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CONTENTS , THE LITERARY DIGEST for OcTOBER 15, 1932

ees Votume 114 Numser 16

Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue

New York | bob + TOPICS OF THE DAY XN Hoover's Fight for the West ..-..-..-.- 7 A Handshake That Thrills the Democrats .. 9 Roosevelt Leads, But It's Anybody's Race Yet . 10 The Crime Hunt in Insull's Shattered Empire . 12 "TFopicscingbrickaeer acne on at cheats eee 14 FOREIGN COMMENT Japan Found Guilty of Aggression in Man- COULD Sear ee an A oe tores seers. ci, 15 Ireland's Governor-General Upset.......- 16 Givil) WathBadedpin Brazily 2: con eens 17 Amsterdam's Anti-War Congress .......- 18 German Students Still Dueling ........ 18 N f b i i ature meant your feet to be The weight of your body is Pe eA OAR y carried not only on the heel and Secret'of Pavlowa >.» «sf ss Help os 19 comfortable. Heeled shoes will not i 'EhenCovetn seen w+, ae ee. Sees fale 20 : ball of your foot, but also on the Cold-Shouldering Foreign Students... . . 20 destroy that comfort if the shoes are Gorkyis;DubioustHonor 2 ee ae 20 : : ifs outer edge of the long arch. Propped Not Floyd Gibbons c. Oe tereCrathech Romeo) ALogo 21 properly designed. If a aed i upport carries the up on heels, unless supported, this Be TGrOtn Co SOGu MICE cally planned supp arch sags beneath your weight. And "Angels of Darkness'' on the Campus at weight of the body. cs Chapel HillQ ma te. eccuees onto as 22 this is the cause of a large percentage Now the "bepreucutCollecesae ete aoe 23 : Our Moral U nesses eta nce 24 Zs = of the prevalent foot pains. Stabs of eeipeiie Bante in crepes ee a a Wright Arch Preserver Shoes have agony that shoot through the legs CURRENT POETRY an anchored spring steel shank which _ and up the back. Se eee hae pe a restores the support heels destroy. ildhood's Gps el OER eee ¥ ! Neighbors.: fis ais. nage cuted ae extents 28 It provides a flat firm treadbase and i 1 1 ---- 'EheseLhings AterStrOn ge. cw-aralse ecient 28 5 " There is no Been to heels q Teiglee sa SE ee Se 28 it gives the most complete foot com- i i 5 he Twain Shall Meet ......... 28 ; ' ae g : ae! ee ee. ae a pa gt Cea ee yee ee 28 fort imaginable. You exercise in ordinary shoe does not sup- F ut the y. Pp Inland gVillageer. 20a. ce es, eee 28 comfort. You relax in comfott. ply the correct support for the arch. SEINE EUAN DEINENIOR, Many shoes claim to give proper A Two-Eyed Camera for Judging Races . . . 30 ft i ; y : : 8 aoe No "Hardening" Against Colds........ 30 In addition to this steel shank the support with some variety of shank, Chenin nN eee 32 5 b some 1 h d d False Tuberculosis 2.0. ee eee 32 Arch Preserver Shoe arch is so ut it is a ways unanchored and so GoldvastMedicine' Arc ..-k eae eee 34 d ll d Hen id 5 h f of no real value. Half Radish; Half Cabbage .....-..... 34 modeiled on the inside that the foot PERSONAL GLIMPSES cannot roll inward--a defect very - The B bless Who Fill the Mark i The only true support, the only sup- CBee Sade. bss paneer aes aa as in the feet of people : : : schesDollarsuinyScentsy «.- +. cosas hana mere 39 who toe out. port which scientifically replaces Soci See a Be ee ve the support nature provided when ae DOES aL EA ea Beye 2 | 5 abe and the anks ake lta ecor ozen . 4 é we walked flat on the ground, is From Gridiron to (Links With Virginia Van These are two of the many patented -- the Arch Preserver steel shank, de- el ieee Oona ee ea 46 health features of Wright Arch scribed in the opposite column. ea: A NDPEIN ANGE Preserver Shoes. Until you wear ; ' 2 gt The Coolidge Railroad Commission .... . 48 This feature is widely imitated, but Huge Buying Power Awaiting Release... . 50 them you cannot know what foot , never duplicated. Like other Arch MISCELLANEOUS comfort really is--nor be sure that = Preserver' features, it-is completely -|) -Toonses* oh cetcs se cl sho Ballon Mal your shoes are guarding the health rotected b atents, The Lexicographer's Easy Chair. ....... 51 . P yp The Suis Ee ee zs of your feet. Send for FREE Wright

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; have true foot comfort. E. T. Wright Wright Archograph and see why. Information for Subscribers 8

Terms: $4.00 a year, in advance; $2.00, six months; & Co., Inc., Rockland, Mass. 10 cents a copy; Canada, $6.60 a year; $3.30, six months; 15 cents a copy; other foreign countries, $5.00 a year.

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OGTEOBER-* ia,

(Our main Presidential poll story, with the latest returns, will be found on pages 10 and 11)

Thousands of Letters Swell the Ballot Mail-Bags

ETTERS from Republicans, letters

from Democrats, letters from Social- ists, Communists, Prohibitionists and other varieties of ''protest voters."

Some are satisfied to ''say it with bal- lots,'' but others feel that they have some- thing to explain.

Their point of view--why it has changed, or why it hasn't changed. They feel an urge to tell Tur Dicxst just how they come to be marking their ballots this way or that way.

Perhaps in explaining it to us they're explaining it to themselves.

These letters come from all over the United States. They represent in them- selves a cross-section of public opinion, whereof every political variety adds its tang to the salad.

Tivkn is an interesting specimen--a Vir- ginia Democrat who proposes to vote for President Hoover. Writing from Wash- ington to the EHditor of Tur Diaxsrt, Charles R. Hughes strikes a note of warm antagonism. Mr. Hughes more than "views with alarm.'' He writes:

I am a registered and tax-paid Virginia voter, formerly, for fifteen years, editor of The Clarke Courier, Democratic, at Berry- ville, Virginia. While we have seen hard times, business depression and bank failures, I do not believe we have felt even a frac- tion of what will be felt if Roosevelt and Garner take office. I have always been a conservative, but shall certainly become so radical that if I have one dollar in any bank it will be withdrawn in the event of a Roosevelt victory, for, based upon what he so far has said, I believe he will try to wreck our present banking laws as well as to destroy business confidence by his at- tacks upon Wall Street, the railroads, the power interests, and everybody else who either has saved a little money or hopes to do so.

While this is a FREE country, it is a conservative country, and I do not con- sider Roosevelt and Garner either safe or conservative. Mr. Garner's support of the bill for a post-office in practically every town in the country, with its attendant log- rolling and the graft which appears in all such matters, is only one of many reasons against Garner.

I was opposed to the bonus in the first place, but it became law, and the Govern- ment is now bound to pay it in 1945. I am opposed to any further payment until that time, because it will mean more taxes and more depression.

Democrats have been mainly responsible for bonus laws and extension of benefits to former soldiers who were neither wounded nor injured in war service.

Roosevelt and Garner will mean, I be- lieve, that the bars will be thrown down, and the scandals of our past pension history will be insignificant in comparison with what they will foist upon the country.

I sold The Courier at Berryville in 1916, and volunteered for the Army in 1917, and have had no connection with the publica- tion since.

I hope you will be interested in my views, even if your readers are not.

But another bulging mail-bag on the same day yielded a letter in complete con- trast to the foregoing. This one is from a Minnesota Republican, S. D. Wilmers, who sings the praises of Roosevelt. He writes from Benson, Minnesota, to assure Tue Digest that the farmer will not sup- port Hoover, and that ''most of the small- town business men will not, either, figuring

county-seat towns." In fact, he confesses:

I really believe that in Minnesota, al- ways a Republican State, Hoover may possibly get the lowest vote any candidate ever got in either party.

I am a Republican, but I will not vote for Hoover this time. IJ am in the land business. I get into southeastern South Dakota, northeastern part of Nebraska, northwestern Iowa, and all of south- western Minnesota; it's the same every- where I go. Traveling salesmen I would guess are 90 per cent. for Roosevelt.

The Roosevelt strength is on the up- grade, if anything. The Farmer National Holiday Movement is spreading like wild- fire, and while they are not in polities, yet

it is just the natural outcome to help the

Roosevelt side.

This is mostly a dry territory; wet and dry doesn't enter this, as it is turning out.

High tariffs, high money (gold stand- ard), and high freight rates. The banking system absolutely doesn't function.

The low prices for farm products, the lowest they have ever been known to be, are laid to the Administration and polities. Farmers who are not in debt, who owe nothing on their lands, find themselves for the first time unable to get enough out of their crops to pay the taxes.

Nor much search is needed to turn up a Norman Thomas letter, for his adherents are vigorous correspondents, and most of them seem to have typewriters. Frank J. Manning, of Camden, New Jersey, thinks it's about time we ''took Thomas out of that little obscure box entitled 'Minor Candidates' and put him on the same page with Roosevelt and Hoover."

Mr. Manning closes on a note of sublime indifference as to whether Hoover or Roose- velt wins, adding, ''There ain't two bits difference in 'em."'

A more sedate champion of the Socialist candidate is Charles P. Jervey, of Hart- ford, Connecticut, who writes:

Your election-poll figures are very inter- esting, and while no doubt you have al- ready noted the feature which I am men- tioning, I would simply wish to call your attention to the enormous increase in votes polled by Norman Thomas, the Socialist candidate.

Taking the 1928 election figures, and following out proportions as indicated in your first week's announcement, out September 24, I find that Mr. Thomas will secure, on that basis, slightly more than 2,300,000 votes, this November, as against a few more than 267,000 in 1928. In other words, your poll, thus far, sub- stantiates fully the most sanguine hopes of the Socialists, and it will be very interest- ing to follow this trend.

I wish that we might see the figures showing the number of those Who are

CxCrie@ Beka. 5s, tl 9'3°2

voting Socialist this year, divided into the various brackets of ''last-election'' votes, somewhat as you show the Republican and Democratic votes. It would be highly sig- nificant to ascertain whether this enormous Socialist inerease is coming from the Republicans or Democrats.

Many of us are also enjoying Mr. Edwin C. Hill's announcements of your poll, but we would appreciate some occasional! an- nouncements of the Socialist votes.

"Mae. JERVEY, who penned that loyal plea, _ will be pleased to discover that a portrait of his candidate decorates our cover to-day --following Hoover and Roosevelt covers in the two preceding weeks--and that Norman Thomas's ballot-winning achieve- ments this year are duly recognized in our main poll story. He will also find that the drifts of the Thomas vote from certain other political parties are clearly indicated. Many of our poll correspondents express impatient disappointment at both the major political parties. A large proportion of these, perhaps a majority, announce their intention of voting for Thomas, but some few declare themselves so disgusted that they will not vote at all. Here is one:

**Portland, Ore. **Kditor, THe Lirbrary Dicsst, ""New York. "My Dear Sir:

"Responding to your request that I mark my choice for President on the secret ballot-card you were so kind as to send me, wish to say that the card makes no pro- vision for expressing my attitude toward the Presidential election--an attitude which is not unlike that of millions of other men in my station in life, that of a working- man.

"My first vote was cast for Wiluam Mc- Kinley and the full dinner-pail, and as I carried a flaming torch in a midnight parade, I felt that I helped to save this nation from ruin.

"Then Teddy Roosevelt, the trust buster and wielder of the big stick, got my vote.

"'T lined up with the gentleman who kept us out of war and who fought to make the world safe for hypocrisy, or something; whatever it was, I haven't determined yet.

"Then I kept cool with Coolidge while the nation was being plundered.

"Winally I followed the gentlemen who had the 'bologny.'

''And now, really, I'm sick and tired of the whole mess. It has taught me that it makes but little difference what the name of the candidate or his party may be, the results are the same. The wealthy ele- ment who dominate the government will see that he does their bidding. No one actually represents me, that's positive.

"Then why should I vote for a Presi- dent? "Yours truly,

"Wn. H. Ost."

Another disillusioned citizen and Dicrst subscriber, E. W. Monrose, writes from Tampa with this suggestion:

"The next time you get out a ballot, don't be so stingy in asking for informa- tion. Why not have four nice little ques- tions like these?

'"'Ig business good in your community?

"Are you working?

"Ts there much money in circulation in your neighborhood?

"How many people are out of work that you know of in your neighborhood?"

Tiree ae ARY 4Di GEST 5

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The Literary Digest

NEW YORK, OCTOBER 15, 1932

TOPICS OF THE DAY Hoover's Fight for the West

HE CRIES OF WELCOME, Iowa voices chorusing,

"Iowa, Iowa, that's where the tall corn grows," as

President Hoover stept before the audience in the Des Moines Coliseum--radio listeners in thousands of homes heard this from linked stations in a hundred cities.

The President, ''standing in the glare of the movie lights with a faint smile of pleasure illuminating his haggard face, was an appealing figure,'' to the ten thousand people who saw him, as Henry Suydam of the Brooklyn Lagle is witness.

But, after all, this dramatic appearance of Herbert Hoover in the State of his birth was really significant as the beginning of his campaign to win back the West--the section where the depression is simply the climax of years of hard times for the farmers. And Iowa, in the Chicago Tribune's words, is considered ''the heart of the Republican disaffection and dissent." The Lirnrary Dr1- GEST poll reports a three-to- two lead for Roosevelt in Towa, and the pro-Hoover Des Moines Register's straw vote gives Roosevelt*a five-to- three advantage.

Here is a State that owes $1,500,000,000 of the $9,500,- 000,000 farm-mortgage debt of the United States. It is the State that staged the spectacu- lar ''farm strike" of the sum- mer. And on the very day of the President's appearance in Des Moines, only six hours be- fore he rode through the streets, the lowa farmers staged a parade of their own, with some two thousand partici- pants, and perhaps a hundred motor-vehicles of various kinds. It was done, in the words of organizer Milo Reno, to "'let the world know that there's folks in loway who's sorer'n hell on Hoover."

Acme telephotograph

Tass the Des Moines speech was ''the opening gun of a home- stretch drive to reclaim the revolting West,'' in the words of one correspondent. Naturally, the President's own declaration that the Administration policies are bringing the country out of the depression, and that the Democrats have been only obstruc- tive, brings sharp retorts from the other side. For instance, Speaker John N. Garner, who, tho not mentioned by name, was obviously picked out by the President as responsible for legis- lation that had to be vetoed, comes right back at the President with the declaration that the measures vetoed were the very ones that would have given real help to the farmers.

lowa Welcomes a Native Son

And President Hoover smiles happily as he grasps the hand of Governor Turner.

'hate against him."

In a speech at the New York Democratic State Convention, Senator Wagner of New York attacked the President's handling of the crisis as ''wrong, late and futile.'"" The Hearst New York American also strongly supports this view, calling the Garner bill opposed by the President ''frank," ''rational"' and '"'patri- otic." And in the Middle West, the Omaha World-Herald (Ind.) declares that, ''as a leader with vision and initiative to guide us through the murk of a troubled day and an uncertain to-morrow, he fails to inspire; he deepens the suspicion that four more years of Hoover would be just four more years of Hoover."

There is also a decided difference of opinion in the press and among the experts over the effectiveness of the Presi- | dent's appeal as far as votes are concerned. Viewed from the standpoint of winning the | Middle Western area of farm discontent, Henry Suydam of the Brooklyn Eagle feels that the speech ''created no more | than a moderate impression."

But at any rate, says David Lawrence, President Hoover's personal fight is giving us a real campaign after all--he is recovering some Republican votes that he had lost--

"Maybe Presidential cam- paigns are going to: be decided hereafter in the last three weeks of intensive campaign- ing, .for if Mr. Hoover suc- ceeds in reversing the trend it will be a lesson to all other campaign strategists to hold their fire till the last few weeks."

Rervente now to the Des Moines speech, we find applause for the fighting qualities shown both in the speech itself and in Mr. Hoover's unwonted belligerency coming from both parties and from all sections of the country. 7

For instance, over on the Eastern Seaboard the Democratic Boston Post and Globe frankly admit that the President made a powerful fighting speech. The Schenectady Union Star (Rep.) thinks he actually ''rekindled the fires of Republicanism." Mr. Hoover, says the friendly New York Evening Post, gave just the sort of answer "'he needs to give to the Democratic hymn of Right in Iowa the Council Bluffs Nonpareil (Rep.) acclaims the Des Moines speech as '"'the most powerful and most convincing delivered in any campaign within the memory of the people of this generation." The Burlington Hawkeye (Rep.) is willing to affirm that ''Hoover won millions of votes in the hour he remained upon the platform."

"The people admire a fighter," and the Iowa trip, says the

8 THE LITERA RW2gD Go

Kansas City Journal-Post (Ind.), showed them ''a new Hoover, a Hoover who, if beaten, will not take the licking lying down." The speech, says the Kansas City Star (Ind.), will have its "oreatest effect in putting heart and confidence into Republican workers throughout the farm States.'' In Kansas, William Allen White's Emporia Gazette bursts out with this:

"Hoover did a brave, fine thing in coming to the very heart of the enemy country to say his say, and he said it like a little man.

''Republicans have their heads up, their shoulders in the collar, sniffing the fire of victory."

"The President has inspired the people as they have not been

President Hoover's 12-Point Farm Program

(As summarized by the New York T7mes.)

1. Maintenance of high protective tariffs on farm products. hn 2. Repeal of the price-stabilization provisions of the farm market- ing act.

3. Inauguration of a national program of land utilization "to

divert land from unprofitable to profitable use."'

OCT OBERS Won) oe

Since nearly everybody has heard Hoover's speech over the radio, or has read it at least in summary in the newspapers, perhaps it is unnecessary to devote space to long quotations from it here. The President began with a graceful reference to his Iowa boyhood and his early familiarity with depression and the fearsome farm mortgage. He asserted that the founda- tion of recovery from our share of the world-wide depression is being built. He described how the Administration acted to ward off three great perils to the nation--the strangulation of credit, the bankruptcy of the Government, and a fall from the gold standard. The militant quality of the speech is shown in passages like this:

"The battle against depression is making progress. We are still faced with forces which render ten million men idle and agriculture prostrate. We have forged new weapons, we have turned the tide from defense to attack. I shall continue the fight."

Sih dene as a Republican President, Mr. Hoover turned to attack the Democratic party, whose leaders in the House, he asserted, had no program of their

4. Completion of a vast inland waterway system, including the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence seaway.

5. Relief for recipients of drought feed and seed loans who are unable to pay under the stress of the times.

6. A eall for a conference of experts to work out a coordinated system of Federal, State and local taxation whereby farm land might be relieved of extra burdens for public revenue.

7. Expansion of credits to make available ready short-term loans for planting, harvesting, feeding live stock and other 'production necessities."

8. Extension of loans, through the Reconstruction Finance Cor- poration, to processors of agricultural products in order to relieve the farmer from carrying over his stocks.

9. Relief of farm owners from pressing long-term mortgage payments.

10. Participation by this government in such measures as would insure world stability and expansion of agricultural markets, such as the promotion of good-will and disarmament, and the appointment of a representative of agriculture as a member of the forthcoming world economic conference.

11. A recommendation that '"'any annual payment of the foreign debt. be used for the specific purpose of securing an, expansion of the foreign markets for American agricultural products."

12. Continuation of the efforts of the Government to reverse the processes of deflation and ''bring things back to their real values."

own, and actually backed a number of dangerous and vicious measures. These measures, the President re- minded his hearers, were forwarded under the leader- ship of ''the gentleman who has been nominated the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, and thus these measures and policies were approved by their Dacbyer

Then the President laid down his own farm-relief program, which is briefly summarized on this page.

It is over this program that the sharpest controversy rages in the press of the agricultural sections.

To begin in Sioux City, we find The Journal (Rep.) of the opinion that Mr. Hoover's Des Moines address "'had more substance in it with reference to the farm problem and farm relief than all the speeches of the opposition put together.'"' The President ''revealed himself as the farmer's true friend,' declares the Tulsa Tribune (Ind. Dem.). '"'An amazingly thorough under- standing of agriculture's pressing needs," comments the Minneapolis Tribune (Rep.). It was ''a practical program for helping the debt-burdened farmer,'' in the opinion of the Kansas City Star (Ind.). ''Whether

inspired at any point in this campaign," declares the Fargo Forum (ind.). The Denver Post (Ind.) is positive: ''If the American people comprehend President Hoover's speech, his reelection is assured.'' Another Rocky Mountain daily, the Deseret News (Ind.) of Salt Lake City, is convinced that "the President's appeal will strengthen him with the voters of the country.'' ''A Democratic newspaper,'' says the Helena Jn- dependent (Dem.) ''would have to be partizan indeed, which did not admit the Hoover speech was dangerous--dangerous to the party of Rooseveit and Garner. It will cause thousands of backsliding Republicans to hit the sawdust trail and once more kneel at the Republican altar."

Ie the speech fails to elect Mr. Hoover, says his strong sup- porter, the Los Angeles Times, on the Pacific coast, ''at least it has shown all thinking persons that his qualifications for the post are overwhelmingly better than those of his opponent." Another coast daily, the Republican Seattle Times, which is supporting Roosevelt, hails this ''truly magnificent address" as giving the country a campaign issue:

"The President makes it plain he considers a change of Administration at Washington must mean drastic changes in the campaign he has waged against depression. He thus has created a dominant political issue for the country, the outcome of which it must determine by its votes next month."

the Hoover program is acceptable to all the farmers or not, the fact remains that it is the only program which has been offered,"? concludes the Denver Post (Ind.); Roosevelt has no agricultural relief plan at all.''

The two new important things in the program, in the view of the Des Moines Register (Rep.) '"' were the promise to seek legisla- tion enabling the Federal land banks to refinance farm mortgages with considerable freedom, and a promise to trade off for farm markets part of the foreign war debts.'' This last point, declares the Wichita Hagle (Ind.), ''was the most important feature of the Des Moines address, as the next nine months will amply prove."

oe this farm program was the least effective part of the whole speech, in the opinion of such a critic as the St. Louis Star (Ind.):

"What does it avail Mr. Hoover to tell the farmers that their crops will rot in their barns if Roosevelt is elected, when their crops are rotting in the fields to-day? What does it avail to tell them that he will devote 'any annual payment on the foreign debt,' to the aid of agriculture, when every intelligent person knows that the foreign debt is sunk as deep as the Lusitania?"

Similar criticisms come from the Milwaukee Journal (Ind.) and the Oklahoma City Daily Oklahoman (Dem.). President Hoover, as the Omaha World-Herald (Ind.) puts it, "holds out vague promises of securing foreign markets for our surpluses, and ignores the fact that we can not export if we do not import, and that the profits of trade are mutual to seller and buyer."

CGT OBER? 151, 293-2

6 OW ARE YOU, YOU OLD POTATO?"

Alfred E. Smith gript the hand of Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt.

'Al, this is from my heart,'' responded the Governor.

"Frank, that goes for me, too."

Thus the papers describe the reunion, after a long estrange- ment, of the Democracy's 1928 and 1932 standard-bearers.

Amid the uproar of the party's New York State convention, at Albany, Mr. Smith and Mr. Roosevelt stood together against John F. Curry, keen-eyed, pink-faced, gray-haired leader of Tammany Hall--and won. The importance of that reunion to Roosevelt's Presidential cause is being strest by papers throughout the country.

"The reconciliation of Mr. Smith and Mr. Roosevelt was hailed as an accomplished fact, at least for political campaign purposes," writes Harold Brayman of the New York Evening Post, ''as the result of their meeting and handshake over the prostrate and humiliated form of a defeated Tammany Hall."

"Mr. Curry's defeat is total,'' declares the New York World- Telegram (Ind.), ''the worst a Tammany leader has suffered in the memory of this generation."'

Ma. CURRY, we read, opposed Lieut.-Gov. Herbert H. Lehman (pronounced Leeman) who was seeking the nomination for Governor. Mr. Smith and Mr. Roosevelt insisted that Mr. Lehman be named. By acclamation the convention endorsed their choice.

Thus the short, dark, bald, kindly-faced Herbert H. Lehman wins the honor of running for Governor of the Empire State against Col. William J. (Wild Bill) Donovan, Republican choice. Mr. Lehman is '"'a nationally known banker, philanthropist, labor mediator and son of a German mmigrant,"' the United Press tells us, and ''he was said to have forsaken a $2,000,000 annual salary for his present $10,000 a year job."

"He started his political career,'' notes the Associated Press, "by getting lost in the State Capitol'"--

'

"The stocky, little ex-banker, who withdrew from the financial world to go into politics in 1928 as the running-mate of Governor Roosevelt, attempted to explore the Jabyrinth on Capitol Hill on the day in 1929 when he took the office of Lieutenant-Governor. He finished his exploration by meekly asking a Capitol guard how he could get back to his office."

But since then, this writer adds, ''he has crossed swords with the Republican leaders of the Legislature and fought his own battle within his party for the Gubernatorial nomination."

"TW on the triumph of the Lehman candidacy,'"' says the New York World-Telegram, already quoted, ''Governor Roosevelt and Al Smith are, of course, entitled to due credit ''--

""Moreover, their common backing of this first-rate, tried and trusted public servant provided the happiest possible ground for the handshake that came at last at the State convention.

'A strong State ticket on a sound platform is now secure. New York Democrats can be well satisfied with both.

''But their first satisfaction can be even greater, we think, over the crushing blow the larger leadership of their party has dealt the pretensions of a Tammany boss to dictate, bully, and bargain in a State party convention for the strengthening of his grip on New York City."

And in an editorial titled, ''Fall of the House of Curry," the New York Times (Ind. Dem.) declares that ''even if he, nomin- ally for a time, retains his leadership, it has become in his hands only an empty shell''--

"To claim to be a boss and yet ignominiously fail to deliver

the goods is the unpardonable sin in the Tammany theology. No one will hereafter place any credence in the predictions which

Nati EeReAR OY D'-G EST

taken in the name of his organization."

:

Of the Roosevelt-Smith reunion, the Boston Rost (Ind. Dem.) i SF: says it means that ''the Roosevelt chances of ryitte A York have been immensely enhanced."' Likewise the & Republican (Ind.)--

"Tf it be a real peace, the political situation in the Hast is im- mediately improved for the Roosevelt presidential candidacy.

Here is a Democratic counterstroke to President Hoover's offensive in the West."'

Sou papers, however, refuse to be imprest by the reunion. "Mr. Smith and Governor Roosevelt were brought together by

Copyright inbaenadeal "How Are You, You Old Potato?"'

Says Alfred E. Smith, and Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt responds, "Al, this is from my heart.'' Between them, blessing their re- union, is James A. Farley, of the Democratic National Committee.

unavoidable circumstances at the State Convention," says the Washington Post (Ind.):

'He could not have ignored Governor Roosevelt without throwing a wet blanket over the convention and possibly splitting the party.

"Under these circumstances Al Smith was compelled to smother his resentment against Governor Roosevelt."

fae praise, too, for the man opposing Mr. Lehman in the Gubernatorial race is bestowed by the New York Herald Tribune (Rep.) which says that he ''heads one of the strongest tickets named by a Republican convention in New York State in many years.'' Lauding Colonel Donovan's "powerful personality, his straightforwardness, his record as a man of action,'' this paper adds:

"ec

"There is nothing more difficult than the task of setting down point by point just those things which make for leadership and confidence. Colonel Donovan's official record, fine as it is, does not count nearly as heavily as the personal magnetism he has, a magnetism which makes his comrades in arms worship him.

"The Republican nominee for governor is not only sound in his attitude toward government but he is a candidate who must appeal to the emotions of all those who are hopeful of a broader conception of the fundamental ideals of this country "

10 THE «LT ERAR Ys DIG BSa,

OCTO B. ERIS hore

Roosevelt Leads, But It's Anybody's Race Yet ©

ARNINGS AGAINST CROWING TOO SOON are being sounded by sages of the Democracy.

On the strength of the second and third reports of Tur Diaexsr's Presidential poll, corroborated in part by scores of smaller straw canvasses, local and general, there is a tendency among light-hearted members of the Democratic party to imagine that the election is all over except the shouting. The fourth report, on this page, may increase that tendency a tendency based upon false conceptions, as some Democratic

papers join their Republican colleagues in pointing out.

'Until the evidence is more convincing," counsels the Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, veteran Independent Democratic observer of national affairs, ''the battle-ground is likely to be in the two groups of States around New York and between the Ohio and the Mississippi."

In warning its readers against advance rejoicing over a victory that might go sour before election day, The Virginian-Pulot minimizes the significance of the South and the trans-Mississippi West, in comparison with the ''debatable territory'? of "'the New York bloc" and ''the Ohio-Indiana-Illinois group."

And even in those Tom Tiddler's grounds it would be easy to pick up too much premature encouragement. As the Norfolk paper says of these two populous groups of States:

"When they can be definitely assigned as either Democratic or Republican--and Tue Lirprary Digesst's poll has many times demonstrated its value as assignor--then the enthusiasts ean start celebrating. That time has not yet arrived."

Ove new poll report is rich in additional evidence on the political state of mind in the regions under discussion and in other regions, too--thirty-eight States in all.

We'll soon have a full hand!

Studying these new figures, aggregating almost two million straw votes, our readers will be able to see for themselves how it

goes in the two groups of States picked by The Virginian-Prlot, and by many other authorities, as the pivotal ones.

But whatever they discover, and in spite of the new Roosevelt majorities popping up in various parts of the country, it is still true, as The Virginian-Pilot puts it, that the time for celebrating has ''not yet arrived."

Let our partizan poll fans hold their horses a while, watching for those sudden shifts to be expected ''in a year when unusual conditions obscure fundamental electoral needs," as the Norfolk paper observes.

With this week's report, the Presidential poll reaches the edge of its two-million mark.

It now approaches adolescence, so to speak, and while its figures are not conclusive, they are worthy of respectful attention.

Of the 20,000,000 ballots sent out through the mails, the number returned to Tue Dieest and tabulated in time for this issue is 1,983,634.

President Hoover receives 781,434.

Governor Roosevelt receives 1,062,087.

Norman Thomas receives 106,352.

Ws: almost said, ''the Minor Candidates receive 140,116," but Mr. Thomas's adherents have been begging us so prettily to promote him to the brevet rank of a third major candidate that for once, at least, we're taking him for a ride with the big fellows.

Yes, and we're going to give some searching facts about the Thomas vote, showing the drifts that are bringing ballots to the Socialist cause this year--all of which may cause some orthodox Republicans and Democrats to open their eyes.

First, we'll summarize a few more leading points about our handsome new tabulation of the main poll.

It embraces thirty-eight States. Eighteen of them are now making their first appearance in the poll.

Hoover captures one of these débutantes--Vermont.

THE LITERARY DIGEST 1932 PRESIDENTIAL POLL

HOOVER 1932 Total Vote

so far Soc. Farm Soc. Lab. Lab. Proh. Com.

How the same Voters voted in the 1928 Presidential Election

ALABAMA.. ARIZONA

KENTUCKY LouiIsiIANA

1 1 2 3 3 1 3 7 8 6 5 2 1 18 11 1 1 7

New HaAmpsHIReE. New JERSEY

New Mexico.... NEW Y ORK. «0014 Norru Dakota...

TYE SP) Wie Od set a Had St FO Wl FM fad SoC) 0 EY Yl ft Pg

PENNSYLVANIA... Ruopp Isuanp.,. SourH CAROLINA. SoutH DakorTa... WAY. ore cna levetaun F VERMONT

WEST VIRGINIA... WISCONSIN WYOMING

no

IN|] lor l | On~nwonkrs o

Ne A De TeeGate bel sti sted spt aw Soe eet bal area |e oC

PRHPbppdieenwmloalrelielinbielt li ewelliiweielt il

Lorem elReolrwle

1,776

PP PDP pe Popp Pwormrrr pre pr biewr tr pweroiis

Did Not in 1928

ROOSEVELT 1932 Total Vote so far

How the same Voters voted in the 1928 Presidential Election Did Not Soc. Farm Vote Lab. Lab. Proh. Com. in 1928

Vote Rep. ; Soc.

15,015 2,208

PPbIind) pee Nwoatne | pee ie to Nee |e] ope |

NPL lee awn] | ewole | ono tt

e)

Newlail Pt LOW] JRE] Oleewnw

to

= N11 oO!

eS) Ono ra

2,410 1,030

[Bo ta. Dal | ox

leMwrli ld lrererrrtl

Toras...... 781,431 634,331

to "J to iw) » > No) o iw) nN

100,840

w Sl pep pe POMP ROLP PPP IRTP PPO lore PeNe TI

1,062,087 421,039 485,592 1,488

© oo

153,590

J > o io2) J

OGIO BERS 156193 2

Roosevelt captures sev- enteen of them--Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Ida- ho, Iowa, Kansas, Ken- tucky, Louisiana, Michi- gan, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Da- kota, Oregon, South Da- kota, Utah, Wyoming-- and that's all there are.

Rock-ribbed New En- gland, with the Green Mountain State filling its last gap, stretches rugged hands to New Jersey, and those seven stand firm as the Hoover Old Guard.

Just now they haven't an ally in the whole coun- try, but perhaps next week's tabulation will bring them a few. It may even change the com-

Thomas

ALABAMA

ARIZONA

DARIO SAS E eenmt ee ce CALIFORNIA

CoLoRADO ConNECTICUT DELAWARE

WOTTSTANAG 2S a ALAS ENG Heer ee So cnc eR, ep re MASSACHUSETTS.......

NETSSISSTP PI. ote oo Montana

PENNSYLVANIA... RyHopef Istanp SoutH CAROLINA SoutH DaxKoTa UTAH

plexion of some now in the Roosevelt column. The31 States now stand-

MINOR CANDIDATES

Reynolds 1932 1932

ei oeeist BieArReY DLG EST 11

21,392,190 and Smith's 15,016,443. Plans for the formation

Coxzey Upshaw Foster Miscellaneous ;

19382 1932 1932 9 of a new ''liberal"' party be Votes yas : He after the election are linked ee Hes with the prestige and 180 : : 8,903 personality of Norman

1,764 4,318

€

Thomas. According to the St. Louis Star-Times, Prof. Paul Douglas, of the Uni- versity of Chicago, be- lieves that ''the League for Independent Political Action and the Socialist party will get together under some name not im- plying Socialism, and will draw other liberal support into a permanent political organization.'' Upon which The Star-Times comments:

"The coming election will undoubtedly show a large increase in the So- clalist vote.

"Tt will be for the most

; 352 ing for Roosevelt repre- eae

sent 356 Electoral votes.

The 7 States now standing for Hoover represent 57 Electoral votes.

Ten States are yet to be heard from, the balloting has yet to reach its full stride, and a variety of causes familiar to political students may conspire to upset the present apple-cart.

Random observations: Hoover shows a percentage increase in California, Iinois, Indiana, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Roosevelt is getting more than half his strength from former Republicans in California and Michigan, while in nine other States he has more votes from former Republicans than from former Democrats. The nine are: Iowa, Kansas, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Now for Norman Thomas.

Evidently the Socialist candidate is going to poll a very large vote--for a Socialist candidate.

Many Dicest readers have exprest a wish that we should analyze the Thomas vote on the basis of how his present sup- porters voted in 1928. They're curious to find out how the Socialist drift comes from the two major parties. Well, that's a good news story, so here goes!

The Thomas total of 106,352 in this week's report is composed as follows:

Former Republicans, 48,945; former Democrats, 24,354; Social- ists, 11,547; former Social-Laborites, 22; former Farmer-Labor- ites, 15; former Prohibitionists, 25; former Communists, 80; "Did Not Vote," 21,364.

His percentage of youthful first-voters, who presumably dominate the ''did-not-vote" column, is 20.09. Hoover's is 12.90. Roosevelt's is 14.46.

Youth gives Thomas one-fifth of his ballot strength.

His percentage of gain from Republican votes is 46.02. Roose- velt's is 39.64. Thomas's percentage of gain from Democratic ballots is 22.90, Hoover's is 5.87.

Such are the most exciting of the arithmetical facts about the Socialist candidate so far.

Some of his followers are beginning to discuss the chances of his polling a couple of million votes, or more, on election day. In the 1928 election he polled 267,420 votes to Hoover's

1,285

8,058 11,385 9,971 140,116 part a protest vote against conservative tendencies of both old parties, just as the Roosevelt majority, if he wins, will be a protest vote against the Republican party and its candidate.

"Protest votes, however, are not necessarily temporary in effect. They denote unrest, and periods of unrest are periods of change. If the unrest of this period is capable of fusing the inde- pendents and Socialists along the line suggested by Professor Douglas, might it not also liberalize the Democratic party under its promised liberal leadership?

'"The liberal party as seen by the Chicago professor may be formally organized without regard to results in November, but its life will depend upon the legislative record of the party that wins this election.

""A Democratic victory at the polls, followed by failure to cope with the country's economic troubles, would make a new liberal party something to be reckoned with. Nobody can tell what might come of a leadership as intelligent as that of Norman Thomas, when separated from the incubus of the name of Socialism, if other leadership fails. But it hasn't failed yet.

""Making a party liberal may prove easier than making a liberal party."'

Bors the Socialist and Communist candidates have literary lieutenants, and it seems that all is not peace among them. The New Republic exclaims:

"From the way in which the Communist and Socialist parties are fighting each other in this campaign, one might infer that there was something immediately at stake, that they conceived of themselves as Republican or Democratic organizations, one of which was sure to win power at the expense of the other. One might infer this, that is, if the animosity between the two sects were not far more fierce than that between the old parties. It would appear that the leaders of each think it more important to put the other out of business than to make progress toward substituting Socialism for capitalism.

"The immediate occasion for these remarks is a column by Heywood Broun, who is a prominent Socialist, in the syndicate of newspapers for which he works, about William Z. Foster and the Communists. Foster has withdrawn from active campaigning on the insistence of his physician, because of serious heart trouble brought on by overexertion. Mr. Broun insinuated that Foster is not really sick, but has been recalled and expelled by his party. The Communists vigorously denied it. Mr. Broun later atoned for this unsportsmanlike act by a handsome retraction. But it is time for perplexed voters to insist that at least one of the radice| parties stick to the main job. Otherwise radicals will be ir- clined to cast a protest vote for Hoover."

{Letters to "The Digest" about the Presidential Poll will be found on Pages 4 and 5.}

12

TH E cLilcl BREAVRIYS"DInG Esoar

O'GYVO BR ER Oita Gh ai2

The Crime Hunt in Insull's Shattered Empire

VEN HIS COWS LIVED IN LUXURY. They ''basked in ultra-violet rays, and were protected by electric screens that electrocuted flies."'

For he was master of a vast industrial empire, and '"'everything he touched, apparently, turned to gold."

This was Samuel Insull, the $5-a-week London clerk who came across the sea to drive his way upward until the world recognized him as a business colossus.

To-day, he is back across the sea again, exiled in Paris --old and broken, his empire shattered, his wealth and power gone. And more than a half million victims of the Insull erash, some of whom, we read, paid $500 for stock now worth sixty-five cents, are watching hopelessly as State and Federal investigators go picking among the ruins of the $2,000,000,000 blow-up.

'"At the peak of his career, Samuel Insull was master of the vastest utility system ever controlled by one man," Walter Fitzmaurice in the Chi- eago Tribune--

writes

"He sat on the boards of eighty-five companies, was chairman of sixty-five, presi- dent of eleven, and, through his holding companies, con- trolled more than 6,000 power units employing 72,000 workers in the production of gas and electricity for thirty-two States.

"The assets of his companies were estimated at four billion dollars, and his investors num- bered 600,000.

'"Moreover, Insull was a colossal civie figure. Bankers, poli- ticians, brokers, and business men courted his favor and bowed to his whim. Millions of people in Chicago and surrounding areas depended on his companies for light, power, and transpor- tation, a fact he was fond of recalling in public addresses.

""He was the princely patron of the Civic Opera and the master of Hawthorne farm. Except for a few critics, whom he profest to despise, Samuel Insull was master of all he surveyed."

Underwood

Bor that was yesterday. Now he is in voluntary exile, while investigators study the extradition laws and hunt for evidences of criminality in his transactions. Against him and his brother, Martin Insull, indictments have been returned by the Cook County grand jury, charging embezzlement and_ larceny. Martin Insull, a high executive in the utility empire, also left the country, going to Canada after the explosion. A drab picture of what Insull left behind is painted by Frederick C. Othman in an article copyrighted by the United Press:

"Chieago's forty-two-story Civie Opera Building is a bleak monument to its builder, Samuel Insull.

"The rose-colored plush seats are gathering dust. There is no Samuel Insull, with white kid gloves and diamond-studded bosom, to finance a season of opera this year.

"On the twenty-fourth floor the cobwebs are growing in the corners of what were the luxurious offices of Insull's Middlewest Utilities Company, which ran his personal fortune up to $100,- 000,000--and then sent him to Paris at the age of seventy-three on a pension. Receivers now oceupy one end of the oak-lined suite.

'The First Million Was Hardest, the Rest Easy"'

But to-day Samuel Insull is in exile, while investigators search the ruins of his vast utility empire after the $2,000,000,000 blow-up.

"Tn the penthouse on the roof, with its magnificent views of Chicago's sky-line and lake-front, the linen covers are on the Old English furniture. The desk, as large as a grand piano, at which Insull used to plan his coups, is for sale. The penthouse is for rent.

'"'In front of the $20,000,000 edifice Chicago's elevated trains clatter by. They need paint, because they also were Insull's, ; and went into the hands of receivers with the rest of his vast businesses.

"The whole Insull dynasty in thirty States and Mexico has passed from his hands.

"The 1,740,000 customers who once paid their gas, light, water, and power bills to In- sull now pay to some one else. The Mexican irrigation proj- ect, the Kansas City sub- division, the New England paper mills, the Texas pipe- lines, the ice-plants, the rail- ways, and the bus lines all operate with receivers in charge.

"The fifty-five Insull cor- porations went up with the 1929 business boom, and many of them collapsed when it burst. Insull lost his $100,- 000,000, his brother, Martin, went into debt $7,000,000. His son, Samuel Jr., had to rent rooms in his apartment to another family."

"Tue first million was the hardest. After I got that the rest was easy." So Insull used ~to say. A white-haired man . with a wide mouth and close- clipt mustache and wearing pince-nez glasses, he liked to tell of how he drove himself eighteen hours a day in his fight to the top. Thomas A. Edison, whom he served as secretary for a time, called him '"'one of the greatest business men in the United States."

What caused his downfall? Whatever the cause, says Mr. Fitzmaurice, '"'Chicago bankers judge that the Insull debacle will be an economie lesson and a warning against contributing to any individual hereafter the power Insull wielded.'' And with that view editors in all parts of the country agree.

Seas the spectacular building of the enormous pyramid that was to come crashing down upon thousands of investors, Mr. Othman gives us an insight into the causes of the catastrophe:

""TInsull added more utilities to his system. There were so many in 1912 that he organized the Middlewest Utilities Com- pany as a holding company. It had capital of $24,000,000 in 240,000 shares of stock. Eight years later he absorbed the Middlewest Securities Company, issued 600,000 shares, and sold them to an eager public. In 1929 he increased the capital to 20,500,000 shares; in 1930 to 27,300,000 shares.

"Still the public clamored for more Insull stock. The Middle- west Utilities Company already had consolidated assets of $1,200,000,000.

''Insull set up two enormous investment trusts, Insull Utility Investments, Inc., with investments of $239,000,000, and Cor- poration Securities Company, with investment of $145,000,000. He organized the Public Service Trust, the Second Utilities Syndicate, five other purely personal investing corporations, and a dozen more subsidiary holding companies.

'Business was so rushing that he had to establish the Lincoln

oe Se

OEL_OBER

LS) cal ie te wee

Printing Company to engrave stock certificates and issue glowing financial reports to stockholders.

"Then the bottom fell out of the stock market.

""Nothing serious,' Insull commented as he almost casually issued $50,000,000 in gold notes to bankers, in 1930. It was more serious than he thought. He had to borrow $32,340,000 more from banks on short-term notes. Still the market drove down the prices of his shares. Even then Insull couldn't believe the depression had begun.

""Almost frenziedly he pledged millions in assets to banks for cash, borrowed on life insurance, loaned to one company and borrowed from another in a 'Rob-Peter-Pay-Paul' circle.

"By 1932 Middlewest Utilities had invested or advanced to other Insull concerns the stupendous sum of $298,895,000.

""The end of the Insull dynasty was in sight, even tho Insull himself couldn't see it. Even at that late date he organized his gas-meter readers, his street-car conductors, and his electric-light men into a stock-selling corps. It was his last desperate attempt to get more cash, and it failed."

Ponti out that Insull was past seventy when, after the stock- market crash, he undertook to guide his companies through the storm, Mr. Fitzmaurice seeks further for causes of the blow-up:

"His defenders and critics alike are agreed that some time during the last three stressful years the keen judgment, which

~ had held his giant intellect and ambition in balance through fifty

years, went awry.

"Only thus, according to the financial experts, can his colossal mistakes be explained. Only thus, according to his associates, most of whom still defend him loyally, can they understand the lapses of memory and the comas into which he occasionally sunk as the bankruptcy smash approached."'

Two explanations are offered for Insull's financial collapse, we

- read, both based on the theory that he had utterly lost his

judgment--

""Tnsull's avowed purpose in organizing Insull Utility Invest- ments was 'to perpetuate the present management of the Insull companies.' His method of using this investment trust and corporation securities also worked directly to defeat his purpose

_and brought about his downfall, in the judgment of the bankers.

"He threw both into the scales in what he conceived to be a battle with Cyrus Eaton of Cleveland for control of Insull com- panies, but which at least some of the bankers now consider was a sham battle."

To buy back the stocks that Eaton had acquired, Insull paid $350 a share, or a total of $56,000,000, and borrowed from the

After a map in the New York World-Telegram

The ''Insull Empire'' Which spread over thirty-two States and into Canada and Mexico.

Peel ERARY DIGEST

The House That Was Built Upon Tape

--Ray in the Kansas City ''Star."'

banks to do it, we read. ''In making that payment," said a banker quoted by Mr. Fitzmaurice, ''Insull was utterly mad." With Eaton's withdrawal, the value of the stocks began to fall.

So much for the first theory as to the cause of the collapse. The other, we are told, is that offered by Insull's associates. When Insull went to the economic conference called by President Hoover early in 1930 he was convinced that a major depression was on ''and that retrenchment was the prudent course."" But--

"He returned from the conference with an entirely different view, they say.

"The business leaders gave their pledge to the President to restore prosperity by construction and expansion to increase employment,' one of the Insull executives said. 'The head of the Insull organization kept his pledge, and the system put at least $100,000,000 into plants that year. Perhaps it would have been smarter to make the pledge with tongue in cheek, but Mr. Insull didn't play that game.'"'

"Never again,' ery many papers, agreeing with views thus exprest by the Chicago Daily News:

"The Federal Government, like the State governments con- cerned, must draw significant morals from the Insull disclosures. The Federal Power Commission, in a recent report, reeommended national legislation for the strict regulation of interstate holding corporations, and the prescribing of simple and uniform methods of accounting, and the arrangement of published reports-- methods designed to prevent evasion, misrepresentation, and deception.

"'Congress should act upon that recommendation. If addi- tional evidence is desired, the depressing reports of the receivers for the Insull companies furnish it in superabundance.

'In the words of Theodore Roosevelt, cunning must be shackled, and corporation magnates must be imprest with the elementary truth that incorporation is a privilege conferred in the interest of the public, not in the interest of rapacious and unscrupulous manipulators."

But, in regulating, we must not cripple, warns the Tacoma Ledger:

''Wortunate, indeed, will be the country if Congress in its zeal does not transgress the rules of reason and does not enact legis- lation that will cripple industry instead of purifying it."

14 T HE 'ts IAT E-ReAsRaxe sDiluG Sr

OC PO'BiER wr hseeei? 22

TOPICS IN BRIEF

Basson says the depression will be worn out by 1934. So will we.--Nashville Southern Lumberman.

Don't confuse the spelling. Bologna requires chewing. The

kind you swallow whole is boloney.--Newark Ledger.

Prruars Mr. Hoover regards the none too reassuring LITERARY Dicrsr vote as the last straw.-- Buffalo Courter-Express.

Mr. Garner doesn't enjoy being photographed somuch. But think of the long rest you'll get, Jack, if you're elected.--El Paso Herald.

As we understand, a bargain sale is one at which a female economist ruins a $20 street dress to grab herself a house dress for 98 cents.--New Orleans States.

Tue way to make an enemy out of a friend is to talk to him as only a friend should.-- Chicago Times.

Ir seems pretty well agreed the peak of the depression is passed, and that we are now climbing up into a better 'ole. --Detroit News.

Ir the wolf visited some doors we could mention, his hide would soon be hanging on the fence to dry.--Boston Shoe and Leather Reporter.

A MAGISTRATE holds the view that our car-bandits should be driven out of the country. Personally, we should make them walk.--Punch (London).

"T NEVER knew what happi- ness was until after I was married,' stated a sereen idol. People shouldn't brood over the past.--Altlanta Constitu- tion.

ANorTHeER sign of business revival is that people have started worrying about their debts again.--Judge.

Know tence the people are now acquiring in relation to holding companies has been paid for in advance.--Toledo Blade.

Tu President's scheme in a nutshell appears to be to get the wheat to China and the dough to our farmers.--Boston Herald.

IMAGINE our desperate rage if Germany had won and taxed us 20 cents on each dollar, as our public servants do.-- Wooster Record.

Onz bright thing we Democrats have to look forward to is the

blossoming in Washington next spring of the plum-trees.--

Arkansas: Gazette.

WELL, well! returning, and soon they'll be selling five-cent cigars two for a quarter.--Atlanta Constitution.

Wouvtp a reference to cer- tain deflated investments as 'public futility'' stocks be a ease of adding Insull to in- jury?--Chicago Daily News.

Reports of heavy financial losses among the erstwhile wealthy aborigines of the Southwest indicate that the noble red man is now blue.-- Boston Herald.

ANOTHER very usual sight out West, we hear, is the old- timer reminiscing over the days when Republicans roamed the plains in countless multitudes.-- Arkansas Gazette.

Ir is still insisted by Japan, that it is not interested in an- nexing Manchuria. Nor is Washington, as far as we know,

A prRompr solution of our

industrial overproduction could be effected by importing some of those Russian workers to run the factories.--W ashing- ton Post.

Sriru another revolt is threatened in Chile, it seems. These countries are adopting film-studio methods; if they don't like the look of a revolution they shoot it again.--Punch.

Ir it wasn't for his car, many a poor farmer couldn't reach the place where his kind are meeting to demand relief --Publishers Syndicate.

A POLITICAL opponent is the chap who puts out that il- considered, puerile, demagogie stuff you wish you'u thought of. -- Boston Herald.

Av a wedding last week the bride carried a handkerchief that had been in her family since 1608. We should like to know the name of their laundry.--The Humorist (London).

Even nature makes a mistake once in a while. If not, then the white girls wouldn't be buying permanent waves and the colored ones kink remover.--Clermont (Fla.) Press.

THE big idea of the Hindenburg-Schleicher-Papen Govern- ment seems to be to keep the citizenry trotting to the polls until they're too tired to start anything -- Macon Telegraph.

Tue astronomers tell us that the island universes, those out- side our own galaxy, are speeding away from us into space at several thousand miles a minute. Well, good-by, universes. If you hear of any good openings out there for a world, at present unemployed, let us know. References furnished on request.-- Detroit News.

Reg. U.S. Patent Office. Copyright, 1932, by tne Chicago 7ribune

Tangled Bait --Orr in the Chicago ''Tribune."'

any longer concerned over the Louisiana Purchase.--Detroit News.

"THe first thing a lon- tamer has to learn,' says a circus-owner, ''is to keep on the right side of the animals.'' We _ ourselves instinctively choose the outside.--Punch.

THE American Federation of Labor is so sure that business is improving that it has started a movement for higher wages.-- Springfield Union.

GEORGIA woman has lived to the age of 101 without seeing

any automobiles. And if she sees them in time she may live still

longer.--New York Evening Journal.

Let Russia continue to her destiny with Karl Marx. We have our own Groucho, Chico, Harpo, and the fourth who is carried along as a spare.--Kansas City Star.

We see by the paper that Notre Dame's first string this year includes Jaskwhich, Brancheau, Lukats, Koken, Sheeketski, and Melinkovich. There's the real melting-pot.--Toledo Blade.

Rackprs cost the United States more than the war did, according to the estimate of G. L. Hofstetter. And the chance of getting any of the money back is equally faint.--The New Yorker.

Anp if Tue Literary Diamsvt's straw vote elects Mr. Hoover, and the November voting elects Mr. Roosevelt, then does the

choosing of a President have to go to the House of Repre- sentatives?--Chicago Tribune.

CAMPAIGN interchanges between rival candidates, writes a political commentator, are less acrimonious than they used to be. Instead of giving tit for tat, we suppose, they are now content to just give tut for tut.--Boston Herald.

Prosperity 1s

FOREIGN COMMENT

Keystone- Underwood photograph

"A Diary of a Fortnight's Journey Through Manchuria''

Is a caustic Japanese comment on the Lytton report of the findings of the League's International Commission of Inquiry in the Far East.

The Commissioners, left to right:

Count Luigi Aldrovandi-Marescotti of Italy, Gen. Henri Edouard Claudel, Inspector-General of Colo-

nies and member of the Superior War Council of France; the Earl of Lytton, former Viceroy of India, who is chairman of the Commis- sion; Dr. Heinrich Schnee, former Governor-General of the German Colonies, and Major-General McCoy of our State Department, who was named by the League as an individual member of the Commission.

Japan Found Guilty of Aggression in Manchuria

HE JAPANESE ARMY'S DRIVE on Mukden in Sep- tember of last year was unjustified, and the new State of Manchukuo is not supported by the Manchurian people.

The Japanese forces should be withdrawn, and Manchuria made autonomous under Chinese sovereignty. Japanese interests there should be recognized.

These are the high points of the findings of the Lytton investi- gating committee, established December 10, 1931, by the Council of the League of Nations as an international commission to examine the dispute between China and Japan, and to suggest a possible solution ''which would reconcile the fundamental in- terests of the two countries."

By way of retort the Japanese Government, according to Tokyo Associated Press dispatches, decides that the Commis- sion's report gives no reason to Japan to alter its Manchurian policy.

A eardinal point of Japan's policy, we are told, is the separa- tion of Manchuria from China and the maintenance of the in- dependent State of Manchukuo, which the Japanese assisted in creating, to replace the old régime owing allegiance to the Goy- ernment of Nanking. The report is merely ''a diary of a fort- night's journey through Manchuria," so Gen. Sadao Araki, Japan's Minister of War, is quoted as saying contemptuously at the Cabinet meeting, and he adds that the report shows an in- ability to grasp the fundamentals of the problem.

A SPOKESMAN for the Japanese Foreign Office, according to a Tokyo United Press dispatch, made this statement when the Lytton report was published:

"The proposal to remove troops from Manchuria is silly. What about disarming Europe first?

"Parts of the report are full of errors and misstatements. Autonomy in Manchuria is not acceptable to Japan. We appreci- ate the League's voluminous report, but our course was fixt before the report was compiled.

'"'No matter what the League thinks or how it acts, Japan must negotiate directly with China, not through a third party. So far as Japan is concerned, the question of Manchuria is settled."

The Lytton Commission finds that Japan had not "exhausted" means of settling peacefully her many grievances against China, and that on the bitterest single quarrel at issue, the slaying of Captain Nakamura in Manchuria, these means seemed to be 'progressing favorably up to the night of September 18, 1931."

This we read in a wireless summary of the report sent by Clarence K. Streit to the New York Times.

Then Japan, because of an incident which "was not in itself sufficient to justify military action,' resorted to what ''can not be regarded as measures of legitimate self-defense."

J APAN is responsible, the report alleges, through her troops and civil and military officials, of then establishing the Manchukuo Government, which is ''constrained more and more to follow the direction of Japanese official authority, and whose existence disregards the wishes of the people of Manchuria."

The Commission ayers, ''the steps by which this was accom- plished are claimed by Japan to have been consistent with the obligations of the Covenant of the League of Nations, the Kellogg pact, and the Nine-Power Treaty of Washington, all of which were designed to prevent action of this kind."

And this all leads the Commission to find ''the maintenance and recognition of the present régime in Manchuria is in the interests of neither China nor Japan,'"' and is not ''compatible with the fundamental principle of existing international obliga- tions."' And ''any loss of confidence in the application of the principles of the Covenant and the Pact of Paris in any part of the world diminishes the value and efficacy of those principles everywhere."

The Commission suggests that the Council of the League should invite the governments of China and Japan to discuss a solution of their dispute on the lines indicated in the report.

Tu Lytton Commission's suggestions to the League of Nations concerning Manchuria are described by the leader of the Seiyukai [Majority party] in the Diet, Dr. Kisaburo Suzuki, as "castles in the air,' and cables to Tue Lirrrary Dieesr from the Japanese press echo his opinion in one form of expression or another. The proposals are held to be impossible, because Man-

chukuo independence is an irrevocable fact. Says the Tokyo

Nichi-Nichi:

"Tt will be a bad day for Japan when the League of Nations Assembly favors anything like the views which the Lytton com- missioners embodied in the concluding part of their report. Japan must be firmly resolved to meet such a situation.

"The proposal to grant a measure of autonomy to Manchuria might have had some chance of success if it had been made before

the creation of Manchukuo.. . The final chapter creates a Ub

16 THE ELTERAR Y Dil GEST,

suspicion that the Commission's regard for the League of Nations as an omnipotent arbitrator has been disrupted.

"The proposals suggest that the Commission is dreaming of a Utopia, and is living and moving in one."

W une some Chinese leaders voice approval of the findings of the Lytton Commission, Shanghai press cables report disap- pointment among the press. This is evidenced in cabled editorials to Tur Lirprary Draest, as, for instance, when the Chinese- language Shanghai China Times charges:

"The most glaring defect of the Lytton report lies in the fact that it abstains from making a frank and fearless adjudication of responsibility for the situation. However, the Commission apparently believes that the responsibility rests with Japan."

Sin Wan Pao is frankly eritical of the pro- posal for a settlement compatible with the interests of both China and Japan, for ''it must be settled on a basis of right and justice, not on a basis of the interests of either nation."

In France, what impresses the influential Paris Journal is how events in the Far East will affect French interests in that region:

"The report takes note of the fact that China has been successively dismembered, thrown into a state of chaos and suffered losses in Tonking, Cochin-China, Mongolia, Korea, and Manchuria. This would indicate that in the future the French Colonial Empire * likely will be brought into the picture, as well as Japan's efforts at extension. The fate of one will be the fate of the other."

Tue Paris Temps, often spoken of as the semiofficial organ of the French Foreign Office, avers that the report "confirms what we never ceased to affirm: 'the profound cause of the conflict and all its succeeding compli- So

eations are the political anarchy in which Acme photograph China lives and the systematic boycotting of

Japanese products.'"' We read further: By the

"After this fact accompli [the recognition of McNeill, Manchukuo] the conclusions of the Lytton report find themselves superseded by events, and one may ask how it is going to be possible

to carry out the suggestions of the report."

Cables from the English press to Tur Lirmrary Digest reveal the London Daily Mail as a convinced supporter of Japan:

"The bias in the report is distinctly pro-Chinese. The report fails to give adequate weight to the all-important fact that had it not been for Japan's prodigious sacrifices in the Russo-Japanese War, Manchuria would be a Soviet province to-day.

''Japan's presence in Manchuria is as natural and as salutary as Great Britain's presence in India and Egypt."

Ox the other hand, the London News-Chronicle characterizes the report as being "'wise and fair," and it contends:

"Tt is difficult to imagine the deliverance of a complicated subject which could show a clearer grasp of the essentials or a more obvious desire to be wise and fair. Its reception and handling will be a searching test of the capacity of the League of Nations."

The London Times expresses the hope that consideration of the report by the countries in the League of Nations will help brin about a settlement, but it maintains:

"Two points the report makes absolutely clear for the first

time--that the Manchukuo Government is a sham, and that the population, which is predominantly Chinese, is hostile to it. "The plan offered by the Commission would make Manchu-

kuo a really autonomous State with only nominal dependence instead of areally dependent State with only nominal sovereignty."

The Question Raised

retirement of former eral of the Irish Free State, is whether that office, representa- tive of the Crown, shall be al- lowed to lapse into disuse.

bos 2

OGTOS ER Ros

Ireland's Governor-General Upset

STORM OF CONTROVERSY blew up in Dublin, it appears, with the announcement of the "resignation"

of tall, slim, scholarly James McNeill, Governor- General of the Irish Free State, that is, personal representative of the British Crown.

Altho the word "resignation" was not used in the official statements at London or at Dublin, the press inform us, the action was the result of a direct request from President Eamon de Valera to the King that Mr. MeNeill give up the post.

The action of the Irish Executive is said to have been taken under the Imperial Conference Agreement of 1930, permitting

the Prime Minister of any Dominion to ''ad- vise" the King that the Governor-General should withdraw.

Mr. MeNeill's retirement is reported to be the culmination of conflict with the De Valera "Government, during which, as one corre- spondent relates, ''there was an acrimonious exchange of correspondence over what Mr. MeNeill considered deliberate insults directed against him by some of the Free State Ministers."

The fact that Mr. MeNeill relinquishes office on the initiative of the President suggests that the Irish Free State Government intends to let the office of Governor-Generalship lapse, according to a copyrighted cable to the New York Herald Tribune which states further:

"Since his election Mr. De Valera has stated that he had no mandate to deal with the Governor-Generalship, but developments seem to indicate that the step taken to-day was contemplated some time ago. The Letters Patent under which the first Governor- General took office in December, 1922, pro- vided that in the absence of a Governor- General the duties should be discharged by the Chief Justice or the next senior judge, failing the nomination of a representative by

James __ the King directly."

Governor-Gen- Amone cabled editorials to Tur LireRary Digest from Ireland, we find The Irish Press, organ of Fianna Fail, De Valera's party, assert- ing bluntly:

"Such institutions as the Governor-Generalship are an anachronism in modern democracies. In Ireland they are particularly unpopular because they, ever since their founda- tion, have been associated with the oppression of the people,

and the denial by them of liberty makes them momentarily intolerable."

On the other hand, The Irish Times, a Conservative newspaper, formerly Unionist, defends Mr. MeNeill, and alleges:

""MeNeill was made the target for neglect and insult by the men to whom his representation of the King was an offense-- men who hoped, perhaps, that their policy of pin pricks would compel his resignation.''

Maem referring to pending negotiations between Presi- dent De Valera and the British Government, centering on the question of land annuities, which Ireland has refused to pay, and which brought on the present tariff war between the two countries, the Liberal Manchester Guardian has this to Say:

alt De Valera prefers still to pursue his tactics of negation, it is not for the British Government to assist him in his aim of creating a British bogy. j

i The Government should offer a conciliatory financial solution even if it knows that De Valera will not take it. The worst

thing it can do is to give any color to the legend of a predatory British monster."'

eT OBER ARSC 193.2

emt tsRERIACR YY: DIGEST Li

Civil War Ended in Brazil

FTER THREE MONTHS of severe fighting, and

two years after the overthrow of the State of Sao

Paulo in 1930 from its dominant position in Brazilian

politics, Brazil's civil war came to an end on October 2, with Sao Paulo still the under dog.

Not only is bloodshed ended, but the blockade of the coffee

ports which threatened famine to the great American breakfast

table is lifted.

But while peace returns to Brazil, news is not so propitious from other sections of South America, which has been torn by the strife resulting from economic distress and unrest. For instance, conflict continues between Paraguay and Bolivia in the Gran Chaco over Bolivia's demand for a port on the Para- guay River.

Amid contradictory reports from this section of South Amer-

ica, in which we read of forts

; More troops were engaged oP8/chil9 . \ being taken and_ retaken, in these hostilities, say Rio de Portackvelo > AS Mal, } either by the Paraguayans Janeiro press cables, than in Santa Orde S S Jose Puerto la baiba | By or the Bolivians, at Geneva any other conflict ame New > : = Santiago OS Corazon \\ the special neutral committee World except the Civil War of = '\ for bringing about peace be- the United States. Eire Po sheet / i tween them reported to the

Sao Paulo was deposed in r é N < ne ' League of Nations Council. It the 1930 revolt in Brazil, as lagunitlas Ri \ rt Vanguardiy' v pow advised the Council that it had was noted in THE LITERARY és 7 d recommended to the neutral Dierst for July 23, because ee ga an Ny" Cpe nations in Washington that such States as Rio Grande do std F'S®Cpys geneGe 'Ly Bolivia and Paraguay be in- Sul, Minas Geraes, and Para- 0 ofa nips Pete? = vited to withdraw their troops hyba resented its commercial Wie Woetes .--.-- EOlympo beyond the zone where there is

and political supremacy. Then three months ago this

y noe"? ee great coffee-producing State acune Af Stans

Sm MYQlhaiara.

danger of physical contact. The committee also pro- posed to the neutrals, say

rebelled on its own account ji = Se tacreaitanney eee, Geneva Associated Press dis- because under provisional |; NE Nor tBattiian At ds ace patches, that a commission of President Getulio Vargas, in f v4 military officers be sent to the

power since 1930, it had been reduced to a minor position in Brazilian affairs.

Bor the Sao Paulo Foreca Publica finally gave up the struggle on October 2, ac- cording to a wireless dispatch from Rio de Janeiro to the New York Times, when a virtual armistice was arranged with Colonel Carvalho, Com- mander of the Forea Publica, 'after Gen. Bertholdo Klinger- Holfer, the rebel commander- in-chief, had refused to sign the Federal armistice terms.

General Klinger himself surrendered unconditionally, and we

From 1' Illustration (Paris)

are further informed:

"'A personal clash between General Klinger and the Federal commander, Gen. Goes Monteiro, was revealed with the an- nouncement of the armistice.

"At two o'clock yesterday afternoon President Vargas received a telegram from General Klinger indicating his desire to surrender. His direct approach to the President after having refused to sign the terms laid down by General Monteiro was construed as an obvious attempt to snub the Federal commander.

'President Vargas directed him to communicate with General Monteiro, which he did, saying the rebel troops were refusing to continue the struggle, were forced to surrender, and were ready to accept any terms from General Monteiro.

"General Monteiro then replied, apparently returning the snub, that plans were already complete for the maintenance of order in S40 Paulo by the Forca Publica, which had abandoned the civil war, and for General Klinger to report to Federal head- quarters at Cruzeiro.

'"'Under these plans Colonel Carvalho, as temporary Military Governor of Sao Paulo, issued a manifesto to the Paulistas assuring them that continuance of the rebellion was futile because of the infinitely greater strength of the Federals and calling upon the volunteer soldiers to lay down their arms and help maintain order. General Daltro has been appointed Federal interventor at SAo Paulo and relieves Colonel Carvalho."

Filinares (A cel

NER YO "Mggarifios i Sin

U Kee hoz Of Saavedra

x < res 4 QQ Estergs $ a) RS 'o 2 Setinfunqued\ YU TRS OF 'Sorpresa oS

Where Fighting Still Continues

The line of forts along the Bolivia~-Paraguay boundary and in the disputed Gran Chaco region, where Bolivia is trying to wrest a river port from Paraguay.

! seene to assist the opposing commanders in reducing the danger of local fighting. The Council approved the action of the committee, but the peace efforts seem to have had very

little practical effect.

A sto Fort Boqueron, reported captured by the Paraguayans, La Paz (Bolivia) United Press cables tell of a general staff communiqué that Bolivian soldiers were again fighting Paraguayans near this fort.

In line with this news is comment from the La Paz press cabled to Tur Lirerary Dicsst. For one, La Razon de- clares that while Fort Boqueron fell before enormously superior forces, ''whose allies have been the hunger and thirst of a handful of defenders," ''the war has only now begun." Similarly minded is the El Diario of La Paz:

"The loss of Fort Boqueron will not be permanent. It is but an incident in the struggle which Bolivia has waged for half a century. Never more than now have the people been more

ready to respond to a call to defend the prestige of the country and possibly its future as a sovereign nation."

Casres from the Paraguayan press to Tur Lirrrary DicEst reveal El Orden in a mood of bitter complaint against Bolivia, whom it charges with having deceived the neutrals:

'""Byvery day the neutrals are losing prestige, and for that reason every day the likelihood of their intervention for peace proving fruitful grows less. From the outset the neutrals have vacillated, sometimes giving way before Bolivian pressure, and sometimes varying their conduct according to changing degrees of Bolivian audacity.

"Bolivia has fooled the neutrals with impunity, and will continue to fool them because they follow the policy of useless diplomatic notes and threats of moral condemnation which can not influence people who live beyond the pale, preferring to resort to war rather than law to obtain their ends."

18 TH: EF (La T-EsRAAIR a DaGeee an

Amsterdam's Anti-War Congress

IRST DESTROY CAPITALISM and automatically you put an end to war in this world.

That was the chief slogan of the so-called International Anti-War Conference lately held at Amsterdam, Holland, when, as the Soviet press claim, Soviet ideas ''won a sweeping moral victory."

The solemn manifesto adopted by the conference, and repro- duced by Jzvestia, official organ of the Soviet Government in

Moscow, declares war on capitalism, and then says:

""We swear to devote our efforts to the fight against armaments and against the preparation for imperialistic war, that is to say, to the struggle against the ruling classes, the war budgets,

A Cartoon Jab at Capitalism Capitalist Powers would make peace safe by chaining her to the powder barrel of national security.

--''De Notenkraker'' (Amsterdam).

which are a disgrace to humanity, and against the loans and taxes for armaments, the burden of which is being earried by the laboring masses."'

Ano officially organized on the initiative of ''the world's leading writers and scientists,' some European '"'bourgeois"' newspapers assure us that the unofficial sponsor of the con- ference was the Communist party of Moscow.

This much-advertised world Anti-War Congress, writes the Labor Correspondent of the Liberal Manchester Guardian, turned out to be, as its eritics said it would, mainly a ''Com- munist maneuver" to blacken Socialist and Labor bodies.

Even the Independent Labor party in England declined at the last minute to send representatives, and this British in- formant relates:

"The delegates numbered 2,184 from twenty-seven countries (759 being from Germany, 585 from France, only 78 from Brit- ain) and their 'party composition' was Communist party 830, Social Democratic 291, Trotzkyists 12, 'Left Socialists' 24, and the rest 'in the main were non-party.' "'

One of the gems of the manifesto, according to The Guardian's Labor correspondent, is the following:

"The Congress, before anything else, warns public opinion against the official institutions, and particularly the League of

OCTOBER Blin Wee 2

Nations, a direct product of the Imperialist Powers, and which in its pompous ceremonies pays lip-service to pacifism while it practises militarism in fact."

whess high spot of the manifesto, seemingly, is that the whole world is plotting a war against Soviet Russia, which is pursuing a 'tireless and systematic peace policy." On this point, the reproduction of the manifesto in Jzvestia enlightens us:

"The conference states that the capitalistic countries regard the Soviet Union as their common enemy whom they want to destroy. After a long series of wars, blockades, and armed provocations, carried on by the hirelings of the capitalistic Powers, these Powers now are preparing a crusade against the Socialistie State from the Far Hast.

"The conference also states that the capitalistic Powers are acting as participants in Japan's assault on China, and that, after the termination of that bloody assault, they are going to shed blood in the process of dividing the spoils secured there."'

German Students Still Dueling

N SPITE OF POLICE REGULATIONS, student dueling is still practised and still popularin some places in Germany. What is more, local police are said sometimes to attend

duels as interested spectators before going on duty.

The tangible reward for the students apparently is a reputa- tion for courage and a scarred face, which indicates the bearer has been a member in good standing of one of the student cor- porations, which are little more than social clubs with no appar- ent intellectual or athletic basis. This we learn from Paul Reilly, a contributor to the Manchester Guardian, who was an eye-witness of five o'clock in the morning duels in a village a few miles from a famous university town, which he declines to name. The dueling took place in the largest room of the village inn, and he tells us:

'*Before the fighting started the air was smoke-laden and heavy with the smell of iodin and other disinfectant. Medical students drest in white were moving about in the neighboring bar-parlor, which had been set up as the first-aid station.

''Twwo sereens at each end of the room partitioned off dressing- rooms, where the combatants prepared themselves in order to emerge as black, ungainly specters, with thick goggles to protect their eves and thick black padding covering their neck and arms.

''By contrast, and perhaps not only by contrast, their exposed cheeks looked chalk white. Long black leathern aprons, heavily stained from former fights, were worn from their chins to their knees.

"With each combatant came his second, equally padded and armed, but with a large steel mask over his head, and behind these, two more officials, one to hold up the sword arm between the rounds, so heavy are the sword and arm-shield, the other to wipe away the blood from the face when the referee should con- sider it was getting behind the goggles or was otherwise a handi- cap. No applause greeted their appearance and few formalities preceded the fighting."

Tis fighters took up their positions at what looked like a large rubber round sheet laid on the floor, we read, and faced each other squarely with legs apart. Then, from a distance of two yards from each other, they slashed at each other's heads with a quick, high circular motion. What skill there was in it, this informant writes, seemed to be rather in hitting the other ma

than in defending oneself, and he goes on: :

"It was explained in a whisper that parrying was not really effective as the blade would usually then whip over the guard and hit one on the back of the head, where the scar might not show and would therefore be wasted.

"The full length of a fight, one gathered, should be forty rounds of four quick consecutive blows each. . . . No fight, however, appeared to last more than ten rounds, by which time one or both of the combatants had been sufficiently sliced, in the eyes of the referee, to satisfy the honor of the corporation."

i,

.

LETTERS AND ART

LITERATURE 7 DRAMA 7 MUSIC 7

FINE-ARTS 7

EDUCATION *" CULTURE

Secret of Pavlowa

AVLOWA "POISONED THE PUBLIC," did she? Who says so but her husband, Mr. Dandré, who was manager, protector, adviser as well. He explained the phrase by enlarging 'that her personality threw out a sort of fluid which charged the atmosphere, infecting

_-- it with a sort of poison to which all the audience, but especially

the women in it, were susceptible."

Mr. Dandré was convinced that while the air was so charged, "Madame Pavlowa could do anything she pleased with an audience."

This report of Mr. Dandré is brought to us in a new book, "Fhlght of the Swan" Cie Dutton caCom= pany), by André Olivéroff and John Gill. Despite his Russian name, bestowed on him by the dancer her- self, Mr. Olivéroff is an American who figured in Pavlowa's company for ten years, and las produced an astonishingly intimate account of the Russian and her entourage.

oo Pavlowa's pow- ers as apoisoner, he admits that "that is one way of explaining her power.' He prefers to call it "a species of witcheraft,'' and the thousands in America, indeed in the whole wide world, who were shocked by the news of her death in January, 1931, will agree, even if,as Mr. Olivé- roff adds, it ''merely begs the question." For--

"Tt is as tho you were to ask a lover of poetry, 'Why is it that you are so moved by the ''Ode to a Nightingale'? What power was it Keats had that enabled him, by arranging a few ordinary words in a certain pattern, to affect you so profoundly?' and the person were to answer, 'Why ... Keats had a certain poison with which he infected his words, and when I read his ''Ode'' I am infected, hypnotized, by that poison!' Such an answer would not account for Keats's magic, nor does Mr. Dandré's account for Madame's, tho it does perhaps help to describe it. What was the exact nature of this strange power of hers and what its source?"'

"

Her ''poison,

Prortz called her a "'genius," but that word doesn't satisfy Mr. Olivéroff, because it is too general. He goes on:

'Anna Pavlowa did, nevertheless, possess certain quite nam- able qualities which helped make her unique, and lift her to the supreme position she held among the dancers of the world. Perhaps it would be as well, at this point, to mention some of these qualities:

"First, last, and all the time, there was the consummate perfection of her body--and her natural grace. It is surprizing, in this respect, to think of the number of dancers who have suc- ceeded through diligent training and hard work, but whose bodies were not at the outset naturally graceful, nor even especially well formed.

ee

Pavlowa, '"'the Poisoner," and Poppy

tho, was a "'species of witchcraft'? to which women were especially susceptible.

"Too often the dancer's calves are overdeveloped, throwing the whole body out of proportion, the breasts are too pronounced, or too flat, the neck too short for grace. For illustration of this, one has only to recall Degas's drawings of dancers, drawings delightful for their piquaney--and for their unquestionable realism. For Degas here presents us with a paradox; his bal- lerinas convey an unmistakable impression of grace, but it is a grace achieved, as it was in life by his models, in spite of thick ankles and a general robust squatness.

"'Pavlowa, on the contrary, was naturally graceful. almost to a fault. She had been overgraceful as a child. Tamara Karsa- vina, in her charming and instructive book, tells us that at the time of Madame's début, her teachers in St. Petersburg were fearful lest she should not have the strength neces- sary for a ballerina. 'It pained him (Guerdt),' says Karsavina, 'to see exe- cuted by the delicate limbs of Pavlowa what seemed consistent only with the hard-set musculature of the Italian dancer. He advised her not to strive after the effects that seemed to endanger her frail structure.

"<""Teave the acrobatic effects to others,'' Guerdt would say to her. ''It posi- tively hurts me to see the pressure of such steps put on your delicate instep. What you imagine to be your shortcomings are the rare qualities that single you out of thousands.'''

"But combined with this delicacy were a truly astonishing strength and endurance which quite be- lied the fears of her early masters. She was not thoroughly well during two-thirds of every month, but these indispositions did not seem to impair her physical endurance. She rarely went to bed before one or two in the morn- ing--and it was rare in- deed that she was not at work by 10 A. M.

"The proportion of her body was not only so perfect as to be uncanny, but any exaggerations at all were on the side of beauty, and especially of the ideal dancer's beauty; the long neck, the slender ankles and incredible feet, the small head, the hesitating line from the waist suggesting strength and yet essentially feminine."

F ew in her audience could know of the physical requirements to make a great dancer, and we are indebted to Mr. Olivéroff for his lucid explanation of what all of us saw and wondered at:

"Her body combined a surpassing delicacy with grace, and you might, if you so cared to analyze it, find in her swanlike neck and almost abnormally arched feet, that 'strangeness in the proportion' which is the requisite of all perfect beauty.

'In the wonderful arch of those feet lay a secret which no one, viewing Madame from the audience, was apt to diseover-- a secret which lent an untold subtlety to her work; her feet were so arched and so strong that when standing on one point she could actually shift her entire balance by moving the muscles ef her instep. This may seem a small thing, but it was one of the

many that contributed that perpetual slight novelty to her 19

dancing--allowing you never for an instant to tire of watch- ing her. ; "Then her face . . . so indeseribably expressive and seeming

to merge with the expressiveness of her body so that the whole was one single instrument; never an end in itself, remember, but an instrument of perfection upon which, with unceasing variety and nuance, her imagination played. For she had--and this was the very taproot of her art--a profound and trans- forming imagination."

NS the enthusiasm of a devotee Mr. Olivéroff asserts that "she could play upon the matchless instrument that was her body, every note in the scale of human emotions, and with it, it seemed, she could reveal each shading of human character. It was as tho she had a power of distilling the essence of every significant phase of experience--and, once she had distilled it, of presenting it to you in the clear chalice of her body in such a way that it was instantly recognizable." If you question this, he has the proofs:

'"When you saw her dance the 'Christmas Waltz' you would be reminded of things you had long ago forgotten, and experience again the tremulous expectancy of childhood; her 'Bacchanale' with its swift surge and beat and pagan abandonment, would make your heart pound and claim you wholly as a follower of the older gods; she would win laughter from you at the awkward coquetry of 'La Fille Mal Gardee'--laughter, too, the laughter of recognition, at the follies of the insatiably romantic old flirt in 'Rondino'; as the siren 'Cleopatre' she represented all the allure of bodily and worldly sophistication; and in the 'Oriental Ballet' she opened the door upon the splendid multicolored sins of the East; her wraithlike 'Giselle' awoke surpassing tenderness for the girl who was too frail a thing for earth--and in 'Swan,' 'Rose Mourante,' 'Dragon Fly,' and 'Autumn Leaves' she swept you, as on wings, into the vast world of nature, a world that suddenly, at the vitalizing touch of her genius, became articulate and full of meaning; so that the death of a swan became for you the symbol of all death, and the fluttering of a butterfly the symbol of all joy; and as a chrysanthemum was shattered before your eyes by the first withering blast of winter, you were moved--not to an exaggerated sentiment for the fading of a mere flower, but to a universal sense of the doom which lies hidden in all magnificent and beautiful things.

**She danced the ruin of the Russian Empire, which produced her, into all her numbers of Death.

'She was, then, one of the very few great artists of her epoch; and it almost seems to have been an accident of fate that she was a dancer at all--and almost a catastrophe, since she was doomed to work in so perishable a medium."

The Cover

HE series of portraits of Presidential candidates drawn from photographs for THe Lirrrary Diaust by its art director, hk. E. Leppert, is concluded with the portrait of Norman Thomas. Mr. Thomas is described by Claude Moore Fuess in Current History (New York) as ''plainly no black-bearded, red-shirted anarchist breathing fire and imprecations against the Govern- ment. . . . His spiritual kinship is with St. Francis. of Assisi, with Tolstoy, and with Gandhi, the immaculate idealists of the race." More materially:

"In physical appearance Mr. Thomas is becoming increasingly familiar to his countrymen, for he is frequently before them on the platform. He looks like a cultivated aristocrat, with his high-domed head--not unlike that of John Galsworthy--his thin gray hair, his narrow nose and sensitive nostrils, his firm lips and thoughtful blue-gray eyes.

"He is tall and slender, slightly stooped in the shoulders, neat and conventional in attire, and dignified in his bearings. He belongs to the Woodrow Wilson type, depending more upon logic than upon emotions, and his manner is faintly academic. He would fit naturally into the atmosphere of an English house party with Balfour and Asquith. He is emphatically a gentle- man. He has an ineradicable sense of humor with which he enlivens his arguments. About him there is something magnetic, and he has a charming smile."

T HET BRIA ROSE Dea

O'C'T-O B Ein, 15> eave

Cold-Shouldering Foreign Students

ORE THAN SEVEN HUNDRED STUDENTS at Columbia will be affected by the new ruling of William N. Doak, Secretary of Labor.

This ruling forbids foreign students admitted to this country on a non-quota basis to engage in vacation or part-time employ- ment to help them finance their education here.

Other institutions besides Columbia, including Cornell, Wes- leyan, New York University, and City College, New York, have, through their heads, sent vigorous protests to the Secretary, restating in various terms the objection of President Livingston Farrand of Cornell that the ruling is ''not only unfair but short- sighted and unwise from any point of view." ,

President Butler of Columbia stigmatizes the act as "'reac- tionary, stupid, and clearly against the interests of the American people and their influence in the world."

The ruling is mainly criticized for its retroactive effect, bring- ing disaster to students already in this country.

Te is further criticized by Dr. Stephen 8S. Duggan, director of the Institute of International Education, in the October 1 issue of the institute's bulletin, because Secretary Doak did not con- sult with competent educational authorities before issuing his edict. He writes:

"The fundamental issue at stake is whether the cultural relations of the United States with foreign countries should be to such an extent under the control and administration of a department of the Government which, almost of necessity, looks upon the matter primarily as one of employment."

Dr. Frederick B. Robinson, president of City College, New York, is thus quoted by the press:

""One of the most potent agencies for the promotion of inter- national understanding and good-will is the interchange of pro- fessors and students. It was in recognition of this truth that provision was made in the immigration law to exempt students duly accepted by accredited institutions of learning from the quota count. To construe student part-time employment as labor incompatible with the students' privileges of study is unwise and lacking in consideration.

"Our American students abroad are given every possible consideration and help by foreign governments and universities. They are not given less, but rather more privileges than the native students. It is obvious that we should allow our foreign guests all the advantages enjoyed by Americans enrolled at colleges and universities.

"The amount of work they can do is automatically limited by the requirements of the colleges themselves, and it is part of their educational experience.

"Tts influence on our labor problem is negligible. Furthermore, the period of residence is limited. There is no valid reason for depriving the foreign boys and girls of advantages enjoyed by our own and many reasons for granting them a fair amount of

latitude. It is to be hoped that the law will be interpreted broadly and generously."

Gorky's Dubious Honor

uC IZHNI-NOVGOROD" calls up a long pageant of pic- tures of old Russia; but what does ''Gorki" evoke but drab pictures of the gloomy Mujiks of dying Czardom? Yet Soviet Russia has taken away the ancient name of this city of central Russia and renamed it in honor of its chief literary defender.

Arthur Brisbane of the New York American sees here a humor- ous incongruity:

' . . . ;

~ Maxim Gorki's genius deserves any reasonable honor, but Nizhni-N ovgorod does not deserve to lose its ancient, romantic Bay and Gorki probably will be first to protest against the change.

fy 2. TN : To Nizhni-Novgorod's great fair traders came from all over:

OT CraOrbas Rect 5! 179.3 2

Mongolia and Russia. There, the strange creature, Ivan the Terrible, inflicted some of his worst brutalities on men and women, including nuns.

"It was bad enough to take from St. Petersburg the name of the Czar who created the city and the power of modern Russia. to name it for Lenin.

"To rechristen ancient Nizhni-Novgorod is as bad as it would

be to rename Venice 'Lagoonville,' or rechristen the Taj-Mahal "My Best Girl.'"'

Not Floyd Gibbons

T SEEMS TO BE A FASHION TO-DAY to put our journalists on the stage or in the movies.

So the conclusion was reached in some quarters that Floyd Gibbons is the foreign correspondent portrayed in "Clear All Wires,' by Mr. and Mrs. Spewack, running in New York.

But Perey Hammond, of The Herald Tribune, with an ironical note of his own, squelches the rumor '"'as a eanard, hurtful to the pro- bity of the theater and em- barrassing to Mr. Gibbons and the authors."

Such '"'exterior similar- ities"' between the two char- acters as exist, he declares, are scarcely skin deep."

""The herald in the play is disposed to be a faker, while Mr. Gibbons is notori- ous from Montauk to the Golden Gate for the integ- rity of his dispatches. As one of his former associates I can testify that it is his passionate creed to report the doings of the universe aright, consecrated to ac- euracy and the abhorrence of radioed or cabled false- hoods. It may be his weak- ness at times to overdress the naked truth in dramatic embroideries, and to make his own role in the cosmic pageant the principal one. Nevertheless, his winged feet seldom stray from the broad paths of credibility, and his winged words are never altogether unreliable."

now

Reapers of Top LITERARY

Digest do not need to be introduced to its first radio voice, and Mr. Hammond is at pains to show how he couldn't be mistaken for the figure in the play:

"'Tts hero, represented with serious ribaldry by Mr. Thomas Mitchell, is a spectacular and irresponsible newsman operating in Moscow. Having seduced the chorus-girl mistress of his owner, editor, and publisher, he finds himself on perilous terms with that magnate, and a victim of the jealous hostility of his rival correspondents.

'"'He is breezy, handsome, and endowed with all the myriad charms of a journalist; when news is scant he sets about to manufacture it. Deciding that an attempted assassination is essential to his career, he contrives a phony murder and orders his faithful secretary to shoot a spurious Romanoff in the fleshy part of his right shoulder.

'A farcical chaos follows, with Mr. Mitchell emerging there- from, blustering, bombastious, defiant to facts, and not very much like Floyd Gibbons. When his future, in the last scene,

Make Way for "Buckley Joyce Thomas"

The Moscow correspondent, played in a Floyd Gibbons vein by Thomas Mitchell, who claims precedence for his dispatches.

ieier Clee RIA RYDGES T 24

seems dark and cloudy, Mr. Hearst wires him an appointment as Hearst envoy to Cathay, and he accepts it as the curtain falls reluctantly. "Close in his arms at the voluptuous terminal is Miss Dorothy Se whose well-played réle is that of a lady who should know etter."

ae Mr. Mitchell was helped in his impersonation by the gusty personality of Mr. Gibbons, even Mr. Hammond is forced to admit:

"T resented his innocent and remote hints that he was Floyd Gibbons, so deceitful were their results.

"Still, it rustled some autumnal leaves of memory and caused me to recall the days when I, an undisciplined underling on Mr. Gibbons's staff in Paris, accompanied him on his newsy enter- prises.

'"Among' my souvenirs I have the helmet through the brim of which a German bullet penetrated, destroy- ing one of Mr. Gibbons's eyes, as he led the Marines across Belleau's bloody wheat field. There are only seven other of these hats in existence.

""T remember when, with my assistance, he scooped the world on President Wilson's trip to Reims, I doing all the work, he direct- ing it and issuing obeyed commands to the French telegraphers at the Bourse to clear all wires.

"He, perhaps, forgets the afternoon when, with sturdy loyalty to the Marines, he reprimanded Colonel Mott, U.S. A., as that embassy warrior was telling Bernard Baruch, on a gaunt meadow hard by Meaux, that the Marines were toy soldiers. And that November evening in an estaminet in Bour- esches, when he put the jaw- bone of a killed Prussian in my ulster pocket, and laughed at my shivering discomfiture when I found it there.

"T deserted Mr. Gibbons later, having become over- awed by his spacious un- dertakings. He summoned me one day to his head- quarters in Paris, shook me by the hand, congratulated me on my good fortune, and told me of his plans. 'You will fly to-morrow,' said he, 'from Paris to Berlin, thence to Rome, and from there back to Paris again, dropping your written impressions at such points as you may deem suitable.'

''T ean see him now as, in faultless uniform, a white patchon his blind eye, dramatic, imaginative, and visionary, he pointed spaciously to a map on the wall and said: 'Perce, I make Europe your playground!' The map, by the way, was of South America. I caught an Army Cadillac that night to Brest, and bade adieu to Gibbons.

'"Mr. Shumlin, the director of 'Clear All Wires,' has a clair- voyant knack of selecting the right players for the right roles. Like Mr. Gilbert's Pygmalion, he is

One whose noble work it is

To call the senseless actor into life. Where he gets them, I do not know. Most of them have been invisible heretofore to the keen eye of the drama-lover. The casting of 'Clear All Wires' is magic, and among its players are talented mimes, unknown previously to a theatergoer who has been around these corners, man and boy, for twenty years."'

RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE "Angels of Darkness" on the Campus at Chapel Hill

ce OLONEL TARHEEL OF NORTH CAROLINA, suh. In New York on a little visit. Fine town and fine people, but the cookin' 's terrible."

We placed a chair for the Colonel, still straight and hale despite his years, and, sympathizing with him on the cooking, asked to be of service.

"T thought you would be kind enough to tell me more about this trouble I hear they're havin' down at Chapel Hill,'' said the Colonel. They say my friend, Dr. Frank Graham, president of the University of North Carolina, is allowing Communistie lec- turers to preach free love to the students and insult the South.

"And I hear the students are running things ad lib--ad libido, you might say," he chuckled.

'But I don't believe the boys and girls of to-day are half as bad as they're painted," he hastened to add. '"'T was a boy once myself." His blue eyes sparkled as he became reminiscent.

He came back: "Why, I've known the Grahams for years. Knew Fred's father before him--Dr. Alexander Graham. In the same regi- ment with him. He's just celebrated his birthday, with eighty-eight candles. He was a student at the University back in the '60's, after the war, and after that he came up here and taught Greek, and studied law at Columbia. He still goes round and talks to the boys and girls in the public schools.

"Well, what's all this plague-taked talk about, anyway?"

Copyright by Inte:

Keep the Windows Open

The University of North Carolina,

says President Frank Graham to

the critics, will never shut the windows to outside light.

Henz's the story for the Colonel, his friends, and others:

The excitement is caused by a petition presented to Gov. O. Max Gardner by L. A. Tatum, asking the Governor to ''take the initiative"' in preventing the ''angels of darkness" in the persons of Bertrand Russell, English philosopher, and Langston Hughes, Negro poet, from lighting again on the campuses at Chapel Hill and Greensboro. The one is the home of the University of North Carolina; the other, of the North Carolina College for Women.

In their lectures to the students and in their writings both men have offended the religious and traditional susceptibilities of the petitioners.

"Their lives and writings violate the very decencies of life and the most sacred things of our hearts,'' says the address accom- panying the petition.

Russell's philosophy is described as ''the reincarnation of paganism, drest up in invyeigling and seductive non-Biblical terms, and properly branded as neo-paganism [which is] rated by eminent writers as being far more destructive of civilization than the old paganism." In support of this the document quotes from an editorial in The Southern Textile Bulletin, which calls Russell a "profest disbeliever in God, advocate and practiser of free love." From the same paper is quoted an editorial bitterly criticizing Langston Hughes for making "insulting remarks about the people of the South" in an article endeavoring to enlist

22

sympathy for the nine Alabama Negroes convicted of assaulting two white girls on a freight-train. The editorial also quotes from a poem by Langston Hughes depicting Christ as "'a Nigger on the Cross of the South."

"His poetry as well as his speaking," said The Daily Tar Heel after Hughes's address to students of the University of North Carolina, ''is the expression of a clear and sincere spirit." The Daily Tar Heel is the official student publication at Chapel Hill.

Publications at the University, long heralded, we are told, as the center of liberalism among colleges and universities, are pointed to as ''straws that show whither tho wind is blowing-- toward Moscow--and whence it is coming--the classrooms of the University."

To cap the climax, the address to the Governor points to an ''increase from 1915 to 1930 in N. C. State Prison commitments of 474 per cent., exclusive of Prohibi- tion violators,'' and says:

"And why should we mar- vel when, in America, even in the once boasted 'Bible Belt of the South,' and even in North Carolina, many prominent educators garland with roses men like Bertrand Russell, both in person and through the agency of text- books and library reference books employed, and bid the youth of our land sit at his feet and hear the words of wisdom that proceed from his mouth: 'This Pied Piper to the tune of whose seductive

intornaebei Declines to Act

' Gov. O. Max Gardner, who re- strains vast throngs have fuses to ''take the initiative'

danced, and are dancing, in against freedom at the University blind and riotous revelry to of North Carolina.

the hell on earth which

awaits his followers. The earthly hell wherein lurk carnality and crime, slavery and suffering, disease and death.'"'

ce petition is signed by 300 people. Among them are several Mayors, including Mayor Charles Lambeth of Charlotte; lead- ing churchmen and ministers, including Bishop J. Kenneth Pfohl, of Winston-Salem, head of the Southern Province of the Moravian Chureh; newspaper men, among whom is Col. Wade H. Harris, editor of the Charlotte Observer; business men, in- cluding J. B. Efird and W. H. Belk, by county officials and others.

Governor Gardner declined to ''take the initiative," as re- quested, and referred the matter to the Board of Trustees of the University.

The university, President Graham told a Raleigh men's Bible class, will never shut the windows to outside light, and will never close the book of knowledge. That, says The News and Observer, has been construed as an answer to the critics of the University.

When he was inaugurated president, the same paper reminds us, Dr. Graham declared that "freedom of the University means freedom of the scholar to find and report the .truth honestly, without interference by the University, the State, or any interests whatever."

From the sprightly Chapel Hill Weekly, which is edited by Louis Graves, a native North Carolinian, and formerly on the staff of the New York Times, we read that the petition presented

OIG O Bark, 1185-21 9.3°2

by Mr. Tatum is not his first essay in this field of endeavor. He made similar accusations against the Florida State College for Women four years ago, addressing them to the Tallahassee Chamber of Commerce. That body rebuked him for his effort.

es attack against the two North Carolina institutions is im- portant, probably, chiefly because it shows a South rather tired of attempts to scotch freedom of expression. It was the proud boast of North Carolina that it was "first at Gettysburg and last at Appomattox,'' and since then, history records, it has made rapid progress, educationally and industrially. It was Walter Hines Page, to give a more recent focal point, who aroused the State to its responsibility for "the forgotten man" and gave a giant's impetus to the cause of education.

"It was inevitable," says the Raleigh News and Observ- er, "that the reactionary eco- nomic forces in North Carolina should oppose President Gra- -- ham's economic liberalism."

The Raleigh paper concedes that many good men and women will be found in the ranks of this assault on the two institutions, but, it says emphatically:

"More than any section of America, the South has suffered from the stifling of freedom of thought and speech.

"To-day the South is begin- ning, and only beginning, to emerge from the cloud of igno- rance deliberately put upon it by the economic overlords of the Old South. Any movement which would bring again delib- erate ignorance to the South, under any guise, is a move- ment directed not only at colleges and universities but at the enlightenment of the whole people of the South."

Keystone-Underwood

Recalling some famous dissenters of history and those '"'radi- cals'? who signed the Mecklenburg Declaration, the Durham Sun asserts that ''the State of North Carolina is safe. The University of North Carolina is safe. Away with pillories," it urges. "Set The North State must not go to witch-

")

up no stocks or stakes. burning."

'"A real university, one that deserves the title,' Rocky Mount Telegram, ''is more than a place where youths shall learn what their fathers learned and assume the same outlook on life that their fathers assumed."

?

says the

Bor a strong protest arises in Tennessee, where the Scopes trial is still remembered.

The situation complained of in North Carolina, says the Mem- phis Commercial A ppeal, is not single to that State. Berating the teachings of Communism, this old-school paper says:

'Hor the greater part the educational fads chat are offensive to intelligent people are nothing else than a reversion to primitive- ness rather than an advance through new conceptions to new ideas. These fads are repulsive to forward-looking people as much because they are antiquated as because they seek to wreck the modern structure of society.

"The great majority have been tried and found wanting. So why waste time, energy, money, and experience in their repetition?"'

agent lee Ren Y © Dil GES T

One of the "Angels of Darkness"'

You wouldn't think it to look at his fatherly attitude here. Bertrand Russell, British scientist, who has brought contention to North Carolina with his '"'philosophy of paganism."

28

Now the "Depression College"

OYS WHOSE DADDIES' JEANS are practically inno- cent of everything but the marks of toil--considered lucky at that--may have the chance to go to college in

spite of the depression. A few of them, anyway.

The higher institutions of learning opening to them are "depression. colleges.' change

,

They are to be operated as a fair ex- the boys are to fill the stomachs of the professors while the professors fill the heads of the boys.

Such a ''depression college" is being opened this month at Port Royal, Virginia, by Dr. A. C. C. Hill, Jr., formerly a fellow of the Brookings and professor of economics at Springfield College, Massachu- setts. The plan, writes Harry Ferguson, United Press staff correspondent, in the Charlotte Sunday Observer, has enlisted the aid of such prominent men as Under-Secretary of State William R. Castle and Dr. John Henry MacCracken, associate director of the American Coun- cil on Edueation.

Dr. Hill has leased two manor housesandanabandoned town hall for the college. The undergraduate body, we read, will probably be limited to 100. The inclusive fee for each student will be $250, covering all living expenses as well as tuition. The students will care for their own rooms and will take turns in such duties as waiting on table and washing dishes.

Institution

is Dies basic idea of the de- pression college is simplicity itself," says Dr. Hull. "It is designed to eut the vicious circle whereby unemployment increases among college teachers as the result of financial diffi- culties in the families of college students.' The faculty will consist of twenty teachers, who will be unpaid, but will receive room and board and opportunity to continue their own pro- fessional studies in a congenial environment. The college will grant no degrees, but will give certificates on the basis of ex- aminations.

Of course, there won't be any football or baseball teams. The major sports will be fishing and hunting in the near-by streams and fields, which will fill the double purpose of providing exercise and food. Brunswick stew is a tasty dish in Virginia in the fall of the year, and no Brunswick stew is complete unless it contains a substantial amount of squirrel meat.

Another such school is established at Natrona, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazeite tells us. Forty students in a church basement, with a blackboard, some books, and ''an indomitable determina- tion to learn," is the school. When times improve, we are told, they hope to move to more pretentious quarters.

''Princeton University of to-day grew from Gilbert Tennent's little Log College at the Forks of the Neshaminy, in Eastern Pennsylvania,' The Post-Gazette reminds us. "'A still simpler academy was visioned in the picture of Mark Hopkins sitting on one end of a log, with his pupil at the other. Much of what Woodrow Wilson called the side-show in our college system is

2A TAPE Eg

eood in itself; but," continues the Pittsburgh paper sympatheti- cally, "'the essentials of education are simple and easily attain- able by the student who is in earnest."

So the ''depression college" is not to be laughed at, for all that its corner-stone is hope.

Ir may be difficult for Dr. Hill, says the Washington Evening Star, but the paper gives him credit for making the attempt, and wagers that if he is successful others will follow his. example. And then, we are reminded:

'Great endowments are not imperative to great schools. Even in the twentieth cen- tury, when magnificent buildings have been reared throughout the land to shelter the pursuit of learning, and vast quantities of money have been poured into university and eollege treasuries in support of every variety of scholarship and research, small institutions with meager funds have been doing wonderful things.

"The students who came to Anselme and Abelard, to Dons Scotus and William Oceam, to Roger Ascham and John Colet, were impecunious to the point of beggary, but, perhaps for that very reason, they were earnest and sincere.

"American youth, however poverty- stricken, is just as avid for cultural advan- tages to-day as EKuropean youth was six or eight centuries ago." :

''Wrom such efforts,' agrees the Nashville Tennessean, ''might come some great and lasting benefit to education. The school which has all the material needs suppled without effort is not always the successful school when mea- sured by the true yardstick."

Copyright by E)liott & Fry, Lta.

Our Moral Unpreparedness

AN IS ETHICALLY UNPREPARED for the bounty which the cornucopia of the engineers has shaken 'over the earth, says one of the greatest of them.

Surveying the scene of plenty where so many must go hungry, he can only hope that the prodigal at the wheel can learn to master himself, lest he be crusht by the machine of material progress.

And a philosopher-historian, sorrowing over the moral slump into which we have fallen, tells us it is useless to lift our curses against the sky. We can raise the common level only as each citizen raises his own.

Out of the tumult these prophets rise. They are not alone, as a cursory reading of current serious literature will show. Casting up accounts in this time of reckoning, they find that man's material gains have been at the risk of his immortal soul. What shall he do to be saved?

Looking at all our mechanical progress, Sir Alfred Ewing, president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, is confronted by a sense of perplexity and frustration, as '"'in one who has gone a long way and finds he has taken the wrong turning."' As '"'an old exponent of applied mechanics"-- Sir Alfred is seventy-seven--he is disillusioned ''with the sweep- ing pageant of discovery and invention" in which he used to take unbounded delight.

"Whither?" is his anxious query. In the World War Sir Alfred used his ingenuity to decipher enemy messages, but he confesses himself unable to interpret the cipher of man's advance.

"It is impossible not to ask,'"' he said in his address to the Association, ''whither does this tremendous procession tend? What, after all, is its goal? What is the probable influence on the future of the human race?"'

Man Still Morally Unfit

Says Sir Alfred Ewing, British scientist, who is disillusioned with '"'the sweep- ing pageant of discovery."

RYT DU Giesal O'G*THO Biel Ralgere

The engineers have dowered us with "previously unpossest and unimagined capacities and powers. Beyond question many of these gifts are benefits to man, making life fuller, wider, healthier, richer in comforts and interests and in such happiness as material things can promote," says Sir Alfred:

"But we are acutely aware that the engineer's gifts have been and may be grievously abused. In some there is potential tragedy as well as present burden.

''Man was ethically unprepared for so ercat a bounty. In the slow evolution of morals he is still unfit for the tremendous responsibility it entails. The command of nature has been put into his hands before he knows how to command himself."

Dane man hope for such spiritual better- ment as will qualify him to use the leisure he has won through the machine? Sir Alfred's advice is that man must first learn '"'to command himself." Another said a long time ago: ''He that ruleth his spirit is better than he that taketh a city."

In like tenor James Truslow Adams, who moralizes on the American scene. In an article in Scribner's Magazine, '' America's Lost Opportunity: A Message to Amer- icans,"' this renowned observer finds that two of the chief causes of our moral collapse which accompanied our economic debacle are lack of knowledge and lack of character.

'As part of the development of character we have got to place a higher value on other things in life than money and standards of living," says Mr. Adams:

'In countless homes in America to-day there must be going on a serious questioning of what it is that makes life worth while, and what is really worth striving for. My own opinion is that there are plenty of us who are getting fed up with the philosophy of life of the past decade and with the position which our country occupies, with its crime, its lawlessness, its dis- graceful politics, its abandonment of ideals, its loss of prestige and honor abroad and at home. . . .

"There is no use in railing at America, or expecting her to take her proper position in the world, unless each of us as citizens makes an effort to make his own life worth while on the basis

of values which are not wholly material. . . . The nation can not transcend the level of its citizens."'

St. Paul's Ban Lifted in St. Paul's

i VERY woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head

uncovered dishonoreth her head: for that is even all one as if she were shaven," said St. Paul in his First Epistle to the Corinthians.

But now, in St. Paul's Cathedral in London, the ancient ban has been lifted. Women who go to visit or worship in the cathe- dral may leave their hats at home. the weather.

Canon S. A. Alexander of St. Paul's, we read in the English press, said to some interviewers that no objection is made to women taking off their hats in the cathedral in warm weather. It was rather sultry in London at the time.

'We know that a great number of visitors from all parts of the world come to St. Paul's,'"' said the canon, ''and there is no desire to interfere with women who do not wish to wear hats. We do not intend to take any action concerning hatless women who are present at the Cathedral services." .

On the other hand, we read in the London Daily Express, an English country magistrate told a woman that she ought to be thoroughly ashamed of herself for giving evidence without a hat.

"Tt is," he said, "a most disreputable proceeding."'

But it is as a concession to

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No PacKarRD TWIN-SIXx buyer ever has to "'break in'' his car. He can drive it as fast and as far as he cares to from the very first minute he gets it.

For Packard takes each individual Twin-Six to its Proving Grounds and there, on the world's fastest concrete speedway, scientifically breaks it in.

This means that during its first 250 miles--the most important miles in the life of any automobile--your Twin-Six is in the hands of experts--men who understand every whisper of a motor car. In their hands, 250 miles is a thor- ough breaking-in for any car.

This test is made, not with a bare chassis, but with a complete car, fully

PACKARD #

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equipped. If any adjustments are neces- sary, Packard engineers see that they are made. Packard engineers give the motor its final thorough tuning. When these men sign the Certificate of Approval and seal it to the key of a Packard Twin- Six, that car has the best possible start for a long, trouble-free life. It is ready for the sternest usage you may give it. No other American manufacturer goes so far in preparing a motor car for its owner. This test is Packard's alone. It is the final endorsement that the Twin- Six you receive is the finest automobile that men can build and money buy. Packard honestly believes that the Twin-Six will give you a motoring sen-

sation such as you never had before. Packard would like to have you drive and ride in this car. Whether you have any immediate intention of buying or not, visit your Packard show-room and drive a Twin-Six. Listen to the quietest motor ever designed. Drive with less effort than you have ever known. Then put this car to every test you can think of--traffic, speed, hills, rough roads-- and watch it do better what other fine cars do well.

The Packard Twin-Six is priced from $4150 at Detroit. Packard also offers the DeLuxe Eight from $3350; the Standard Eight from $2350; thenew Packard Eight from $1895. Prices subject to change.

ASK THE MAN WHO OWNS ONE

THE LITERARY DIGESH

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Winning 3 times the demand of any Cal

When a motor car gains such high favor as Buick -- winning three times the demand of any other car priced above #1000, plus owner loyalty so great that nine out of ten owners buy Buicks again and again--then you naturally want to judge that motor car carefully.

You want to know why it's so well liked. You want to check its quality yourself. And so, for your own advantage, we suggest that you see and drive a Buick before buying any car, regardless of price.

When you look at the Buick Eight, you'll find that it's a big car--a beautiful car--a distinguished car --

with a Body by Fisher of which you can be reall! proud --with lines, colors, upholsteries and appoint ments which stamp it unmistakably as a motor car fo men and women who appreciate fine things.

And when you drive the Buick Straight Eight yo will find evidence aplenty of why Buick wins suc warm preference--evidence which will convince yo that you can never again be content with any lesser cai

For this powerful Valve-in-Head Straight Eigt whisks you ahead of traffic in less time than it takes t say it--flashes along the highway at extraordinary spee

PiGHrO BERe=15,° 1932

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ticed above sI000

-: the road with that Buick tenacity which spells al safety--and handles with rare ease, due to Wizard dntrol, including Automatic Clutch, Controlled Free "heeling and Silent-Second Syncro-Mesh.

And remember--you can drive your Buick month ter month and year after year with absolute assur- ice that it will continue to serve you in this same pable Buick way. For Buicks are built, not only excel, but to endure. The proof is that Buick after uick is still serving after having given 150,000 iles and more of fine, dependable performance.

Remember, too, that Buick ownership is now well

within your reach -- for Buick offers 26 models in the $1000 to $2000 field--many of them costing little more per month than a low-priced car. And you can pay on liberal G.M.A.C. terms. Come, drive a Buick--and we'll cheerfully and confidently leave the verdict to you.

STLRAIGH T B U ICK EIGHTS F Grip TN Bo Re oan 3 s

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The fine car in the $1000 to $2000 price field. Available on liberal G. M. A. C. terms. - WHEN BETTER AUTOMOBILES ARE BUehur. eDULCK WILL BUILLD "Bei

UNSOLICITED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DEPARTMENT CAN NOT BE RETURNED.

W B are calling for leadership, and Mr. Howe has a hint about where to find it.

In The Atlantic Monthly: THE LEADER

By M. A. DEWotre Hower

I see it all now: when I wanted a king, "T was the kingship that failed in myself I was seeking. --LOWELL

Is there a voice that can pierce the hideous welter

Of sound that has quenched the old song of the spheres?

Is it that man has reared him a house without

shelter For wanderers blindly unled through a forest of

fears?

Alas for the want of a leader! Oh where to find

him, Kingly of mien and thought--all waiting his voice In world and nation and town! What hordes behind him

Would rally with hope, what sunken hearts would rejoice!

Seek him within: it is you, itis I, that are wanting! Whom shall we know for a chief who never have seen One in our hearts, nor marched with the songs of his chanting-- Songs of the _ selfless, serene?

generous, brave, and

Be it He of the Cross, be his form of another making-- Only be sure that each in his soul sees clear The shape of a leader all worthy to follow, up- taking His arms when the long-waited captain of men shall appear.

For what were a leader with none that are ripe for the leading, To hail him as chief, to fare in his starlit way? Seek him and make him within, his image heeding, Till shadow be substance, and darkness the splendor of day!

a rr

Hiren in The Commonweal (New York) is, perhaps, the veritable breath of a summer morning:

CHILDHOOD By Frances Frost

A slow and fiery bird, the sun

Flew upward, and the dark was done;

A bronze-voiced locust stretched his throat Into a long and tightened note,

And morning shook with myriad sound: A silver cricket; three crows bound Toward upper woods; wild bees in clover; And flinging a swift-winged shadow over The grass, a meadow-lark who fell

Into her hidden nest. The spell

Of sun lay wide upon the hill;

I ran beneath the light until

Laughter rose within my heart

And pushed its fragile walls apart!

Summer, like a furious tide,

Broke upon the mountainside,

And, lifted in a blossoming foam, | Swept upward from the aching loam: Standing with glad and outstretched hands I cried to all the golden lands, Beholding beauty with such faith

As will outlast the touch of death, Beholding without doubts or fears The burning summers of my years, Knowing such happiness and pain As will not come to me again. . . ,

'

Sous call them ''naturals." They, them-.

selves, know better. Doesn't this prove it? In Kaleidograph (Dallas) :

NEIGHBORS By Lexrt Dran ROBERTSON

I live in a grey house

In a grey town:

Five streets up and eastward, And three south and down.

All my neighbors shun me;

They think I am queer.

I have seen them lift their brows And whisper, ''My dear... ."'

They needn't say

That my cupboard is bare, Because it holds the nest Of a shy wood hare.

They needn't think

That I talk to myself Because they heard a daffodil Laughing on a shelf.

How could I help it

That someone came too soon And caught me dancing With the little new moon?

Why should it matter That behind my door I keep a rainbow Tied to the floor?

They are the queer ones

With their jealous eyes;

I who talk with wood and sky Am very very wise.

W ITHOUT being literal, the implication for to-day is not to be overlooked. In Embryo (Cleveland) :

THESE THINGS ARE STRONG By Heien FRAZzEE-BOWER

These things are strong, when other strong things fail: The urge that quickens grass; the deep still tides Of ocean; and, beneath a sweeping gale, The slender reed that bows, and still abides; The granite peaks of silence; and the tie That binds the heart of woman, ages-long, To petal-softness and a first frail ery Making her mother, These are the things most strong.

The strength of ships goes down before a storm, The strength of athletes meets the dust at last; But when familiar strong things crumble, warm Your confidence with sight of these, hold fast To these and sing; for these things, and a song That rises from discouragement, are strong.

'Tue poetic quality of this saves it from too much of the despairing overtone. In Embryo (Cleveland) :

Oe By Rospert Mercatr HARTWELL

This 1s the end of all our songs:

Sorrow and death and a lonely grave; Whether with rich or poor he throngs, This is the end of all our songs.

Whether for love or fame he longs;

Whether he's cowardly, shrewd or brave This is the end of all our songs:

Sorrow and death and a lonely grave.

"~~ CURRENT POETRY

UNPUBLISHED POETRY UNAVAILABLE

A FANTASY that leaves you without solu- tion, but piques. In Driftwind (Mont- pelier) :

NEVER THE TWAIN SHALL MEET By LizitH LorRRAINE

Yours was the soul of the lotus And mine was the heart of the rose, But the Western sages tell us

And the Eastern Master knows

That the gods in their starry heavens And the fiends in their sulphurous hell Have sworn that the Rose and the Lotus Forever apart must dwell.

So they hedged you round with mountains And with oceans prisoned me, But you came over the mountains

.And I came over the sea--

And we met one night on the moon-path Where the moon-witch loves to nod-- She who is wiser than Satan,

She who is older than God;

And she wedded us there in the half-light, White Lotus and scarlet Rose--

But the vows that we made on the moon-path Neither God nor the devil knows,

Tx a world of change, let us consider things that are constant. Here's one in Trails (Esperance, N. Y.):

CLOVER By Louise DriscoLu

Wherever the first clover blooms With honey in its heart,

Golden bees will find the way To ply their ancient art.

No winter's ever long enough To breed forgetfulness, -

To make the clover selfish Or the bee love less.

Nations forget their pacts And men_go separate, No tie like this exists In any State.

Cycles of years go on Into millenniums,

And still where clover blooms The gold bee comes,

Lele is a genuine appreciation of "an oft-disregarded scene. In The Will o' the Wisp (Suffolk, Va.):

INLAND VILLAGE

By Maraarer EK. BRuNER

This is their world; this portion of the earth Means much to them--nay, do not mock nor

jeer; This spot has held the things to them most dear: Their earliest dreams, their sorrows and their mirth.

Who enters it must never count the worth

Of homes in terms of gold lest he appear

As one whose heart is sadly out of gear-- Who holds no reverence for their place of birth.

Evenings come gently, housewives turn to light Their lamps and spread the table's simple fare: Then comes the friendly clicking of a gate That marks the day's soft blending with the night, And all the little houses seem to wear A peace unknown to mansions of the great,"

%

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A WARNING on your market page

Today the danger of "bar- gain" tires is more acute for a reason which you can check by turning to the market page. The prices of cotton and crude rubber-- the raw materials used in making tires--are much higher now than they were four months ago. With raw materials going up, quality must sink still lower in tires built with only price in mind.

In this year of screaming prices the tire which outsells any other tire in the world, which occupies by far the largest bracket of Goodyear production--is not its low- est price tire--not even its next lowest price tire--but its world-famed, time-tested, high- quality standard Goodyear All- Weather. In this year, as in every year for the past seventeen, the public places goodness above price and buys the best-known and surest value.

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OR months now the public has been bom-

barded with "bargains." Cheap goods at cheap prices. Quality sliced, value ignored, to "beat com- petition to the business."

In most lines of business the only penalty of buy- ing shoddy bargains is disappointment.

But it may cost you more than cash to buy shoddy tires.

When the struggle for lower tire prices whittles down the quality--when safety is sacrificed to chisel a few cents out of the selling price--the customer stakes his tiny saving of money against possible loss of life and limb--against injury, or worse, for himself and his family.

Who sheds the blood in this battle .of bargains?

The unwary purchaser who thinks "all tires are about alike' and buys only on price.

Because Goodyear buys the most materials, be- cause Goodyear builds the most tires, it is plain common sense to say that Goodyear is able to put the greatest value and the greatest safety into every tire which bears the Goodyear name.

This is no news to millions of car owners. They know the truth of these statements so well that more people ride on Goodyear Tires than on any other kind--and have for seventeen years.

Doesn't sensible caution as well as thrift put this question in your mind: "Why take chances with any second-choice tire when first-choice costs no moreP"

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

A Two-Eyed Camera for Judging Races

HE KIRBY TWO-EYED CAMERA, used officially in

timing speed events at the National Air Races in Cleve-

land, is a combination motion-picture camera and timing

device that photographs with mathematical accuracy in 1/100 seconds both the finish of a race and the time of finish.

It was developed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories under

Finish and Time of the 100-Meter Final At the Xth Olympiad, as photographed and recorded by the Kirby

Two-Eyed Camera. Tolan in foreground.

the sponsorship of Gustavus T. Kirby, Chairman of the Olympic Games Committee, and was used last spring, for the first time, at track meets. Later it was employed in the recent Olympic Games at Los Angeles. Says a press bulletin issued by Elec- trical Research Products, Inc. (New York):

"The two-eyed camera had its inception about five years ago. Kirby and others, looking at a motion-picture record of the finish of an intercollegiate race, realized that second place had been won by aman who had not even been placed by the judges. From that moment he realized that a more rigid method of determining race finishes and timing was necessary.

''He worked on the idea for several years and succeeded in producing a timer, but realized the limitations of a stop-watch as the source of time. Officials of Electrical Research Products had a similar project in mind. Realizing that the company's facilities at the Bell Telephone Laboratories would solve the problem, Kirby turned his project over to them for completion.

"The two-eyed camera, as it is used to-day, aims to offer three specific improvements over previous methods of judging and timing: a photographie record of the order of finishing and time of the event; mathematical accuracy that eliminates average human fallibility, and ability to time in 1/100 seconds instead of 1/10 seconds as existing stop-watches do with difficulty. In air races a difference of one-tenth of a second is far too great for accurate timing.

"Fundamentally the two-eyed camera revolves around a tuning-fork clock so precisely built as to register time accurately to 1/100 of a second. Three concentric dials keep time, one registering minutes, another seconds, and a third one-hundredth seconds. These dials are connected by wires to the starter's gun so that they begin to revolve the moment the hammer of the starter's gun clicks. When the race is started by a flag, the camera photographs the starter's flag as it is waved and the electric clock registers the time photographically on the same film. In events such as the three-kilometer speed trials, where the start and finish lines are not at the same point, two cameras are operated synchronously by electrical interlocking, one at the starting point, the other at the finish line.

"The camera is a motion-picture camera capable of shooting 128 frames a second. The dials revolve from the moment the race starts. The camera is operated as the participants approach 30

the finish line. Through a double lens it photographs both the participants finishing and the time of each picture as shown by the constantly revolving dials. The finished film shows indis- putably the order of finishing, and to gage the time it is only necessary to pick out the frame showing the racer crossing the finish line. In the same picture is his time, forming a permanent record of the race.

"The photograph record of the time dials occupies about one-fourth of the film space."

No "Hardening" Against Colds

HERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN TWO SCHOOLS of

thought about the best way of preventing colds--the

precautionary and the defiant, says The Lancet (London).

There are those who sleep with their windows sealed, and

those who fling them open; those who never venture out in

winter, and those who take strenuous regular exercise in all weathers. It goes on:

"Of late the second group has been in the ascendent, but it certainly gets no encouragement from the latest statistical researches from Johns Hopkins University. William M. Gafafer deals with the attacks reported during October to May, 1930, by 341 people, of whom the large majority were university stu- dents. Of these, 277 were accustomed to sleep throughout the winter with wide-open windows, and sixty-four with only par- tially open windows. And the two groups seem to have been equally susceptible. Roughly, a quarter of each had only one

Aerial Surveys, Inc.

Set-Up of the Kirby Two-Eyed Camera

As used at the National Air Races, Cleveland, Ohio. See additional illustrations on page 32.

cold or none at all, half suffered twice or three times, and the remaining quarter had four or more recurrences. The 'wide- open-window' group suffered slightly more from cough. As regards exercise, the division was made between those who ex- ercised outdoors less than eight hours per week in the summer and less than four hours per week in the winter, and those who exceeded this amount. In frequency, severity, and type of attack of cold, again no significant differences were noticed. If the criteria adopted can be accepted as evidence of 'hardening,' then there certainly seems to be no advantage to the hardened."

4

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32 THE 'LITERARY! DiINGEsd

Chemicals in Warfare

O SAVAGES WHO POISON THEIR ARROWS in- dulge in '"'chemical warfare"? Apparently this opinion is held by a special committee of the disarmament

conference, which, in enumerating chemical methods, includes the use of poisons like curare.

The interesting report of this committee is discust editorially in The British Medical Journal, which notes in closing that many of the condemned chemicals are currently used in manufacturing

Courtesy of Electric Research Products, Inc.

How the Gun Flashes Word to the Camera

The ''Two-Eyed Camera' is connected by wires with the starter's

gun for the automatic timing of a race. See article on page 30.

processes, so that their general production could hardly be prohibited. We read in The Journal:

"The Disarmament Conference at Geneva has set up a com- mittee under the chairmanship of Mr. Pilotti of Italy, to inquire into chemical and bacteriological means of warfare. The com- mittee first agreed unanimously that chemical warfare came into the category of weapons threatening to civilians, and then con- sidered what should be included in the general definition of chemical methods.

"The definition at which it arrived includes all harmful sub- stances, natural or synthetic, solid, liquid, or gaseous. Thus, poisons such as curare or snake poison are brought in. It did not differentiate between degrees of harmfulness, believing that if certain gases less pronouncedly harmful were excluded, the practical value of the system would be weakened. One delega- tion suggested an exception in the case of tear gas, which for police purposes might not be open to objection, and might indeed be a means of averting bloodshed; but the committee remained of opinion that its resolutions should apply to all gases without discrimination. It excluded explosives, altho the ecom- bustion of explosives may cause the discharge of noxious sub- stances, but it condemned any practise designed to increase the discharge of such substances. Smoke and clouds were also ex- cluded, but here again the smoke and clouds must not be capable of producing harmful effects upon the organism.

"With regard to bacteriological weapons, these, in the com- mittee's view, unquestionably constitute a method of war most threatening to civilians, causing epidemics, which attack all human beings indiscriminately, and revolting the conscience of humanity more than any other means of warfare.

"The committee also considers that the use of incendiary projectiles involves a particularly grave menace to civilians. An exception is made in the case of projectiles specially con- structed to give light, and capable of producing incendiary effects accidentally, and also projectiles designed and used exclusively for defense against aircraft. Flame projectors, which are ealeu- lated to cause needless suffering, come under the ban.

"It is open to question, of course, how far these, like other prohibitions which may eventually be embodied in a convention, will be observed by a desperate belligerent. There is a good deal of force in an observation which the Soviet delegation specially asked to be inserted in the report of the committee, to the effect that such legal prohibitions are inadequate, and that the para- mount importance should be attached, not to prohibiting the use of chemical weapons in war time, but to prohibiting prepara- tions for chemical warfare in peace time.

(Mise, 72

O'GTO BEIR* mig:

"The mischief is that many or all of these compounds, appli- ances, and devices are only weapons of war by virtue of the use that is made of them, and they may be made or employed with a view to entirely different, essentially peaceful, and often most beneficial uses. It is difficult to see a solution, apart from the closing of all chemical and bacteriological laboratories, a neces- sary corollary of which would be the prohibition of the manu- facture of agricultural implements, because on the outbreak of war plowshares have been beaten into swords. Who can separate the wheat from the tares, especially when they are the same plant?"

False Tuberculosis

N WHATEVER RELATES TO TUBERCULOSIS, two pitfalls must be avoided, we are told by Dr. Paul Guerin, a French expert now on the staff of the Laennec Hospital. An existing case must not be overlooked, but a case that is not tuberculous must not be mistaken for one. This last peril is more prevalent than is suspected, he fears. Writing in Je suis partout (Paris), Dr. Guerin says:

''Upon the plea of absolute safety, the Koch bacillus may be assumed where it is not present.

''Any such suspicion is always a serious matter. It means for the one under suspicion a loss of time and a loss of money. It means a change in plans for the future. Because of a word spoken too lightly, positions in life may be compromised, senti- mental erises may even be precipitated.

'Here more than elsewhere there is no benefit in a doubt.

-- RACE 2 «~ Start 30: 14.10 e Finish 30: 37.30 Time 23.20 - sec. Speed 289.32 MPH RACE 3 Start 33: 23.78 - +-Finish 33: 48.09 22.31 sec. @ Speed 300.86 MPH RACE 4 Bm «Start 35: 42.10 wh Finish 30; 05.35 23.25 sec. i Speed 288.70 MPH RACE § Start 39: 58.42--» 4--Finish 40: 20.74 ; 22.32 Sec. | Speed 300,73 MPH...

# Time

Time

Time

Here is Major Doolittle's Record :

As photographed and timed at the Cleveland Air Races. . Average speed, 294.79 miles per hour.

However discreet he may be, the expert may get on the wrong' track. The trail of the bacillus may be lost. The physician may not realize how carefully symptoms or affections simulating tuberculosis are to be studied.

"If there be a word liable to abuse it is 'pretuberculosis.' It says too much or not enough--too much, if states having nothing to do with the Koch bacillus are called by this name; not enough if the doctor dissembles with this term the first symptoms of the malady.

"Precision is an essential quality of diagnosis. False tubercu- lous cases or false pretuberculosis cases are innumerable. Mis- conception is not possible when an 'organized' lesion makes audible 'cracklings' in the practitioner's ear, when the microbe swarms in the spittle, when the shadow picture reproduces the characteristic 'marblings.'

"Before this interval, at the infectious stage of the malady,

CERO AER Sy i5) 0) k-9:3°2

Aldrich Academy

Parke, Davis & Co., Dear Gentlemen:

I have just read one of your adver- tisements about doctors. I should like to read some more. Can you send me some others? I am 12 years old and I want to be a doctor.

Yours very truly, Sam Dickinson * ok *

T was areal pleasure to answer Sam's letter. He has chosen well. To care for the sick, to relieve pain and to pre- vent suffering are among the highest ambitions any boy can have. But from the start he must realize that the practice of medicine is one of the most difficult professions in the

eer reRAR Ys DAP GQeE ST

world. It is an art, not a trade; a call- ing, not a business.

To win the coveted medical degree, he must work hard and long. After he has gone through college, and sees most of his classmates starting out to earn their living in business, he still has four more years in medical school ahead of him. Then he will serve a year of two as an interne in a hospital. Finally, in order to get his license to practice medicine, he must pass rigid State examinations.

When he begins his career as a phy- sician, he undertakes a life of hard work and sacrifice. His time will never be his own. His family life will be sub- ject to constant interruptions. He will be, in a feal sense, a "public man''-- always at the call of his neighbors and

35

his community. He will reap his rich- est rewards from the knowledge that he is instrumental in preserving life and forestalling sickness. His host of grate- ful patients will be a living testimony to his professional career.

We have been dealing with doctors for 66 years. We know what kind of people they are and what kind of sery- ices they can give.

You have such men in your commu- nity now. Is it not folly to deprive yourself of their priceless advice and help? Surely, when your health is threatened, the only sensible thing to do is to go to your doctor at once.

PARKE, DAVIS & COMPANY

The World's Largest Makers of Pharmaceuticaland Biological Products

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THE LET ERARY) DasG Eoah

there is the peril of error--when the patient is seareely feverish, when he coughs little, scarcely spits at all, when auscultation attains effects of silence, when the radiology is reassuring; in a word, when all works out in merely general results and functional responses,"

ahs eliminate a hypothesis of tuberculosis, no scrutiny is superfluous--examination of the expectoration, study of the radiograph plate, and so on. Still, certain points must

be kept in mind. Says the doctor:

'"A negative result of examination of the expectoration does not exclude the pos- sibility of the presence of the Koch bacillus.

'Radiology may reveal a type of lesion that the hearing fails to detect, and it may miss lesions too fine or too recent to make their impression on the screen."

Gold as Medicine

LITTLE book on this subject shows

that the yellow metal is "' very power- ful for good and evil in therapeutics as well as in the other activities of life in which it plays a part," remarks The British Medical Journal.

The medical use of gold with which the American public has been mwost familiar, namely, for the cure of alcoholism, is passed over in silence in this volume. It is the work of Drs. Lebeuf and Hollard, and The Journal sketches some of their findings:

The most widely used auriferous com- pound in medicine is sanoerysin, which is, chemically speaking, a double thiosulfate of gold and soda. It is a compound on the same plan as the ''hypo"' well known to photographers, and, like this, it is very readily soluble in water. Sanoerysin, dis- covered as long ago as 1845 by two French chemists, was introduced into therapeu- tics In 1922 in phthisis (giving it by the in- travenous route), and its merits in the treatment of that disease have been keenly debated. Gold has also been much used in the treatment of the different forms of tuberculosis of the skin. In the tubercu- lides and in lupus erythematosus it is a good deal more useful than any other form of therapy. Several different compounds have been employed. Martenstein was the first Gn 1921) to employ krysolgan-- an organic compound of gold--with good results, and since then other organic com- pounds have been contrived with a view to achieving greater efficacy and diminished toxicity. Perhaps the most important of these is solganal. Gold has also been em- ployed in the treatment of syphilis. Several writers have testified to its potency in this disease, and examples have been published of eases resistant to arsenic and bismuth which have yielded to one of the com- pounds of gold; there does not, however, seem to be much probability that it will ever oust salvarsan and its derivatives from the position which they occupy as the first line of defense. Further fields in which gold has been tried are leprosy and psoriasis. Here the results are not particularly strik- ing, but it appears that some amelioration may follow the administration of sanocrysin in leprosy, and there are American derma- tologists who allege that gold, and especially colloidal gold, is superior to arsenic in the treatment of psoriasis.

O€CELOBER Brsev £osZ Prohibition and Alcoholism

EFORE 1920 deaths from alcoholism and alcoholic mental disease in the general population were declining.

Since 1920 they have begun to increase notably.

These are among the facts brought out in a survey covering the years 1910 to 1930, which Frederick W. Brown of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene has just completed. His report has been made public by the American Academy of Polit- ical and Social Science. Says a mail report of Science Service (Washington) :

Admissions to State hospitals for mental disease show that there are fewer cases of mental disease and fewer intemperate users of alcohol now than before Prohibi- tion. On the other hand, the general trend since 1920 has been upward for both classes.

-A marked reduction in aleoholic mental disease was noted in 1919 and 1920, which could fairly be attributed to Prohibition. The legal restrictions at this time were made effective by the support of public opinion, which during the war period had discountenanced self-indulgence of any kind, Mr. Brown pointed out.

The present trends indicate that Prohibi- tion is becoming increasingly impotent as a means of preventing excessive use of alcohol to an extent productive.of serious mental disorders and untimely death. ._

Serious complications from "'"poison alcohol'' have been noted by general hospi- tals: : More young patients are being ad- mitted to State hospitals for mental disease since Prohibition. Fewer cases of pro- longed or chronic hallucinations among alcoholic patients are being seen in these State hospitals. There is a new type of case in which the alcoholic state is aceom- panied by poisoning, often fatal in nature. In more than two-thirds of the States the amount of alcoholic mental disease is propor- tional to the number of foreign-born and city dwellers in the population of those States.

The present general tendency to preva- lence of alcoholic mental disease in the several States accords with the trend of public opinion about Prohibition indicated by State laws in force before the Federal Prohibition laws were enacted.

Half Radish; Half Cabbage

OMETHING declared impossible by

some was on exhibition at the Inter- national Congress of Genetics at Cornell University recently. Fertile crosses be- tween distinct species, and even between separate genera, are growing in a special garden on the grounds of the University. Says Dr. Frank Thone, in a report of Science Service (Washington) :

The most outstanding example on dis- play is a hybrid between radish and cab- bage, made by a young Russian scientist, Dr. G. D. Karpechenko of the Leningrad Botanical Institute. Radish and cabbage, tho botanically related, are separate genera, and are as far apart for plants as domestic cattle and American buffalo or bison are for animals. The cross was successfully made, and the big lusty plants, looking like giant radish leaves on a cabbage stalk, that are now growing in the garden, rep- resent the fifth generation. The cross therefore is certainly not sterile. :

OCHO. ER HFS.) 113%)

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ERE'S news that can save you many a restless, sleepless night. For a way has been discovered to induce sound, natural sleep without drugs. A way that 20,000 doctors recommend because it's entirely safe. It isa delicious food-drink you take just be- fore you go to bed. Then fall asleep almost as soon as your head touches the pillow.

In the morning you awaken feeling vastly refreshed. For Ovaltine acts to replenish nerve, brain and body tissue while you sleep--brings abundant energy next day.

It Acts This Way

Authorities state that nearly all sleepless- ness is caused by these three things: (1) blood-congested brain cells (2) digestive unrest or (3) nervous irritability. Ovaltine combats all three.

First: Ovaltine, when taken as a warm drink at bedtime, draws excess blood away from the brain. Thus combating mental over-activity and "conditioning"' the mind for sleep.

Second: Ovaltine contains in high proportion a unique food property called diastase--a property recognized for its ability to digest the starch content of other foods regularly taken into the stomach. Thus possessing the power to Itghten digestive burdens and help the stomach "'rest."

Third: Also notable among the constituents of Ovaltine is calcium. And it is increasingly realized that a proper calcium metabolism is necessary to avoid nerve irritation. Phos- phorus, too, is an essential part of brain and nerve cells. Ovaltine supplies this in abund- ance and in its easily assimilated food form (lecithin).

Thus, a cup of Ovaltine at bedtime not only promotes relaxation and combats digestive unrest but also acts remarkably to over- come sleeplessness due to irritated nerves.

See For Yourself

Don't judge Ovaltine merely by what users claim for it. Disregard, if you wish, the fact that more than 20,000 doctors advise its use. Try it--and see for yourself.

'Phone your druggist or grocer for a tin of Ovaltine tonight. Mix 2 to 4 teaspoonfuls with a cup of warm milk--and drink it be- fore going to bed. Then see how quickly you fall asleep--how completely and soundly you rest.

As you continue to take Ovaltine, note how quickly you fall asleep every night--how much better you feel mornings. Note, too, how resistance to fatigue is built up--how vitality multiplies!

Why not 'phone for it now?

NOTE: Thousands of nervous people, men and women, are using Ovaltine to restore vitality when fatigued. Dur- ing the World War, medical authorities made it a stand- ard ration for invalid, nerve-shattered soldiers. It is also highly recommended by physicians for nervous, under- weight children and as a strengthening food for nursing mothers, convalescents, and the aged. . 932

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**Ror cases of stubborn constipation I rec- ommend fresh yeast. It strengthens the intestines, toning them so they function normally. It softens the wastes. It restores regular evacuations in a natural way.''

Would you like to give up cathartics?: Every day, regularly, eat three cakes of Fleischmann's fresh Yeast.

Results should soon be evident. A better digestion. A healthier appetite. Greater "'pep." And as you keep on with the simple fresh yeast routine, a trouble-free system--clean, healthy, "regular" as clockwork--should be yours!

Isn't it worth trying? Remember, Fleisch- mann's Yeast cannot form a habit. It is a food --the richest food known, in fact, in the group of health-giving vitamins B, G and D.

Won't you add Fleischmann's Yeast to your diet? Directions are on the label.

**My whole system was sluggish,' writes Mrs. Gordon Pray of Flushing, L. I. ''l had constant headaches... One of my friends rec- ommended Fleisch- mann's Yeast. I tried it and in a few weeks felt remarkably bet- ter, as it cleared the poisons out of my sys- tem. Now I have un- usual enerfgy.''

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Fleischmann's Yeast for health comes only in the foil-wrapped cake with the yellow label. It's yeast in its fresh, effective form--the kind doctors ad- vise. At grocers, restaurants, soda fountains,

Copyright, 1932, Standard Brands Incorporated

THE LITERARY DIGEST

PERSONAL The Busy Jobless Who

R. BURCHFIELD played hishunch,

He slung a gunny-sack over his

shoulder and tramped out to the country to see what he could do for himself.

He had no job. He couldn't find one. But this World War veteran and his little family, who live in Compton, California, had to eat, just the same.

It was an important hunch he played

OCTOBER Mira teirosez

GLIMPSES Fill the Market Basket

ing idea, which speedily grew into the present relief plan. Now this warehouse is headquarters for the program in the dis- trict and whole truck loads of men leave the place every morning between 6:30 and 7:00 o'clock bound for various farms. The volume of the stuff they take in for their labors has assumed large proportions.

oh HESE, in very general terms, are the details of ''what appears to be one of the

Illustrations by courtesy of tne Farm and Garaen Magazine of tne Los Angeles Times

How Some of Compton's Unemployed Keep Very Much Employed

These men the depression couldn't lick are busying themselves in the string beans.

that day early this year. It solved his own unemployment problem. It solved the same problem for many other jobless men in Compton and elsewhere in Cali- fornia, according to an article by Alice Koons in the Farm and Garden Magazine of the Los Angeles Sunday Times.

Mr. Burchfield dropt in at a farm and exchanged his labor for produce. Checking up the contents of the gunny-sack on his return home, writes Miss Koons, ''he found that he had brought back consider- ably more food than his family could eat for awhile. He gave the surplus to a neighbor.

ee next day the neighbor went along with him and the two worked at harvesting, taking their pay entirely in produce. They found that they had earned enough stuff for four or five families. Within a few days the story had spread and soon eight or ten men were regularly going out to the fields, laboring in the harvest and bringing home produce on their backs." And shortly thereafter:

farm

Another war veteran, W. T. Downing, owner of the Compton Moving Company, noticed what his neighbors were doing and had an idea of his own. He offered the use of a truck to haul in the produce from the fields and some extra space he had in his warehouse as a place for the workers to put their surplus and ''swap"' stuff. That was really the beginning of the pool-

most workable plans yet devised for com- bating the effects of unemployment.

'"'Tt's the old, old system of barter all over again--the pioneer, backwoods system --revived for modern emergency. And it works! From nothing the thing has grown in six months to the proportions of a movement, with an organized machinery of operation."

lies plan of exchanging labor for produce, a temporary arrangement, of course, must be distinguished from the back-to-the-farm movement discust in our issue of July 9.

The plan, as we have seen, originated in Compton, in March of this year. From there ''the idea spread to other communi- ties in rapid succession. To-day there' are twenty-five or more units organized for the work in Los Angeles County and those in touch with the plan say that over 100,000 persons in the county are having their food needs met under the program." And Miss Koons tells us further in The Times:

In the beginning each unit of workers par- ticipating in the plan was an entity in itself.

Each group went about its own work of harvesting crops, of supplying vegetables to the local pool, and of helping others less fortunate than themselves, for these pen- niless folk are actually doing their bit to rescue the helpless destitute of their com- munities. :

Then it became apparent that communi- cation between organizations would make

Ger Oper 57 1932

for greater efficiency. Certain groups would have an excess of one commodity and a deficiency of another at distribution headquarters. Trading among units was the natural outcome. Citrus fruit from Pasadena, dried fruit from Lynwood, pota- toes from Huntington Park, celery from Venice, began to circulate. Yes, and fish began to come in to first one place and then another from San Pedro, unemployed men there having gone to work for fishing firms

oe

on ''erop-shares."'

ae Compton plan does not result in merely one-sided benefits, either. The jobless men who give their labor and the farmers who pay them with produce both gain from the arrangement, as Miss Koons explains in the following passage in The Times:

Many farmers had been leaving their crops in the fields because prices did not justify the expense of harvesting. Now, by giving part of the crop for labor, they can escape the necessity of making a money outlay and put otherwise largely wasted produce on the market at a little profit.

The saving in harvesting costs represents the difference between that little profit and a loss. The crop-share harvester, on the other hand, gets necessary food for his family. Both farmer and worker get what they're after--and without money.

It should be emphasized that this plan is not in any sense a money-making scheme, or even a plan for profit in barter for the workers--it is strictly a relief measure. The worker gets what he needs for his family out of the common store and passes the benefits of his labors on to others.

A man, unless physically unable to do so, must work one day a week in order to participate in the organization program. Many of the unemployed, I was told, put in a full week so as not to be idle and in order that they may help the more in caring for their neighbors. When the working head of a family becomes sick, food is supplied from the pooled supplies. So far, 1,361 men have signed up at Comp- ton since that community's organization was perfected; and around 300 are working every day.

In most cases, I was informed, the workers in the fields take ''seconds'"' and '"'thirds'"' for their part of the crop yield. These products, altho a bit off grade, are just as good to eat and just as nourishing as the ''firsts,' lacking only the fine ap- pearance of the latter. That leaves the best stuff for the markets. They get more of the off-grade produce, it was ex- plained to me, and that's what counts.

At Compton, the men work mainly in the extensive fields of the Japanese truck gardeners. All their work is not harvesting, of course--they help both in planting and in earing for crops. Other workers are waiting at the warehouse to clean and trim vegetables brought in from the fields and to arrange them in bins for distribu- tion. The quantity of the incoming prod- uce at this one unit at Compton is astound- ing. In looking over the daily reports, I happened to pick up one for September 6. Listed were 214 tons of beets, 3 tons of cabbage, 390 pounds of celery, 2,772 pounds of cucumbers, 2,580 pounds of onions, 60 boxes of oranges, 2,500 pounds of rhubarb, 2,220 pounds of squash, and 5,420 pounds of tomatoes. Pretty good fare, I'd call this, and that big lot was just an average day in the exchange!

Does it strike you as strange that the

Ge late RAR Y © D IG:E3S T

ie ever you wake up in the morning feeling "'rocky,'' half-sick and dull and headachy--here's what to do!

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For the Sal Hepatica ''cocktail'' is the finest morning health idea a man or woman could ever have!

Sal Hepatica does what even those splendid other health cocktails--tomato juice, fruit juice, clam juice, sauerkraut juice--can never do for you. It gently

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and thoroughly flushes away the wastes and poisons from your digestive tract.

But that doesn't mean that Sal Hepatica is "'just another laxative.'' Sal Hepatica is a saline--it offers the same saline bene- fits as do the health waters of the famous European spas. It cleanses the system-- the blood stream--of poisons and wastes.

Physicians whole-heartedly recommend Sal Hepatica not only for sick headache, upset stomach, and constipation--but for colds and rheumatism. It clears up blotchy complexions, too. It routs that "'mean'' feeling. It sends you off to work feeling like a new man.

Start in tomorrow morning with a Sal Hepatica "'cocktail,'' and you'll see that there's a bottle of Sal Hepatica on the bathroom shelf from now on!

BrisToL-MyeErs Co. Dept. P-102, 71 West St., New York

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UJ (66)

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farmers let the men take excess produce in such quantities? It seems queer to some people, who have the idea that the beneficiaries of the plan may be tempted to do a little peddling on the side.

Bor such is not the case. The men have a_no-selling agreement, and this, we read, is religiously observed. Further:

In the actual distribution of food to the needy there are no long periods of investigation before help is extended. Hach worker's produce is expected to pass through the exchange, plan. and he gets his share only by ticket. Similarly, unfortu- nates unable to work fill out small forms. These Compton people refuse to look upon their organization as a charity group. No one wants anything free, they say; he gets it free if he's unable to go and work for it.

The men I saw at Compton were ener- getic and optimistic. They feel that they used their heads and found a way out of a bad situation. They look at things con- structively. They want to see everybody in their group through. Their spirit of cooperation is fine. I could not help con- trasting all this with the air of defeat one sees about some men who have found themselves out of employment.

The fact that each family head must work but one day a week in order to re- ceive his share of the pooled produce leaves him the rest of the week free to search for a job. Many of the workers find odd jobs which supply them with enough money to pay their rent or buy staples which the association is unable to provide.

Besides the warehouse, there are now four other buildings in Compton housing the equipment and materials of the com- munity association. There is a canning department where vats of sauerkraut are being prepared for the coming winter. The surplus of cabbage taken in by the workers is here sliced into fine pieces, put in layers alternately with salt and left in the barrels to ripen. Fifteen tons had been put up when I made my recent visit. Altho the association has had an abun- dance of tomatoes, it has been unable to can. these, due toa lack of sugar, this being, unfortunately, a commodity for which its

Here's the Office Staff in a Huddle

These are some of the men who started the Compton Left to right they are W. T. Downing, William Gray, Clarence Blandin, and W. T. Burchfield.

O GAR OBER. "ea. i932

members have been unable as yet to trade their labor.

In another building, which like the can- ning building, was loaned to the workers, is the milk department. Here a daily average of twenty gallons of whole milk, thirty gallons of buttermilk, fifty gallons of skimmed milk, and forty three-ounce packages of cream cheese are distributed. The whole milk is reserved for the babies of the workers.

The Compton association regularly" sends workers out to do cleaning work around dairy buildings, and in turn receives dairy products for its members.

In development, the Compton organiza- tion has grown more complex. Work in other spheres of activity than the farm may be exchanged for food. Thus, as Miss Koons explains it:

There is a shoe-repairing section in which cobblers work at their own trade instead of going into the fields. Shoes of members are kept in serviceable condition, and the cobbler gets his food ticket with the rest.

Here they had to have some money for sole leather, but the amount needed was provided by donations and by exchange of labor by some of the members, and all was well.

Printers among the unemployed made possible a printing department which pre- pares all the forms for the necessary ac- counting work of the organization. It is surprizing how whole-heartedly the printers

i

Mother, Too,

Helps the Working of This Self-Relief Idea

These sacks contain clothing which women in the families benefiting from the pool have mended and made ready for use. :

OCT OBERS 15 4149 3:2

and cobblers put in more time than is

asked of them. When one sees these men | at work one is certain that they must be | paid,' so industriously do they go about |

their tasks.

A women's auxiliary, composed of the wives of the unemployed, maintains a clothing department, mending old clothes, making over pieces into children's togs, and distributing such garments as are contrib- uted by outsiders to the good work. Everything is handled. by routine. In order for a worker to obtain a hat, for instance, he must: present a slip from the main office, certifying his need for this

particular article.

A garage and carpenter department is --

maintained in the warehouse building, a number of experienced mechanics and ear- penters having been found among the ranks of the Compton district unemployed. Their services are needed in repairing the autos and trucks loaned for hauling in produce and in fixing up the crates for vegetables.

At first the association had quite a prob- lem obtaining gasoline for the trucks bring- ing in the vegetables. During its early days many were uncertain as to the in- tegrity of the group. As the workers proved that they were sincere and that their only purpose was to obtain food for their needy families, donations of gaso- line came in. At certain times even the eity of Compton has paid some of the expenses.

A large underground gasoline pit is now being dug, one large enough to hold a 10,- 000-gallon tank. The other day one of the large oil companies offered the associa- tion a present of 1,500 gallons of gas, and the new tank is about ready for it. The storage place is on railroad land.

The Dollars in Scents

ED rubber bands, just ordinary red rubber bands for office use, but smell- ing deliciously of lilacs.

Rubber coasters for beverage glasses have been ''glorified'' in the same manner. Their ordinarily disagreeable smell would make rubber coasters unattractive for dining-room use. But clever manufactur- ing chemists have found a way to give rubber the enticing smell of new-mown hay, and so overcome that particular bit of sales resistance.

These are but two samples of the new nasal salesmanship described by Donald A. Laird, director of the psychologica! laboratory at Colgate University, in the New York Herald Tribune Magazine. In their efforts to overcome sales resistance, commerce is beginning to take a lesson from the garden, and ifit isn't saying it with flowers, it's at least saying it with scents.

Manufacturers realized long ago that "they must give their products_ visual appeal; in other words, beautify them. To-day the sales wizards are going a little farther; to visual appeal they add olfac- tory come-hither."" And, Dr. Laird con- tinues:

This new strategy is based on well-

known psychological facts. One of these is that most human beings

Pale ae SEE RARY sDAG ES T

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crave pleasant experiences unpleasant ones.

Another is that a pleasant odor makes us remember pleasant experiences which have been associated with it, and therefore puts us in a receptive frame of mind. By the same token, a disagreeable odor is a pow- erful reminder of disagreeable experiences whose repetition we are anxious to avoid.

That this is the basis of our present large business in perfumes, toilet water, bath salts, and other fragrances--a business which amounts to $30,000,000 annually in the United States--is obvious; what is not so well known is the extent to which odors, both agreeable and disagreeable, are being used to help sell other products with which they do not seem to have any relation.

For instance, there is the automobile salesroom where the janitor's morning routine includes a light spraying of perfume on the interior of each car offered for sale. Why? Because when the prospective woman customer pokes her head inside, the faint suggestion of flowers gives her an impression of luxury.

It may also be due to the fact that most of its customers are women that an Illinois department store incloses a perfumed "Thank You' with its receipted bills; but there is much more subtle psychology in the practise of the Connecticut fire- insurance company which solicits business by sending through the mails a folder car- rying with it the wet-burnt-wood odor that a house would have after it had been ravaged by flames.

and

Bor the smell manufacturer does not confine himself to providing pleasant odors. A large part of his time and talents are devoted to overcoming unpleasant ones. For example, here, according to Dr. Laird, is just one of many cases in which chem- istry has proved a life-saver to commerce:

A few weeks ago the owner of a chain of neighborhood motion-picture houses on Long Island had labor troubles. One evening the patrons in one of his theaters were overcome by the fumes from a stink bomb placed in the house by sympathizers of the strikers. There was nothing to do but refund the admission price to the entire audience as they hurried, gasping, out of doors.

In this emergency the proprietor went, next day, not to the police, but to a syn- thetic chemist. On the following evening the trick that had worked so well was, as he had expected, repeated--stink bombs were exploded in all of his theaters.

This time, tho, he was prepared. The minute the fumes were detected, a deo- dorant was released which completely squelched them. <A supply of this deodor- ant is now kept on hand in each theater, for use in an emergency of this sort.

This incident typifies one of the widest uses to which perfumes are now put in business--that of counteracting unpleasant- ness. The typical ''clothy"' smell of tex- tiles, for instance, is being eradicated by the chemist specializing in synthetic aromatics.

This smell has, in the past, been due to the use of oils and pastes which are essential to make weaving easy as well as to give a smooth feel to the finished goods. These finishing preparations usually lend to the fabric a smell of castor oil and sulfur.

This problem, too, the expert perfumer is meeting. Synthetic aromatics are being added to the finishing processes, which not only counteract the original unpleasant

OCTOBER ES 49r7sz

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smells of the cloth but also kill most of the bacteria which produce rancidity.

Silk hosiery, artificial leathers, even laundry starch, are now being deodorized in this fashion and then reodorized to give them a positive scent that adds to their sales value. Coated papers used in finely illustrated magazines and catalogs formerly bore the odor of rancid cheese, due to casein in the filler mixture employed in coating the paper. But they no longer offer this insult to the nose, thanks to synthetic perfumes.

ler same is true of printing inks, we are assured as we read on in the The Herald Tribune:

- The natural smell of these inks, due to the fish or linseed oil in them, is something like the naturally rancid smell of textiles. This is especially bad when the inks are used on food packages. Many foodstuffs absorb odors, and food manufacturers have found at times that a product with a deli- cate flavor in the factory lost a good deal of its palate appeal after it was packaged. The food had absorbed some of the odor of the package, usually from the paper itself or from the ink.

Here again the synthetic chemist stept in and taught the manufacturers how to re- odorize both paper and ink so that instead of injuring they actually reenforced and improved the original food flavor.

A Middle West meat packer has the glassine wrappers for his package bacon printed with inks that have been given a bacon odor. As a result even the taste of the bacon is actually enhanced, since what we usually eall taste is about four- fifths smell, as trying to identify ice-cream flavors with one's nose pinched will reveal. Makers of chocolate candy and chewing- gum are making similar use of synthetics in the printing inks used on the wrappers.

Smelly linoleum is psychologically re- lated to inks, since it also makes the un- pleasant assault upon the nose via linseed oil. At first manufacturers lacquered the linoleum, at considerable expense, to keep the unhappy smell corked up inside.

Now they have learned a better and cheaper way: they add aromatics. The aromatics used to give allure to these floor coverings do not by themselves have a '"oood smell,'"' just as the bass viol does not have a very '"'good sound" all by itself. But odors have harmonies as do sounds, and these aromatics blend chemically with the original linoleum odor in such a way as to reenforce each other.

Shanghai in Six Days

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All that remains to make it an accom-

plished factis the development of a scheduled transatlantic service. That, of course, 1s

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quite a feat, but three well-defined proj- ects of that nature are now under study, and one of them is likely to materialize by next summer. The other end of the route already is organized and functioning. If the American has a way of flying to London, getting to Berlin by air, over one of the oldest and safest of air routes in existence, is but a matter of a few hours. From Berlin to Shanghai, a new service by Germany's famous Luft Hansa line soon will be flying both mail and passenger.

Present plans call for flying the nearly 5,500-mile journey from the German capi- tal to Shanghai in three and one-half days. The primary purpose of the service is to provide quicker mail delivery between the Far East and the Occident, but provision also is being made for the transportation of passengers. Special aircraft are being built to fly over this long route. They are faster than any transport ships now in use in Europe, having a top speed of close to 190 miles an hour, and with a cruising rate of 150, the latter comparable to the new air-transport speed standard now being achieved in the United States.

With such a service already available on the European and Asiatic end of the route, all that remains then is to provide an air- line across the Atlantic. This is regarded as a certainty despite the constant increase in steamer speeds. If it cuts the time of surface transport in half,an entirely reason- able estimate, the six-day journey between New York and Shanghai will become a reality.

The Navy's New Floating Airport

NCLE SAM'S new sea-going hornet's U nest, the Navy's aircraft carrier, the 13,800-ton Ranger, rising higher and higher "from her giant cradle at the Newport News shipbuilding yard, needs but an- other deck and then the expansive flying deck before she will--in appearance at least--become a finished sea fighter of the latest and most deadly type. She will rise eighty feet above the water-line,'' ac- cording to a Washington dispatch from Charles McLean to the New York Times.

"There will be many lesser details to complete inside the carrier, of course, but there is every indication that she may be ready to slide down the runs _ several months before the date for contract de- livery."" [May 1, 1934].

In many features, continues the dispatch in The Times:

The Ranger will be superior to the Sara- toga and Lexington, the two 33,000-ton earriers which she will proudly join. She will carry the same complement of planes, seventy-two for instant service, with equal number in reserve, and will be about five knots slower in speed.

Rising eighty feet above the water-line, and with seven decks, including the flying deck, the Ranger will measure 765 feet from stem to stern. The maximum width will be ninety feet. The flying deck itself, shorter and narrower than those of the Saratoga and Lexington, will nevertheless furnish ample space for the aircraft to take off and land. It will be 709 feet long and &6 feet wide.

Smokestacks will protrude from near the top of the flying deck on each side, so that one set of the stacks can be cut off when the wind is blowing across the deck,

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and the opposite stacks opened to allow the smoke to drift away from the carrier.

Details of the gun equipment have not yet been announced, but there will be at least eight five-inch double purpose, long- range guns for use against surface and air craft, and fifty "'pop guns," or .50-caliber machine-guns in the nettings on each side of the flight deck. A novel fire-control system will govern the guns.

Among the most important safety factors incorporated in the construction of the Ranger are the new gasoline storage tanks. Buried deep in the ship, each separate compartment will have, first, a safety valve to release escaping fumes from the tanks should anything untoward happen. Then steam is automatically released to curb possible flames. Should this fail, dioxid and other chemicals would then be auto- matically set in operation to surely and finally smother the fire.

An innovation is that instead of riveting the deck plates, each plate is being elec- trically welded.

Seupunn has been exprest that this floating aviation field ''was not designed to be as large as the Saratoga and Lex- angton."" The explanation of this we find as we pursue the account in The Times:

The reason lies in the London naval treaty which limited the United States to 135,000 tons of aireraft-carrier vessels. With the two larger ships using 66,000 tons, Admiral William A. Moffett, the guiding spirit of naval aviation, suggested that five

» of the Ranger type be built, so that in the end the United States would have seven out-and-out carriers.

Admiral Moffett holds tenaciously to the hope Congress will authorize and ap- propriate for the proposed four to follow the Ranger; but his chief concern now is for the money necessary to purchase 114 planes with which to equip the Ranger.

"By serapping the Langley,' Admiral Moffett told the House Naval Committee last winter, '"we can build other carriers of the Ranger type. Great Britain need build only two more and will then have a total of seven modern carriers. Seven landing fields at sea. Japan has built almost to her limit, and has four landing decks. The present ratio," he concluded, "instead of being 5-5-3, as allowed by the treaty, is England 5, United States 3.9, Japan 3."

On another occasion, when he urged more aircraft carriers, Admiral Moffett said:

"The value of aireraft carriers does not depend upon their size, as is the case with other war vessels. The value of a naval air foree depends on the number of landing fields at sea. Two carriers of 16,500 tons would be much more efficient than one earrier of 33,000 tons."

»

Meanwhile, we read, "' officials of the Bureau of Aeronautics look longingly to- ward Congress, where funds to purchase the 114 airplanes necessary before the Ranger can be put into service must be appropriated.

'Whether the wave of economy that swept across the last session will be carried on during the next is at this time proble- matical. But upon the action of the next session depends whether the Ranger will go into service on or before the date set when the $16,273,000 carrier was authorized."

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Babe and the Yanks Make It a Record Dozen

three Series in which they have participated (1927, 1928, and 1932), in itself a remark- able record.

Emotionally, Babe Ruth was the hero of the Series from the moment he lined out the homer already described. But then, from the emotional standpoint, the Babe is usually the hero of any Series in which he participates. Cold figures, however, confer

SOUTH SEAS

HAWAII - NEW ZEALAND +» AUSTRALIA

GANG of bench jockeys in front of

the Cubs' dugout booed, hissed, and uttered catealls, as the portly gentleman ambled (the less polite say ''waddled'') up to the plate, swinging his bat.

It was one of the classiest razzings in the history of baseball.

The bench jockeys were feeling '"'pretty pert" as Edward Burns put it in the Chicago Tribune. The Cubs had come from behind, and as they and the New York Yanks entered the fifth inning of the third game of the late World Series, the score was tied at four each.

The bench jockeys "'scented vic- tory on dear old Wrigley Field. It looked like one of those old August rough-houses was in the offing. Yes, the Cubs were very peppery when Mr. Ruth went to bat.

'"The Cub bench jockeys came out of the dugout to shout at Ruth. And Ruth shouted right back. Root got a strike past Babe, and did those Cub bench jockeys holler and hiss."

"The Babe [here we switch to Paul Gallico's New York Daily News col- umn] held up his index finger and

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After a couple of wide ones,. Root whizzed another strike past the ,reat man. More hollering and hissing, and no small amount of personal abuse.

Ruth held up two fingers, indicat ing the two strikes in umpire fashion. Then he made a remark about spot- ting the Cubs those two strikes.

Well, it seems that Charley Root threw another good one. Mr. Ruth smacked the ball right on the nose and it traveled ever so fast.

You know that big flag-pole just to the right of the scoreboard beyond center field? Well that's 486 feet from the home-plate. Ruth's drive went past that flag-pole and hit the box-office at Waveland and Shef- field Avenues.

Ruth resumed his oratory the minute he threw down his bat. He bellowed every foot of the way around the bases, accompanying derisive roarings with wild and eloquent gesticulations. George Her- man Ruth always enjoys a homer under

to his Yankee partner, Lou Gehrig?

Keystone-Underwood

A Little Master-Mind Stuff?

Is it a wisecrack or advice that Babe has slipt

Whatever it is, it seems to tickle Lou.

the heroship on Lou Gehrig, Babe's team- mate.

Lou, according to Associated Press

figires, led his team in batting (.529), runs,

(9), ~uns batted in (8), home runs (3).

These Seures also top the Cubs' figures in the same departments.

Tus fans who witnessed the Series saw seventeen out.tanding additions to the list of championsh» records, according to an Associated Pres: dispatch from Chicago.

7 oS EO, . At Home With a Typewriter Altogether in fou, games, fifteen records

were broken and two others equaled, The list follows:

aaa W420 any circumstances, but it is doubtful if he Ps ever socked one that gave him the satis- faction that accompanied that one.

Records broken:

Most consecutive victoriss, total Series-- 12, by Yankees.

Most home runs, two clubs one game-- six in third game.

Most home runs, total Serng--15, by

With the razzing of Babe the Series reached its peak of emotion, of comedy, of a general air of burlesque. From this fifth inning outburst, the Yankees went on to win the game The

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Most extra bases, long hits, total Series-- 54, by Ruth.

Most bases on balls, total Series--33, by Ruth.

Most strike-outs, total Series--30, by Ruth.

Moststrike-outs, onegame--5, by Pipgras of Yankees, third game.

Largest score, both clubs, one game--19 runs, fourth game.

Most Series played--10, by Ruth.

Most runs, total Series--37, by Ruth.

Most runs batted in, total Series--33, by Ruth.

Most times played on pionship club--7, by Ruth.

Most times batted .300 or over, total Series--6, by Ruth.

world cham-

Records equaled:

Most home runs, one inning, one club-- 2 in succession, third game, by Ruth and Gehrig, equaling former mark.

Most runs batted in, one game--4, by Ruth, third game, and 4 by Lazzeri, fourth game, equaling record formerly held by Ruth and five others.

Aw» now the question is: What are we going to do with these Yanks?

Are they the greatest ball team of all time, and, as such, deserving of all honor?

Or have they come to represent such a height of mechanical perfection that they are menacing baseball?

The first, and gentler, of these questions is aiscust by Frederick G. Lieb in the New York Evening Post:

Twenty-five years from now baseball fans will still talk of the present Yankee ball elub, the team that went through twelve straight World Series games with neither defeat nor tie. This apparently is the base- ball team of the ages. On Wrigley Field, Chicago, it entered the hall of the baseball immortals when it crusht the Cubs, deprest National League champions in the fourth and last game of the 1932 World Series.

When the 1927 Yankees vanquished Pittsburgh in four straight, they matched a performance accomplished only once before in baseball history, the 1914 Braves having cleaned up the famous Athletics in straight games. Two other clubs, the 1907 Cubs and the 1922 Giants, each won a World Series without suffering a defeat, but in each case the defeated team got one tie.

They panned that Pittsburgh Club of five years ago, called it a spineless club and one not fit to be a champion. A year later the Yanks fed the same dose to the 1928 Cardinals, going through two straight World Series without a defeat. Sam Bread- on, owner of the Cardinals, was so mortified over this stunning reverse that he fired Bill McKechnie, his manager.

This year after a three-year lapse, the Yanks regained the American League championship, and now they have handed the Cubs a four straight World Series reverse, crushing the spirits of National League men and dazing American League partizans by the overwhelming superiority of their game. After this third World Series victory without a defeat, there is no use panning and belittling the defeated National League team. The Yankees simply are good, very good.

It is difficult enough to win twelve straight games during a championship season. But to win twelve straight games from three different championship teams of arival major league seems almost incredible.

A markedly less ecstatic view is that

ao

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| in | League, whose spirit

TH EGL: EERAR YS RG Eee

taken by Westbrook Pegler, who delivered himself of these critical observations in a copyrighted article for Chicago Tribune Press Service:

It will be hard to restore the solemn character of the World Series, which the serious-minded element of the baseball business have always loved to refer to as the autumn blue-ribbon classic of the National Game, after the happenings which closed out the show at the Cubs' ball yard

| in Chicago.

REVEALS

The Yankees were a menace to business in their own league before the season was half done. They were by no means a great ball club, measured by the scientific stand- ards which fascinate the studious baseball nut, but no other team in their own league was good enough to give them a wrestle. They then came into

the World Series against the best team the National

and intelligence were exceptional and whose pitehing staff was ad- vertised as something very special indeed, and, in four games, fraught with fumbles, wild throws, hilarious comedy on the bases and many other mis- takes too subtle for classification in the statistics, the Yankees won with yawning nonchalance and mocking contempt for the Cubs, extending their run of consecutive World Series victories over the clubs of the National League to an even dozen since 1927.

This record and the Yankees' mischiev- ous amusement throughout the recent distress of the Cubs seem likely to dis- credit the league which is known in the business by the trade-name of the senior loop. The Yankees had already made mecry at the expense of their own league, also known as the junior organization, and when they gamboled toward the tunnel at Wrigley Field they had created a grave problem for the serious customers to exercise their intellectual muscles upon during the winter.

The problem is this: If the Yankees are a low-comedy ball club, with a short-stop who kicks in four runs in four games which are supposed to represent baseball in the

Wide W

| highest, and if one of their outfielders is a

fat, elderly party who must wear corsets to avoid immodest jiggling, and can not waddle for fly-balls, nor stoop for grounders, and if no other ball club in either major league is fit even to challenge the Yankees-- well what?

This is not a frivolous matter, and it is the more gruesome because the Yankees, particularly the fat and jiggling Ruth, conducted themselves with unseemly levity throughout the blue-ribbon classic, to give its old name for perhaps the last time. Mr. Ruth would not take his responsibilities solemnly, and not only he but the entire club of Yankees seemed to regard the challenge of the Cubs as a piece of amusing

_impudence, to be put down with great

emphasis, but without straining.

O OT OBER: el Soe

From Gridiron to Links With Virginia Van Wie

FOOTBALL star in pigtails and pinafores!

Yes! No less! And how!

Virginia Van Wie began her quest for athletic glory on the gridiron at the tender age of eleven. She ended it (or rather, brought it to its highest point to date) on the links of the Salem Country Club, Pea- when she defeated

body, Massachusetts,

Miss Van Wie and the Trophy She Won at the End of Her Eight-Year Title Trail

Glenna Collett Vare 10 and 8 for the national women's golf championship.

Ap Mrs. Vare, as you hardly need to be reminded, has long been to United States women's golf, more or less what Bobby Jones used to be to men's.

Miss Van Wie, the slender new queen of the links (succeeding Helen Hicks, last year's champion, who failed to qualify), was something of a tomboy in her little-girl days, the Associated Press recalls, apropos of her victory--a victory won after eight years of trying, and two defeats in the finals by Mrs. Vare.

She "'stubbornly refused to play with dolls or go to girls' parties as a youngster," weread. "Instead, she amazed her parents and friends by joining a boys' football team as a half-back. She was good enough to stick on the team, too, until she got stopt one day with a vicious tackle that almost broke her back.

"That injury ended football and basket- ball for Virginia. On her doctor's advice, she took up golf. She was eleven years old then. .

''Virginia's greatest shots are her ap- proaches, which have captured approx- imately fifteen golf championships of vary- ing importance in her ten years of tourna- ment competition. When her game falters, it is her woods or putts. Her iron play is

7

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TSteee lee AR Y.-DIGEST brilliant, and seldom does she derrick her

shots off line,' the Associated Press con- cludes.

Inspired by Miss Van Wie's victory, the moralizers have taken out and dusted off the good old maxim:

"Tf at first you don't succeed, try, try again."

Au over the country ''they are repeating it, without a shadow of doubt," says Kerr N. Petrie as he continues in the New York Herald Tribune:

Not so much are they quoting the motto to spur themselves to renewed activity and an improved standard of endeavor as to voice their approval of a twenty-three- year-old Chicago girl who didn't realize that she was beaten when she was being humili- ated as well as battered.

When the critics are appraising any sort of warrior, there is always one thing they want to know. Can he take it? If he can't, he slips in the popular estimation, and, as likely as not, soon will be forgotten. That goes for the feminine stars of sport as well as the men. For the heart has a great deal to do with success or failure in any line of endeavor.

Four years ago, at Hot Springs, Miss Van Wie suffered a defeat at the hands of Glenna Collett, now Mrs. E. H. Vare, Jr., that would have broken the heart of most golfers. It was such a defeat of humilia- tion--13 up and 12 to play--as never before was dealt to any finalist in the women's national championship.

Two years later Mrs. Vare and Miss Wie were again in the final. This time the Chicagoan was trounced by 6and 5. While in this there was no evidence of collapse, the dose was heavy enough to indicate that a gulf existed between the form of the pair which probably never could be bridged.

The game which ''Miss Van Wie tossed against her conqueror of former years, victor in five of these championship finals and loser in only one,'' has never been equaled for ''sheer mechanical precision and brilliance in the last round of the national championship,' Mr. Petrie tells us in another Herald Tribune account, in which we read further:

It is doubtful if it has ever been approx- imated in women's golf save, perhaps, in the epic match which Mrs. Vare and Miss Joyce Wethered flashed last year in the British classic.

Miss Van Wie in the morning played a round of golf that contained one mistake. There in itself is one for the book. That single error kept her from equaling men's par for the heavily trapt, testing Salem layout carved from the heart of the woods. She decimated women's par completely.

With two approximations, neither too liberal, Miss Van Wie played a 73 on her march to the title, which after she had taken two final-round beatings of 13 and 12, and 6 and 5 from Mrs. Vare, she must have begun to believe was to be denied her forever. But this time a gasping, gaping gallery saw the tables completely turned. Familiar as they are with the game's ec- centricities and uncertainties, they scarcely expected to see Mrs. Vare smothered as she was. Some favored this one of the finalists, some the other, but none looked for such a rout as transpired, least of all did they ever dream that anything of the kind should fall upon the shoulders of the five-time champion.

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INVESTMENTS

AND FINANCE

The Coolidge Railroad Commission

HERE ARE FIVE OF THEM. They are going to find out what is wrong with the rail- roads, and see what can be done about it. They form an impressive group, as a writer in the New York Daily Investment News describes them:

The first is a former President, a director of a life insurance company and a former newspaper columnist.

The second is a former governor of New York State, a business executive, a bank chairman, and a magazine editor.

The third is a high-minded capitalist, a railroad director, and a clear thinker. :

The fourth is a publisher and a director of the Associated Press, a man of power in crys- tallizing public thought.

The fifth is a former presi- dent of the Farm Board and the head of a large farm imple- ment and truck manufacturing

enterprise. She Rat «

Ix other words, Calvin

Coolidge, Alfred KE. Smith,

eee -- ee

Bernard M. Baruch, Clark Howell, Sr., and Alexander Legge, form this Railroad Commission. In general, these names appeal to the press, not that the men are railroad ex- perts, but because their stand- ing in the nation is such that whatever they say will have the greatest weight with the public, railroad executives, labor, and Congress.

And, incidentally, everybody seems to think that because of our ex-President's position at the head of the Board, it is going to be known commonly as the "Coolidge Commission."

of wage and employment of the 1,500,000 railway workers," and touching indirectly a great variety of industries, all the gov- ernmental units to which the railroads pay taxes, as well as being a matter of great ''concern to institutions which hold railroad obligations among their assets representing in part the savings of that thrifty portion of our population which is to be found among the policyholders of insurance companies and the de-

positors in savings-banks." According to this letter:

The present deplorable position of the railroads is not due wholly to the stagnation of traffic resulting from the long- continued depression.

Many of the present ills are due to governmental, financial, labor. and management policies, some wrong in conception, some wrong in application, and others rendered obsolete by radically changed conditions.

Tas railroads as such, their workers and the holders of their securities all deserve fair treatment. But more impor- tant than the interests of any one group, the letter goes on to say--

The people of the United States are entitled to the most effective and economical form of transportation to meet their various needs, whether by land, water, or air. Each form of transportation should be un- hampered to provide effec- tively at a reasonable cost and at a fair profit the service for which it is best fitted. No form of transportation should be favored either at the expense of another agency or at the ultimate expense of the people of the United States.

Let's Have a Look

me is ''the strongest small group drafted for the public service since war days,"' declares the Grand Rapids Herald.

"Its make-up and character supply the completest warrant of acceptability alike for the patient and all the patient's friends or well-wishers,"' in the opinion of the Boston News Bureau.

"Had a body of like eminence and ability deliberated on rail- road problems before superregulation began, many of the mis- takes of past years in this important industry might have been avoided,"' suggests the Cleveland News. And the Duluth News- Tribune concludes: "'the new crew will pilot the railroads to better days, clear the track for the prosperity special that now is being steamed up."

Such remarks indicate how wide-spread is the interest in this latest effort to straighten out the railroad tangle.

The non-partizan committee headed by Mr. Coolidge has been appointed by a group of thirty-one organizations, including savings-banks, insurance companies, bankers' organizations, the United States Chamber of Commerce, colleges holding large blocks of railroad securities in their endowment funds, and other financial and industrial groups.

Mr. Walter H. Bennett, president of the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank of New York, announced the selections on behalf Speaking of Mr. Coolidge, he remarked: "I believe him to be a level-headed gentleman."

of the sponsoring organizations.

In his letter of invitation to the members of the Commission, Mr. Bennett emphasized the gravity of the railroad erisis. He pointed out that it touches us all, affecting directly 'the security

48

--From the Cleveland

An so Messrs. Coolidge, Baruch, Smith, Howell, and Legge are asked to consider not only the railroadsalone, but the en- tire transportation problem and then 'recommend asolution which, with due regard for the public interest, will insure an opportunity for the railroads of this country to operate on a business basis, to the end that there may be a stabilization in employment of wage-earners and in the values of investments made in behalf of insurance policyholders and savings-bank depositors, and a general enhancement of the prosperity of the railroads and of the many lines of business which, in turn, depend upon them."

"News."

tan point is made in a statement given to the public by Mr. Bennett that the representatives of investors and railroad securities are not special pleaders asking favors. "On the con- trary, they realize that the present grave situation of the rail- ways is due at least in part to certain defects which railway man- agement itself should have undertaken to correct."

The members of the Coolidge Commission serve without pay and will be assisted by a staff of technical experts and, of course, will be able to use a number of special reports on transportation recently made in other countries.

Here are some of the questions we look to the new Com- mission to answer, says the Philadelphia Evening Public Ledger:

Has the management been inefficient?

Has labor been exorbitant in its demands either for wages or

for the employment of larger crews than were needed?

2 BNG the railroads been exploited by financiers for their own profit: ;

OCTOBER 15.

Has governmental carried too far?

Are the roads to be allowed to accumu- late surpluses in good times to carry them over bad times?

Besides these questions the relation of the railroads to their competitors must be studied.

Are the motor-trucking companies to be allowed to operate without that regulation to which the railroads must submit?

To what extent is the Government to enter into competition with the roads by operating water lines?

May the roads own ships to be operated in connection with the rails?

May the roads gather freight at the doors of the shippers and deliver it at the doors of the consignees?

What is to be done about the pipe-lines and the airships?

hapes" 2

interference been

In the narrow view, we read in The Busi- ness Week, ''the purpose of this commission is to bring the pressure of its big names and big investment backing to bear on Congress and the public to get new legisla- tion that will improve railroad business and strengthen railroad securities." The Com- mission is expected to ask for changes in the rate-making system, making it possible to modify rates to meet the conditions without the present red tape and delay. It is ex- pected to call for the repeal of the recapture provisions of the Transportation Act ''in line with the new feeling that the roads should be allowed healthier reserves against depression." Bus and truck operators will come in for their share of attention, and the Commission is expected to join in the demand on Congress to ''place highway transportation agencies on a regulatory par with the railroads." It is thought that the Commission will present a case against the large government expenditures on inland waterways.

However, says The Business Week, "'if such a summary of objectives suggests that this 'non-partizan' commission will function only in behalf of decidedly parti- zan investment interests, it is patently misleading.""' The members of the Com- mission and the groups behind them know that railroading is only one phase of the transportation problem. Indeed, concludes The Business Week:

As for prejudice in favor of the rail man- agements, on the contrary, it has long been clear that rail investors have felt the necessity of exercising some reformative control over management practises. The Coolidge Commission's recommendations will go to the railroad offices as well as to Congress, and are expected to cover sug- gested economies, to tackle delicate subjects like reciprocal buying, to urge changes in competitive set-up and a degree of modern- ization that may come as a shock to some of the roads.

There is a hint that a railroad pledge to carry out recommended reforms will enter into the bargain that brings to the roads so impressive a presentation of their case to the public.

The Commission comes into existence just as the four Eastern trunk-lines have agreed to the I. C. C.'s consolidation plan

Peso meAR YY DUGEST

(barring the settlement of the New En- gland split-up which is left for later deci- sion). It should smooth the way for com- pletion of the consolidation program and help to transfer its promised economies from paper to practise.

Its first announcement cuts across the news that President Fioover has asked the rail and rail labor executives to defer dis- cussion of further wage cuts until the end of the year. There is strong belief that the President had the possible results of its activities in mind when he suggested that the situation would be much clearer at that time.

In the opinion of the New York Sun:

"Formation of this committee in effect Serves notice on the railroads that the people who put up the money are sick and tired of feuds and divisions that interfere with wise management of the business as a whole.

At the same time it serves notice on blatherskites in Congress and out that in dealing with the railroads, government is dealing not merely with certain corpora- tions but also with the countless thousands of men and women who own deposits in savings banks or hold policies in insurance companies. Until now these have been the truly forgotten--forgotten by Congress- men and Commissioners, forgotten also by some presidents and directors.

ses one thing wanted from this Com- mission is something definite, bold, and

constructive, declares the Philadelphia

Record:

The railroad problem can only be solved by bold positive action which must involve stepping on somebody's toes.

If wages are cut, the employees suffer and the whole nation suffers from reduced purchasing power.

If competing bus and truck-lines are to be brought under the same type of regulation as the railroads, or if the railroads are to be allowed to enter the bus and truck field, oil and motor interests will protest.

If any paralle: 'ines are to be abandoned in order to eliminate wasteful competition, junior security holders will have to take a loss.

A cut in the interest rates on railroad bonds leads inevitably to government financing and eventually to a government ownership we all wish to avoid.

No single step can be taken to solve the railroad problem without clashing against certain interests, and no solution of the problem is possible without drastic mea- sures.

If this Commission, after expert analysis of the railroad problem, has the courage to propose fundamental remedies and to buck special interests--it will serve a great purpose.

Otherwise its work will only obscure the real problem and delay its solution.

"Tet there be speed," is The Wall Street

Journal's one wish. It feels that time is a

very important element in the situation--

It ought to be possible to make a report within six months or at the most nine. It is not a case of a meticulous inquiry into microscopic data. It is a case for isolating and correlating the broad influences which have brought the railroad industry into its present condition and viewing them in the light of clear principle.

The utmost speed consistent thoroughness is the great desideratum.

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(73

NE thing certain is: When more

money begins to be made, more money will begin to be spent."

And for proof of that statement, B. C. Forbes, writing in the New York American, cites a recent survey conducted by the executives of a nation-wide company which showed that a flood of buying power is ready to sweep the land if only the dam can be broken.

"Hope is being reborn in many quar- ters,'' Mr. Forbes continues. '"' Aspiration is displacing apprehension. Suppression of economic desires is giving way to thought and talk of satisfying them.

"Tt is not natural for Americans to be niggardly. They have not been acting naturally, and are becoming tired of their long-continued irksome rdle.

'Slight tho the recovery has been outside of security markets, some increase in buy- ing by the public has already manifested itself."'

Dios Mr. Forbes turns to the canvass of its 1,100 employees, from truck-drivers to executives, made by the Graybar Electric Company, Inc. Each employee was asked to send in a list of "'things my family and I need now and would buy if I could be assured that business and eco- nomic conditions would no longer de- cline, but, rather, steadily improve, and that improvement would be reflected in my income." Then:

The survey indicates that 1,110 em- ployees plan to buy:

Approx.

Unit

Units Value Value INew HlOmesiacen see 172 $1,021,500 $6,000 Automobiles. ........ 367 285,885 780 Refrigerators........ 491 85,211 175 Heating Equipment... 83 21,760 262 Washing Machines.... 277 20,966 £65) Riadloss oats tee 206 14,067 70 Troning Machines..... 155 13,192 85

Based on 1.5 people gainfully employed per family in this income group, ''the total deferred demand in the United States, which will be purchased probably within the next two or three years as business con- ditions improve," follows:

Units New Homes Sai catia tae eee 3,096,000 Automobiles eee eee eee 6,606,000 Refrigerators: 42... -3.geeareee tee 8,838,000 Heating Equipment... su. os ene an ae 1,494,000 Washing Machines: eraser erie 4,986,000 TRAGLOS i tex races oe cot ask wed aera area 3,708,000 I oy TTC IMO TASS es Gea noo eee A A 2,900,000

The conclusion reached is that there is forty billion dollars ''latent'' consumer

buying power in the United States at this moment.

As soon as conditions ''reasonably im-

prove,'' the following purchases should be made, the company believes:

Furniture': cas, eee cee $1,990,000,000 Rugs, floor coverings............ 816,000,000 Musical instruments............ 451,656,000 Women's clothing......... ....+ 1,494,000,000

Men's clothing......../. seeeeee 2,568,000,000

OCT OB ER

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LIBRARIANS

Should be sure that these standard books, in good condition, are in their libraries

Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary, Un- abridged. Buckram, Indexed; $16.00.

The Industrial Code, by Lauck and Vatts. $4.00.

The Immigration Problem, by Jenks & Lauck. $4.00.

The New Industrial Revolution and Wages, by Lauck.

New Standard Bible Dictionary, Cloth, $7.50. Buck- ram, E

Young's Analytical Concordance to the Bible. Cloth,

Hoyt's New Cyclopedia of Practical Quotations, Cloth, $7.50. Buckram, $8.50.

English Synonyms, Antonyms and Prepositions, by Fernald. Cloth, $2.25.

All Wholesalers or Direct from

FUNK & WAGNALLS CO... Publishers 354-360 Fourth Avenue. New York

HELPS THE NERVOUS

A book that is doing good among men and women who are nervously 'trun down," as well as the nervous dyspeptics and insomniacs, is H. Addington Bruce's remarkable work, Nerve Control and How to Gain It. If you suffer from physical or mental nervousness, it can help you.

316 pages. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50: $1.64, post-paid. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 354-360 Fourth Ave., New York

THE HEALTH-CARE OF THE BABY

By Louis Fischer, M.D. Feeding, teething, bathing, clothing, accidents, skin diseases, bad habits, scarlet fever, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, croup, colic, worms, tonsilitis. 267 pages. $1.10, post-paid.

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Pubs.. NEW YORK

The Greatest Buyer's Market in History

New products are appear- ing on the market. Old ones are being improved. Prices are changing. To- day's market offers the greatest buying oppor- tunities of all times. To help you recognize genu- ine values offered in commodities for the home, family and _ busi- ness, the Advertising Guide will be sent you free of charge. It is a convenient shopper's directory listing in order nationally-known products currently ad- vertised in The Digest. It gives names and ad- dresses of manufacturers, and tells you which offer interesting literature or trial samples

free copy «

THE ADVERTISING GUIDE

and buy with knowledge and safety. When you write for samples and literature or when you shop at your local dealer please say that you are a reader of The Literary Digest. By doing so you will be sure to receive quick and considerate attention.

Write for a

The Literary Digest 354 Fourth Avenue, New York City

Please scnd me a free copy of the Advertising Guide. (New Edition.)

Hegel EReACR Y D1 GEST

THE LEXICOGRAPHER'S EASY CHAIR

(TITLE REGISTERED IN U.S. PATENT OFFICE)

To decide questions concerning the correct use of words for this column, the Funk & Wagnalls New Standard Dictionary is consulted as arbiter.

Readers who require immediate attention will re- ceive it if they enclose a stamped return envelop. No notice will be taken of anonymous communications.

from; of.--''S. M. C.,'' Monticello, Ark.--The preposition from is often incorrectly used for of. From should not be used elliptically. Do not say "He died from pneumonia'? when you mean from the effects of pneumonia. Here effect suggests the cause from which the result proceeded. ''He died of pneumonia"' is correct.

like.--''E. D.,'' McKeesport, Pa.--Like in the sense of resemble is never followed by a pronoun in the first person. ''People like (resembling) her do not pay their rent''; not, '' People like she, ."' In case of doubt, form the sentence in full, os People (who are) like her do not pay their

malice.--''C, E. T.,'' Los Angeles, Calif.-- This word is rarely used in the plural; but like its counterpart Jove, there is nothing to prevent a plural construction when the necessity arises. One can properly say, ''They had no hatreds to bear, no malices to gratify."

minute.--''J. . S.,'' Erie, Pa.--The word minute, in the phrase ''minute tapioca,'' having reference to the time of cooking and not to the size of the grains, is pronounced min'it--first i as in hit, second i as in habit.

molasses.--'E. M.,'' Chicago, Ill.--J/folasses is a noun, and either the definite article or the indefinite article, as well as the pronouns this, that, these, or those, may be used with it. It has the same form in the plural as in the singular. One speaks of a@ molasses, the molasses, or those molasses.

music.--''M. W. G.,'' Hazleton, Pa.--In the time of Shakespeare, the term music was used rarely to mean the musicians, the orchestra, the band, or company that furnished the music. That usage has completely disappeared, and band or choir now signifies a musical organization, an organization with an essential purpose of furnish- ing music.

niche.--"'E. P.,'' Islington, Mass.--There is no record of any other English pronunciation of this word than that recorded in the diction- ary--nich,iasin hit, chasin chin. In French, the pronunciation is as tho it were spelled neesh.

nursery.--''H.C.S.,'' Hallettsville, Tex--The pronunciation of nursery, regardless of its appti- cation, is nurs'er-y, never nurz'er-y.

open letter.--''F. S.,'' Kingston, N. Y.-- This expression is defined as: 'A letter ostensibly addressed to some individual, but intended and published for the public without sending it to the person addressed."'

probability, in all.--''I. A. M.,'' New York City.--The phrase ''in all probability'' is an accepted idiom; in established use for some three hundred years, Prior to that time, the all was not a part of the idiom; the phrase was written either ''in probability'' or ''by probability."'

tatterdemalion.--"J. G. S.,'' Chicago, Il. This word is a noun commonly used to designate "a person in tattered clothing: any ragged or beggarly fellow''; but this noun has been used attributively since 1614, and we speak not merely of tatterdemalion clothing, but of tatterdemalion figures, fragments, and speech, whenever these are ragged, slovenly, and careless.

the.--''M. A. D.,'' Miami, Fla.--The definite article has by no means been discarded in the phrases ''in the future,' ''in the past.'' As the result of carelessness or laziness, one often hears "in future,' but good writers still continue to insert the article.

vox pop.--'W. E. ©C.,'' Lansing, Mich.-- Voz pop. is a humorous abbreviation of the Latin words vor populi, meaning, the voice of the people. Altho the Latin v has the sound of our w, the Latin word voz is completely Anglicized and, except when reading Latin, is never pronounced other than it is spelled.

wearing-apparel.--''W. P. D.,'' Rome, N. Y. --This idiom is very old, and goes back to the times when apparel included such things as house furnishings, ship's gearing, and the like, as well as jewels and clothing. The term apparel is now restricted to clothing and to ecclesiastical vest- ments; but when referring to the early milliner it is quite appropriate to use the older term, wearing-apparel.

youthily.--'N. G.,'' Hebron, Neb.--The ad- jective youthily, revived by Dreiser, was in occa- sional use in the 18th century. Its last noteworthy appearance was by Shelley, more than a hundred years ago. With the more familiar youthful, having identical meaning, to draw upon, there is nothing to justify its renaissance.

|

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THE SPICE OF LIFE

Travel Note.--''Does the giraffe get a sore throat if he gets wet feet?"'

"Yes, but not until the next week."-- Allt for Alla (Stockholm).

Life's Little Surprizes.-- What a world! To be a valedictorian and then get a job working for a fellow who dropt out at the eighth grade.--San Francisco Chronicle.

He Holds the Queen.--'' What I am to- day I owe to my wife," he said proudly.

"Well, what are you?" sneered.

"Tm the husband of the best bridge player in our neighborhood." --Boston Transcript.

Skinned From the Start. --wWell, there's still a sucker being born every minute. The trouble is he hasn't got anything you can take away from him.--Judge.

Scrambled Fiction.--They say Shakespeare never told the same story twice, but there's nothing unusual in that. Plenty of court wit- nesses have the same record. -- Denver Rocky Mountain News.

Beating the Depression.-- "Yes, me and Bill are in partnership in this selling game, but we don't carry the same goods."

"Explain yourself."

"Well, Bill goes around selling a stove polish that leaves a stain on your fingers, and two days later I go around with the only soap that will take it off."--Philadelphia Star.

Vicarious Fame.--'' Why don't you take a holiday and go fishing?"'

"Why should I?" rejoined Senator Sorghum. ''I can send a secretary fishing, and let him announce the catch publicly, while I remain at home and take some much-needed rest.'"-- Washington Star.

Only Novices Admitted.--''But," pro- tested the new arrival, as St. Peter handed him a golden trumpet, ''I can't play this instrument; I never practised while on earth."

"Of course you didn't,'? chuckled the saint. ''That's why you are here."'-- Legion Weekly.

Back to That Happy Land.--A Spaniard, an American, and a Scotsman were dis- cussing what they would do if they awoke one morning to discover that they were millionaires.

The Spaniard said he would build a bull ring.

The American said he would to have a time.

The Scotsman said he would go to sleep again to see if he could make another milllion.--Boston Globe.

52

go to Paris

the other

(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE)

Recipe for Wrinkles.--''Hallo, old man! _--

How you've changed! What's making you look so old?"'

"Trying to keep young," was the reply.

"Trying to keep young?"

''Ves--nine of them,' was the gloomy response.--I pswich Star.

Loose Shutter, Maybe.--EtpERLy AUNT (to her nephew, a poor preacher) --'' James, why did you enter the ministry?"

"Because I was called,'' he answered.

"James," said the old lady anxiously, as she looked up from wiping her spec- tacles, ''are you sure it wasn't some other noise you heard?''-- Montreal Gazette.

"Pll take the cash, you'd better take something for that cold!"'

---- 'judge.'

What Bobby Sang.--M otHER--'' Bobby, did you do anything besides eat at the school picnic?"'

Bospy--' Yes, Mummie, we sang a hymn called, 'We Can Sing, Full Though We Be.'"

Inquiries revealed that the title of the hymn was, ''Weak and Sinful Though We Be.''--Lindsay Post.

Down Where the Wurzburger Flows. -- The policeman's son was learning music.

"How many beats are there to the bar in this piece of music, Dad?"'

"Fancy asking a policeman a question like that,' said the boy's mother. 'If you asked your daddy how many bars there were to the beat he might have been able to tell you!" --T%t-Bits.

When November Comes.--A man walked into a hat shop.

'"'Tve just lost a bet," he said, ''and I want a soft hat."

The salesman, selecting a hat from the shelf behind him, handed it to the pros- pective customer with the remark:--

""This is the softest hat we've got.'

The customer gazed at it speculatively. "What I want," he said, reluctantly, ''is something a little more tender. I've got to eat it."--Dundas Star.

--Slips-Fhat Pass in the Night

Somebody Half Shot?-- Fayette County Had 26 Accidents and One Partial Fatality --Jeffersonville (Ohio) Citizen.

Ought to Speak Good.--WaAnTEDS well- looking man, age 25 to 40. Who speaks both English and Portuguese flownly. As

interpreter for traveling saleman in city. .

Paid good.--Ad in a Rio de Janeiro paper.

Depression? Pooh! Pooh!--The bees go in through a hole near Traveler's neck and, free from outside inter- ference, industriously make money which has steadily

and Observer.

boarders wanted at $25.00 per month. Nice rooms and males as good as can be found

which parents may control

reported to-day at the Inter- national Congress of Geneties. --Ardmore (Okla.) paper.

Details, Messenger has been asked to extend the thanks of the Lions to the Boy Scouts for their first-aid tent which was used when one of the musi- cians sprained his ankle playing a trom- bone.--Midlothian (ll.) paper.

The Kind That Mothers Forget.--Used --

pie for sale-----Ad in the Prescott (Ariz.) Courter.

Might Break the Mirror.--Gandhi in- tends to stare himself to death.--Kansas City Journal Post.

Mean on the Pants too.--Rain tonight and Tuesday. Fresh to strong southeast winds on the coat.--Selma (Ala.) Times- Journal.

Nothing to Wire /Home About.--Presi- dent Pascual Ortiz Rubio late to-day opened the 35th Mexican Congress with his annual address amid a wave of con- flicting reporcs that he would tender his resignation within 48 years.-- Boston Herald.

Turning the Corner with a Wallop. -- "Based upon these broad general prin- ciples, one must make an appraisal of the

economic outlook. There' is unquestion- |

ably a change in confidence and sentiment marked largely by the change in golf policy."--News report in the Philadelphia Public Ledger.

%

accumulated.--Raleigh News ~ Ladies, Attention!--A few

in Hartsville are guaranteed. ' --Hartsville (S.C.) Messenger. |

Twins? -- A method by' sex of their children before'

birth, described as successful . in 77 out of 76 trials, was

Please! -- The

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