigious efforts to win them over, while the Roosevelt forces are making equally prodigious efforts to hold them.

New York is close. So are Kansas, Colorado, Delaware. The Republicans profess great confidence that they will win some important States by their whirlwind campaign of recent weeks, and they expect especially, they say, to carry Pennsylvania, in spite of the Digest poll. However, as this issue goes to press with the final returns, we know of no reason why the poll should go very far astray in the figures and percentages from Pennsyl- vania. Also, of course, the Hoover campaigners are working like Trojans in the Middle West, and trying to fan some flame of emotion that may leap into a last-minute backfire in favor of their candidate.

icine at the final figures we find that the number of declared 1928 Republicans voting for Roosevelt has risen to 638,250, or 37.19 per cent. of his entire vote. Contrariwise, the number of declared 1928 Democrats voting for Hoover reaches the total of 70,793, or 6.15 per cent. of his entire vote.

A question of great interest to many inquirers is answered by an analysis of Norman Thomas's total vote, showing that it includes 68,566 former Republicans, 33,695 former Democrats, and 30,250 who did not vote in 1928.

Our readers will be interested in a veteran economist's method of using the material furnished by THs Diaest's poll. Dr. Fabian Franklin unfolds his plan in an article in the New York Times. We quote a few passages:

"In Tur Dianst for October 1, eleven States were represented. Of the 222,014 voters in that poll, there are 172,826 who are set down, both in 1928 and in 1932, as supporting one or the other of the two major candidates. Of these 172,826 voters, 121,167 voted Republican in 1928, while 87,152 voted Republican in the present poll, and 51,659 voted Democratic in 1928, while 85,674 voted Democratic in the present poll. Thus, in this definite body

PENNSYLVANIA...... Ruope Isuanp SoutH CAROLINA.... Soutnw DaKorTa TENNESSEE

Strate UNKNOWN....

TorTats....148,079

MINOR CANDIDATES (Final Report)

BEES EL ERPAR Y. tDiAlGES T )

of voters, the Republicans have lost 34,015 and the Democrats have gained 34,015, which is 28 per cent. of 121,167, the num- ber that voted Republican in 1928.

'Let us see, now, what we get if we assume that the drift thus shown to have taken place in this sample of the Republican and Democratic voters of 1928 represents the drift in the aggregate of all the Republican and Demo- eratie voters throughout the country. The total vote for Hoover and Smith in 1928 was (in round thousands) 36,408,000; the vote for Hoover was 21,- 392,000; the vote for Smith was 15,016,000; Hoover's plurality was 6,376,000. Now, 28 per eent. of 21,392,000 is 5,990,000, and if this num- ber be subtracted from the Republican and added to the Democratic vote we get the following result as

Foster Miscellaneous 1982 1932 Votes Votes

Upshaw 1932 Votes

Coxey 1932

Votes Totals

713 362 458 11,310 1,978 4,867 279 697 1,491 872 641 325 853

ribet INDD

re udp

indicated for 1932: Hoo- ver, 15,402,000; Roose- velt, 21,006,000; Roose-

velt's plurality, 5,604,000.

"Treating in the same way the figures in the Oc- tober 8 issue of THE Digest, we find that it gives 624,889 voters as supporting one or the other of the two major candidates both in 1928 and in 1932. Comparing the 1928 vote with the 1932 vote, we find that in this definite body of voters there has been a loss by the Republicans and a gain by the Democrats of 133,485, which is 32 per cent. of 416,947, the number that voted Republican in 1928. The same percentage of drift from the Republican to the Democratic side, applied to the entire vote cast in the election of 1928, would result in giving Hoover 14,547,000 and Roosevelt 21,861,000, a plurality of 7,314,000 for Roosevelt.

"THe Diaust's issue for October 15 gives 1,586,810 voters as supporting one or the other of the two major candidates both in 1928 and in 1932, and it shows a Republican loss and a Demo- eratie gain of 375,191, which is 36 per cent. of 1,055,370, the number that voted Republican in 1928. This percentage, applied to the entire vote of 1928, would result in giving Hoover 13,691,000 and Roosevelt 22,717,000, a plurality for Roosevelt of 9,026,000."

14,202 198,310

4,390

13,990 15,743

shee overwhelming victory thus indicated for Roosevelt by the figures of the popular vote for the country at large, says Dr. Franklin, is not less decisively indicated by the figures for the separate States, as he proceeds to demonstrate.

And now, a word on our own account.

A fraudulent political ''rumor,'"' to the effect that 35,000 Roosevelt voters in the poll had written to Tum Dicusr asking to have their ballots changed to Hoover, is disposed of in a box on our front page. Circulated in a market letter from a New York brokerage house, later repeated on the air without mention of Tur Dicesr's name, this unscrupulous canard de- ceived thousands all over the country, despite the obvious absurdity of supposing that any sensible person could expect to 'change'? an anonymous ballot. At the time the falsehood was launched, Digzsr had not received a single letter of the kind

described. {Poll news continued on page 44}

10

THE LITER AR Y 7 DEGESe,

NOW: E MBE Re Sarl esar2

Progressives Jabbing the G. O. P. Elephant

LEEFULLY THEY DRIVE THEIR BULL-HOOKS into the hide of the Republican elephant, hoping to break his campaign stride as he races the Demo-

cratic donkey.

"Every pledge candidate Hoover made to the farmers of this country in 1928 is unredeemed."

So declares Nebraska's short, stocky, square-jawed Senator George W. Norris, Progressive Republican, as he thunders on the stump for the election of Governor Roosevelt.

"T can not and will not sup- port Mr. Hoover."

So proclaims California's Pro- gressive Republican Senator Hiram W. Johnson, fiery veteran of many a bitter campaign.

'IT shall vote for Governor Roosevelt because I believe he offers the only immediate hope for the relief of 10,000,000 un- employed men, women, and their children, and 6,000,000 farmers, who are threatened with the loss of their entire stake in our economie order."

This time it is Wisconsin's young Senator §speaking-- sturdy, dark-haired Robert M. La Follette, Progressive Repub- lican, who now has the rdle, once held by his father, as a thorn in the side of the Repub- _lican party.

Tavs, these leaders of the Western Progressives--radicals in the eyes of the G. O. P.-- join Senator Brookhart, Iowa Independent, and trumpet their discordant views as the leader of their party battles to stay in the White House.

Away they go, branching off sharply from the Republican parade, while loyal party spokesmen shout, ''Good riddance."

"Party perfidy,' no less--that is what their action means to the Democratic Knoxville Journal, and the Springfield Union (Rep.) asserts that ''Governor Roosevelt is in grave danger of being feared for the friends he has made."

Seite Democratic papers appear to chuckle over the strength which the Progressives may give Governor Roosevelt, but others will have none of it.

"Democracy wants neither overnight converts from the enemy camp nor two-faced sneaking 'job-hunting' Judases within its own particular ranks," flares the Meridian Star (Ind.). "Democracy can well afford to hang out the essential party sign: 'No Traitors Need Apply.'"'

But this is by no means the view of the Democratic leaders, it seems. In fact, Franklyn Waltman, Jr., tells us in the Balti- more Sun, that Senator Joseph T. Robinson, Democratic Senate leader, ''threw out a promise to the insurgent Republicans hold- ing Senate committee chairmanships, that they would lose nothing by supporting Governor Roosevelt.'

In this same connection, a number of editors are wondering if this action of the Progressives does not foreshadow a realine- ment of the old parties, with the Progressive Republicans turn- ing to Roosevelt and conservative Democrats swinging toward the Republican camp.

ME

--------~.

The Picketeers --Ray in the Kansas City ''Star."'

"The radical leaders of both parties now are marching under Governor Roosevelt's banner," says the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle (Rep.). ''It is a fact which should receive the serious consideration of all thoughtful, serious-minded voters.

"Tg a candidate who makes such a strong appeal to the Longs, Norrises, and La Follettes the kind of man that the masses of the people want to see elected President?"

Senator Johnson's statement that he would not support the President was ''quite unnecessary,' remarks the Hartford Courant (Rep.), for ''no one ex- pected that he would," and it adds--

"The Progressives of Con- gress want Mr. Roosevelt to be President. The rest of the coun- try will draw its own conclu- sions."

SON eects there is to be a Democratic¢ or Republican ma- jority in the Senate,'' says the Washington Post (Ind.), "it is inconceivable that regular Re- publicans will permit bolters to hold committee places under the pretense that they are Re- publicans'"-- a fee

"When a man deserts his party and then clings. to that party's honors under false pre- tenses, not having the decency to withdraw, the party must kick him out or suffer disintegration.

"The public has some rights, also. When the people elect Democrats or Republicans to execute their will, they are en- titled to faithful performance."

"But the so-called defection of these and others does not mean any change in their policies or prejudices against the Republican party,' remarks the Springfield Union, already quoted--

"'For that reason it does not hurt. It helps. It is merely a change from the masked to the unmasked. It arrays against the Republican party and candidate no strength that bas not already, tho covertly, been arrayed against its policies and candidates."

Bor the other side has plenty to say, too.

'""Whatever one may say of Senator Hiram Johnson," asserts the Richmond Times-Dispatch (Ind. Dem.), ''it can not be charged that he is a pussyfooter."' And in the Senator's--and Mr. Hoover's--home State, the Sacramento Bee (Ind.) adds:

"Tf this be distasteful to many, it might be said that Johnson's Republicanism to-day is at least as good as that of a President who did not discover he is a Republican until he had first found out it is the strongest party."

As for Senator Norris--''when he speaks, the people listen," says the Tulsa World (Ind.). ''He is the nearest to an actual independent in politics this country has seen."" And this from the Brooklyn Hagle (Ind.):

''La Follette, Johnson, Norris, Brookhart, Cutting, and Pin- chot are Progressives first and Republicans afterward.

"The President has incurred their hostility because he has not been, and never was, a Progressive. : '""The lions in Hoover's pathway might have been tame lions if he had not been so hard-boiled in his trends and tendencies."

%

MOVEMBER! (5% 71-9312

ERE WE ARE, ALL READY for the Hoover-Roose- velt debate. We've got a full house to-night-- 122,000,000 Americans watching, and the rest of the

world as an overflow audience. One of these two men will be our next President. Which is it to be? Only a few more days to go now. Will the country support the present Administration, or will it vote for a change? Tuesday will give us the answer.

Here, on one side of the platform, we see the President, a big, wide-shouldered, heavy man, with a broad face and graying hair. On the other side is his Democratic opponent, Goy. Franklin D. Roosevelt, a barrel-chested, big-armed man, with blue-gray eyes and a quick smile that lights his deeply-lined face.

They provide a strange contrast. Mr. Hoover, once a poor farm boy in the West, is attacked by his opponents as being identified with the ''big interests" of the East. Mr. Roosevelt, scion of a well-to-do Eastern family, is assailed, in turn, for appealing to the ''radicalism"' of the West and espousing the cause of the ''forgotten man."

Almost ready now. This debate will be in the form of a quick give-and- take as the candidates answer each other. The Smoot-Hawley tariff is the chief topic to-night. It's the big issue of the campaign. The Democrats blame it for making the depression worse, and the Republicans praise it for protecting our farmers, workers, and business generally.

Acme

Bor here comes Roosevelt. He's ready to open up in that high, clear voice of his. We'll cut you in in a moment and let you hear what he's saying. There he goes. He's addressing himself to the farmers. His delivery is easy, and he gesticulates now and then with his right hand, and tilts his chin upward and smiles. Just a moment and we'll cut you in. Listen:

"The claim that the Republican discriminatory tariff methods are a benefit to the farmer is a cynical and pitiless fraud."

But Mr. Hoover is on his feet to answer that. Here's his retort:

"T come to you with no economic patent medicine especially compounded for the farmers. I refuse to offer counterfeit cur- reney or false hopes."'

Roosrve tt: ''Industry can never prosper unless the agricul- tural market is restored and farm buying power returns."

Hoover: ''The Government is giving aid by its vast con- structive program for agriculture, for commerce, and for in-

dustry." But now Governor Roosevelt is explaining his farm views.

- We'll turn the microphone over to him:

"Tf we would get to the root of the difficulty, we will find it in the present lack of equality for agriculture. Farming has not had an even break in our economic system. The things that our farmers buy to-day cost 9 per cent. more than they did before the World War. The thgngs they sell bring them 43 per cent. less than then. These figures, as of August 1, which are authenticated by the Department of Agriculture, mean that the farm dollar is worth less than half of what it represented before the war.

''Remember this, my friends: the things that farmers buy, protected by Mr. Grundy's tariff, are 9 per cent. above pre- war; the things that farmers sell--and remember world prices fix domestic prices--are 43 per cent. below prewar prices."

ree CLWTERARY "DIGEST

The Great Hoover-Roosevelt De

(An imaginary debate between President Hoover and Governor Roosevelt as it might be ¢ by a radio announcer. All quotations are from the candidates' speeches as reported in the pré

That's what Roosevelt thinks about agriculture. How would he remedy the situation? He's talking about his plan now, a six-point plan to restore agriculture to economic equality with other industries within the United States. Here he is again:

pe seek to give to that portion of the crop consumed in the United States a benefit equivalent to a tariff sufficient to give you farmers an adequate price."

Roosevelt is sitting down now, and here comes Hoover again. He starts off easily, rapidly, in a rather low voice. He keeps his right hand at his side most of the time and with his left takes off the pages of manuscript suspended on a hook directly before his eyes. He's disagreeing flatly with Governor Roosevelt. He's saying that '"'the very basis of safety to American agriculture is the protective tariff on farm prod- ucts." Just a minute, we'll cut you in. Now he's speaking:

"When you return to your home you can compare prices with foreign countries and count up the proposed destruction at your own firesides. There are this minute 2,000,000 cattle in the northern States of Mexico seek- ing market. The price is about $2.50 for 100 pounds on the south bank of the Rio Grande. It is $4.50 on the north bank--and only the tariff wall between.

"The removal of or reduction of the tariff on farm products means a flood of them into the United States from every direction, and either you would be forced to still further reduce your prices or your products would rot on your farms."

Acme

A nenie Roosevelt again:

''The air is now full of Republican death-bed repentance on the subject of economy, but we must look deeper than these eleventh-hour pronouncements."

Hoover--''It has been a battle with inevitable casualties, but that battle is now being won. Credit is being expanded and normal jobs are coming back. ... It is of transcendent im- portance that there shall be no change in the strategy and tactics used in the midst of victorious movement. The essentials of American life must not be broken down in chaos and peril."

RoosrveELtT--'' The policy of seeking to win by fear of ruin is selfish in its motive, brutal in its method, and false in its premise."'

Hoover--" Practically the only evidence of the attitude of the Democratic candidate upon this program is the sneer that it has been designed to help banks and corporations, that it has not helped the common man." j

Roosrvett--'' No amount of October hysteria from the other side is going to divert me from this orderly presentation of the facts."

Wait a minute. There's an interruption, quite a commotion down there. A man in the audience has risen to ask a question or make a statement. He's a thin man with sharp features and sandy hair, and' it's--yes, sir, it's Calvin Coolidge himself. Here, 'li cut you in... .

"An early and timely word from the Democratic candidate for President that he would reject the proposal to inerease the national debt by $2,300,000,000 to pay a bonus would have been a great encouragement to business, reduced unemployment, and

Te THE LET ERA R YorDiiGirss

euaranteed the integrity of the national credit. While he re- mained silent economic recovery was measurably impeded."

J ust a minute now. Roosevelt is going to answer that. Here he is. ...

"That charge is baseless and absurd, for the reason that last April my views on the subject were widely published and have been subsequently frequently quoted. I said:

""*T do not see how, as a matter of practical sense, a Govern- ment running behind $2,000,000,000 annually can consider the anticipation of bonus payment until it has a balanced budget, not only on paper but with a surplus of cash in the Treasury.'

''No one, for political purposes or otherwise, has the right in the absence of explicit statement from me to assume that my views have changed. They have not. So much for another effort by Republican leaders to preach an unwarranted gospel of fear and panic to the American electorate."

But here's Hoover again. He's in there fighting hard to hold his job. He's repeating that the economic tide is turning as a result of his Administration's efforts, and '"'improvement would have begun four months earlier but for fear of the destructive Democratic program."' Listen now. .

"The most menacing condition in the world to-day is the lack of confidence and faith. It is a terrible thing to increase this undermining effect by holding out, for political purposes, prom- ises to 10,000,000 men which can not be kept and must end by leaving them disillusioned."

Roosrvett--''T repeat what I have said before, and what I

N OnV"E MBE Re 85 sealers ez

shall continue to repeat: First, that the failure of this Adminis- tration to meet the realities of 1929 started the world into the depression. Second, that the Hawley-Smoot tariff law carried the decline of world trade from what amounted to a minor disaster to a genuine international calamity. For this calamity, my friends, the economic policies of the present Administration are responsible. Those are the facts." And in conelusion, Governor Roosevelt is saying:

'From the moment that we set our hands openly and frankly and courageously to this problem, we shall have reached the end of our long, hard, downward road, and shall have started on the upward trail. We shall have built for economic recovery a firm footing, on a path broad, true, and straight. Join me and ' Let's go.'"'

Bor to Hoover it's the other way round. And here he is, giving his conclusion:

''No one who has seen this battle as I have seen it, who has watched the bright fabric of recovery woven laboriously from day to day, with the stout efforts of American faith and confi- dence in their people, could harbor a doubt for the future of this nation.

'Tf there shall be no retreat, if the attack shall continue as it is now organized, then this battle is won."

And there you are. You have just heard some of the loudest thunder of the campaign. Which of these men will be the happy one next Wednesday morning? STATION P-R-E-S-S signing off.

TOPICS IN BRIEF

THINGS are getting so bad in this country, the only thing one ean believe is a Lirsrary Diexst poll. Brunswick (Ga.) Pilot.

Tuy cheer you now, Mr. Roosevelt, but theyll break your heart when you fail to deliver a miracle--Beaumont Journal.

Socratism would be fairer, anyway. Now all of us work for the Government, and it supports only part of us.--Port Arthur News.

Anyway, it takes a commendable humility to lose faith in leaders because they have no more sense than we have.-- Jersey City Journal.

Ir Tue Lirerary Dicsst ean tell who is going to be President, perhaps it can also determine when the return of prosperity will oecur.-- Dufur (Ore.) Dispatch.

Tue teeth and bones of an ice-age mammoth were found under a golf-links in New Jersey. We duffers must give a cup to the man who made that colossal excavation.--The New Yorker.

In other words, the boys want a

: : a ey change in the White House because vo TOMMY --witt & You PLEASE TELL 4 YOUR DEMocRATIC 4, PARENT THAT DINNER \ IS READY? y

they have none in their pockets.-- Newark Ledger.

Tue Democratic party isn't what it used to be--here it is almost elec- tion time and the party hasn't split yet.--Norfolk Virginian-Pilot.

Ir will cost this country millions of dollars to hold an election in order to corroborate Tur LirERARY Dicrsst.--Brunswick Pilot.

We wonder if the eloquent foun- ders of this nation would have talked so glowingly of posterity, if they had known we were going to be it.--Boston Herald.

" AssurANCES of Republican suc- cess,' says Everett Sanders of the G. O. P. national committee, ''ap- pear in every quarter."' But, gosh, Everett, most of us haven't got a quarter.--Chicago Tribune.

gRTTELTLETET ET EOE wpe gp

Ny ae ~ = Waa

The Campaign Is Becoming Tense

--Thomas in the Detroit ''News.''

Wr'p be only too glad to vote a straight ticket if we could find one.--Thomaston (Ga.) Times.

GOVERNMENT is taxing checks when people think it ought to be checking taxes.-- Weston Leader.

BELIEVE us, the next time we borrow money it will be on the European plan!--Dunbar's Weekly (Pheniz).

Fats isn't so unkind to Al Smith. It gave him The Outlook when it denied him a look-in.--Roanoke World-News.

G. O. P. leaders have now made the discovery that Al Smith made four years ago: the Lirmsrary Digust figures do not mean a thing.--The New Yorker.

Busingss leaders express the view that the low point of the depression has been passed. Undoubtedly it has been passed around.--Weston Leader.

Even if Mr. Hoover is not reelected, he can congratulate him- self on the fact that he has served the four longest years of any of our Presidents.--Brunswick Pilot.

Pixn's PEAK is found to be four inches lower. And under a Republi- can Administration, too, if anybody asks us Democrats.--Dallas News.

Norman Tuomas will never be- come a real politician until he learns to claim everything instead of ad- mitting that he can't be elected.-- Springfield Union.

A? that, it must be admitted that the Administration accomplished one thing it promised: it put a lot more of us in the leisure class.-- Thomaston Times.

Ursnaw calls the Republican Prohibition plank ''a weasel-worded elongation of attenuated innuen- does."" Only asober man could say that.--The New Yorker.

Ir is our misfortune that so few of our national troubles are of a kind that can be cured by a forty- five-minute radio address from some candidate.--San Diego Union,

:

FOREIGN

A FEW SHORT MONTHS AGO-- __ a

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OTTAWA CONFERENCE |

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COMMENT

What a Little Nourishment Will Do

--'"The Province'? (Vancouver, B. C.)

Canadians Deny Tariff Reprisals

ELF-PRESERVATION, NOT RETALIATION, is the retort given by Canadian editors to those who charge that the new Empire Trade Treaties between the Do-

minions and Great Britain are intended as "tariff revenge," aimed in part, anyway, at Uncle Sam.

The tariff walls erected along the much-vaunted ''unfortified boundary" from the Atlantic to the Pacific are noted with alarm and concern by American business men, as was shown in THE Literary Dicest for October 29, when some United States news- papers said that the Canadians ''are simply retaliating against our Hawley-Smoot Act, which precipitated this latest world tariff war."'

Looking into the Canadian-British agreements more closely, declares Charles Bishop in an Ottawa dispatch to the Vancouver Province, increases the impression that they strike a harder blow at the American farmer in the British market than at the American manufacturer in the Canadian market.

Traditionally, this correspondent points out, British industry has not been conspicuously successful in catering to the Canadian, market in competition with the United States, because ''Cana- dians are influenced by American tastes and styles."

He thinks that it is problematical whether the British will be able to supply these tastes, and he continues:

'Tn agricultural and horticultural lines, however, the belief here is that United States producers, as a direct result of the preferences which Canada has gained, will lose a market in Britain for wheat, barley, and lumber."

W iru lumber, this informant goes on to say, British Columbia mills will obtain the business which is now going to Pacifie coast firms in the United States. It is further predicted:

"The greatest importance is attached to the preferences on copper and fruit, and in this latter connection the United States is regarded as facing inevitably a loss of market which it has en- joyed for between one and a half million and two million barrels of apples annually."

Another slant on coming commercial conditions is afforded in an Ottawa dispatch to the Montreal Gazette, which reports that experts agree that the United States steel and chemical trade in Canada has been dealt ''an appreciable blow." Outside of steel products and chemicals, the tariff changes do not give the United States interests much cause for worry, say trade experts, accord- ing to this Ottawa dispatch, in which we read further:

"Tt is not expected that the free entry of British automobiles into Canada will make much change. At present most auto- mobiles imported from the United States are of the high-priced variety. The medium-priced are, to a very large extent, manu- factured in this country.

"The free admission of engines for motor-trucks and motor- buses from the United Kingdom may result in a greater importa- tion of these motors for Canadian use. Also the trade in very small cars, in which the British specialize, may be considerably increased."

bre in iron and steel products, we are told, United States experts at Ottawa say that our loss of business will be heavy, as Britain has been given very decided preferences, and it is recalled that:

"Tn the financial year ended March 31, 1931, Canada imported from the United States iron and its products to the value of $167,674,719, and from the United Kingdom $18,069,505. For the financial year ended March 31 last the imports from the United States were $81,005,384 and from the United Kingdom $13,383,622.

"Tt will be seen that even in the years of depression, purchases from the United States by Canada, in iron and steel and the like, have been on very great proportions.

"The total imports of chemicals and allied products from the United States for the year ended March 31, 1931, were $23,- 201,922, and last year, $20,359,822. In the same years Canada bought from the United Kingdom chemicals to the value of $4,601,666 and $4,096,696 respectively."

A Lirrrary Dicrest canvass by telegraph of the Canadian press reveals the Montreal Star (Ind. Cons.) declaring emphati- cally that the Imperial Trade Conference in Ottawa was not directed against the United States or any other country. The ideal was repeatedly set as ''the expansion of Imperial trade, rather than the mere diversion of business from other countries," and this newspaper proceeds:

"Any harm done to American trade is incidental, without malice aforethought. The Ottawa agreements are not a retalia- tion against the Smoot-Hawley tariff.

'"'Tt_ does happen, however, as Prime Minister Bennett pointed out, that the Smoot-Hawley tariff closed the American market to us and compelled us to look elsewhere. In securing other markets for our exports we have had to give over a part of our import market, and in doing so we somewhat regretfully find ourselves compelled to do that at the expense of American trade.

''We would have had to curtail American imports anyway, if only to preserve our balance of trade and pay our New York debts. The eritics of the Ottawa agreements are inclined to protest too much. We would refer to Washington and New York any one who thinks that the preferences are useless. Let them ask the man whose ox is gored."

But the Montreal Gazette (Cons.) thinks it safe to assume that '' American sales to Canada will be less seriously affected by the new Empire preferences than was apprehended some months ago,

or than would have happened if a sweeping diversion of this 13

ee: THIE JOMT-ERSA RY BDaGiSs:

trade from the United States to Great Britain had been feasible, which it was not."

Confining itself to the effect of the Hawley-Smoot tariff on Canada's exports of farm products to the United States, the Ottawa Journal (Cons.) argues:

"Through no fault of our own, the United States market has been closed to Canadian agricultural products. Thus in Sep- tember our exports of farm products to the Republic were valued at $220,232, as compared with $4,532,642 in September, 1929, before the Hawley-Smoot tariff went into effect--and $11,887,877 in the same month of 1920. For the three months of July, August, and September, exports were to the total value of $767,308, a reduction from $14,316,400 three years ago, and $24,042,269 twelve years ago.

"The United States, geo- graphically, atleast, ournatural market, refuses to permit en- trance of our farm products; and even if lower tariffs should follow a Democratie victory at the coming Presidential elec- tion, there is not the slightest assurance that they would con- tinue beyond 1937. Every foreign nation is protecting its own producers by tariff walls, and it is only within the com- munity of interest offered by the British Empire that there is a practical field of exploita- tion."

Te Smoot-Hawley tariff is

blamed also by the London Y (Ont.) Advertiser (Lib.) for hav- S;) ing ''nearly annihilated Cana- bth da's export trade with the ADE. TREA

United States in farm prod- ucts." But what is more, this Liberal newspaper contends:

"The Smoot-Hawley tariff Dep. Frases. 32, dealt a double blow at this country. It injured Canadian produeers by cutting off a large part of their second-best export market, and it put new burdens on Canadian consumers by giv- ing the high protectionists who have ruled this country for two years an excuse for applying prohibitive duties to many articles which Canadians were accustomed to import from the United States.

"The Smoot-Hawley tariff, however, is not the last word from Washington. It is possible, even probable, that the United States will try in the near future to regain lost ground in the export business by a more liberal tariff policy, and will make overtures to Canada. In that event, no Canadian Government could long survive if it took the position that Canada had de- prived herself of bargaining power when she signed the Imperial Conference agreements."

The Winnipeg Free Press (Ind. Lib.) fears that the tariff in- ereases will add to the burdens of the Canadian consumer:

"Tf the duties against American products were maintained un- changed with a substantial increase in the British preference, the effect would be to divert trade to Great Britain and at the same time to reduce price in Canada. But the method to which the Government has resorted of providing for the preference by raising duties against the United States is in many cases nothing but a device to give additional protection to the Canadian manufacturer.

"The imposition of a duty of 25 per cent. on cream separators with free entry from Great Britain affords an illustration. The Canadian farmer will continue to buy American-made separators at a higher price, or he will pay the additional price for Canadian- made machines. British trade will profit very little if at all by reason of this tariff change."'

PROSPERITY BARREL.

Soviet Satire

John Bull wonders whether the hoops are strong enough.

NOVEMBER 153 Heese

The Turks to Talk Turkish

VEN MANY TURKS are said to be surprized at the fact that they are being taught to talk Turkish. This new drastic reform of Ghazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha, first President of the Republic of Turkey, is described as one of his hardest tasks.

Its aim is to expunge from the Turkish language all foreign words, and to replace them by words of real Turkish origin. Given the number of Arabic and Persian words used in Turkish, Constantinople press correspondents tell us, the reform is 'tantamount to coining a new language."

But then the President of the Turkish Republi¢ is noth- ing if not go-ahead, remarks the Manchester Guardian, and it recalls that he freed the women of the country from the limitations of the veil and the harem, the Government of the country from the domina- tion of the priesthood, and the alphabet of the country fromits dependence upon Arabie script.

Av present the educated classes use a mixture of Turk- ish, Arabic, and Persian, but this daily notes:

"The original Turkish lan- guage, still talked by the illiterate, whose numbers Ke- mal Pasha is determined to reduce as quickly as he can, has no literature. But it isa distinct tongue of which both Arabic and Persian are in- vaders.

"The Turkish man of letters who lards his writings with Arabic is almost as unin- telligible to the commonalty as would be an English essay- ist who lapsed habitually into Latin, and it is not enough, in Kemal Pasha's opinion, to ease the approach to letters for his people by abolishing the Arabic script: they should be encouraged to read and write in the language that is their own.

"His way is simpler to-day than it would have been half a cen- tury ago.

The work of Western Orientalists has discovered, among other valuable sources, the lexicon of an eleventh-century Turkish Dr. Johnson, one Mahmud Kashgari, which contains a com- plete list of the words in use among the Turks before they spread westward from their homeland; and Kemal himself seems to have consulted this work to some purpose, for he lately sent to the President of the National Assembly a telegram in pure Turkish, which even Mahmud Kashgari could have understood across the bridge of centuries."'

--'''Izvestia'' (Moscow).

To the Englishman, who has freely allowed all sorts of tongues to contribute to his speech, and who is even now absorbing a certain amount of American, The Guardian goes on to say, this return to Turkish may seem a backward and limiting step.

But, it adds, if a great mass of illiterate people is to be taught to read and write, it is sound policy to encourage them to use the words they know.

The source of the new vocabulary, writes the Constantinople correspondent of the London Observer, will be the Anatolian folk-lore, the various Central Asiatic Turkish dialects, and the eight centuries old Tchagatai by Mahmud Kashgari, which is to be reedited at cost price and popularized.

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NEO VeEMOB-E Re 5°) 1 93 2

Did Gandhi Help or Harm Hinduism?

OT SAVIOR BUT DESTROYER OF HINDUISM is

the bitter reproach cast at Gandhi by many orthodox

Hindus, who feel that the famous Pact of Poona

between the caste Hindus and the "Untouchables," which stopt

Gandhi's ''fast unto death," is a sacrilege.

The Pact of Poona, it will be recalled, provides for immedi- ate action to give the ''Un- touchables"' full rights to enter all temples, schools, and roads, and records the determination of the signers to remove all social disabilities as rapidly as possible.

This "'new freedom"' is feared and contemned by the ortho- dox Hindus, but disagreement with their view is unreservedly exprest by a Bengali Hindu Nationalist, in his newspaper, the Caleutta Liberty. This editor writes:

"The miracle has happened.

"The unprecedented resolve of one man has stirred millions.

"The cobweb of superstition, woven through thousands of years, has been blown away. Hindus now consider nobody untouchable. All now have equal access to temples, wells,

and other places so long held zealously sacrosanct."

lies so sober a writer as the editor of The Hindu (Madras), A. Rangaswami Iyengar, who belongs to one of the most ex- elusive sections of Brahmans in South India, the stronghold of Hindu orthodoxy, is ecstatic in his praise of the Pact, which in his opinion--

'Ushers in a new era in the history of India's struggle. Not only does it lay the ax at the root of those psychological factors which have so long bolstered up untouchability; it demonstrates our ability to compose our domestic differences.

"This has been vigorously denied by those who do not look with favor on India's aspirations, and we have been repeatedly twitted with the failure to agree among ourselves, which, it is pointed out, was responsible for the communal award."

The Delhi Hindustan Times, at the opposite corner of India from Madras--believed to be the organ of the Hindu Maha- sabha, a federation of Hindu organizations throughout the country--takes the view that the success achieved by the Mahatma has confounded India's enemies. To quote:

"The Pact has queered the pitch for the enemies of India.

"They have been banking on the possibility of the endeavor on the part of the Indian leaders breaking down. To their chagrin, however, the Pact has been signed and the Award itself altered accordingly. This has been too much for them. So we find Anglo-India trying to belittle the importance of the Pact and to set people by the ears. But after the manner in which the country has shown its confidence in Gandhi during the fateful days of the fast, and the whole-hearted acknowledgment of Dr. Ambedkar [the leader of the 'Untouchables'] and others of the great influence that he wields, it ought to have realized that its efforts will be wholly futile."

But Hindu orthodoxy is gnashing its teeth at the sacrilege which, in its estimation, is being perpetrated in order to placate the '' Untouchables."

Their Prayer Was Heard

Men and women of India's 'Untouchables' praying for Mahatma

Gandhi's life during his ''fast unto death." appears in the upper center,

Well ERAOR-Y? DLG EST 15

In their impassioned appeal sent by telegraph to the Viceroy of India, and reproduced in the Madras Hindu, we read the following:

"A very large body of the orthodox Hindu community very strongly repudiate claims of Messrs. Gandhi, Jayakar, and Sapru to represent them in religious matters, and emphatically protest against temple entry and consequent wounding of deep- seated and immemorial religious susceptibilities of a large body of people. Forcible temple entry is calculated to outrage sacred beliefs, based on Shas- tras . . . whose protection has been assured by the British Government repeatedly in proc- lamations. Orthodox Hindu- ism appeals to Your Excellency for protection from forcible violation based on political exi- gencies by interested parties."

i gentsen torn of British opinion is the Caleutta States- man. 'This newspaper is edited by Sir Alfred Watson, upon whose life a terrorist attempt was lately made for the second time. Sir Alfred thinks that in the tussle with the '' Untouch- able"? leader, Dr. Ambedkar, who completed his education at Columbia University, Gandhi has come out second best. Sir Alfred observes:

'""We may hope that there has been a final end to the im- posture by which Congress sets up its own dummies as leaders of the deprest, and manipu- lates them for its own purpose. Dr. Ambedkar has been roundly abused by all the Congress organs, but he has taken the stand of a man and he has won the day.

""The deprest have obtained a far higher proportion of rep- resentation than they could have hoped to gain in any other way, and that representation is guaranteed them for a term of years. We are not going to pretend that in our eyes this is wholly an advantage.

"The deprest will have difficulty in finding a sufficiency of men of caliber to fill the seats allotted to them.

'*A far better solution of the problem would be that Hinduism should really be one in thought, and that as a whole it should return the men best qualified to express its aspirations. That we believe to be the ideal of Mr. Gandhi, but if so, he has been effective in preventing advance toward its realization for a long term of years."

Gandhi's picture

"en

H AVING swallowed a camel,' writes Francis Low, the new editor of the Bombay Times of India, Gandhi ''will strain at a enat,"' and he explains his illustration as follows:

"Mr. Gandhi fasted because the British Government gave the deprest classes separate electorates with the right of voting in the general constituencies.

"He has approved of primary elections, which are another form of separate electorates, also with the right of the deprest classes to vote in the general electorates.

"The only difference is that the deprest classes' candidates will not be returned directly to the legislature by the primary elec- tions; they will have to take their chance in the general constit- uencies. But every man occupying a reserved seat will have been originally selected by a separate electorate.

''Whether the change was worth so serious a threat by Mr. Gandhi, we leave others to say.

"The fact remains that had Mr. Gandhi acted as a practical politician at the second Round Table Conference, the deprest classes' leaders would have been content with much less than they have now."

16

Mussolini's Appeal to America

LL THE FORCE of Mussolini's overpowering oratory, all the command of his supreme authority electrified his hundreds of thousands of listeners in Turin when

he boldly asked them a question that affects every taxpayer in the United States.

Disregarding all the clashing opinions on cancelation or modi- fication of war debts, which are familiar in this country, Mussolini made an indirect appeal to ''the generous hearts of the Star- Spangled Republic"' for leniency.

His dramatic speech at Turin on October 23 was delivered, near the tenth anniversary of the March on Rome, to a crowd of 100,000 persons that filled every corner of the Piazza Castello,

Globe photograph. Copyright by C, Delius

"Will America Fail Us?"'

Is the gist of Premier Mussolini's dramatic appeal for debt leniency in an electrifying

speech before 100,000 enthusiastic listeners.

with half a million square feet in area. His words were carried through loud-speakers to half a million Italians in all jammed in the three great public squares of the city.

Elaborate precautions had been taken to protect the Premier in his first visit in nine years to Turin, an industrial center, described in press cables as "'long the hotbed of anti-Fascism."

Sitar time he was received with wild enthusiasm, relates Arnaldo Cortesi in a wireless to the New York Times. The whole city lined his route from the station, and broke into cheers when the firing of nineteen guns announced his arrival.

The throng in the Piazza Castello gave him a great ovation when he appeared at the Palace of the Prefecture wearing the uniform of a Corporal of Honor in the Fascist Militia. His speech was punctuated by frequent bursts of applause which reached a supreme climax at the close.

He spoke of the League, of Disarmament, of Fascism's past growth and future, but above all he roused his vast assemblage of listeners to frenzied acclaim when he said:

"The Ship of Debts and Reparations is now safely in the Harbor of Lausanne. Will the great American nation push this ship containing the hopes and fears of so many peoples into the open sea again?"'

'"No!" replied the crowd with a single mighty shout.

To this Mussolini returned:

""T wish this 'No' that you uttered with a voice of thunder could cross the ocean, touching the generous hearts of the Star- Spangled Republic."

THE OL let ERRVAS Reva DeliG-Ecoah

NOVEMBER?) 5b) 1982

Referring to a speech he made last year in Naples, Mussolini said also:

"T spoke then of the tragic bookkeeping of the war and in two articles in Popolo d'Italia, which are not forgotten, affirmed that it was time to pass the sponge over this bookkeeping."

How his indirect but none the less forceful appeal to America is greeted by the European press may be gathered from editorials cabled to Tue Lirmrary Digest.

Tus Turin Gazetta del Popolo is frankly convinced that 'there should be no doubt about the consideration and acceptance of Mussolini's warm appeal by the American people."

One great remedy for world-wide depression, thinks the Turin Stampa, is remission of the debts, and it argues:

"Since reparations payments by Ger- many virtually have been canceled, it. is necessary to do something about the debts. Without cancelation of the debts it is impossible to eliminate one of the main causes of the world's financial ills."

If there is one country that can revive hope in a distrest world it is America, says Lavoro Fascista (Rome) :

"The final word is up to the United States. It is to be hoped fervently that the United States, through cancelation of the war debts, will give a downhearted and deprest world a gleam of hope."

Giornale d'Italia, another Rome daily, ascribes American hesitancy in debt mat- ters to political interests, and it flatly avers: :

''Washingeton's present reserve on the subject of debt cancelations has its basis in political considerations, and can not be taken as a definite indication of future possibilities.

"The United States to-day more than ever needs economie and financial solidar- ity of the great countries of the world, and especially of Europe. Hence we are certain that the United States will not impede Europe in its hard task of reaching understandings."

In France, Le Temps, semiofficial organ of the French Foreign Office, asserts that France holds views similar to those exprest by Mussolini about debts, and it adds:

'' Like Italy, France believes it is the moral duty and also to the best interests of the United States to associate itself with the spirit of international solidarity engendered at Lausanne."'

OE ae Paris Volonté, a Radical organ, likewise declares that "France's debt interests are identical with those of Mussolini.'' And the Paris Journal, sometimes spoken of as a semiofficial government organ, observes significantly:

'Mussolini is clear-eyed. He is neither bargaining nor begging, but wants only to make his 'No' clear to the Americans.''

The Mussolini appeal to the American nation failed to startle the London press, for, as The News-Chronicle puts it, many things have happened since the Lausanne Conference which make it possible for him to speak out now. And it adds:

"Mussolini is not saying anything new. It was always neces- sarily implied in the Lausanne reparations settlement that a set- tlement of the debts would follow. This has been perfectly well understood, in fact, in the United States as well as Europe.

"Mussolini in his independent position simply said out loud what the Powers preferred to say under their breath. He may be wisely inspired. A good deal has happened since the Lausanne conference, and things that could not have been said aloud without danger then can now no doubt be proclaimed with much less risk from the housetops."'

"\

LETTERS AND ART

DE Re Aw OR Eee ReAIVLAs Ze MUSIC) --%

When "The Good

EADERS OF "THE GOOD EARTH" may very likely

react to the play produced by the Theater Guild in two ways.

Some will be critical and reject it, as did most of the crities; some will relive the book and fill in from memory such atmos- phere as the theater can not reproduce.

The second-night audience, at any rate, listened in rapt atten- tion and applauded heartily at the end.

Crities always cavil over a dramatized novel, and the greater the novel the more they fall back on the question of dramatic integrity.

Percy Hammond of the New York Herald Tribune concedes that the task given to Owen Davis and his son Donald to dramatize this book was ''more formi- dable than ever confronted a dramatist." He grants that if the result is ''only a hesitant approximation of 'The Good Earth,' it is at least the bold effort of val- jant minds, and as good a job as it seems possible for dramatists to do."

Then comes John Mason Brown, of The Evening Post, rather tartly standing by the theater's guns:

"Dragged indoors; played by white actors with English accents and Occidental hearts, who wear pigtails and Chinese costumes; set before a wrinkled cyclorama that is supposed to represent the sky, and acted in rice-fields that are about as luxuriant as a youngster's beard, 'The Good Earth' does little more than demonstrate the limitations of the theater as a medium.

"Tt is not the theater's fault that this is so. It is the fault of those who persist in using it unwisely; who are blind enough to confuse two radically different mediums of expression, and who refuse to learn that the better a novel is as a novel the worse it is apt to be as a play."

Mors vehement even is Brooks Atkinson of The Times:

""Uncharitable as it may be to say so, 'The Good Earth' is a complete failure on the stage.

"Tn all conscience, how could it be otherwise? For part of the novel's somber magic grows out of the Old Testament style of the writing, and the basis of it is the peasant's passion for the land, which can not be represented on the stage.

'Tt is a novel of works and slow dramatic movement. The Davises have assembled a succession of inconclusive scenes. You see Wang Lung, 'a coarse person,' lumbering into the great house of Hwang to get his slave wife. You see them working on the land, you see them establishing in rude beginnings the family of Lung, begging in the south, draining a rich man of his gold, and finally, you see Wang Lung established as the wealthy man of the village with servants, a petal-like second wife, and the great house that once belonged to the great lord.

""The characters include the testy old man, the charlatan uncle, the loyal foreman, the foolish daughter, and all the essential figures of the fable.

''fHfere and there the Davises, father and son, have managed to indicate that the story of 'The Good Earth' is a great circle in which peasant supersedes top dog, and falls heir to the top dog's vices.

"But precious little of the novel's spirit has been preserved. Characters who were inarticulate in a novel must speak with some fulness if you are to have a play at all. Events of a long, arduous lifetime must be rudely telescoped.

'And mental attitudes that could be objectively described as shadows against a Chinese landscape in the novel must be

PUDING VAL RL Se

EDUGALLONG= 4 GUIET URE

Earth' Went Bad

discarded or put into literal speech. For the stage has neither time nor space, altho time and space and a sturdy grace of writ- ing are the essence of the novel."

Oma to the actors, one encounters difficulties even greater than those furnished by the play. To speak in what sounds to us like a Chinese singsong would have been ludicrous; and to hear English of sorts that call up Cockney accents or better, the argot of New York, and the intonations of Russia erects a formidable barrier to a natural apprehension of the original scene.

"Wang Lung" With His Slave Wife, ""O-lan"'

Working in the rice-fields, and desirous of getting more of the good earth. Claude Rains and Alla Nazimova.

On this score Mr. Hammond is charitable:

""T, myself, confess to a slight discontentment with Miss Nazimova's impersonation, on the ridiculous grounds that it is overconscientious. It is all right for her to be dull, ugly, and of the soil, and this she is with appealing results.

''But she seemed to me to growl rather than speak, employing the utterance of an animal rather than a slave. Mr. Rains, how- ever, denotes the progressive farmer with all the illusion possible to a good English actor playing a Chinaman. From his be- ginning as an abashed peasant to his end as a great lord, he is well-nigh infallible; and his blending development of the character is without many flaws. There is pleasure also in the performance of Mr. Sidney Greenstreet as the evil uncle; and of Mr. Henry Travers, who may be recognized without difficulty in the réle of Wang Lung's father."

Mr. Lockridge (The Sun) thinks the authors of the play were ''helped enormously"? by Alla Nazimova's performance as the

wife:

'« Always she was a strange, crouching, symbolic figure; always, even when she spoke the most, it was possible to believe that she was essentially speechless and strange to our glib world. Claude Rains, acting Wang Lung, never gave that effect to me; he was always very garrulous and very Western.

"The other parts are incidental to these two, but among them several were finely acted--those of Henry Travers, Homer Barton, Sidney Greenstreet, and Clyde Franklin, for example. Several

we

18 THE LMT BRIAR Yo "DA-GE Sa

of the actors, on the other hand, behaved as if they were acting Shakespeare on the road.

"There is much that is excellent in the play, but it is still a dramatized novel--and shows it."

Burns Mantle of The Daily News gives absolution, in a way of speaking, to the actors in general:

"To put actors, even the best actors, in make-ups of so com- pletely foreign appearance as to be continually distracting, and to give them the language of simple peasants to speak in culti- vated voices, is to demand more of the average playgoer's imagination than that eager patron has to give."

Damrosch Versus Stokowski

ILL MR. STOKOWSKI offer school children an extra recess if they object to listening to his mod- ernist music?

He would likely be more popular than with the Philadelphia subscribers to his orchestra concerts of whom we reported last week. They walked out and took their own recess.

Newspapers tell us that he will ask public school authorities to assist in a plan to give children modernistic music. As re- ported, his plan is ''to have students listen in their classrooms to the ten remaining Friday concerts to be broadeast by his orchestra."' He also will ''prepare non-technical statements about the music to be played, which would be distributed to the children in advance."

The announcement brings another stalwart knight of music into the lists with a tilt that promises interest. Walter Dam- rosch, who addresses and plays for 6,000,000 children weekly over the National Broadeasting Company hook-up, "'deeply de- plores Mr. Stokowski's intention."

As reported in the New York Herald Tribune, Mr. Damrosch declares ''children should not be confused by experiments." Further:

'"Only that which has proved worthy should be used to build the foundation of their knowledge. This is a pedagogic axiom.

'Cubism is now dead as a door-nail, but it raged through the art world as a new revelation of true art for several years, and many young painters were pathetically caught in its whirlpool and drowned.

'Should cubism have been used to preach the glories of painting to our young people?

'"Mr. Stokowski has devoted his fine orchestra to the produc- tion of many ultra-modernistic compositions, and often to the great distress of many in his adult audiences. But that is a mat- ter between him and them, and if they encourage him he is amply justified. But to force these experiments on helpless children is criminal."

Ma. DAMROSCH insists that they are experiments, and says he will wager that 75 per cent. of the ultra-modern works which Mr. Stokowski has given his audiences during the last ten years never will be heard again, either under his direction or any one else's. More wormwood for the composer:

"They were born dead, because they did not spring from an inner surge, but from a pathetic desire to do something different, to be 'original.'

"Art develops not by revolution, but by evolution, and until our young people have been well grounded by hearing the great composers from Bach to Wagner, why confuse their musical minds by the intrusion of experiments most of which have not been, and never will be, proven?"

Reading Mr. Damrosch, the Detroit Free Press is spurred to even more vigorous disapproval:

"From the standpoint of the sane educator, Mr. Damrosch presents a sound case. When compositions are interpreted for children ostensibly in order to provide them with the foundations of musical appreciation and understanding, fair play demands that the works chosen shall be compositions that really are educa- tional in a fundamental way and have an established place in the

NOV ENM-BIER= 5 soe

world. Fair play demands that they shall be something more than samples of a passing fad, and shall be interesting and. inspiring.

'Boys and girls who are asked to listen to fugitive or bizarre works that attract attention because they are 'different' rather than because they are worth hearing, are being grossly cheated. They are being given a raw deal.

"Here's another point too.

"An effort to make youngsters listen to music they can not possibly understand, and which, in some cases nobody on earth, not even the players, can understand, is likely to be directly destructive.

"Tt is easy to set a child against good music for life merely by assailing his ears with compositions for which he is not prepared or which are stupid and meaningless. That probably is almost as fatal as presenting good music in a mediocre, stodgy way."

Schumann-Heink Hits Back

NEW CAREER STARTS for Madame Schumann- Heink, whose years in opera, concerts, and in the soldiers' training camps during the Great War are in the memory of all. Now she is doing a four-a-day vaudeville, singing her best, and ''making no apologies and asking no sympathy." But it seems, from the columns of the New York American, that unweleome sympathy has been offered, and Madame Schumann-Heink shows that she ean wield a bitter wit in return:

'""Madame Schumann-Heink, who is seventy-one, said:

'"""Hiyebrows were raised and nice people sighed when I said I was going to do this thing--go into vaudeville.

***Some women in New York said, "' This is terrible!'' or else, behind my back, ''What a come-down! From grand opera to vaudeville."

""*T said, "You! You have rich husbands. And your husbands are jumping out of ten-story windows, these days. That is a come-down, hah??'''

"Bluntly, Madame Schumann-Heink says she works because she needs the money. She added:

"*T make my living, and it isn't just because I am Schumann- Heink. I sing my best. And the people who hear me like it. It is anew world for me. Imagine an old lady of seventy-one years "going over" like that. And just starting in. Great, eh? Yah.'"

The Cover

HO would not bless neighbors who would send in such a colorful basket of autumn. fruit? The artist, Mrs. L. A. Crow, shows on our cover how she repaid her obligation, and her husband, Judge Phil. M. Crow, sends us this sketch:

'""Mrs. Crow is a native of Kenton, Ohio, and says she can not remember when she was not drawing or painting, and so, when neighbors brought from their farm the big basket of fruit and flowers, she could not resist putting on canvas her impressions of the gorgeous hues and sublime beauty, and thus was born "What the Neighbors Brought.'

"Our almost four decades of married life has neither inter- rupted nor interfered with her work as an artist, and she still devotes every day excepting Sunday to it.

"In late years she has studied color with E. Ambrose Webster, and has painted with George Luks and Sigord Skow, and at the Grand Central School of Art and Cape Cod School of Art. Her permanent studio is in Lima, Ohio.

"She is an active member of Columbus (Ohio) Art League, Woman's Art Club, Cincinnati, Ohio, and an associate member of the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors New York.

"She has exhibited in New York, Chicago, Buffalo, Cleveland Columbus, Cincinnati, and Toledo.

"Specializing in still life, particularly fruit and flowers, she has also produced meritorious landscapes and marine scenes, and her pictures are always well composed. The brillianey, richness, and strength of her coloring are features which have drawn from critics much praise, and many of her paintings have been repro- duced in the leading art periodicals and newspapers, and a goodly number have keen bought throughout the country.'"

NIOsV EE NIB ERE 15... 169.3 2

If England Chose a New Laureate

N ENGLISH WRITER appears to think that poets are taken too seriously, not to mention that they take themselves so.

The writer is C. E. Bechhofer Roberts, who contributes a page on '' Might-Have-Been Affairs" to the newly reorganized Saturday Review (London):

Reorganized in a lighter vein.

To the English this explanation may not be necessary, but lest our readers may be disturbed at not having heard of John Masefield's resignation of the Poet-Laureateship (which never oc- eurred), we underline Mr. Roberts's irony:

'""A good many people regard the poem in which Mr. John Masefield announced his res- ignation of the Poet Laureateship as the great- est of his works. While I am not sure that I altogether agree with this, [am bound to admit that the last verse, at any rate, offers an ex- hilarating example of the two main tendencies of Mr. Masefield's muse:

Beauty calleth me: At birded dawn and mothy eve And noon when rich-hued blow-fiies leave Their faéry brood upon the meat And nymphs and fawns to grots retreat, Beauty calleth me. This is the honest truth, so why the heck Must I bestride the Muses' quarterdeck And sing of royal births and jubilees And how the Prince's dog was bit by fleas And how the Aga Khan's outsider won The Stewards' Cup in 1941? So you can keep your blasted \lalmsey-- Beauty calleth me.

"When the post became vacant, the National Government characteristically decided to ap- point a commission to choose a successor to Mr. Masefield. The members of the Commis- sion were Mr. Eddie Marsh, whose whole- hearted championship of contemporary minor poets has made him so popular with them; Miss Megan Lloyd George, whose hereditary claims to a bardic chair are universally acknowledged in Welsh and other Non- conformist literary circles; Mr. Maurice Baring, himself a poet and a diplomat; and Mr. Vernon Bartlett, representing the British Broadcasting Company, and thus pledged to love the highest when he heard about it.

" After the Commission had been in existence for eight months, and had met three times, it announced that it could reach no unanimous conclusion. The Cabinet therefore decided to submit the poem which each judge had selected to a joint session of both Houses of Parliament, which were afterwards to elect the next Poet Laureate."

"© =lani

Tue first poem read was (not) by Mr. Humbert Wolfe. This:

I sat in my Whitehall office and the dusty files under my band

said, '' Are you going to do an-

y work this morning?"' when

it was my real intention to

write some verses about people who sit in Whitehall offices and

write verse and reviews, or stand in theater bars and criticise

plays. So I looked deris-

ively at the files and said, ''Do wait another week or two; taxpayers are patient, and I

am so fond of poetry."

Then followed Miss Lloyd George's choice, "a poem by Mr. W. H. Davies, who, as a Welshman, was the candidate most favored by all the Welsh members of both Houses":

"What joy it is to be a poet! The very birds and beasties know it.

When on leafy thorn the snail Doth leave behind a slimy trail,

We LA BRA R-Y &Dil Ge Sit 19

When the "Lotus Blossom''

sees herself repudiated. The old father tries to soften the wrath of the ob-

durate ''Wang Lung."'

When cuckoos clink their pannikin, And sardines snuggle in their tin, And doggies chase a tin on tail, And catties on the roof-top wail, All nature then is poetry,

When seen by beggars such as me.

"A sterner note was struck when Mr. Maurice Baring's choice was announced, and the Clerk read a poem written in collaboration by Mr. Hilaire Belloc, Mr. Theodore Maynard, Mr. J. B. Morton, and several others of that school of poetry. It went thus:

We seize our staff, our manly staff; we sing our manly song;

(New Wife) Comes

Scene in '"'The Good Earth.''

Our needs are few; we hate a Jew; but oh! our lungs are strong!

Just give us bread and beer and God and the turf of the Epsom downs And we will give you yeoman songs that you never hear in towns. The yeoman is the breath of life: he builds the beech and birch;

He brews the beer, he bakes the bread; he battles for his Church-- The old, true Church, the only Church, the Church where we belong; But since no yeomen walk the Downs, they cannot hear our song. Oh, we are friends, the Downs and we and beer and God and bread, And Heaven knows the calm there'll be on earth when we are dead; But horrid men, and dogs, and Jews, who do each other wrong

Will hear the thunder in the sky and tremble at our song.

'"When the echoes of this masterpiece had died away, the Clerk announced that the B. B. C. had heard that Mr. T. S. Eliot was the greatest living poet in the English tongue, and that, as a result, Mr. Vernon Bartlett had chosen Mr. Eliot's prize- poem as his selection. Jt was then read, as follows:

Three blind mice--

Just creatures like the rest of us,

Hampered by physical disabilities (probably hereditary) but doing their best to find consolation in obscure metaphysical cogitations.

They hurry along the gutter

And utter

Little squeaks of astonishment to find that men are so like them.

But Angelina Pampelimoose says she loves me.

She looks at me with her up-turned nose quivering like the cowl on a chimney.

IT recognize the look.

I have seen it on the face of a farmer's wife

As she sharpens a knife

And slowly, relentlessly, without the slightest inkling that she is a philo- sophic figure, prepares to solve the mice's metaphysical perplexities.

That's life.

"The Lords and Commons, being then informed that they were to elect the next Poet Laureate by secret ballot, chose, to the delight of the public, Mr. Rudyard Kipiing."

RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE What is the Meaning of Life?

cé OW THE DEVIL DO I KNOW? tion itself any meaning?"

It is Bernard Shaw answering Will Durant when

Has the ques-

"T am convinced that the world is not a mere bog in which men and women trample themselves in the mire and die.

'Something magnificent is taking place here amid the cruelties

the latter inquires of him what keeps him going, whether religion.

is any help to him.

Shaw is stumped, but some others have found an answer.

Mr. Durant disentangles himself awhile from the profundities of philos- ophy to ask that question of many : people of various callings, all far up on the ladder of life and most of them of an age when they can look back to discover whether life has any mean- ing beyond the immediate desire for bread and butter and a place to sleep. Their replies appear in his new book, ''On the Meaning of Life'? (Ray Long and Richard R. Smith, Inc.).

Mr. Durant has popularized philos- ophy, and is familiar at our firesides. "Tell me,' he asks in his letter, ''what Keystone keeps you going, what help--if any-- religion gives you, what are the sources

of your inspiration and your energy, what is the goal or motive- force of your toil, where you find your consolations and your happiness, where, in the last resort, your treasure lies.

Replies come from such people as Gandhi, Sin- clair Lewis, Charles A. Beard, Edwin Arlington Robinson, André Maurois, Dr. Charles H. Mayo, Havelock Ellis, Carl Laemmle, Adolph 8S. Ochs, Abbé Ernest Dimnet, Mary E. Woolley, Shaw, Helen Wills Moody, Bertrand Russell, H. L. Mencken,and one who meditates behind prison walls.

Tuas answers vary from Shaw's brief lines on a post-card to an imaginative essay by André Maurois, and from atheism to faith.

"T go on working,' replies Mr. Mencken, ''for the same reason that a hen goes on laying eggs. There is in every living creature," he says, ''an obscure but powerful impulse to active function- ing." As for religion, he is quite devoid of it. "Never in my adult life,'"' he writes, ''have I

experienced anything that could be plausibly called a religious impulse." He suspects that life has no meaning. But he finds it amusing while it lasts, and when he dies will be content to

Charles A. Beard

Will Durant

and tragedies, and the supreme challenge to intelligence is that of

making the noblest and best in our curious heritage prevail. If there was no grand design in the beginning of the universe, fragments of one are evi- dent, and mankind can complete the picture. A knowledge of the good life is our certain philosophic heritage, and technology has given us a power over nature which enables us to provide the conditions of the good life for all the earth's multitudes. That seems to me to be the most engaging possibility of the drama, and faith in its potential- ities keeps me working at it even in the worst hours of disillusionment.

"The good life--an end in itself to be loved and enjoyed; and intelligent labor directed to the task of making the good life prevail. There is the little philosophy, the circle of thought,

within which I keep my little mill turning.'"'

Piexine as we go, for the list is too long to quote from all, we

come to Adolph S. Ochs, president and publisher of the New

"?

Keystone

H. L. Mencken

vanish into nothingness. ''No show, however good, could con-

ceivably be good forever."'

Sinclair Lewis thinks it "'an error to believe that there is any need of religion to make life seem worth living, or to give consola-

tion in sorrow, except in the ease of people who have been reared to religion so that should they lose it in their adult years, they would miss it, their whole thinking having been con- ditioned by it."

Let the eynie give way to the ample intellectual figure of Charles A. Beard, eminent historian, sociologist, and economist.

'"As I look over the grand drama of history," he writes, ''I find (or seem to find) amid the apparent chaos and tragedy, evidence of law and plan

and immenseachievementofthehuman -- wise wo

spirit in spite of disasters.'' He proceeds:

20

Adolph S. Ochs

G. B. Shaw

York Times, and humanitarian. Inheritor of good health and sound moral principles, he writes:

'"'T found pleasure in work that came to my hand, and in doing

it conscientiously; I found joy and satisfaction in being helpful to my parents and others, and in thus making my life worthwhile found happiness and consolation.

'"My Jewish home life and religion gave me a spiritual uplift and a sense of responsibility to my subconscious self--which I think is the God within me, the Unknowable, the Inexplicable. This makes me believe I am more than an animal, and that this life can not be the end of our spiritual nature."

Standing firmly on the rock of his own faith, Abbé Ernest Dimnet, who has given us the widely- read ''The Art of Thinking," and the later and equally popular ''What We Live By,'' sees only science dismayed by the mystery of life. Philos- ophy has only deepened the sense of mystery, and one theory of science has only contradicted another.

He thinks that Mr. Durant is ''a Fundamentalist in science.' Hence Mr. Durant's pessimism.

"You should have been on your guard against incomplete

data, against tentative systems,'' the Abbé writes to the philosopher. '' You should never have called science truth, as you seem to do in your letter. Your scientific certainties bred pessi- mism; more mistrust would have saved some hope, and there is no hope with- out an admixture of faith.' Con- cerning himself, he says his faith has given him intellectual stability. Faith and reason ''are mutually compelling and that means peace. Shall I tell you?"' he asks of Mr. Durant. "It seems impossible to me that youshould not gradually come to the same calm --if not to the same conclusions. Your

letter expresses dissatisfaction too violent to last." That fragile, ugly man whom some eall charlatan and others

call saint, who has rocked an empire and solved a problem*that

baffled statesmen--Gandhi--writes a profoundly religious reply:

NOME MBER a5 2 193.2 eae en leteReAR Y4eDilGES:T 21

Tle as calling You |

You are likely to think of the telephone from your individual point of view, as a convenience, as a necessity, aS a means of transmitting to others your own thoughts and desires.

But your telephone is of equal im- portance to those who wish to get in touch with you. Right now as you are reading, someone, somewhere, may be calling you. It may be merely a friendly greeting .. . or news of importance to change In a moment your telephone may ring. It the course of your life. may be a call from across the street, across the

'Have dinner with us tomorrow." ... The continent, across the sea. As you receive this ereater part of social goings and comings are message, of vital importance or mere daily de- maintained by telephone. "Come quickly! You tail, you share in the benefits of the great chain are needed." . . . In crises and emergencies the of communication which links up the activities telephone is indispensable. "That contract is of the world. entirely satisfactory." ... The wheels of industry move in direct response to messages received by telephone.

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY

22 TH ES LSICT-EXREAeRSy Se OG ear

'Life for me is real, as I believe it to be a spark of the Divine.

'Religion not in the conventional but in the broadest sense helps me to have a glimpse of the Divine essence. This glimpse is impossible without full development of the moral sense. Hence religion and morality are, for me, synonymous terms.

"Striving for full realization keeps me going. This strife is the source of whatever inspiration and energy I possess.

"The goal is already stated. My consolation and my happi- ness are to be found in service of all that lives, because the Divine essence is oe the sum total of all life.

'*My treasure lies in battling against darkness and all forces of evil."

O NE thinks of Helen Wills Moody only as standing taut and trim on a tennis court, waiting for the ball, or blazing into action when the game starts. But she is an artist, too, and she has delved a little into philosophy and won a Phi Beta Kappa key. Her letter to him, says Mr. Durant, is by far the most interesting reply he received from a woman.

She is possest by the spirit of rest- lessness. ''The only thing that I know I really want," 'is some means of exercising the restlessness which seems

Abbe Ernest Dimnet

she writes, to be continually in my heart. thing will do.'' It is the reason she has played tennis '"'so fast and furiously for so many years.'' This restlessness is her 'It is a 'motive force of toil' (of such 'toil' as I have "By working steadily on the thing that I like,

Tennis, painting--almost any-

religion. done!),'' she writes. I can remove from my mind momentary spells of sadness or irri- tation or anger, and afterward feel happy and almost peaceful."'

Yes, two P. S.'s. In the first Mrs. Moody concludes that restlessness is a disease. In the

second: ''I am so happy in the activity of paint-

ing that I do not care about what astronomers predict, biologists declare, or what Love is said to

be or what has happened to Religion. I am sure

that I am hatefully selfish."

Mas. Moopy is twenty-five, and she has had an

easy passage through the years. Restless in many

good causes, an older woman and a teacher of women, Mary EK. Woolley of Mount Holyoke

College, writes: ''Life grows in meaning as I go

on. I can not quite understand,' she says : YS,

"how a human being can face life without a belief in a Supreme Power, a Personality with whom communion can be a real thing." Hear her further:

''My creed is a simple one, with little theology embodied in it. Jesus Christ is to me the supreme revelation of Love and so of God, and His life an inspiration showing how a human life may be lived in kind if not in degree.

"T find 'motive force of toil' also in other lives, some that I have known personally, others only histori- cally. The fact that there have been human lives of power and beauty is a stimulus to lving. My own mother and father have been a part of that stimulus, showing in an incon- spicuous way what love can accomplish in a human life.

'As for 'consolations and happiness,' I think that they come all along the way.

"T am writing on an October morn- ing, in the height of the autumn glory, when just to be alive is inspira- tion, and when the gray days come and moments of depression, the realization that 'God's in His heaven,' even tho far from feeling that 'all's right.with the world,' gives consolation and happiness. to religion as that which keeps me going!"'

Helen Wills Moody

So I come back

Mary E. Woolley

NOVEM BR ERPS So tee

The Great Game of Grab

HE DISEASE KNOWN as the ''itching palm" peculiar to office-holders.

It is epidemic. It is found in the man who gives and in the man who accepts a ''rake-off'' in connection with a busi- ness transaction.

For instance, it has been discovered that a man who declaimed against corruption in office was himself the beneficiary, or the victim, of a form of graft in his own business. Even in church bazaars and community affairs opportunities to get something for nothing arise and are accepted.

is not

And what but a common grafter is Mrs. Blank who married Mr. Blank for the alimony she expected and got through the connivance of a lawyer and the chivalry of a judge.

Then there are all the little pipe- lines which some of the elect try to run to Uncle Sam's Treasury. ''Good old "He can support

unele,"' they say.

Copyright by International

re / Sinclair Lewis us all.

Graft is only one of the forms of the spiritual slump, and if we are to eradicate it and other evils springing from the spiritual depression, it behooves all of us to search our own hearts and actions. The man in office who accepts a bribe for letting a contract is only doing in a big way what a lot of us do in a small way and deseribe as a favor.

All eyes have been opened by the spectacular Seabury inves- tigation in New York, but The American Church Monthly, Anglo-Catholic organ, opens our eyes to the wide-spread virulence of the ''itching palm."

ja eae abound, we read:

"For example, it is an established habit for the manager of a large estate to receive from tradesmen commissions on all purchases made from them. Buyers for great firms are given 'presents' by those whose goods they have bought for their principals.

'"We lately saw striking illustrations of the extent of this practise in two stories told by Mr. Lawes, warden of Sing Sing, in his recent book. He had discovered that a customer had given a 'rake-off' to a committee in charge of a play to be produced by the prisoners. The man justified himself on the ground that 'in practically every case where he had furnished costumes for banquets and entertain- ments, whether they were for church functions or lodges or Masonie organizations, the committee in charge always received an honorarium from him. It's an accepted fact,' he explained, 'and I had no other intention than to do the same thing in this case.'

"The executive of a large department store had been declaim- ing against the graft in public institutions. Mr. Lawes was able to enowd to his confusion that only those applicants who paid five or ten dollars to the employment manager could hope to obtain positions in that store, and that the steward of the executive's yacht received a refund of thirty dollars on every hundred spent for supplies.

"These things are not unusual or surprizing, as most men familiar with the business world will admit. It may be that awareness of this fact explains the lack of general indignation over the disclosures made by Judge Seabury in his investigation of affairs in New York City.

"It is only when honor and honesty characterize the ordinary dealings of men that they will characterize those of our elected officials. What right have we to expect otherwise? Perhaps

Acme

NOVEMBER =5 > 1193.2 erveee Le abe RY. D'LG E Si 23

Neer IS one false econ- omy more foolish and dan- gerous than any other. That is, to risk life and limb in your motor car on tread- bare, road-worn, decrepit tires in these days of low- priced rubber. Even the best of tires must fail if you push them too far. Don't take a chance -- especially now, when you can get the best- known, the most popular safety tread in the world-- the sure-gripping, tight- clinging Goodyear All- Weather Tread--at so little cost. Put them on the wheels of your car today, for the sake of your conscience, your peace of mind and your own and your family's

xS

TUN VAC Se ee

ke

fle,

24 THE LITERARY DIGEST

editorial writers and popular preachers would do well to take cognizance of this fact."

In the old days, as the editor of The Churchman Afield de- partment of the Boston Evening Transcript recalls, no one dreamed of applying to the Government for aid, even if they did '"They expected to support Now the ery is,

have a hard time paying their taxes. their Government and not be supported by it." he tells us: ''Uncle Sam ought to be rich enough to pay off our farm debts and mortgages and maintain good prices for our crops regardless of how much we in- erease production."

1S alimony ''racket"' offers a rich opportunity to a certain type of woman, and The Churchman Afield recalls:

"Tn a certain Greater Boston hospital a group of nurses hatched a conspiracy. EKach planned to attempt to trap some well-to-do man, and, after a forced marriage, to sue for divorce and secure enough alimony to maintain them for life. The fact was attested to this writer by a nurse in that hos- pital who refused to join, and left the institution.

''How wide-spread may be this system of graft among women of low morale, we do not know. It is well known, however, that many, many women are living on alimony.

"Then there is the graft of patriotism, where men put on khaki and work for the Government for a few months, or a year or two in ease of war, come out without a scratch, and yet de- mand that the Government support them, in whole or in part, the remainder of their lives."

Other evidences of the slump in Christian idealism are found by The Churchman Afield:

"The divorce courts, the criminal courts, the break-up of families, the half-filled churches, the loss of faith, the preaching of pagan doctrines in pulpits once consecrated to Jesus Christ and His Gospel, the teaching of agnosticism, even atheism, in colleges endowed with funds earned by hard labor and given by Christian believers--these and many other things tell their own story.

'' All this has a distinctly religious aspect. The conditions show a slump in Christian idealism and a state of immorality, the steady increase of which means the destruction of our system of government, the downfall of our civilization, and possible anarchy where every man's hand will be against every other man.

''The source of it all is human selfishness which indulges in every kind of grab game to get something for nothing. Lotteries, betting, and card gambling, both public and private, simply cultivate the passion for the bolder forms of racketeering, rob- bery, and highwaymanship.

"Tt will not be out of place for church people and all professing Christians to carefully consider, in the period of penitence and prayer to which they have been called, the question of how far they may be responsible for these conditions, either by participa- tion, acquiescence or omission, and to determine upon some course of action to oppose the evil.

"How long will this nation exist as a representative govern- ment if such evils continue to spread?"

Russia's Ban on God

OD must be out of Russia in five years. The decree has @ been signed by Stalin and others who have such matters in charge.

The expulsion is the ultimate objective of a ''five-year plan of atheism," reported by a special correspondent of the Lon- don Morning Post. As the correspondent quotes the decree,

it runs

"On May 1, 1937, there must not remain on the territory of the U. S. S. R. a single house of prayer to God, and the very conception 'God' will be banished from the boundaries of the

Home By T. L. Paine

OD'S mercy spread the sheltering roof; Let faith make firm the floor. May friend and stranger, all who come, Find love within the door. May peace enfold each sleeping-place,

And health surround the board; From all the lamps that light the halls Be radiant joy outpoured. Let kindness keep the hearth aglow, And through the windows shine; Be Christlike living, on the walls The pattern and design. The Christian Century, Chicago.

NOVEM BE Ri #5 ao

Soviet Union, as a survival of the Middle Ages which has served as an instrument for the oppression of the working masses.

Tas Soviet Government has been struggling against God for some years, and has destroyed unnumbered churches and made bonfires of symbols and icons. Apparently the battle is far from won.

In the first year of the fresh campaign, the correspondent tells us, it is proposed to suppress all religious schools and to deprive all the ''servitors of religious cults" of their allowances of food and the necessities of life. In the capitals of the Soviet Union all the churches and _ prayer- houses of all religious communi- ties are to be closed by May 1, 1934.

A "shock campaign' will be launched in the second year against ''religious centers' in family life and the officially regis- tered ''communes of the faithful'' (the former monasteries). Special attention will be devoted to the inculeation of ''reasonable un- belief'? among the masses.

The second half of the plan will be devoted to the consolidation of the results achieved by the "aetivization of the anti-God units,' and to the conversion of former churches into clubs, picture-houses, and other places of "'reasonable recreation."

Strengthening Marriage in Canada

ARRIAGE MEANS MORE in Canada than in the United States.

While some of the Protestant churches on this side of the border have been making divorce and remarriage easier for their constituents, just the opposite course has been taken by the United Church of Canada. Indeed, it is rather frightened by the looseness of the marital bond south of the line.

After a spirited debate, in which the issue was largely the degree to which divorce should be condemned, the General Coun- cil of the United Church, in session at Hamilton, Ontario, adopted a resolution saying that ''the United Church, therefore, would discourage solemnization by any of its ministers of the marriage of any person during the lifetime of a partner in a previous union." It is recognized that such a stand ''will, in many cases, involve hardship, but,' says the General Council, "the Christian is called to endure hardship."

Onanion may differ on the subject of divorce, comments the Toronto Globe, ''but there is no question of the need of a strong opinion being created to resist the extension of the practise in this country.'"' Canada's position, it is said, is in some peril from conditions in the United States:

"The Dominion lies along a 3,090-mile boundary line, beyond which marriages are made and unmade with a speed that fre- quently makes a joke of a most serious matter.

'Families are broken with the greatest ease, and one man may be the father of several groups of children and the ex-husband of several women who are remarried to other men. Family life under such conditions can not retain the purity and wholesome- ness it should possess.

"Worst of all, many Canadians go to the United States for a few weeks and take advantage of the simple proceedings neces- sary for the dissolution of marriage.

"The Christian Chureh has not only an opportunity but a duty to safeguard and strengthen the sacred bonds of marriage. The ministers of any branch of the Church should feel -this responsibility, and the General Council of the United Church deserves congratulation for its heartening declaration."

NG EMBER = 5, 1932

RAW up an imaginary chair to the first

Thanksgiving table in the year 1621 and see why you have so much to be thankful for today. Your home has comfort, color, cheer. You have inventions to save your eyes and your energy. You have devices to spare your hands, your back and your health. You live better, sleep better, eat better.

And if you wish, you can have floors that measure up to the rest of your home .. . floors that belong in their surroundings, that are beau- tiful to look at, and easy to care for.

If your floors even hint of those "'good old days" of drabness and hard work, just say, **We've put up with them long enough." Then

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Direct Color Photograph of Armstrong's Handmade Embossed Inlaid, No. 6282, in an actual interior

THREE CENTURIES OF THANKSGIVING

i AS a a,

let your local linoleum merchant show you what modern floorstyle really is today. Let him show you the newest creations in Armstrong's Lino- leum. Let him explain the everyday advantages of these easy-to-care-for floors. And finally, let him tell you how the cost fits into your revised thinking and your 1932 budget. Here are floors that will really merit your thanks!

But would you first like to see a whole collection of colorful rooms that have been transformed by modern floors of Armstrong's Linoleum? We'll be glad to send it to you. Just ask for the ""Home Decorator's Idea Book." Enclose 10¢ to cover cost of mailing. (In Canada, 20¢.) Address Armstrong Cork Company, Floor Division, 962 Race Avenue, Lan- caster, Pennsylvania. (Makers of cork products since 1860.)

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and ARMSTRONG'S QUAKER RUGS

CURRENT POETRY

UNPUBLISHED POETRY UNAVAILABLE

UNSOLICITED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DEPARTMENT CAN NOT BE RETURNED.

Ma. Funx's new volume is called ''Light-Lines and Dears'"' (Robert M. Mc- Bride & Company), and has its quota of verses, light, witty and audacious. But it has more than that, as our selections show:

GOOD-BYE TO YOUTH BY WILFRED J. FuNK

This then is age; a soft crumbling Of shining palaces: an icy wind Blowing between dead worlds: a toothless mum- bling: The burning blood of passion cooled and thinned.

This is-age then: a sleep and a forgetting: The loosening of fingers formed to hold

The loveliness of life: a broad sun setting, Pilfering the last hills of their gold.

Satiety: nor any further thirsting: Nor a sharp thrill to meet the eager buds

Of a young spring: dreams, iridescent, bursting As bubbles do, in drops of bitter suds.

ADVENTURE

By Witrrep J. Funk

You take a home in a valley With the hush of an inland rain And the South-wind, and a rose-sweet Vine for an anchor chain.

But I'll take the roaring typhoon On the road to Ninh-a-fu,

With a drunken star to steer me, And a leathery, deep-lunged crew.

(But I'll take mine in the movies, If it's all the same to you!)

HOSPITAL

By Witrrep J. FuNK

A little lad to-day will keep A quiet tryst: he soon will sleep

In dreams: I pray he may not feel The sharp bite of the searching steel:

He is so very young: he knows The mystery of death: he goes

Guard him to-day .. . dear "Gods. .-L 'kneel'... 1

With level eyes nissehour 2. « pray.

Onn of a group named "Airs Out of Erin" in The Step Ladder (Chicago). Does any country more inspire such nostalgia?

AVE By Curmnton ScoLLuaRD

Land that my forebears trod In times evanished long,

Take from this newer sod The tribute of my song!

Through the gray mist of years My mind goes ranging far

To where Cuchullin's spears Gleamed on the front of war:

To moors that Deirdre knew, Glens roamed by foot of Maeve,

Streams by which Brian Boru Battled among the brave:

Heroes a long, long line, "air women and deep-eyed,

I feel that you are mine-- Your passion and your pride!

There stirs within the blood What one may not evade--

A bond of brotherhood However days may fade.

At last triumphantly Risen from woe and wrong, Take, Erin, this for me The tribute of my song!

Here is a poem descriptive of the Chinook run on the Klamath River, the Mekka of all California fishermen. The writer is president of the Sonoma District League of writers. From the Oakland Tribune:

THE CHINOOK RUN By Heten Mritier LEHMAN

Weather beaten shacks along the cliff Peer out through the fog

Like snoopy women prying

Into their neighbors' business.

The surf becomes an heavy artillery Booming along the bar.

Above the jaws of the river

Where the channel narrows to the sea. A ribbon of creamy foam

Whips itself into a neckband of lather That stretches from bank to bank. Great pregnant fish, heavy with roe, Make their way upstream

Toward the riffles to spawn,

Rolling their silver bellies and black fins Along the poker face of the water. Silent Indians rhythmically oar their dugouts And cast whining wet lines

Into the silence of the fog.

It is high tide of the full of the moon, And the run of Chinook is on.

(oes expressing nostalgic yearning, this poem in The Step Ladder (Chicago) should give happiness in Kentucky:

HILL COUNTRY By Jesstzr W1iLMORE Murron

I bin wanderin', Kentucky, Wanderin' many a year. . . Now I'm comin' back, Kentucky,

Do you .. . keer?

Thar be lots o' hills an' valleys, Mountains high an' grand,

Cayn't none o' 'em pull my heart-strings Like Kentucky land;

Little ol' log cabin settin' On a fur high ridge,

Little crooked creek a-singin' 'Neath a saplin' bridge;

Patch a corn a-stragglin' up to Whar th' woods commence,

Bright-eyed lizards settin' sunnin' On a ol' rail fence;

Sweeter-smellin' 'en plumgranite, Wood-smoke, curlin' white

On a still-like frosty mornin' At th' break o' light;

An' th' spring a-creepin', creepin', Creepin' through th' hills,

Turnin' 'em all green an' gold-like Whar th' sunshine spills;

I'm jes' sick fer mountain laurel, Honeysuckle vines--

Tumblin' down a rocky hillside Whar a wild rose pines;

Plumes 0' white wild plum an' dogwood, Whar green tree-tops toss,

Splash 0' sweet pink wild crabapple, Patch o' crowfoot moss;

Them's th' things I bin a-seekin', Didn't know it though, Huntin', hankerin', longin', lookin' Fer th' long ago.

I bin wanderin', Kentucky, Wanderin' many a year. . .

Now I'm comin' back, Kentucky, Do you... keer?

Tus satiric poet of The New Statesman and Nation (London) writes something for each country to ponder to-day:

PATRIOTISM FOR PRATTLERS By MacF.Lecknor

** Pray what is the test,'' little Henry inquired, "For assessing a patriot's worth;

Since even a Socialist's often inspired By a love for the land of his birth;

'"And it doesn't seem true that one party alone To the flag of its country pays deference?'' "But the depth of their love,'' said the Tory, "is shown By its solid cash value in preference. "'

""We display,'' cried the Nazis, ''our love for the State By our flagrant contempt for its laws; For the use of revolvers to silence debate Is the mark of the patriot cause."'

'"A patriot's one,'' came a voice from Japan, "Who is willing to steal for the nation, : And by flouting the League, to engender a plan

For his country's complete isolation."'

"To distinguish,'' quoth Winston, ''the wheat from the chaff, I can give you an excellent test: He will ham-string a peace for the sake of a laugh And endanger his land for a jest."'

""Alas!'' sobbed the child, "I must forfeit my claim a To a patriot's rank, though a dumb one; For it seems that I value my country's fair fame A great deal too much to become one.''

low man defeated the gods is cleverly imagined in Unity (Chicago):

igEsSEGREMs REAGE

By Lovis GInsBERG

Once when Time yet slumbered, Before evil began,

The gods on their hills grew angry At viewing arrogant man

Upon their upper pastures Pompously advance,

Encroaching upon their lore with Elaborate ignorance. ;

Then the gods said scowling, 'Punished must he be! We shall sever from him His immortality!

But where is the place to hide it

So he must always seek? Fathoms under the ocean

Or leagues on the topmost peak?

Yet he will plumb Pacifics And scale Himalayan slopes; And the far constellations He'll comb with his telescopes . . ."'

The universe they prowled in, Hunting if they could see

A hidden nook for concealing Man's immortality.

Until at last they discovered A secret place apart

Where man would not think to look in-- They hid it deep in his heart!

--

MOVEMBER 5, 1932

ieee ARTY DIGEST

NEW! SAFER! COSTS LESS!

HE new G. P.A. is the anti- freeze bargain of 1932!

Not only is G. P. A. considerably lower in price but it is definitely bet- ter than ever for your car.

G.P.A. is, of course, permanent

_as always. It will not evaporate or boil away. One filling lasts all win- ter. No bothersome refillings!

Not only that, but the new G.P.A. leaks less than water. If your cooling system is water-tight, G. P.A. will "stay put" indefinitely.

Another remarkable feature of the new G.P.A.: It stops the rusting and corrosion caused by ordinary tap water; and this protection con- tinues after G. P. A.is drained out.

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It also retards the disintegration of rubber hose. In every way it is bet- ter for your cooling system than plain water.

All in all, there are 14 important advantages of the new G. P.A. Read them carefully. See if G. P. A. is not the kind of anti-freeze you want this year.

Safer! Surer! Lower in price!

14 ADVANTAGES OF G. P. A.

1. Gives complete protection against freeze-ups to 30° below zero.

. Will not evaporate--not even on the warmest days. One filling lasts all winter.

. Leaks less than water.

. Protects all metals of the cooling system against corrosion and the rust caused

RO ND

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10. Wife We 13. 14,

7 pe

by tap water. This protection continues after G. P. A. is drained out.

. Retards disintegration of rubber hose. . Positively will not clog or gum radiator.

. Mixes quickly and permanently with

water.

. Never overheats motor.

- Does not injure Duco or other finishes,

No unpleasant or dangerous fumes. Safe--non-poisonous, non-inflammable. Permits better operating temperatures. Made to G. P. A. quality-standards. Lower in price. More economical than

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FILL EARLY: SinceG.P.A. will not evaporate you can safely put it in early. Thus you avoid the last minute rush and all danger of early-season freeze-ups.

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SCIENCE AND INVENTION

New Search-light to Trap Planes

RADICALLY NEW IDEA in search-lights, which, it is

claimed, can trap hostile aircraft in a few minutes, has

just been demonstrated at Fort Totten, New York, by its inventor, Col. A. M. Jackson, commanding officer of the Sixty-second U. S. Coast Artillery.

By means of a series of mirrors in a frame in front of the search- light lens the high-intensity beam is broken up into nine or more separate beams, thus greatly increasing the area lighted up. To quote a recent press bulletin:

'"None of these beams will interfere with one another, yet the

Photograph by Halbran

''How Far That Little (800,000,000) Candle Throws His (12) Beams."

The big horns of the sound locators detect the raucous buzz of enemy airplane motors, then the beams of the new 800,000,000 candle-power search-light are thrown in that direction and the aircraft are trapt in its blinding glare.

entire area is illuminated evenly. Strange as it may seem, previous attempts at training several search-light beams at a target in the sky*have actually shielded the target, because search- light beams are opaque. This can not happen with this Army officer's invention which, it is claimed, can quickly locate enemy aircraft and, due to its design and the large area covered, can prevent the escape of the hostile aircraft regardless of the pilot's trickery or movements. A battery of these new-type search-lights placed at strategic positions could protect the entire area of New York City or any other place. Experts claim that it is the first major advancement in antiaircraft protection. This search- light could, of course, be used for any other type work as well as antiaircraft."

Sis the New York Sun, in an account of another demonstra- tion, within the city itself:

"Hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers saw a fan-shaped series of search-light beams cast into the sky from Bryant Park last night and disclose a squadron of Army planes making a mock attack on the city.

"The occasion was the first public demonstration of an anti- aircraft device recently invented by Col. A. M. Jackson, com- manding officer of the Sixty-second Coast Artillery at Fort Totten.

"Tt consists of a series of twelve reflectors which break up the single high-intensity beam of an ordinary 800,000,000-candle- power antiaircraft search-light into twelve separate beams, thus greatly increasing the area lighted up.

"Four of the huge search-lights were used last night. Their beams were cast across Bryant Park into the reflectors, which sent forty-eight shafts of brilliant light two miles into the sky. By rotating the reflectors various patterns were obtained as the planes from Mitchel Field came across the city and were revealed by the lights."

Carriers of Disease

T IS NOW ASSERTED that many more people are "carriers" of infectious diseases than has been suspected. Carriers themselves may be totally ignorant that they

are walking perils to their friends and neighbors.

A writer in The Illinois Health Messenger (Springfield, Ill.) asserts that between 1 and 3 per cent. of all typhoid patients in that State develop into ''carriers'' when their recovery appears to be complete.

Probably there are ''carriers"' of all infectious diseases, but much remains to be known about them and the conditions under

which they develop. We read:

"All infectious or communicable diseases occur in almost every con- ceivable degree of severity. Some people have tuberculosis in such a mild form that it is never recognized. Some have whooping-cough, scarlet- fever, typhoid fever, and even diph- theria, in such mild degree that the illness is either not recognized at all or only with the greatest difficulty. Many people are infected with dis- ease-producing germs who never manifest the slightest symptoms of sickness.

'""This explains one prolific source of those people known as 'disease carriers.' Persons who are manifestly and recognizably sick are not called carriers. A carrier, on the other hand, may be a person in any one of three conditions. First, there is the carrier who is ill, but not enough to force him to bed or to consult a doctor. Second, there is the carrier who is convalescing, but continues to harbor virulent germs. Third, there is the carrier in whom certain virulent dis- ease germs flourish with apparently no unfavorable infiuence on his health.

'Typhoid fever carriers are found principally if not altogether among people who have had the disease. Some individuals have been found to be dangerous carriers forty-five years after recovery. Carriers may develop after a very mild attack no less frequently than after a severe attack of typhoid fever. Indeed, an attack may be so mild as to not be recognized as typhoid fever and still leave the patient as a chronic carrier. Between 1 and 3 per cent. of all who recover from typhoid fever develop into chronic carriers. These people must be exceedingly careful in their personal habits in order not to endanger others. Soiled hands may contaminate food and drink. Excretions that come into contact with drinking water or food endanger others.

"Fortunately, the typhoid carrier can be rather easily detected. Sometimes repeated tests are necessary, since the carrier condi- tion is not always constant. Most of the typhoid-fever cases in Illinois during recent years have been attributed to carriers. Patients with typhoid fever are nearly always cared for now- adays in a way that prevents spreading the disease.

"Diphtheria carriers are also especially important. They may be persons who are convalescing from the disease, or persons who come into contact with a patient or carrier, but who do not come down with the disease. The shorter the time after re- covery the more apt is a person to be a carrier, and the more dangerous. General immunization of children reduces enor- mously the danger of diphtheria carriers. Germs from diphtheria carriers escape through particles expelled through the nose and mouth.

""A great deal remains to be learned about carriers in general. It is probable that there are carriers, persons in apparently good health, of nearly every communicable disease. In respect to typhoid fever and diphtheria carriers, knowledge is already suffi- cient to make practicable a high degree of control. As knowledge increases concerning carriers of other diseases it will be possible to exercise more and more control of these diseases."

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30

Forgers Foiled by Ultra-Violet Rays

CIENCE HAS NOW PUT another powerful instrument into the hand of the expert to foil the forger. Not a new weapon, but an old one used in a new way. It used to be called ''black light.' Now it brings to light things which the forger would like to keep dark. Mr. Elbridge Walker in The Scientific American (New York) tells us more about it:

"This instrument is the quartz-mercury vapor-are which radiates a high percentage of ultra-violet rays. These rays are not a recent discovery; neither is the mercury vapor are an invention of yesterday. But new uses are constantly being found for the valuable rays.

"The ultra-violet rays are outside of the field of visibility on the violet end of the spectrum. The light generated is not all in- visible ultra-violet, and it is necessary to filter out most of the visible light. In the examina- tion of documents this filtering is done by means of a glass screen made xs. ON. & base of nickel oxid. ce 2 It isa very dark red- : violet color appearing black, and the early ex- perimenters called ultra- violet rays 'black light.'"'

Tus secret of their power is the fact that altho the rays them- selves are invisible, they are capable of gener- ating visible hght when they strike certain sub- stances. Fortunately, a number of these sub- stances are used in documents. Moreover:

Rays Nip the Raise Upper: The date of a will as photo- graphed in the ordinary way. Lower: The same area photographed by the ultra-violet rays. It is clear that the date was originally 1916, and that the

"16" was taken out and altered to "31" at a subsequent time.

""There are three main divisions ina fluorescence study of a document: First: certain kinds of materials can be distinguished from each other, altho by ordinary observation in daylight they are identical. Second: certain things that are invisible even under the microscope are made visible by filtered ultra-violet light. Third, and perhaps the most valuable, is the possibility of photographing the effect of the rays on document materials. The sensitized photographie plate records things that can not be seen by the eye.

'Fluorescence of a document depends upon the paper, ink, or any chemical or other materials in the object examined. It is sometimes a silvery glow, while other materials, which under ordinary light seem to be white, will appear a surprizing dark brown or bluish color. Chemical erasures which show no trace in ordinary light, often appear as a dark blot.

""Papers made of different basic materials or sized with dif- ferent compositions can: be positively distinguished from each other by the fluorescence test. Therefore, a document consisting of several sheets with a substituted page on different paper can thus be shown to be irregular. Paper made of pure cotton rags gives a clear white fluorescence, while that made of pure linen rags is a distinct bluish color under the rays. Paper containing chemical wood-pulp appears as a dark grayish brown. Mechan- ical wood-pulp paper appears almost black. Vegetable or animal size and various coating materials have their own individual reactions.

"Alterations in documents may sometimes be shown with startling clearness. Such a result is often of the greatest im- portance. The document is not harmed or changed in any way, no matter how fragile or how valuable it may be.'

Heretofore there has been no way to restore bleached or erased writing made with anilin ink, but the residue of many of these inks fluoresces in a pronounced way, so that they ean be photo-

THE LITERARY = DPGiesm

NOVIE MB ER? 95% S9im

graphed and made visi- ble, altho not a_ trace can be discovered on the altered document. Cer- tain erased writings can easily be deciphered by examining the back of the paper under therays. To quote again:

'"Sometimes the field in which an erasure has been made is shown as a distinctly disturbed area even when the details of the original writing can not be deciphered. It can thus be shown that an alteration has been made, and compels an explanation by the per- sons who would profit by the alteration.

"The quartz mercury vapor are is only an ad- ditional tool in the hands of the expert, and does not supplant other scientific instruments or processes. It does not replace knowledge, intelligence, or reasoning, and it is of value only when used by a skilled and experienced observer."'

Upper: Back of a note photographed

in ordinary daylight. Lower: Back of same note, showing the effect of fluorescence by the ultra-violet rays when photographed. Thus, erased ink can be made visible once more.

Gold-Plated Bears

ESPITE TOPSY-TURVY WORLD money standards, Ursus horribilis, the Alaskan grizzly bear, sticks to the

gold standard, orrather, the gold standard sticks to him.

When a University of Michigan forestry professor went

prospecting in bear hides brought from the Yukon region, look-

ing for new types of animal parasites, he found the expected

fleas, and unexpected flakes of gold, scattered throughout the fur. Says a press bulletin issued by the university:

"While Prof. Dow V. Baxter was in Alaska during the summer, he purchased four silver-tip grizzly-bear hides from Indian hunters. Back at the university this fall he turned the hides over to Prof. E. C. O'Roke, expert on animal parasites.

"When Professor O'Roke hunts for para- sites he combs out the fur and then 'pans' the dust in a small dish with water, much as gold is panned by prospectors. Panning his bear dust, the professor was pleased to find fleas, dead and dried up. Looking more closely he saw yellow flakes which immediately recalled days when he had prospected for min- erals. Examined under the microscope, the yel- low metal gleamed out unmistakably.

"Lest ambitious min- ers pack kits and head for the Yukon, Professor O'Roke states that the gold is minute in quan- tity, and that 'bear panning' is far from a get-rich-quick possibil- ity. How the bears collected the gold flakes in their thick fur is a mystery. Small amounts of gold are found in many Alaskan stream beds, and the metal may have been caught under the animal's claws, later to be transferred to the fur in scratching operations, or the bears might have 'rolled in wealth' on. the shore of some quiet Yukon stream, picking up stray flakes."

Illustrations by courtesy of The

ientific American

The Forger Caught

Upper: Ordinary photograph of back

of a check in area where indorsements

should appear. Lower: Ultra-violet light shows three indorsements.

NOW E MIBIERES5 §219°312

nett

TEE) ERA R YTDUGES T 31

a

FOR WINTER... SPECIAL LOW COLD-TEST OILS AND GREASES

Aaa protects you completely against THAT FATAL 60 SECONDS --the costly minute before a

slow-moving, lazy oil begins to lubricate.

And thousands of motors have been scored, scratched, or burned in THAT FATAL 60 SECONDS of delayed lubrication.

But VEEDOL gushes to every vital point in your engine

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Triple-dewaxed at 55° below zero to make it free- flowing. Cold-proofed and heat-proofed by new re-

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For complete car protection . . . from below zero to above boiling . . . use VEEDOL. There are special winter grades of oils and greases for your motor, gears,

and chassis.

A TIDE WATER ASSOCIATED PRODUCT

32 THE LITERARY 1DUEGEST

NOVEMBER 5,

A plain statement

IMPORTANT

INFORMATION

NTi-

FOR THE

In an effort to clear up the confusion regarding anti-freeze, which appears

to exist in the minds of many consumers, we give below the outstanding

facts. The following statements are guaranteed to be correct and accurate

in every particular.

ing-systems of automobiles during the cold

weather months was one that taxed the ingenu- ity of car owners for many years. Salt, honey, alcohol, kerosene, glycerine and many other products and by- products were used with varying success. Within the past few years, however, there has been developed a new product, a product specialiy designed for this one use and purpose.

"Tix problem of preventing freezing in the cool-

That product is Eveready Prestone. It is not a gen- eral commodity used principally for other purposes: it is an anti-freeze, and nothing else. It is a scientific development, thoroughly approved by all car manu- facturers; a product which embodies all the advantages of all materials previously used, with none of their inherent weaknesses.

In developing Eveready Prestone, the laboratories of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, keeping in mind the requirements of the U. S. Bureau of Stand- ards for an ideal anti-freeze, worked toward a product which would satisfy the following specifications:

1. It must not boil away. A boil-away anti-freeze is both an inconvenience and a poor protector against

They are supported by the highest scientific authorities.

sudden changes in the weather. Such anti-freeze re- quires frequent renewals and leaves the car unpro- tected when a cold snap follows warm weather.

2. It must be harmless to the cooling-system. An anti-freeze which corrodes the cooling-system is a poor product to put in a car.

3. It must be effective in preventing freezing. The effectiveness of the materials commonly used before the advent of Eveready Prestone varied over a wide range. Some were effective in preventing freezing; others were not.

4. It must not affect the car finish. The fumes of boil-away products were a source of danger to the finish of fine cars. This was a weakness which those who developed Eveready Prestone were anxious to avoid.

5. It must circulate freely at the lowest operating temperatures. A heavy, viscous material, which is not free-flowing, is obviously a poor cooling-agent.

6. It must be non-inflammable and odorless. Winter driving was often made unpleasant by smelly fumes,

[e9tsZ

NVONM ENVIE-ER? 25% 1°9:3:2 Morice (BIA RY TD IGEST 33

of facts concerning

V4 wile | fie SCOECOL |

PROTECTION OF CAR OWNERS

while inflammable mixtures held the possibility of Causing serious accidents.

7. it must not "creep." Certain materials in common use had a strong tendency to leak out of systems which were tight enough to hold water but not tight enough to hold these materials. The new product, it was felt, must have Jess tendency to leak than water. Conse- quently, if a car could hold water it would hold the anti-freeze. .

8. It must be packaged as a concentrated product. Many of the products which the public was using, because of their thick, heavy nature in the concen- trated form, were sold as water-diluted solutions. The cost of canning and shipping plain water was thus borne by the public. Obviously, if a concentrated prod- uct could be packaged and sold the user could be saved that expense. Furthermore, the public had no way of telling how much of these diluted solutions was

anti-freeze material and how much was ordinary water. Some brands contained as much as 55% plain water: others contained less. It was decided, therefore, that the new product must be concentrated. Thus the public could be sure of buying a standard product, always the same and always of known value.

9. It must be economical. The laboratories which de- veloped the new product were not interested in low first-cost per gallon. They were interested in low cost per season. It was felt that car owners who had been buying boil-away anti-freeze on the installment plan, a few quarts at a time, would not object toa relatively high first-cost if the all-season cost were low. The new prod- uct, therefore, was priced to cost, for an average winter season, no more than the cost of boil-away anti-freeze.

Thus was deyeloped Eveready Prestone, the only anti-freeze which meets a/] these requirements. But laboratory effort did not stop with that.

A NEW AND IMPROVED PRODUCT AT A LOWER PRICE

Further research developed the product to a point where it gave protection not only against freezing but also against rust and corrosion in the cooling-sys- tem. And such is the mew Eveready Prestone. Its use reduces the corrosive action of water on the metals of the cooling-system as follows: brass, copper, solder, aluminum and zinc, 75%; cast iron, 95%. No other "treated" anti-freeze compares with Eveready Prestone for the prevention of rust and corrosion.

The new Eveready Prestone has been reduced in price. It now offers by far the safest and most economical

protection against both freezing and corrosion. The car owner who uses Eveready Prestone is assured of complete protection through all weather changes, free- dom from worry and the trouble of replacements, and a clean, rust-free radiator. He insures his car, not only against a freeze-up, but also against the costly repairs that follow a rust-clogged and corroded cooling-system. He prolongs the life of his car. e e e

National Carbon Company, Inc., Unit of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, New York, N. Y.

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Last year this Company paid to living policyholders nearly 54 Million Dollars -- or 20 Million Dollars more than its total payments in death claims!

Some of those who received this money are young, pur- suing an education made avail- able by the funds from endow- ment policies; others are older, engaging in vocations for which their life insurance savings have provided the capital; still others are enjoying the leisure their life insurance provides to travel, to pursue their favorite avocations, or to settle down in their homes in comfort and away from the rush of the workaday world.

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Turning Bossy anda Truck of Spuds Into an A. B.

'

: HE lowing herd" wound slowly, not o'er the lea, but along the campus paths of Louisiana State University straight to Prexy's office door. They were urged along by a pretty seventeen-year-old planta- tion girl astride her black horse, Satan. Students materialized seemingly out of nowhere to enjoy and acclaim the spectacle. They mingled rousing cheers with the mooing of the cattle. The confused carnival sound penetrated even to the sanctum of President James Monroe Smith. That dignitary, who, we

agricultural department. For a while they will be represented at the college cafeteria in the form of milk, and perhaps later as beef."

Ir's a trend! In these days, when jobs and money are scarce, ''some American colleges [notably Louisiana State University and Illinois Wesleyan at Bloomington, Illinois] are permitting their students to pay entrance, tuition, dormitory charges, and even board bills in produce of the farm, almost anything from wheat, oats, potatoes,

Illustration by courtesy of The American Weekly

Prexy Smith Greets Miss Percy, Satan, and the Collegiate Cows

are assured, can both ''talk a streak in ancient Greek," and cast an accurately appraising eye over a hit of beef on the hoof, hurried out to investigate the to-do.

Miss Elena Perey, a plantation owner's daughter, hopped from Satan's back and faced Dr. Smith while her nine bovine charges nibbled the campus grass, and the assembled students listened as she began her sales talk.

es HAVE brought you these nine Hereford cows, which are of the same blood as your own. Louisiana State University herd,"' she said, according to a writer in The American Weekly. ''They are sired by L. S. U. Domino, who was sired by Domino, the Grand Champion Hereford of the United States. I helped raise them myself."

Dr. Smith, we read, ''accepted the herd at a valuation of $250. Of this, $40 was immediately charged off against en- trance fees. The rest will go for tuition, a room in one of the dormitories and board at the University dining-hall.

"Miss Freshman Co-ed Perey is now all fixt for most everything except books, clothes, and face powder for the entire nine months of the college year. Her nine Herefords were persuaded to stop nibbling the campus grass and driven off to the

cabbages, turnips, beets, corn, and rice to pigs, cows, chickens, anc horses.'' Reading on:

Almost everything in the way of food is being cheered by the college youth just now, but when the farmer boys and girls begin delivering the goods for the second semester instalment it may be different. If the previous contributions have run too much to one line, such as pork, there may be boos and hisses for those who un- load any more pigs on their Alma Mater.

After his barter of beef for knowledge. the president had hardly settled down to the normal routine of running a college when he was again disturbed by cheers accom- panied by squawks and cackling.

Sophomore Everett Knight had clattered up in an old flivver loaded down with chicken crates containing thirty Rhode Island Red hens whose egg-laying virtues and blue-blooded ancestry he explained eloquently to his president.

The other students thought his speech superior to that of Miss Perey, but Dr. Smith ordered the purser of the university to credit him with only $28. However, Kiverett was satisfied because that was just enough, together with a scholarship he had won and waiting on a college table for his meals, to get him through his second year.

Knight received an ovation from his fellow students, because chicken and éggs are popular. :

However, if the fricassee and gumbo are

NOVEMBER 5,

13 2

Tete k ay ERA RY BCEST

35

BLUE SKIES ... AND THE SPANISH MAIN

St. Thomas (Virgin Islands) ... Fort de France, St. Pierre (Martinique)

Port-of-Spain (Trinidad) .... La Guayra. Puerto Cabello (Venezuela)

Willemstad (Curacao) ....

Axsout Christmas-time, people are getting restless. They're looking longingly southward, to lands and seas where the sun shines golden in midwinter . .. to the blue Caribbean and its fascinating West Indies.

At Martinique, Mt. Pelee rises to smoky heights from palmy, tropic grandeur. ... The little French shops abound in interest- ing knick-knacks. St. Thomas, Trinidad, La Guayra, and Curacgao are full of bright scenes and buc- caneering memories ... at Colon: the canal, Old Panama, and a gay Junch at the Miramar Club.... And fair Havana has delights for those who wish to dine or dance.

A West Indies Cruise forms an ideal break in the cold dreari- ness of Winter ... and such a cruise aboard the beautiful

Sel NORTH ATLANTIC SAILINGS: PARIS, November 11, December 9 DE GRASSE, December 6, January 3 °

December 23 e

Colon (Canal Zome) «. . « «

Havana (Cuba)

Lafayette is a treat for the most sophisticated traveler. This new and popular cabin liner will sail twice to the West Indies. A Christ- mas Cruise leaves New York De- cember 16th for 19 days. The second leaves on February 25th.

The Lafayette is famous for her delicious cuisine . . . for the beauty of her salons ... and for the modernity of all her appoint- ments. She will be a most comfort- able, delightful, economical home for those lucky ones who would sail away from Winter... to blue skies and the Spanish Main.

See your travel agent. He will gladly help arrange one of these cruises for you. ... French Line,

19 State Street, New York City.

French fine

Selling tobacco by the yard.

2 WEST INDIES CRUISES

DEC. 16 AND FEB. 25

e CHAMPLAIN, November 26,

ROCHAMBEAU, November 26 cota Le

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THE LITERARY DIGEST

not so good this winter he must expect to be "razzed" by the university's 3,800 undergraduates.

If the various athletic teams do not measure up to expectations, Miss Percy, Mr. Knight, and the others who have pro- vided the grub for the training tables may expect to be blamed for it.

Miriam MeMillen, Crowley, Louisiana, delivered two bales of cotton to pay for her year's study in the School of Music, while other students have notified | the authorities that they expect to bring sirup, rice, and many other farm products of the section.

Tiunors WESLEYAN, too, decided that the plan might be worth trying, and more colleges are reported intending to swap produce for learning.

Should it be successful, ''it may be rated as one of the cleverest moves to fight the depression,' says the writer, tinuing:

But then college faculties are supposed to contain the country's brainiest men, and it is about time they passed out some good ideas. Anyhow, it is the biggest news of the year on the campus and down on the farm.

Most colleges run a commons or public dining-hall where most of the undergradu- ates eat at cost. The boys might as well eat up the carrots and turnips from their own farms as buy these things from the market, after freight, middlemen's com- missions, and other expenses have been added to what they originally cost.

The professors, tutors, instructors, jJani- tors, carpenters, steam-fitters, and the rest of the crew usually eat at home with their families. But, if they wish to hold their jobs, they will probably follow their presi- dent's example, buy from the college and have it charged against their pay checks.

Of course, families that like beef and lamb and never eat pork may find their college spirit somewhat strained if that is about all there is in the way of meat for months at a time.

However, it is better than being out of a job and not eating at all.

Even consuming all they can around the campus, the colleges do not hope to eat it all up at home. But they have plans for getting rid of the rest in other ways.

The loyal alumni who used to write the regular checks live mostly in and around half a dozen of the nearest large cities. These once prosperous givers can no longer afford to give anything, but they will all manage to buy a turkey for Thanksgiving, and probably another for Christmas.

A letter from Prexy, telling him ''never mind the cash this year but please, for the old college's sake, buy one of its turkeys at the regular retail rate per pound,'' is not likely to be refused.

When the college has lined up all its possible customers in the near-by cities it can ship its turkeys by ecar-load, and there will be alumni on the railroad who will see that the birds arrive on time and in good condition. Some more alumni can show their college spirit and also renew old acquaintance by putting the birds into their own cars and making deliveries. No manufacturing plant has such possibilities.

When the alumni have been worked for all they are worth, there may still be a residue in some lines, and we may read some day that President Hopkins, of Dart- mouth, being long on the maple sirup and cider of New Hampshire, has swapped some with Georgia U. in return for some

con--

NOVIE M&B EIR? 57) Sinotsaz KOKA EASA

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fine old Southern ''hog and hominy"' and molasses. The irreducible residue wiil simply have to be dumped on the market for what it will bring.

eae than 100 youths of Central Illinois "have so far taken advantage of Illinois Wesleyan's 'produce for tuition' offer," The American Weekly reports as its account runs on:

The university has been loaded up pretty heavily with oats, wheat and corn, some of which has been stored in elevators. Much, however, was still in the growing stage, but pledged for delivery after the fall harvest.

One of those to take advantage of the offer was John Dickinson, of Abingdon, who wanted to do three extra hours per 'veek, which would cost extra. For this he delivered forty bushels of his father's potatoes, which were stored in the girls' dormitories. The coeds were not especially enthusiastic, because potatoes are starchy and supposed to make one's figure too plump. The university drew the line at things that can not be eaten. Therefore, an ambitious young woman in Missouri, who offered duck feathers had to be turned down, and so did another who offered pelts from her father's fox farm.

Opening day was enlivened by the escape onto the campus of a hog that one of the freshmen was offering the Dean instead of the usual legal tender. There was a merry chase around the college by the delighted boys, who finally returned the porker to its owner to be weighed. The young man claimed that ten pounds had been run off in the chase. This was allowed as no more than fair, in consideration of all the amuse- ment and exercise the beast had furnished.

As usual, there is nothing new under the sun and the early records of Harvard and of England's Oxford show that they have accepted pork, flour, beans, lumber, stone, and labor in place of cash, during hard times. It is quite customary for boys to work their way through college by their own. labor, but sometimes when his father is a skilled mechanie, it is possible for the student to work his way through by father's labor, instead of just ''working'' the old gentleman for the money.

What's in a Name? The Moscow City Directory

HE Soviet custom of combining one

syllable each from a group of Russian words to make a single word, ''usually in eases of names of government depart- ments and organizations, has produced the twenty-nine-letter appellation Mosobljel- dorshosporttransport," according to an Associated Press dispatch from Moscow. Further--

It is a contraction of the Russian words meaning ''Moscow Province Railroad, Highway, and River Transport Bureau."

Some of the combinations now holding a definite place in the Soviet lexicon are:

''Narkominydel,'' Commissariat for For- eign Affairs; ''Narkomtrud,'" Commis- sariat for Labor; ''Narkomsnab,'' Com- missariat for Supply; ''Sovnarkom," Council of People's Commissars; ''Nar- komzem,'' Commissariat for Agriculture, ''Narkomput,"' Commissariat for Trans- port; '"'Gosizdat,"' State Publishing Society.

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THE LITERARY PDrGast

Frank Ward O'Malley, Brightest of "The Sun's" Rays

e INDLY, strikingly handsome, but,

all things considered, an all-around flop." Thus harshly the late Frank Ward O'Malley epitomized his career. But the friends of this brightest star of the old New York Sun's reportorial galaxy will not have it so.

He was ''one of the best reporters America has ever known," according to H. L. Mencken, no mean reporter himself, as quoted in the New York Times. And The Sun of to-day said of him that ''no contemporary surpassed Frank Ward O'Malley in the technique of the reporter's art. While in the writing of straight news

Copyright by International

"A Bright and Shining Star'"'

Thus "'Editor and Publisher'? characterized Frank Ward O'Malley, the ''Sun's'' great reporter.

he was excellent, his nation-wide reputation came from his ability to treat grave and gay subjects with perfect balance. His pathos was never bathos; his humor was flavored with the right proportions of exag- geration and surprize. The Sun, on which he served for thirteen years, records with sorrow the passing of a blithe and brave spirit."

Mae. O'MALLEY'S self-written obituary, produced a number of years before his death in Tours, France, contained other biographical data than the opening sen- tence above. But it was all set down in the same spirit of burlesque. It has been pub- lished in numerous papers recently, and we quote The Times's version:

"Got as far as the first year in Wilkes- Barre High School. Flopped.

'Entered old Art Students' League in Washington, but loafed that year in Senate Gallery. Flopped.

"Three years at Notre Dame University, mostly managing football team. Flopped.

"Four years an art student in Philadel- phia, devoting most of the time to studies of esthetic anatomy at Trocadero Burlesque Theater.

"Commercial illustrator in New York

Pack 22

NOVEMBER #34

© 1932, P. M. P. Corp.

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REECE VLEARARY §D GEST

for four years, drawing full-length portraits of vacuum cleaners and canned soup.

'Reporter, New York M orning Sun, for fourteen years, thirteen of which were spent in Jack's Restaurant.

"Had two plays, 'The Head of the House' and 'A Certain Party,' produced on Broadway. Both were terrible flops.

"Wrote two books, the 'War Whirl in Washington' and 'The Swiss Family O'Malley,' the entire first editions of which are still on sale.

"Father of two children, who fortunately take after their mother.

"Left The Morning Sun in 1919 to do magazine writing, whereupon the paper promptly blew up.

"Kindly, strikingly handsome, but, all things considered, an all-around flop."

Donna his Sun days, O'Malley was a never-failing blessing to his paper. On dull Mondays, the New York JHerald Tribune recalls, the man at the desk would say in desperation: ''Frank, go out and dig us up a piece."" And so:

Mr. O'Malley, familiar with every stone in the tortuous expanse of Broadway, would go forth and return to brighten the lives of Sun readers with a column or more of jocu- lar trivialities.

He was a fixture in such departed temples of mirth as Shanley's, Jack's, Joel's, and the Knickerbocker bar, which he dubbed the Forty-second Street Country Club.

He consorted with Irvin 8S. Cobb, Wilson Mizner, H. L. Mencken, Will Irwin, James G. Huneker, and Richard Harding Davis, introducing the latter, one New Year's Eve, to Bessie MeCoy, the '" Yama Yama girl,"' who later became Mrs. Davis.

He coined, according to legend, the phrase ''Life is one damned thing after another.'' Policemen and politicians knew him. His stories, tho they were seldom headed by a by-line, achieved instant recog- nition on the morning of their publication, for The Sun, in those days, came out with the sun.

During the last ten years Mr. O'Malley continued to attract his share of attention, principally through his nicely worded in- dictments of Prohibition.

[Our readers will recall the controversy provoked about three years ago, and re- ported in Tue Drexsst, by his acid com- ments on this subject.]

He discovered Europe late in life, and fell in love with it.

"T have come to France where there is no hypocrisy," he said once, returning to alien shores after a brief stay in the United States.

"'T expect to spend the winter on the Riviera, watching the millionaires match millions in building casinos. Perhaps, meanwhile, the United States will regain its freedom. Perhaps every one will learn to mind his own business, and not bother about what his neighbor drinks."

Mr. O'MALLEY was famous for his story (now included in many text-books on journalism) of the murder by a thug of Policeman Gene Sheehan. It appeared in The Sun on October 23, 1907. At the time of O'Malley's death the paper reprinted parts of it, and we here reproduce the con- cluding paragraphs. The mother of the murdered officer is speaking:

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children, if I want to. I promised you, didn't I, that I wouldn't ery any more or carry on? Well, it was five o'clock this morning when a boy rang the bell here at the house, and I looked out the window and said:

'"*Ts Gene dead?'

''*No, ma'am,' answered the lad; 'but they told me to tell you he was hurt in a fire and is in the hospital.'

"Jerry, my other boy, had opened the door for the lad, and was talking to him while I drest a bit. And then I walked down-stairs and saw Jerry standing silent under the gaslight; and I said again, 'Jerry, is Gene dead?' And he said 'Yes,' and he went out.

'' After a while I went down to the Oak Street station myself, because I couldn't wait for Jerry to come back. The police- men all stopt talking when I came in, and then one of them told me it was against the rules to show me Gene at that time; but I knew the policeman only thought I'd break down.

'"T promised him I wouldn't carry on, and he took me into a room and let me see Gene. It was Gene."'

Awovanr O'Malley stand-by, we read as we return to The Herald Tribune, was the Larry Mulligan Ball, for which the reporter always kept at hand the following standard lead:

'All roads led to the Terrace Gardens last night, where the Larry Mulligan Asso- ciation held its annual high carnival. Champagne flowed like water. Amid gar- lands of flowers and the sweet strains of the light fantastic, leading Tammany states- men, the city's more prominent wine agents and song-pluggers, and the élite of the Bowery danced the hours away with their lovely ladies.

"The injured:

"BURKE, Eddie--Third and fourth chins scarified by high-set diamond ring.

"HASTMAN, Monk--Compound frac- ture of brass knuckles. Removed to Police Headquarters, where Mr. Eastman was identified as unknown.

"DONOVAN, Trailing Arbutus Biggie-- Other eye also closed. Removed to Consi- dine's, to Churchill's, to Jack's, to etc., ete., ete."

Sots of O'Malley's first and best humor was woven about a mythical craft, the good ship Wobble, which The Times ex- plains thus:

There came a cablegram into New York newspaper offices, one day, announcing that a ship was being towed into Bermuda in distress.

The last word of the cable was '"'Wobble,"' and a certain paper printed a long descrip- tion of the ship. It developed that '"'Wob- ble" was a code word meaning '"'cable instructions."

That was too much for Mr. O'Malley, so he sat down and wrote many, many stories about this ship, which had only one paddle-wheel, and was therefore difficult to navigate, and which was commanded by Capt. Heinie Hassenpfeffer. It carried car- goes of subways and artesian wells, and sometimes got lost in Michigan or the Hippodrome.

Its chief officer was not quite sane be- cause as a second-story man he had sought new fields in Africa and found the houses were only one story high. The Wobble lasted for years.

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NOV ENVEBER 54~ 19°32

On the Slave Block in 'Golden Samarkand"

HUNDRED yelling Turkoman raid-

ers, bent on the capture of human merchandise for Central Asian slave mar- kets, attacked in the darkness.

The inhabitants of the village on the Russo-Afghan frontier, on the road to "Golden Samarkand,' defended them- selves bravely but briefly. The rifles of attackers and attacked "spat viciously." Flashes of flame spurted in the darkness. Men fell in the streets and rolled ''like sacks of corn down the slopes of the hills. The shrieks of women mingled with the savage laughter of the man-lifters."'

The battle was soon over and the slavers were on their way with their human loot.

They had secured, altho they did not know it, one item of booty they had not counted on--Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah, upper-class Afghan. The Sirdar is the author of a number of books on Asia, and is now a member of the Afghan legation in London. He tells the ''almost inered- ible"' story of his capture, sale as a slave, and escape from bondage, in the current Good Housekeeping. It is a tale as thrilling as Eliza's famous crossing of the ice.

The Sirdar had wandered into this wild and "'insalubrious"' territory in his ''usual charmingly casual manner," for the same reason that people swim the English Chan- nel and fly the Atlantic. He wanted ad- venture. This time he found plenty.

He was wounded in the fight at the vil- lage where he had been stopping, and in whose defense he had joined. Rendered unconscious, he did not come to his senses until the next morning.

an

Tue he found himself at the oasis of Kizil Kum, miles away from where he had been the previous night, Near a stack of wood ''three women and an aged man were being questioned about the escape of their relatives. Behind the rocky platform eight young men were being untied so that they could have a bowl of soup." The Sirdar's '"'had been upset during the period of his unconsciousness." The sun was already hot, he tells us as he continues his tale:

My garments stuck to my body, and here and there were reddened in color. I scarcely knew whether I stood on my head or my feet. The desert-brewed ale which they wanted to pour into my mouth I spat at them--and earned a kick for it. So exhausted was I that even the position of my wounds was unknown to me.

Then four hefty men got hold of me and resorted to the original method of forcible feeding. For three days I was subjected to the process of ''taming,"' that is, being fed forcibly and then tied up again.

On the fourth day, when some strength had been gathered and my wounds had been drest, I swore in the choicest terms of the desert; then the mulberry switch was lib- erally applied upon my back, so that I might know that slaves can not indulge in

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bad language--toward their captors, at any rate. ;

As escape was impossible, I resigned myself cheerfully to fate and marched on foot every inch of the long road to "Golden Samarkand," to be sold in the market- place there. There was one advantage in the situation: they fed me well and gave me double water rations, and, if you have been through the back desert of Kazil Kum, you will know what a blessing water is. They treated me in this manner, for they thought I would fetch a good price in the slave market.

Fourteen days' journey brought us to the outskirts of the town of Samarkand. Altho I did not dread being sold to an un- known master, from whose clutches I could get out, to escape thereafter to Afghanistan or Persia presented difficulties to my mind, as, in either case, it would be necessary to pass the slave traders' country.

It was a hot afternoon when, in the suburbs of Samarkand, our captors swelled the throng with three male and two female slaves. In the city itself the slaves were not sold publicly, so that in order to carry on this trade it was necessary to get up a fair, which was ostensibly an ordinary village fair for the public, but was, in re- ality, the largest slave market in Turkestan. One by one the slaves were put up for auc- tion. The women fetched the record price of £30 each, while a robust youth, a fellow captive of mine, was sold for only half as much.

Tas fun of the fair was in full swing. Engrossed in the color and movement of the spectacle, the Sirdar, while his com- panions were being sold, almost forgot that he, too, was a human chattel, bound for the auction block. He was roused from his revery by a rude tug at his sleeve, and a voice that commanded:

'Mount the steps. It is thy turn to be sold."

Meekly I ascended the three steps of the tumble-down public water cistern. Hun- dreds were passing and repassing before me, but not a soul took pity or considered it worth his while to make a bid. To Euro- pean minds such a sale of unfortunate human beings is incredible, but these are actual facts.

For hours together no one would even make a bid for me; an old Turkoman lady would not even exchange her nag for me. At long last, some one threw his handker- chief over the hand of my captor, under which their hands met, and thus the deal was secretly fixt for £4, and a horse, and I became the slave of an old merchant, who promptly asked me to follow him to draw water from the adjoining well for his womenfolk.

When the fiereeness of the heat had abated a little with dusk, and the old merchant and his ladies had eaten well and rested, a baby was given to me to carry, but when the infant did not like the look of me and tore savagely at my cheeks, its mother took it back, and the old merchant gave me his prize fighting-cock to carry while I accompanied him through the fair.

Siar: night the Sirdar slept on hay in a tiny cell. But it was neither his cramped quarters nor other discomforts that kept him awake, he tells us as he continues in Good Housekeeping:

As I wanted to escape, I was afraid to sleep and began to devise schemes. By

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the time it was daybreak I had worked out the details. I should go, I thought, by the direct desert route toward the Caspian Sea; not the day after to-morrow, nor to- morrow, but that day I should escape.

Harly in the forenoon my master ordered me to set about sweeping the courtyard, where in the afternoon a cock-fighting contest was to take place. I could hear another slave going round the bazaar, shouting:

"To the cock-fight! To the cock-fight go all the brave and the young, my sweet ones!"

Soon the shopkeepers put up their shut- ters, and the place was crowded. A circle of about eighteen feet in diameter was drawn in the center of the courtyard, and a peg was driven in the middle of it.

Old and young brought their birds to the contest. A cock was thrown in the arena, and a ery arose from the spectators. The rival parties shouted, urging on their re- spective birds.

Occasionally the sympathizers of various parties engaged in a free fight. Each round of the contest never lasted longer than six minutes. Betting was heavy on these fights, altho it was done in a curious man- ner. A man would sell an old whip or a saddle or a walking-stick to another man, a bookie, for, say, twenty or forty times the value of the article, and whisper the name of his fancied cock. The surplus of the actual cost of the article was ''on the bird''--so that it often happened that the winner received a camel in return for the old whip which he had staked.

The game was proceeding fast and furi- ously when I bolted and never looked back. An old nag in the back premises helped me, and by sundown I was many miles from Samarkand.

As the entire winnings of my master happened to be with me, I bought a fairly decent camel, when the desert was reached, to carry me on my journey westward to the shores of the Caspian Sea.

A Baffled Treasure Hunter

Recently we wanted a complete copy of the Constitution of the United States, and for purposes of accuracy, we applied to Headquarters. We sent our request with 25 cents to the State Department at Wash- ington. After a lapse of more than a week, we got the following letter, elaborately typed and signed:

"The receipt is acknowledged of the letter of August 26, 1932, from your office enclosing 25 cents in stamps and requesting a copy of the Constitution of the United States. As the Department of State does not have any copies of the Constitution available for distribution your letter and the stamps which were enclosed therewith are being referred to appropriate action to the Superintendent of Documents, Govern- ment Printing Office, this city, who is the authorized distributor of government publi- cations."

Another five days passed. Then an envelop came from the Government Print- ing Office, returning our 25 cents and stating that ''the publications not sent on your order are exhausted."' We take this to mean that the supply of printed copies of the Constitution is exhausted. We hope it doesn't mean that the Constitution itself is exhausted by the strain put upon it in recent years. In any case, we ourselves are exhausted by our effort to get from our Government the document from which that Government derives its powers. So if you eatch us doing or saying anything uncon- stitutional, don't send us to jail for it. We wouldn't know. --Judge.

aie)

A Clever Wife Turned Him to

Pipe Smoking

George Newton Finds it a Wise Move. First Time He Ever Really Smoked a Pipe

Calls it New Friend

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a Couple of His Friends

One of the most gracious letters written about Edgeworth comes from George A. Newton of Elmira, New York. Read what he says:

401 Homewood Ave. Elmira, N. Y. Feb. 18, 1932 Larus & Bro. Co. Richmond, Va. Gentlemen:

Among a number of other helpful and good things which my wife finds in her magazine, "Good Housekeeping,' she found and took ad- vantage of your generous offer for me to try your tobacco. It is the first time I have ever really smoked a pipe. I have used your tobacco before, in cheap pipes, but did not realize, till I read what you say in the accompanying circular, that it was the varnish and filler in the pipe and not the tobacco that made my mouth sore and upset my stomach,

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Iam now a booster for Edgeworth and would like to convince a couple of friends of the worth of my new friend. Thanking you for many contented hours to come,

I am sincerely, Geo. A. Newton

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44 THE :LLTERARYODNGEST NOVIEMBER=) 54 932

Are You Roosevelt Bags 41 States Out HINTS!

of 48 , ' : . (Continued from Page 9) For his Christmas C bh S h Unusual interest is being shown this year a 1p; or a Z ip in the group of small but zealous political parties whose Presidential candidates have

°C 3 no idea of reaching the White House. upon life S ocean? They are all, according to Allen Ray- mond in the New York Herald Tribune,

er OF your soUl, whither bound? | 'looking forward to November 8 to set Are your passengers comfortable, or likely new records in vote-getting." Thus:

to be? Have you charted a course; SO ia a ee ee the Lae Sane The Socialists, the Communists, the of $10, $20, $30, $40, etc., per month--ec &. a Bye fe OA ers . compounded--would enable thousands of men to Farmer-Laborites, the Socialist ze or make clearer answers to such questions. And | party, and the reborn Prohibitionist party, possibly save them much well-intentioned, but which sees accomplished Prohibition van-

ees ; ishing, are all in full swing of arduous cam- Independence Fund--a systematic, trusteed

Bill Clips--

' : : ae aligning. lan for saving, investing, and accumulating palg : F the smart way ioush com pound earnings --has this news for If the first returns for the minor parties, to catty mon. you; it no longer takes wealth to invest intelli- published last week by THE LITERARY PUZZLED over what to give ane once

gently and soundly in an adequate number of Digest, are any criterion, all these minor | HIM? Then use ¢his as a Le= st 91695 first-grade corporations. parties of protest will increase their votes | minder! Here are two gifts

i ly outiined : ae ; r E

Bones ETE ee San "objectives, | enormously over the 1928 figures, and that phe me de pes with Steady purpose clearly outlined method, 34 of | is what they set out to accomplish. men from 16 to 60. ey te ; the latest thing in Krementz

America's topnotch common stocks, preeminent There is some reason to believe the C trusteeship and many other safeguards dis- Socialist party, led by a nationally known Jewelry for Men. At fashion- tinguish Independence Fund. J nse : ' able dealers everywhere. and widely admired candidate, will poll | Booklet with Correct Dress

The Power of Money at Work 2,000,000 votes or more. It hopes for | Chart on request.

9 [<j Financial history proves, and authorities agree, 2,500,000. t KREMENTZ & CO., that sound industrial common stocks have dis- On the basis of early straw-vote returns, Newark, N. J.

played a continuous upward long-term trend the Communists may poll 200,000, as as far back as it has been possible to measure against 48,770 in 1928.

investment experience. Thus it is felt that a 5 nr thoroughly diversified group of investment com- It looks as if Verne L. Reynolds, Social

mon stocks offer an excellent medium for the | Laborite, who received only 21,603 votes establishment and growth of a definite finan- in 1928, will boost that figure slightly, to cial program. perhaps 25,000, and ''Gen.'' Jacob S.

The particular stocks behind Independence \ 7 c : i Fund Trust Certificates have been carefully Coxey, Farmer-Laborite, may run up the Krementz Self-Adjust-

selected as representing outstanding corpora- 1928 figure of the Farmer-Labor party, | able Watch Band, safe, tions, which as a group, will unquestionably which was 6,390, to 50,000 or perhaps 60,000 | srt, aia | Fits share in the future growth of American indus- in 1932. every wrist. rom $3.

try. The systematic purchase of the shares of : .

these great corporations over the next ten years Fe Just what parties will be hurt by the

should give the investor an extremely high de- protest'? vote is a matter of dispute. K R EF M E N af 7: gree of safety and an excellent opportunity for It is the contention of some of the Demo- i

growth of capital. : ' cratic leaders that theirs is the great party T GIFT / : _ While your Independence Fund program gives | of protest in this election. The Socialists, CEWelr you the investment advantages of large capital, how hast t Ape =p :

your payments are invested promptly upon re- Peer who Nave urne cir guns on ceipt at the then current prices. The trustee | Governor Roosevelt quite as freely as (an old and conservative trust company) repre- | they have on President Hoover, believe sents you, sets up an individual account in your they will cut more heavily into the normal name, invests your money (and reinvests the : 'i 5 earnings on it) in certificates representing common Democratic vote than they will into the

stocks of 34 first grade corporations. Thus, your | Republican.

EMILY

money is increased by having its earnings com- The 2,500,000 votes which the Socialist : POST - pounded, and it is protected like large amounts of art expects to roll. u for Norman : ay capital, by sound geographic and industrial diversi- | POTY Wy De Hi ' fication. Thomas will have been obtained, if they THE Anyone desiring to chart a definite course of materialize, not only by reason of the de- oe a savings and investment should be interested in } pression and rising criticism of both major Independence Fund. No other savings-investment parties, but by one of the most grueling ON plan offers you all that this one does. en ai ni' ters mover mena eer If you wish it you can protect your fund with poe y : MANNERS é

life insurance--at a low rate. Write for the free Presidential candidate. booklet, '35 Questions--36 Answers." It will

g . presents a series of fascinating radio talks on show you how to start, with convenient monthly

Mae. THOMAS has been on the road in a

payments, and steer straight to your objectives. : va No obligation. Just send the coupon. Indepen- | second-hand automobile almost constantly THE ART OF Livine gence Ae tue mee Inc., One Cedar since July, we are told. Further: Please refer to your local newspapers for stations.

ee you. These programs may be heard every ; aturday evening f He has traveled, with Mrs. Thomas as

A YOUR F N C E secretary and chauffeur, from Maine to On the Coast-to-Coast

California and through most of the States : ; : in the Union. 'Publicity agents eat too General Electric Circle Program

p F N much," was Mrs. Thomas's explanation of Over 28 Radio Stations | N D E FU why they carried no other retinue. The

candidate's tour has been self-supporting HUErY 'SOVULEGD) CSO Have Sa ra and has paid a profit to the National Social- | WEAF vere eae WTAM ist party and to local Socialist organizati ile abla pee we which have staged rallies with the Presi- Independence Fund of North America, Inc., dential candidate as the star attraction EUGrY POUT GAN 7:02 NO GEGNE a Ady Baga Cedar St., fork, N. Y. . «os : One Cedar St., New York, N. ¥ At some of the rallies admission has been | GY hd nit ls

: 'dae: : WMA WIBA KOA Please send me, without obligation, free copy of | charged. At all others collections have vows WEBC KDYL nen

"35 Questions--36 Answers." been taken, with 40 per cent. of the returns | WDAF WDAY KGO KHQ going to the national party treasury in

Wage i de ote, | ee ' Seat <a : - ; Mrs. Post's two most noted books, 'Etiquette:

. ' | Chicago and the other 60 per cent. going poe eS ee of peel Usage," and "The Per- . Se Ee 7 sonality of a House: The Blue Book of Home Desi

SIMACULESS ane cactes Soc Se hss. sees caec chen to the local organization. and Decoration," are available at all bookstores---

Returning to New York City, he swung | $4.00 each--or $4.18 a copy, post-paid, from Funk

Chih ee e otte \ 1sp22 | West through the "farm strike" area, and | 904 Wasnalls Company, Publishers, 354-360 Fourth

Ave., New York City.

ee ee Ee es.

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ee ee ee ee es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee then trailed Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt

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THE: APTeERRVAcRey DaltG beset:

from Portland, Oregon, and Spokane, Wash- ington, down the Pacifie coast to Los Angeles. In Los Angeles 10,000 persons heard him.

The final rally of the national party here will be at Madison Square Garden, Novem- ber 3.

Now for the Communists. Not in the thirteen years since the American Com- munist party was formed, Mr. Raymond assures us, has it conducted so extensive a campaign or had such high hopes of making a real impression on the national mind as in this election. We learn that C. A. Hathaway, national chairman of the cam- paign committee, laughed at the 13,469 Communist votes counted in an earlier report of the Lirerary Dicsst poll, which would indicate his party might get 190,000 or 200,000 votes on Election Day." Said Chairman Hathaway: :

"We hope to get 500,000, but that wouldn't be our real support in the coun- try. So many people have been forced to move to new districts because of the de- pression that thousands who might other- wise vote for us are disfranchised. There is disfranchisement of the Negro in the South, but we are going to surprize people with our vote in Negro districts."

i

Mae. RAYMOND relates that the party's Presidential candidate, William Z. Foster, made seventy addresses, from Maine to Los Angeles, prior to the heart attack which interrupted his campaign several weeks ago. He adds:

Communist leaders here hope he will be able to speak in the final rally of the party at Madison Square Garden on November 6. James W. Ford, the Alabama Negro graduate of Fisk University and grandson of a lynching victim, who is running for Vice-President, has also gone from coast to coast by train, speaking at about ninety meetings.

Unlike the other parties of protest, the Communist party has had difficulties with the police at several rallies. The police broke up both Mr. Foster's and Mr. Ford's meetings in Los Angeles. Foster also was arrested in Lawrence, Massachusetts. The national organizer, Mr. Hathaway, has just returned from a tour through the South. He says the police stopt his meet- ings in New Orleans and Tampa, Florida, and he was held two hours for questioning in New Orleans, prior to release.

This year's Communist campaign the party considers historic for the ''landslide of intellectuals' into the Communist faith, or at least as far as Communist support. "The League of Professional Groups for Foster and Ford" has been formed with Sherwood Anderson, Malcolm Cowley, John Dos Passos, Edmund Wilson, Lin- coln Steffens, Theodore Dreiser, Waldo Frank, and others enrolled. The group has sent pamphlets entitled ''Culture and the Crisis" broadeast to writers, artists, teachers, physicians, engineers, and other professional workers.

T ornna to the Socialist-Labor party, Mr. Raymond tells us that its Presidential candidate, Verne L. Reynolds, who polled 21,603 votes for the Presidency in 1928, has made a coast-to-coast tour by auto-

mobile, with one assistant. Further:

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According to his campaign manager, A. J. Taylor, he should exceed his last eam- paign vote considerably. He has been speaking four or five times a week since early in June and has covered most of the Northern and Western States.

The party's closing rally is to be at Town Hall, November 5, at 8 P. M., with both Presidential and Vice-Presidential candidates as speakers.

- The most recent figures of votes east for

Mr. Reynolds in the Lirsrary Diaust poll would indicate that he will have a slightly increased vote over his 1928 record, but not so great an increase as that which seems impending for the Socialist and Communist parties.

Tus flight from Prohibition on the part of the two major parties, Mr. Raymond reminds us, has caused a revival of the National Prohibition party, with former Representative William D. Upshaw of Georgia as candidate for President and Frank S. Regan, of Rockford, Illinois, a former Prohibition member of the Illinois Legislature, candidate for Vice-President. Reading on:

Their representative in New York State is D. Leigh Colvin, of New York City, who is also the candidate of the Law Preserva- tion party for United States Senator.

The Prohibition party nominated its eandidates too late to get upon the ballot in some of the States, but Mr. Colvin says it was on the ballot in States of the West and South, holding two-thirds of the voting population of the country.

"We don't call the votes we want 'pro- test votes,''' he said recently. ''We're asking for conscience votes."

The Jobless party, led by Father James R. Cox, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has thrown up the sponge for lack of funds since the campaign started. It had a brief, stormy life, but held one national conven- tion, named two candidates, and was spon- sor of its candidate's tour through the Southwest. Originally, Father Cox heped to merge this party with the Liberty party, run by W. H. (''Coin'') Harvey, of Arkan- sas, and the two parties came together at Creve Coeur Lake to work out a ticket and platform.

Warner Mr. Harvey nor Father Cox would take the Vice-Presidential place on the ticket, which each offered the other, we are reminded, with this picturesque detail:

The two conventions were held on op- posite sides of the lake, with the Jobless party finding Dr. Victor Tisdal for the Vice-Presidential post. Father Cox started to stump the country by automobile, rais- ing funds as he went along, but his party of jobless was stranded in New Mexico late in September. Recently he advised his followers to vote for Governor Roosevelt.

''Coin'"' Harvey and his Liberty party were still marching valiantly on in the great Northwest until recently, and throngs were turning out wherever the aged advocate of ''free silver'? appeared. Then Mr. Har- vey merged his party with the National party of Indianapolis, and quit the race.

""Gen."' Jacob 8S. Coxey, the Mayor of Massillon, Ohio, is again a Presidential candidate on the Farmer-Labor ticket, as genial as ever, but his Mayoralty duties have prevented any far-flung campaign trips.

Peek eka RY TDIGES T 47

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INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE

The '"'Too-Muchness" of the Depression

"1 T is too much for me." The subject is the current depression.

The speaker is Mr. Montagu Norman, the artistlike gentleman with graying pointed beard and a penchant for incon- spicuous mysterious comings and goings, who has been the head of the Bank of England since 1921.

The oceasion is a bankers' banquet given by the Lord Mayor of London at the Mansion House.

And the confession of inability to do anything about the depression captures the attention of the press of the world. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch hails it as one of the very few absolutely honest remarks about the existing state of things in the world. And, it asks, ''wouldn't it cheer us all up a bit if Mr. Hoover and Governor Roosevelt and Norman Thomas would get together and issue a joint statement to the effect that the thing is too much for them, too; that they don't know the way out, but are hoping and praying like fury they'll find it?"'

After the succinct confession of impo- tence, Mr. Norman said of the depression, as the United Press quotes him:

The confused affairs of the world have brought about a series of events and a general tendency which appear to me at this

time as being outside the control of any man and any government and any country.

I believe that if every country and every government could get together, it would be different, but we do not seem to be able to get together.

Iam willing to do my best when it comes to the future. I hope we may all see the approach of light at the end of the tunnel. Some people already have been able to point out that light to us. I, myself, see it somewhat. indistinctly, but I admit that, for the moment, the way is not clear.

Av least. one of our financial editors flatly contradicts Mr. Norman. As a mat- ter of fact, declares Ralph West Robey of the New York Evening Post, ''the future of our economic system to-day is much more brilliant than it was in 1925-27." He reasons that five years ago the United States--and other nations, too--followed financial policies bound to lead to a crash. "We have found that before 1929 we pushed the pendulum so high that it has been impossible to stop the down-swing at a reasonable point.'' To a considerable extent, we are told, "'the readjustments of the last three years have consisted of wiping out the staggering credit excesses of the earlier period."' Mr. Norman is told that as Governor of the Bank of England he was a factor in the creation of these credit excesses. Wherefore, "'it is easy to under-

stand his feeling of despair.'"" Mr. Robey's

| conclusion is that ''to-day there is far | greater possibility of a prolonged period of ' sound business prosperity than there was

during the heyday of the influence of Montagu Norman."

But Mr. Norman's statement does not mean that he ''has looked over the world's economic structure and pronounced it a hopeless ruin, and this is not what he says," argues the New York Herald Tribune. ''What sounds at first like a confession of defeat and despair," it adds, ''is at a closer reading nothing more than a hard practical worker's impatient rejection of all the superficial diagnoses of a complex world ailment and of all the quack remedies with which armies of shallow tiresome theorists

_ keep jogging his elbow." As The Herald

Tribune puts into words of its own what it considers the real opinion of Mr. Norman:

It is high time, he says wearily, for all the nostrum hunters to get it into their heads that this universal blight had no one cause in any one place, and that it is there- fore foolish and futile to scan the horizon for the appearance of a man with a cure-all prescription.

If the task ahead of us were to organize a highly coordinated world under a single absolute authority, he concedes that it might be reasonable to call upon that authority for a single formula that would solve all problems.

But since the great world ailment is a complication of afflictions, each of which is the subject of controversy among the doctors of a hundred nations, the '"'long view"' can elicit from the honest student nothing but the confession which Mr. Norman himself makes, which is that the problem is too complex for any one man's grasp.

This is not defeatism. It is simply an honest view of a world situation which is obscured in this country by much political quackery.

To this country it should reveal, first of all, that this depression is not America's, or the Republican party's, or Mr. Hoover's private depression.

That Mr. Norman, with his international outlook, sees less of ''the light at the end of the tunnel" than we do, should, how- ever, mean something more tous. It should mean that the United States, with its con- tinental size, resources and moral stamina, has, when it takes what he calls 'the short view," a greater capacity for recovery than most of the world that is under Mr. Norman's immediate ken.

ore the World Economie Conference is to meet before so very long, it oceurs to a writer in the New York Daily Investment News that 'possibly Mr. Norman was addressing his remarks to this event in the form of an admonition."" The aim of the conference, continues this writer, ''is to devise a formula for dealing with the forces which are enslaving the world in economic bondage." But, we are told, it will be hard for the delegates to agree.

Some of the reasons why it will be so difficult are summed up by the New York Journal of Commerce:

Altho great emphasis has been placed

ION EeViHERS 5, 193.2

upon the importance of international co- operation in giving effect to monetary and eredit policies, raising the level of world prices and strengthening the position of silver, it should be evident that little progress can be made along these lines until the tariffs and debts which are basic causes of monetary chaos and national bankruptcy have been modified.

The sooner these questions are seriously studied, the better it will be for all con- cerned.

Itis very doubtful, however, whether the chief participants in the conference now in prospect will be ready to make the conces- sions required to bring constructive relief from the pressure of prohibitive tariffs and erushing debt burdens.

Our Foolish Political Nightmares

aT). you believe in political fairies, governmental hobgoblins, and Fed- eral witches?"'

Sure, we all do, replies the editor of The Business Week, writing for perusal during this week between Hallowe'en and Election Day.

Business men find it mighty hard ''to pay due attention to pressing problems of production policies and sales strategy while studying the political dream-books or electoral racing-charts.'' Indeed--

Some folks seem to think that if pol- ities interferes with business, business should be abandoned and all industrial, commercial, and financial decision, initia- tive, and effort should be suspended till the sovereign people have picked their next President at the polls; and if then they have been fools enough to choose the other fellow's favorite instead of ours we should or can all squat on our hunkers sulking till the moon changes.

Tums doesn't seem sensible at all to the editor, as he recalls that business has had its ups and downs, but has survived all our Presidential elections successfully. Rec- ords indicate (as set forth in the tabulation we printed in these pages last week) that "these periodic political Hallowe'en par- ties'' have had no ''important or consistent relation to our economic oscillations." And this lack of any real connection be- tween business conditions and the election is logical enough, continues the writer in The Business Week:

Whether Willy is elected the great white father or Nilly is chosen to serve his people, men will eat, work, and want things all the same.

Established business concerns will rec- oncile themseives to the sour necessity of a Willy or a Nilly administration; others will rejoice in the prospect of four years of prosperity under the rule of a Nilly or a Willy, as the case may be; but, willy-nilly, they are all bound to go on trying to do business as usual, because there isn't any- thing else to do.

Investors may worry for a while about the gold standard or balanced budgets, but they will sooner or later get tired of leaving their money to lie idle.

Business executives can't eat bricks, steel, and machinery, or even salesmen,

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THE LETERARY 1DIGESH

nor do eapitalists like to dine forever out of safe-deposit boxes. ;

In the present instance, especially, it is evident that under either candidate the current governmental activities for pro- tection and support of financial institu-

tions and railroads, and for unemployment |

relief and promotion of business, recovery must and will be continued. We are too deeply involved to abandon them now.

Whatever the outcome and whether we like it or not, we shall all have to go back to work again, anyway, when this Hallowe'en part is over.

Why not buckle down to business now and beat the other fellow to it?

Automobiles' After-Life Abroad

HE automobile graveyard is getting to be one of the familiar sights in our own fair land.

But abroad the utilization of junked. automobiles has, as the New Orleans Times-Picayune remarks, been developed in greater degree than at home, "'where their rusty and melancholy remains are often left to slow decay along our road- sides.' In other words, it seems that, ''when the American car 'dies' abroad, its usefulness does not end, but merely under- goes transition." ;

These remarks, like many of similar nature from other newspapers, are called forth by certain information on the subject of foreign utilization of junked and dis- membered automobiles given out at Wash- ington by the Department of Commerce. As this information is summarized by a New York World-Telegram correspondent, "wearing apparel, power plants, pillows and mattresses, tools, furniture, tobacco pouches and water buckets are among the by-products of the worn-out American car ''--

From Singapore and other parts of the Orient comes news that the engines are

employed as power units in Chinese sam- | pans; in Canadian forests they are em- |

ployed to operate small sawmills; in almost every country they are used to propel both small fishing and pleasure craft.

After engines, the potential uses of old tires and tubes probably offer the greatest attraction to the economy-minded posses- sor of an antiquated automobile. At al- most every foreign watering-place, old tubes are used as bathing ''floats,'' while the old tires are used as bumpers or fenders on wharves and boats throughout the world.

Naturally, the bodies of decrepit motor- vehicles are used long after their automotive value has disappeared. Roumanian gipsies convert old passenger-car closed bodies into small bungalow apartments. Bus bodies can be transformed into more commodious living quarters, and are greatly in demand. Closed automobile bodies also make inexpensive sheds at bathing-beaches, and are used for this and many other pur- poses throughout the world.

In France and other countries, the stuffing for the pillows and mattresses in some workmen's homes is obtained from the seats of abandoned automobiles, while the same workmen often convert tire valves into 'small wrenches to fit tiny bolts by hammering the valve to a flat shape and cutting an appropriate design in the end.

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THE LEXICOGRAPHER'S EASY CHAIR

(TITLE REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE)

To decide questions concerning the correct use of words for this column, the Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary is consulted as arbiter.

Readers who require immediate attention will re- ceive it if they enclose a stamped return envelop. No notice will be taken of anonymous communications.

Artesian well.--'H. M.,"' Ivy Depot, Va.-- According to the dictionary, an Artesian well is

a well bored down to a point, usually at great depth, where the water-pressure, owing to the conformation of the geological strata, is so great as to force the water out at the surface, or it rises nearer to the surface: now often applied to any very deep bored well, as for petroleum, and even where pumping is necessary, as in an ordinary driven well."'

Auld Reekie.--"F, J. M.,'"' San Diego, Calif.-- This is the nickname referred to, not Auld Leekie. It is a sobriquet of the old town of Edinburgh, so called because it generally appeared as capped by a cloud of '"'reek'' or smoke. In 1818, Scott, in his

Heart of Midlothian,'' wrote: '' My best service to all my friends at and about Auld Reekie!''

benedick, benedict.--''J. I. L.," Auburn, N. Y.--The term benedick or benedict, meaning a newly married man, had its origin in the charac- ter of that name in Shakespeare's ''Much Ado About Nothing.'' Benedick, a bachelor of long standing, falls in love with Beatrice and marries her after a courtship marked with much humor and raillery.

cocoanut, coconut.--'' A. L. J.,'' Chicago, Ill. --The preferred spelling is coconut. It is the fruit of the coco-palm, and has no connection with cocoa, which is the dried and powdered seed- kernels of the cacao or chocolate-tree.

Prior to the 16th century, the nut was known as the Indian nut, or ''nut of India.'"' In the 16th century, Portuguese traders gave it the name coco, which in their language means ''a bugbear for frightening people,'' from the appearance of the nut itself. Coco remained as the _ established spelling until the appearance of Johnson's Dic- tionary in the 18th century when, through some accident, the articles coco and cocoa were run together. That this must have been accidental is indicated by the fact that Dr. Johnson was care- ful himself to distinguish between the two words. This introduced an indiscriminate use of the two words, tho careful writers have always used the correct nomenclature.

Inasmuch as the cocoa-bean (the cacao-seed) was for a long period called the cocoa-nut, it is obvious that shippers were obliged to distinguish between shipments of cocoa-nuts and coconuts.

door-nail, dead as a.--''H. L.,'' Long Island City, N. Y.--The origin of this idiom is entirely conjectural. It was used six hundred years ago. Sometimes deaf or dumb has been substituted for dead. The usage dates back to the times when doors were studded with large-headed nails for protection and strength, but the origin of none of the alliterative phrases can be determined.

espantoon, billy, truncheon.--''H. §. R.," Baltimore, Md.--dAccording to the dictionary, the word espantoon is a localism, used only in Baltimore, for the club known elsewhere as a policeman's billy. The word is an interesting sur- vival from the cavalier founding of Baltimore in the early 18th century. In England, at that period, the civil guard carried a short pike, or demi-pike, usually armed with a hook, for apprehending malefactors. This was called a spontoon, a contraction from the older espontoon. But the original word, slightly modified as to spelling, was carried to the New World.

The term billy, altho first the designation of the club or bludgeon used by highwaymen, came into use about eighty years ago as the name of the short club used by the police. It is now quite general throughout the United States, altho there is some evidence of its replacement by the word club. In England, the truncheon is the general appellation, and the word is in occasional use in the United States. From the fact that the truncheon is sometimes made of locust-wood, it is occasionally called the locust in this country.

finance.--''J. T. McK.,'' Fort Worth, Tex.-- The Funk & Wagnalls New STanparp DicrTion- ARY recognizes no other pronunciation than fi-nans' --i asin habit, a asin fat. A very few authorities --New International, Century, and Murray's New English Dictionary on Historical Principles--recog- nize a secondary pronunciation fai-nans'--ai as in aisle. In either case, the accent is on the second syllable.

gin.--'R. W. M.,'' Los Angeles, Calif.--In the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, the word gin is used in the sense of a snare or trap. The spirituous liquor, known as gin, at the time of its introduction into England shortly after its discovery in 1684, was called genever, a Dutch word meaning juniper, from the fact that the liquor was flavored with juniper berries. The similarity of the name to that of the Swiss city led speedily to the corruption from genever to Geneva, and the Dutch liquor is still sold under this name. But within twenty years from the discovery of the liquor the name was further corrupted and shortened to the word gin, by which it is now most widely known.

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THE

Rash Remark.--''Should a doctor tell?"' inquires a head-line once again. If the trouble happens to be measles, it will soon be spotted anyhow.-- Humorist (London).

New Mainspring, Please.--'' What hap- pens to people who are so foolish as to allow themselves to become run down?" asks a doctor. They wind up in hospital. --Humorist (London).

She Who Is Never Wrong.-- Wire--''I'm afraid the mountain air would disagree with me."

Husspy--''My dear, it wouldn't dare!'""--Humor- ast.

* Slave Driver.--Our idea of the meanest guy in the world is the guy who was deaf and never told his barber. --Jack O' Lantern.

Collects on Delivery. -- The mosquito surely is A forehanded little Turk; First he sends in his bill And then he goes to work. --Boston Transcript.

Squintin' Through.-- The movie manager was furious. ''What's the mat- ter?'' asked his assistant. "Ts anything wrong?"'

''Anything wrong!" he snorted. ''Why, you've advertised for next week: 'Smiling Eyes--with a strong cast!'''-- Tit-Bits.

Easily Pleased. -- FatHer-- ''And you think you will be able to give my daughter all she wants?"

Surror--'' Yes; she says' she only wants me."--Tit-Bits.

Watch Your Step! -- Hecxk--''In En- gland to 'take orders' means to enter the church."

Prcx--"'It's slightly different over here --you enter the church, get married and then take orders.''---Boston Transcript.

All Set for Thrift Week.--An insur- ance man walked into a lunch-room and, taking his place on one of the vacant stools, ordered bread and milk. The fellow sitting on the next stool asked:

"On a diet?"'

"No. Commission.' ter.

'--Christian Regis-

make a ,' remarked

Pre-war Stuff.--'' We better front-page story of this wedding the editor.

"Why?" asked the society reporter in surprize. 'They aren't very prominent people."

"That may be," he replied, ''but this is

the first account of a wedding you have turned in for ages that hasn't had as a last line, 'They will reside with the bride's parents.'"'-- Cincinnati Enquirer.

no

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(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE)

Scrambled Promise.--Sue (tearfully)-- ' "You said if I'd marry you you'd be humbly grateful."

He (sourly)--" Well, what of it?"

SuEe--" You're not; you're grumbly hate- ful."'--Boston Transcript.

Getting Dad's Number.-- Dora had just returned from 'Sunday-school, where she had been for the first time.

"What did my little daughter learn this morning?'' asked her father.

"That I am a child of Satan,'' was the beaming reply.--Christian Leader.

Husband (returning from investigation of sounds down-stairs) :

It's a lady burglar!" --"The Humorist"'

Or One Jitter!--'' Troubles rarely come one at a time,'' complains a correspondent. For instance, who ever heard of anybody suffering from just one mump?--Humorist (London).

Tall Yarn.-- Po.iick Curer-- ''How's that murder story?'

Cor--'' The same old bunk! the murderer in the end!''-- Mercury.

They catch ORC INS OY,

Office Infelicity. -- '' What the matter with that guy?"

"He is complaining to his wife that his stenographer doesn't understand him.'-- Lowsville Courier-Journal.

Friend of the Jobless.--"' Just what good have you done to humanity?" asked the judge before passing sentence on the pick- pocket.

""Well,'"' replied the confirmed criminal, "Tve kept three or four detectives working regularly."'--St. John's Telegram.

Neighbors for the Clan.--A modest Scotchman, in speaking of his family, said:

"The Douglas family is a verra, verra auld Scotch family. The line rins awa' back into antiquity. We dinna ken hoo far back it rins, but it's a lang, lang way back, and the history of the Douglas family is recorded in five volumes. In aboot the middle of the third volume, in a marginal note, we read, 'Aboot this time the warld was created.'''--New Outlook.

LITE

Slips That Pass in the Night

Perfect Resignation.-- Orrrrtrory Hold Thou me up. . . Gaines --Springfield (Mass.) church bulletin.

Jolly Cut-up.--Mr. Neil McLean en- tertained the Gorgas Hospital Monday for a tonsilectomy Deno --Panama Star and Herald.

Just-so Story.--Person who took soft, green lady's hat by mistake Country Club Thursday night phone 6796.--Savannah Morning News.

'Latest Variety. -- Mrs. Edna K. Henley and Mrs. J.A. Marshall received the prizes ata briMegdnyaod ETAOINETAOINETA bridge Monday afternoon. --Portland Evening Ex- press.

Sinning in Style. -- From time immemorial, The Oriental Rug has been the most beautiful for adornment for palaces, churches, mosques and sacrileges. -- Tyler' Texas Courier-Times.

'My dear, Grab His Whiskers.-- After Northwestern had (London). muffed a chance to score

in the first period, Pete Yanuskus, Illinois half-back, snatched one

_ of Pug Rentner's passes and raced fifty-two

years.--Los Angeles Times.

Souse Cure. -- TWO PLACED IN PAIL ON AUTO THEFT CHARGE --Boston Globe.

He Wins the Belt.-- Chippewa Falls Tailor Walks 60,000 Miles to Shop Daily in 47 Years --Chippewa Falls (Wis.) Herald-Telegram.

Ain't Nature Wonderful? -- 250-YEAR-OLD TREE BEARS BIG CROP OR JUICY «BEARS --New Haven Register.

Maybe Thought There Was Yapping Enough. -- MILLS CHARGES ROOSEVELT HAS OFFERED NO CUR --Richmond Times Dispatch.

Vox Populi.--We sincerely appreciate all comments, but we must say that when peo- ple write into our office, that they must sign all letters or articles that they want published for it is impossible for us to print or answer unanimous correspondence. --San Diego Idealist.