Literary Digest 1932-09-24: Vol 114 Iss 13

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14, No. 13

"There's more to smoking

if you stay MOUTH-HAPPY!"

"Tve been asmoker for nigh on to fifty years... smoked everything from corn-silk to those harem water-pipes. My biggest smoke-thrill? Mouth- happiness. Ill tell you how I got tt.

1. "My first Spud took me by sur- ) prise. I wasn't used to menthol in my tobacco. I wasn't used to that extraordi-

nary coolness.

2. "I smoked a few more Spuds. The menthol taste began to disappear. I found the coolness made my palate keener to Spud's fine tobacco.

3. " By the time I had finished my first pack of Spuds, I discovered that coolness meant a fresh, clean taste, no matter how much I smoked.

That's why I say, there's more to smoking if you stay mouth-happy. And I wouldn't switch from Spud now, for anything . . . no sir!" f

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THE LITERARY: DIGEST

CONTENTS

THE LITERARY DIGEST for SEPTEMBER 24, 1932

Votume 114 Noumser 13

Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue New York

b+ + +

TOPICS OF THE DAY

Maine's Republican Warning ......-...- 5 First Poll Figures Give 'Hoover a Slight head' 262 2120 es, 1c es 7 New York Amazed by Its New Mayor.... 9 A Summer Seething With Politics .....- . 10 Texas Tangled in "Ma's" Apron Strings . . - 11 The Bonus Bomb Bursts Into the Campaign . 12 ToOpicsun Dieteemeneet aks sli Ge) as El 13

FOREIGN COMMENT

Germany Under "Dictatorship" ........ 14 A Franco-German Children's Republic... . 15 Gandhitsssuicides i bteat > ©) sks eee 16

Danger Signs on the Soviet Five-Year Plan . 17

LETTERS AND ART

The Film Goes Highbrow........... 18 DiAnnunzie:s New idole... =. 2 =. 5. sieve 19 'Are: the: Arts saViestigialave = 2c.) s/o) ates 19 Siro Walters) wPeteMatjorie: . . ..cl. -vo ses 20 Phe' Covet. sacericas aes: osha 5, Se eme 20

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

Street Lights and Motor Accidents ...... 22 Frameless Steel' Houses'... . 2. . = «, pase Can We Tell a Crook by His Looks? .... 24 Wrong Eagle on Washington Coin ..... 26 (A (DiabolicaliRiock Profile} ee a eee ee 26 Making 'ChildreniuGrows. «= 5 ee oe 26 SPORTS AND ATHLETICS

Now for a Question-Box Football Season .'. 28 Babe Ruth Picks His All-America Baseball

it oro Wotan ton) cS Se em Rem e Ne 31 To-morrowss. Sport bleroes' .. «0. ) sae 33 Queens of the Sport of Kings ........ 34 Hailing Vines as the World's "Supreme

'Tenats-Playets 9 ..s 3 hc cho eee 36

INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE Chances for a Business Revival This Fall . . 44

Razing Buildings to Save Taxes ....... 47 MISCELLANEOUS Here's Light for Digest Poll Fans on the Blectoral \Gollegevan: « ceieate eee 40 The Spice of. Lifenos. «=e eee 48

Information for Subscribers

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NIGHT WATCHMAN...

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E KNOWS by heart the nocturnal voice of every dog in H the neighborhood. He hears the milkman make his morning rounds. Another night of tossing and turning. An- other night that forecasts a day of nervousness and irritability. What a price to pay fora moment of dinner-time folly! ...

There are no two ways about it, coffee simply does not agree with some people. True, many people can drink it in moderation and not suffer from sleeplessness or other ill effects. But not everyone is so fortunate.

For coffee contains a stimulant--the drug called caffein. This drug can whip nerves to a point where sleep is impossible ... robbing you of the rest your body so sorely needs... forcing you to draw upon your precious reserve of strength that should be jealously guarded.

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The Literary Digest

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 24,

1937

TOPICS OF THE DAY Maine's Republican. Warning

KEEN-WITTED, DAPPER LITTLE LAWYER sits

back in his office in Lewiston and reflects that he is the

fourth Democrat to be elected Governor of Maine since the Civil War.

All he can see in the tremendous outpouring of Maine voters which upset Maine's normal Republicanism and elected him Governor by the narrow margin of some 2,500 votes is '"'a renewed interest in government and public affairs."

But all over the rest of the country the Democratic victory in Maine is either joyously hailed or quietly recognized as a warning to the Republican party that the election of a Democratic President in, November is at least a possi- bility.

It is even suggested that it might be looked on as a warning also to the Democrats not to be counting their November chickens in September. There is still time, remarks the pro-Roosevelt New York World-Telegram, "for campaign strategy or tactical blunders to change the public temperament."

But President Hoover himself was moved to say to National Chairman Sanders: "The result of the election in Maine imposes need for renewed and stronger effort that the people may fully understand the issues at stake.'

In New Hampshire, next door to Maine, Senator George H. Moses declares that the Republicans must realize the necessity con- fronting them to '"'organize and develop enthusiasm." And like a number of other Republicans, Senator Moses recalls that back in 1880 the Democrats elected a Governor in Maine in a Presidential year, but that in November a Republican, James A. Garfield, was elected President. Therefore, concludes the New Hampshire Senator, '"'the policy for Republicans henceforth is to remember 1880 and repeat the job."

Senator Felix Hebert of Rhode Island, Eastern Republican campaign manager, professes confidence that his party will benefit by the Maine warning:

""With the menace of loose and dangerous political and economic leadership reaching out for every will-of-the-wisp, the next few weeks will see such a rallying of the responsible elements in our national life as no previous campaign has ever witnessed."

Keystone-Underwood

Louis Jefferson

WN arvnauty, Democrats make the most of the Maine verdict. "The tide in this country has definitely turned from the Repub- lican leadership,' declares Presidential candidate Franklin 1D); Roosevelt in his telegram congratulating Governor-elect Brann on his election as ''a forerunner of the faith of the country in the Democratic party and its representatives."

For once at least, says former Governor Harry Flood Byrd of Virginia, ''the results in Maine are a real barometer of the

national sentiment."

A Warning to Republicans

Governor-Elect of Maine.

But before we go any further, let us see what they think about it down in Maine. ''The results in Maine mean we can carry the State for Roosevelt in November" is the confident assertion of Democratic State Chairman John R. Dooley. But Republican State Chairman Daniel T. Field is just as sure that local issues were the determining factors, and insists that ''Hoover would have carried the State had he been running at this election." And when it: comes to the Maine papers, we find the Portland Evening Express (Ind.) asking, ''what did it?" and it can find

"but one answer to this post-mortem query":

"Tt was economic conditions.

"The Democrats tried harder than they had done before in a generation, and that helped some. Prohibition may have added a little to the power of the Democratic surge. The party had an able and resource- ful candidate in Mr. Brann. These were fac- tors, but factors of minor importance.

in Maine, and it has come because the people of the State who had toiled wearily and resentfully through the three long years of deprest business conditions were determined to show their resentment, and they took the opportunity which their moments in their election booths afforded them.

'"Mr. Brann's election doesn't insure Herbert Hoover's defeat, but if the rest of the country feels at all the way Maine feels, the prospects are not encouraging."

State, the Saco News, explains it like this:

because they had suffered enough from the

kind of Republicanism that has been in

office since the advent of Mr. Harding at the White House. They have learned their lesson through sorrow and trouble, through unemployment and its consequent miseries."

Brann, Democratic

The Maine Sentinel of Waterville characterizes the voting as ''a, protest against the present economic conditions." A strong statement comes from the Portland Evening News (Ind. Rep.):

"Tt may safely be prophesied on the face of this showing that the Democrats will sweep the nation in November and put Franklin D. Roosevelt in the White House."

In rural Aroostook County the Houlton Times argues that in times of depression the voters almost always turn against the party in power, '"'the thought being that under a change of administration conditions could not be any worse."' "Economic conditions probably were a major factor," says the Augusta Kennebec Journal (Rep.), which adds that 'Prohibition had some minor influence.' It might be noted here that in the Maine campaign Republicans ran as drys, Democrats as wets, and that of the three Congressmen elected two were Democratic wets, replacing Republican drys, and one a Republican dry, who was reelected. The Bangor News (Rep.), which on election day morn- ing had predicted a Republican victory, now attributes the unex- pected defeat to hard times, Prohibition, factional fights, and a

"There has come a political revolution

Onz of the two Democratic papers in the

''Republicans voted the Democratic ticket.

6 THE CETERA RY sD Croan

feeble Republican campaign. To conclude with a word from a Republican daily which is still cheerful, we find the Lewiston Journal declaring that ''the world has not come to an end, Maine will not vote against Mr. Hoover in November."

Bor as we glance across the country there are plenty of Demo- cratic papers which are sure enough that Maine has foreshadowed Democratic success. The Cleveland Plain Dealer thinks the result '"'indicates a deep-seated conviction on the part of thou- sands of voters that a political change in the White House is desirable." ''It looks like a hard year on Hoover," comments the Dallas News in Texas. It is simply impossible to exaggerate the 'importance of so complete and so dramatic a victory," thinks the Providence News-Tribune:

NORMAL REPUBLICAN MAJORITY 30-9000

"Tt is too complete a victory to be attributable to anything but a deep- seated determination to punish the Hoover Administration for its dismal record of incompetence and indifference to the human aspects of the panic. It upsets the Republican theory that wher- ever else their prospects might be black, they were rosy on the conservative Eastern front. It indicates that there is not a State in the Union to-day which may not, given the same organization and the same fighting spirit shown by the Democrats of Maine, be carried by the Democrats. Yet with all this, Dem- ocrats should beware of overoptimism. This glorious result in Maine does not mean that the country has been won, but that it can be won, and won hand- somely, if the Democracy will fight in- telligently for the victory."

REPUBLICAN

"Will not like causes produce like effects all over the country -- next November?" The question comes from the New York Times (Dem.), which continues:

"This is the question which will make Republican managers haggard and sleepless from now till election day. They will feel that they have to deal with something imponderable, but probably invincible. If everything may go wrong in so supposedly firmly anchored a State as Maine, what may not happen elsewhere? No politician can now shut his eyes to the fact that a great mass of American voters are cherishing grievances against the Repub- lican party which they are at present disposed to wreak upon its eandidates in the Presidential election. This impalpable but real political drift may be unreasonable, illogical, and perfectly unfair toward President Hoover. But there it is."

"A sTaTE heralds the action of a nation about to ask at the polls for a new deal," is the way the pro-Roosevelt Philadelphia Record sums it all up. And a leading editorial in the Hearst New York American concludes similarly: ''A mighty phalanx of States will soon move into line. Maine is only the first."

And a Hoover paper like the New York Evening Post is hardly less imprest by the result in Maine. It says:

'""No man in his senses can doubt that the Maine election of 1932 means that Franklin Roosevelt will almost certainly be elected President of the United States in November, and would certainly be so elected, were the election to-morrow."

Similar declarations come from papers of all political faiths and from a number of political writers. Republican dailies, how- ever, while realizing that the Maine result is a danger signal, declare that it is also a call to action. The New York Herald Tribune calls upon every Republican to lend a hand in helping to convince the nation that 'nothing can be gained by a change of leadership in the present critical stage of national recovery," and "much can be lost." 'Republicans must fight and fight hard," agrees the Philadelphia Inquirer. If this ominous Maine result "serves to arouse the fighting spirit of the Republican

The Deadly Indicator (Later returns doubled the Democratic majority) --Chasebel in the Washington ''Post."

SEPTEMBER £24), © leOugez

,

party, the campaign may take on a different complexion," says the pro-Hoover Washington Post, and in the independent Washington Evening Siar we read:

"The Maine election will serve to show the Republicans the desperateness of the fight they face. It should bring them to redoubled effort. There have been indications that sentiment was swinging to President Hoover in this Presidential contest. The Presidential election in November can not be settled by Maine's election in September. It should not be so settled. But it is clear that the Republican leaders have a great job on their hands. They must convince the voting public of the sound- ness of the Administration leadership.

'Republicans have won before when the case seemed hopeless. In 1896, when the late William Jennings Bryan was the Demo- cratic nominee for President for the first time, in September it appeared that nothing could stop the sweep of Democratic sentiment. But when the votes were counted in November, William McKinley was declared the winner. President Hoover may be able to repeat the performance of the late President MeKinley."'

Ann a leading Republican daily of the Pacific coast, the San Francisco Chronicle, argues this way about it:

"The election in Maine illustrates only what everybody knew before, that there is a hard-times reaction against the party in power. If the election had been a year ago, the reaction would have been much greater. Six months ago: it would have been less, and now it is still less. If the present drift continues, it will be very much less in November. The result of the election, then, will depend on how much less, and that may depend on things that have not yet hap- pened. Prophecy either way is futile.'':

The wet angle of the Maine election is dwelt on by the Baltimore Sun (Ind. Dem.):

'""The significance of the result is underscored by the fact that the lines were sharply drawn during the Maine campaign on the issue of Prohibition. The Republican candidate for the Governor- ship, and the Republican Congressional candidates as well, espoused the traditional Prohibition policy to which the people of Maine have adhered since the days of Neal Dow. Democratic candidates, on the other hand, not only indorsed the Chicago platform of their party, but actively argued the case for repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment on the stump. The Democratic victory, therefore, represents not only a reversal of the usual partizan trend, but also a reform movement on the issue of Prohibition, on which Maine had been regarded as immovable."

W ivx Governor Roosevelt on a speaking tour of the agricul- tural West as the Maine returns were coming in, it seems to Clarence L. Linz of the New York Journal of Commerce that the significance of the Maine election ''can not be overlooked as manifesting a farm and wet revolt;" ''Maine like the Mid-West is largely agrarian." So it is interesting to note that, two days after the Maine election, Governor Roosevelt at Topeka outlined a farm-relief plan. The six points of this plan are summed up as follows by the United Press:

"1. A tariff benefit over world prices which is equivalent to the benefits given by the tariff to industrial products.

"2. The plan must finance itself.

"3. It must not make use of any mechanism which would cause European customers to retaliate on the ground of dumping.

"4. It must make use of existing agencies, and so far as pos- sible be decentralized in its administration, placing responsibility for operation upon the locality rather than upon Washington.

"5. It must operate as nearly as possible on a cooperative basis, and it must strengthen the cooperative movement.

"6. The plan must not be coercive. It must be voluntary."

Tans

%

BoEPTEMBER 24, .1932

Her easeel ERIAIRIY. D1GES.T

First Poll Figures Give Hoover a Slight Lead

PRETTY EVEN START for a long, hard race--that's the first impression one receives from the initial tabu- lation in Tur Diaxsv's Presidential poll. ""They're off''--almost neck and neck. One contestant shows slightly to the front. Hoover.

It is President

In other and less sporting terms, here is a small and scat- _tered array of 60,327 straw votes, of which 28,193 are for Hoover and 27,654 for Roose- velt, while the minor candi- dates divide 4,480 among them.

It would be easy to attach too much importance, how- ever, to the positions of rivals at the very outset of a race.

This mere handful of ballots, from five random States, hap- pen to be the first to come from the hands of our tab- ulators, after the long and intricate work of classifying them in the variety of ways made necessary by the com- plete information of previous voting, and so on, disclosed in a Lirrrary Digest poll.

The relative positions of President Hoover and Gov- ernor Roosevelt in the voting at this initial stage of the poll is a cireumstance upon which sagacious students of the great straw vote will suspend their judgment.

Ballots are now flowing back in a strong and increasing tide. Piles of incoming mail-bags disgorge them by the hundred thou- .sand. As fast as they arrive they are pounced upon by our examiners, counters, and tabulators.

Hever stage of the statistical work involves a careful recheck- ing, but the progress is as rapid as Tue Dicsst's standards of accuracy will permit. At the gait our staff has struck now, next week's report is likely to embrace more than twice as many States, with a tabulation of votes multiplying this week's totals many times over.

Will Hoover still be ahead?

Will Roosevelt have passed his rival?

Will they be running a neck-and-neck race?

The tabulation on this page prompts those questions, but does not answer them. It does, however, contain much sugges- tive matter for study.

Indiana, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia

HOOVER

1932 Total Vote

How the same

Rep. Dem.

873 95 12,106 990 1,082) .111 7,641 2412 1,244

1,109 14,933 1,433 9,142 1,576

PENNSYLVANIA... West VIRGINIA..

LITERARY OIGEST PRESIDENTIAL STRAW VOTE

Seesaw --DMacauley in the New York "Daily Mirror."

Voters voted in 1928 _

Not Soc. Proh. Com. Vote

are the States from which those 60,327 first-arriving ballots came flying home. Comparing the votes of the two major candidates by States, we find some surprizes--that is, they might be sur- prizes if this were the last instead of the first report of the poll.

We find Hoover ahead in two States--Indiana and New York. We find Roosevelt ahead in three States--Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, and West Virginia.

It is the early and fragmen- tary New York vote which gives the President his perhaps fortuitous lead at this stage of the poll.

'Teme to the columns showing how the same voters voted in 1928, we find nothing exciting on the Hoover side of the table. The number of his voters who voted the Dem- ocratic ticket four years ago is a mere bagatelle--about one- sixteenth of his total.

Hardly any drift from the Democratic to the Republican side at this initial stage of the poll.

But it's another story on the other side of the table. Of the 27,654 Roosevelt ballots, 10,- 927 voted for Hoover in 1928. Between a third and a half of the Roosevelt vote.

Of course, the drift indications in this introductory tabulation are just as inconclusive as the relative positions of the candidates. Besides, so many Democrats voted for Hoover in 1928 that any such drift as the one under discussion might be simply a home- coming of Democrats to their normal party allegiance.

After the Maine election (dealt with in our leading ''Topie''), the President's adherents may feel heartened by his starting off not so badly in the Diexst poll. It's pleasant to give encour- agement to a great national group which includes many Dieust readers, but we think it would be a mistake for them to bank too heavily on that encouragement, for the poll may show quite a different face next week or next month.

Ox the other hand, of course, the figures may continue to smile on Mr. Hoover, and in that case we will advise the Roosevelt adherents (who also includemany Digrstreaders) not to despond, as the fortune of war may turn to them in the later stages of Or, if not--why, better luck next time! For many weeks

the mammoth straw vote. 'Tis a season of straw votes, big and little. the Hearst newspapers have been conducting a poll which gives

ROOSEVELT

1932 T otal Vote

How the same Voters voted in 1928 Soc.

I Dem. Soc. Lab. Lab. Proh. Com.

290 470 1 = = 146 4,299 5,860 19 ~ = 1,729 57: 618 2 - 247 Dizzee GOZmm LG 1 2,079 554 1,318 2 - 301

Rep. Vote

907

28,193 22,846

TOTALS.....

10,927 12,168 41

8 THE LITERARY DIGEST SE Pd) EIViese i Gieeeeeteenor

Governor Roosevelt a majority. And here's an interesting one from Kansas. Our readers may remember that the Wichita Beacon last spring took a straw vote to check up THE DicsEst's Prohibition poll and obtained wet and dry percentages strikingly corresponding with those shown by our own figures from Wichita. Well, the same paper has now taken a '' Presidential, Senatorial,

~MY LAND THIS''LL BE THE FIRST TOTAL ECuPSE j'vE WITNESSED IN SIXTEEN YEARS? fas

4

ie a ;

bZZZL, 'GZ C2 "7 Z ge wo Care <a

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Ja ive. Yi CEA, 35 !

All Depends on the Point of View --Clubb in the Albany ''Knickerbocker Press."

and gubernatorial straw vote'? which ''gives leadership to Franklin D. Roosevelt for President, to Dr. J. R. Brinkley for Governor, and to George Alfred Brown, Wichita independent, for the seat in the Senate of the United States now occupied by a Democrat, George McGill." The Beacon tells us further:

"President Hoover has been steadily gaining strength since the first three days of the balloting. At the beginning Roosevelt had a lead of practically four to one over Hoover. The final results show the Democratic candidate for the Presidency had a lead of less than two to one over his Republican opponent.

""The completed count is:

For President

IELORDONUIELOOV-Cly, warvcentns coast eccatont ore cueme, eecee ho retaie cl eect ate 5,561

iramclin Dl vOOSCV Ell ween vec ce cette lean ete eae re ee 9,157 For Senator

Bems*Paulen opublican ameter snrics tei ee Cee: 3,179

George Alfred Brown, Independent................... 6,082

GeorzesVicGull Democrat aaa ean iia eee 4,494

MINOR CANDIDATES Thomas Reynolds Coxey Upshaw Foster 1932 1932 1982 1932 1932

Votes Votes Votes Votes

52 1 15 1,865 16 135 @ PENNSYLVANIA... 1,656 21 West VIRGINIA... 84 ia

3,792

Votes

Porause) we

For Governor ee Dr. J. R. Brinkley, Independent............-.--++:: : Alfred M. Landon, Republican..........-....+.+...s Harry Woodring, Democrat... .....---- 1s eee eeees

"The Beacon's straw vote has attracted national attention. National magazines of opinion are watching the result closely believing that The Beacon's straw vote may afford them an accu- rate guide as to political sentiment in the Middle West and the Southwest as well as in Kansas."

The war staffs of the rival armies--both with "'empty war chests," as the Baltimore Sun reminds us--are sagaciously acting on the assumption that every vote, Republican or Democratic, is going to count.

They've seen too many ''landslides" that died a-borning!

There was the Democratic 'landslide'? that Senator Pat Harrison, of Mississippi, prophesied early and late in 1928.

"In the face of the showing for Mr. Hoover made in the Digest poll," as W. W. Jermane recalls in a Washington dispatch to the Seattle Times, the optimistic Senator stuck to that "'land- slide" almost up to election day.

Speaking of the uncertainty of this year's election, we read in the same dispatch:

"Tt may take the Presidential poll of Tue Lirzrary Digest to show the country, in advance of election day, what is to happen. In 1924, and again in 1928, it hit very close to the mark. Its Prohibition polls were so nearly accurate as to convince the most skeptical drys that its methods of taking straw votes may be relied upon."

Tue Times correspondent recalls some of the "forecasts that were made, chiefly by politicians, in 1924 and 1928, and various straw votes on ocean liners, in colleges and elsewhere in the latter year.' Also he reminds us that ''La Follette's campaign man- agers predicted, in 1924, that he would carry seven States. He actually carried one, Wisconsin, and received its thirteen elec- toral votes."

In this connection it is pleasant to remember that Tur Digrst alone among political oracles forecast persistently the capture by La Follette of Wisconsin, and Wisconsin only, whereby our polling system' scored one of its many bull's-eyes.

Mr. Jermane remarks:

"There is an unusual amount of ballyhoo in this year's cam- paign, to which Times readers, if they are wise, will give little heed. There is as much of it in one major party as in the other, and it will take something like the poll Tas Dienst is making to give the country the situation as it really exists.

'""The business depression is the major liability of the Repub- licans, just as it is the major asset of the Democrats.

'"'Tf the depression by the middle of October shows unmistak- able signs of decreasing in intensity, with an unmistakable promise of better times not many months ahead, Mr. Hoover will be helped. But there is nobody at this moment who knows whether there is to be enough of this help to reelect him.

"Tf the Digest pollis to show Mr. Roosevelt cunning far ahead, the depression will be responsible for it in a larger way than every- thing else. This is the naked truth about the situation."

Some critics regard this year's election as so subject to sudden reversions of public sentiment that they argue against the Diaust poll's being as accurate a barometer as it has been in the past.

There were some who argued that way in 1928.

"It is not to be expected," said the Houston Post-Dispatch in that year, ''that the Lirprary 'Digest poll will foreshadow the 1928 results with such close fidelity as the 1924 poll fore- shadowed the results of that year.''

History was to tell a different story, and Josephus Daniels's paper, the Raleigh News and Observer, was to exclaim:

"In view of the accuracy of the Lirzrary Digest polls in 1924 and 1928, it might be a good idea hereafter quadrennially

to quit holding elections and accept Tur Diarsr's polls as final. It would save millions in money and in time."

{Poll News continued on Page 40}

eee vor Re) 9382) THE LITERARY DIGEST

New York Amazed

HAT GUY McKEE IS GOIN' TO RUIN this town."

So, the story goes, exclaimed a New York "political racketeer,"" when booming head-lines announced the slashing drive for municipal economy begun by the new "'shirt- sleeve Mayor,'' smiling, freckled Joseph V. McKee.

But if the racketeer was disgruntled, the city's taxpayers seem delighted. Surprized and pleased beyond measure, judg- ing by press comment, New York is left almost gasping by the rapid-fire accomplishments of its hard-working, breaking, subway-riding new chief.

Out of the political welter created by the resignation of Mayor - James J. Walker and his attack upon Governor Roosevelt in the midst of Walker's ouster hearing, Mr.-MeKee emerges as a new center of interest for the land, as something unique in municipal administration. President of the Board of Aldermen, he auto- matically became Mayor when Walker quit.

Jumping into his new job with the promise that "every penny of unnecessary expense will be cut," Mr. McKee gladdened the taxpayers by showing what a ''new broom'"' can do in afew days. Here are his accomplishments of one week, as summarized by the New York Daily News:

C6.

precedent-

""He slashed his own salary more than 30 per cent. [from $40,000 to $25,000], and cut depart- ment heads' salaries down to $12,000 a year, saving $151,000 immediately.

"He announced a $2,000,000 future saving in ' rapid salary cuts, but added he wouldn't cut any- body getting less than $2,000 a year.

"He organized the police force for getting down to work at a quick census of all unemployed, so that the city will know how much relief will be needed this winter.

"He dashed down to Wall Street and wangled a new $15,000,000 short-term loan for the city at a half per cent. lower interest than the city has been able to get from the bankers recently.

"He rode roughshod over Tammany members of the Board of Estimate in breaking up a ten- year-old monopoly one firm had on the printing of election ballots. He forced giving the contract to the lowest bidder, and saved the city $49,760 thereby.

"He held a two-hour conference on Labor Day with Samuel Untermyer, in order to find out what can be done about transit unification.

'He put Corporation Counsel Arthur J. Hilly to work pro- ducing an opinion on what the city should do about the I. R. T. receivership.

''He took the wind out of the Communists' sails by saying he'd be glad to see them about unemployment at 1 P. M. Saturday, if they couldn't get down to City Hall earlier in the day."

"Of course," The Daily News adds, ''Mayor McKee is a new broom, and he sweeps clean, which is the tradition in polities as everywhere. The tendency to make a great record at the expense of the delinquencies of a predecessor is simply human nature.

'Nevertheless, if Mayor McKee goes on as he's begun, he'll be his own logical successor."

Aw that appeared to be the belief of a growing number of New Yorkers as the head-lines continued to crackle with the new Mayor's doings: ""MoKrr OrprErs $80,000,000 Cur In Bupeer." "McKeen Wins Dezsate WiTH Rebs." '"McKer DecuarEs WAR ON SLoT MACHINES.' '"McKgrr Ovusts CoMMISSIONER OF MARKETS." And so it went. Cutting out the ''frills'" of the Walker administration, Mr. McKee dropt the $17,500 automobile pro- vided for the Mayor, and reassigned the two chauffeurs as well

'

by Its New Mayor

as the Mayor's police bodyguard. A subway straphanger, he gets to work by 9:30, and goes to lunch without a police escort. For a close-up view of this forty-three-year-old executive, a former instructor of Greek, Latin, and English at Fordham University, we turn to the Brooklyn Daily Eagle:

"Short and somewhat stocky of build, dark-haired and blue- eyed, his high intellectual brow betrays the studious habits to which he is accustomed.

"He contrasts sharply with his predecessor, lacking al- most entirely the playboy inclination, given to careful medi- tation and measured speech rather than wisecracks, and dressing in conservative blues and dark grays rather than the more startling styles affected by Walker."

The Budget Slasher Resting From the Battle

Mayor Joseph V. McKee, New York's new executive, shown with his wife and son.

And so Mayor McKee is hammering away at his new job while the political pot boils, and the ultimate disposition of the office remains in doubt. He started a court action to prevent the special mayoralty election scheduled for November 8. If sue- cessful, he will serve until the end of next year. Tammany Hall and the Brooklyn Democratie organization were still uncertain when Mr. Walker sailed for Kurope whether to nominate him for a ''vindication"' campaign, according to the political writers.

Ir Mr. Walker should not run again, it was said that the organizations might nominate a Brooklyn man. Mr. McKee, altho a Democrat, is not a Tammany man. Coming from the borough of the Bronx, he is closely associated with Secretary of State Edward J. Flynn of Governor Roosevelt's official family.

Whatever the outcome, the New York press, which criticized Walker, is cheering McKee for the work he has done, notes the United Press. One of the fine tributes paid him comes from Emile Gauvreau of the New York Daily Mirror, who, inei- dentally, tells the story of the racketeer at the beginning of this article. Says Mr. Gauvreau:

'""What Mayor McKee has done in constructive work is amazing in the past few days. Running the City of New York is a business. His way of going at his job has jumped city bonds several points. Among the people who count in New York, the feeling is growing hourly that this man should remain on the job.

"But what he is doing is not pleasing to grafting district leaders. Is New York strong enough to keep him there? He is the man needed at the City Hall in this hour. Support him!"

SE PCT E: MOBiE Ra a2 el ere

10 THE LITERARY DIGEST

Wide World

The Big Outdoor Spectacle of the Summer--the Total Eclipse of the Sun on August 31 As seen from a New England roadside in the path of totality.

A Summer Seething With Politics

READER WRITES US: ""T have been away from home all summer, missing my newspapers and Dierests while reveling in the great outdoors. Now I feel completely out of touch with the world. Won't you please help me by giving me a brief outline of what has been going on during the summer--at least the significant and important happenings?"

Since a great many others undoubtedly are in the same posi- tion, we are giving our answer right here in the pages of THE Diaest where all our readers can benefit by it.

First of all, this has been one of those political summers we have every fourth year, what with the conventions, Presidential nominations, and acceptance speeches. And this year, there has been political unrest, if not actual changes in governments, almost all over the world.

Also, it has been a summer of strenuous efforts by govern- ments and private citizens to do something about the depression that the world has been enduring for three years.

Waser the summer began, Congress was in session. The so- called B. KE. F., or ''Bonus Expeditionary Force,"' of jobless veterans was pouring into Washington with the idea of persuad- ing Congress to enact the bonus bill. After Congress adjourned, the forcible expulsion of these veterans on June 28 started a heated controversy which lasted up to the September meeting of the American Legion.

On June 6 President Hoover signed the great tax bill which had been under discussion practically ever since the opening of Congress in December. It takes $1,118,500,000--in addition to previously existing taxes--from the taxpayers of this country during the fiscal year beginning July 1.

And while Congress was finishing up the tax bill, its members

were trying to agree on a relief measure and economy plans. .

A bonus bill which went through the House was defeated in the Senate. The House and Senate at last agreed on an economy bill expected to cut down the running expenses of the Govern- ment by about $150,000,000 per annum. It involved sizable pay cuts for practically all government officials, with the com- pulsory furlough or month's vacation without pay for a large number of government employees.

All through June and the first half of July the President, the

House, and the Senate tried to get together on some kind of relief measure that would be acceptable all around. Finally, on the very last day of the session, July 16, the two Houses agreed on a relief bill not too objectionable.to President Hoover. It pro- vided for direct loans to the States from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation up to $300,000,000; it authorized the R. F.C. to increase its capitalization by as much as $1,500,000,000 to loan to States and other agencies for self-liquidating public works; it authorized the expenditure of $322,000,000 directly for public works.

On the same day Congress put through the Home Loan Bank bill, putting $500,000,000 at the disposal of small home-owners and builders through a system of home loan banks. This bill carried as a '"'rider'' a provision which allows the national banks to issue more paper currency by granting the so-called ''circula- tion privilege'"' to additional government bond issues. At the same time the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was re- organized and the President later put at its head ex-Senator Atlee Pomerene, an Ohio Democrat.

Secretary of Commerce Robert P. Lamont resigned on August 3, and was succeeded by Roy Chapin.

W i: Congress out of the way, let us turn back to the Presi- dential campaign. The Socialists began it by nominating Nor- man Thomas for President at Milwaukee in May.

The Republican national convention opened in Chicago on June 14. The renomination of President Hoover went through according to plan. Opposition to the renomination of Vice- President Curtis was not strong enough to prevent his selection on the first ballot. After a strenuous fight by the advocates of outright repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment, a '"'resubmission"' plank was put in the platform favoring the submission of a new amendment to enable the States to handle the problem, subject to the Federal Government's retention of power to protect dry States and to prevent the return of the saloon.

The Democratic convention opened in Chicago on June 27. A straight-out repeal plank was the feature of the platform. Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New York Governor, whose forces controlled the convention from the start, was nominated on the fourth ballot, receiving 945 out of a total of 1,154 votes. This was on the first of July. On the second, Speaker Garner was

',

Seer we WEB EIRE §2'4.5 1.93.2

nominated for Vice-President, and on the same day Presidential candidate Roosevelt gave his campaign a sensational start by flying from Albany to Chicago to make his speech of acceptance to the delegates before the adjournment of the convention. Senator Borah said after the conventions that he could sup- port neither major candidate. Some dry leaders came out for Hoover, some turned to William D. Upshaw, whom the Prohibi- tionist party nominated for President at Indianapolis on July 7. Before and after the major parties acted, a number of minor parties, mostly ''parties of protest,'' put tickets in the field.

Parsibent HOOVER formally opened his campaign with his acceptance speech of August 11. Its most sensational feature was his admission that the Eighteenth Amendment had not been a perfect success and his acceptance of the Republican platform's position on Prohibition. A few days later Vice-President Curtis in his acceptance speech declared his firm adherence to the dry eause. On August 20, Governor Roosevelt in a notable campaign speech at Columbus, Ohio, returned to his championship of the '"'forgotten man" and outlined a_ nine-point economic program, largely devoted to governmental prevention of finan- cial abuses.

An interesting political develop- ment toward the end of the summer was the California Senatorial pri- mary in which William G. McAdoo further demonstrated his domina- tion of the Democratic party in the State by winning the Senatorial nomination, while a wet Republican, Mr. Tallant Tubbs, defeated Senator Shortridge, running for renomination. Earlier in the summer Henry Field won the Republican nomination for Senator from Jowa from Smith Wildman Brookhart. It took two Texas primaries to nominate Mrs. Miriam (''Ma'') Ferguson as Demo- eratic candidate for Governor.

At the end of the summer, candi- date Roosevelt became mixed up in the Walker case in New York City. In June, Samuel Seabury, counsel for the New York State legislative committee investigating New York City, laid before Governor Roosevelt certain charges against Mayor James J. Walker. Charges from other sources were also submitted. The Governor asked the Mayor to reply. At the very end of July, the Walker reply was made public. Mr. Seabury made a state- ment in rebuttal. Early in August, the Governor called upon Mayor Walker to appear before him, and the actual hearings began on the 11th. The hearings ran on for several days, with interruptions. Finally, Mr. Walker sprang a surprize by resign- ing his office and issuing a statement charging Governor Roose- velt with all sorts of unfairness. Mayor Walker was immediately succeeded by Joseph V. McKee, president of the Board of Aldermen, who went promptly ahead with plans for cutting down city expenses.

URE ORI mice

T acre has been plenty of political activity in other countries. It will be remembered that late in the spring Germany picked a@ new executive in the person of Chancellor von Papen, while after the French elections Edouard Herriot succeeded Premier Laval. In Germany the Reichstag elections in mid-summer showed a trend toward Hitler, but that leader's plea that the Government (Continued on page 38)

Back To Ma --Fitzpatrick in the St. Louis ''Post-Dispatch."

Preyer eRARY DUGE ST 11

Texas Tangled in "Ma's" Apron- Strings

E'LL MOVE OUT OF TEXAS FIRST!" So vowed some excited Texans last week when they received the news that the Democratic State convention had ratified the nomination of "Ma" Miriam Wallace Ferguson for the Governorship. For that means, the Texas newspapers explain, that "Jim" and ''Ma"' will again be '"'Gov- ernor'' after the November election.

The howls of rage and humiliation can be heard all the way across the continent as rangy Texans turn away from this pros- pect of their vast '"'empire" winding itself up again, as the Cin- cinnati Enquirer tauntingly expresses it, 'in the apron-strings of 'Ma' Ferguson." :

Certified returns of the votes cast at the primary, the Asso- ciated Press announces, show that Mrs. Ferguson led Governor Ross S. Sterling by exactly 3,333 votes. Nevertheless, a United Press dis- patch from Lubbock, in western Texas, indicates that the Sterling forces promise a court battle for a recount of the votes.

Described as an untiring, unsleep- ing foe of the two Fergusons, the Dallas News (Ind. Dem.) neverthe- less admits:

ce

'"'Charges of illegal voting are at present being bandied back and forth, and there may be truth in both sets of charges.

"The fault is primarily in the law, not in those who voted on exemption lists nor in the officials who presided at the ballot-boxes.

'""Those votes, so far as illegal, after all voiced the will of citizens of Texas, tho technically disfranchised by non- payment of poll-tax or some similar reason. :

"Tt is an indication that many citizens, not listed, yet preferred Mrs. Ferguson to Mr. Sterling, and their opinion is entitled to consideration."

To keep the record straight and to correct certain errors that have gained currency, The Texas Weekly reviews the political adventures of the two indomitable Fergusons.

Aver his impeachment in 1917, on a charge of mishandling State funds, Gov. James Edward Ferguson, this weekly insists, was not barred from running for that high office again. Indeed, he ran against Governor Hobby in 1918, we read, and his defeat by more than two to one is said to be ''an overwhelming ratifi- eation of his impeachment."

Not until 1924 did ''Ma'' Ferguson step into the political spot-light. To follow the account of The Texas Weekly:

"Tn 1924, when he announced himself as a candidate for Governor in the Democratic primaries, the State Committee denied Ferguson a place on the ticket, on the ground that he was disqualified from holding office, and when he took the matter to the courts, this decision of the committee was upheld.

"Tt was then that Mrs. Ferguson 'stept into the breach,' seven years after the impeachment.

'"'When she ran for reelection in 1926, she was defeated by Dan Moody by a majority of 225,000 votes.

"The point here is that James E. Ferguson, either in his own name or that of his wife, has been running for office every two years in Texas since 1914, with the exception of 1928, and that not until seven years after his impeachment was he successful in an, election."

2 THE 2U la BRIAR ADiGiEom

SEPTE MBERUS 249 olepisw

The Bonus Bomb Bursts Into the Campaign

HE BONUS BATTLE BLAZES UP ANEW. A full-fledged political issue it becomes as the American Legion, at its annual convention in Portland, Oregon, ignoring the warning of President Hoover that it would be a national calamity, demands immediate payment of the bonus, by a vote of 1,167 to 109.

But the flames of indignation and bitter feeling that snap and crackle and sweep the country like a forest fire are fed not merely by this demand for more than $2,000,000,000.

On the very eve of that conclave President Hoover releases a report prepared by the Federal Department of Justice, and signed by Attorney-General William DeWitt Mitchell, which seeks to justify the use of the Federal troops in the expulsion from Washington on July 28 of the "bonus army." We read: "The extraordinary propor- tion of criminal, Communist,

and non-veteran elements among the marchers" brought into the nation's

capital ''the largest aggrega- tion of criminals that had ever been assembled in this city at one time."

But then Washington's good-natured, tactful, six- foot-two Superintendent of

Police, that retired ex-Briga- dier-General Pelham °D. _ Glassford, upsets the apple- eart by defying the Presi- dent.

He issues a statement in which he seeks to ''lay the responsibility for the affair," as Phelps Adams says in the New York Sun, "directly upon the doorstep of the White House."

nderwood Defensive

Attorney-General William De-

Witt Mitchell declares that

troops were necessary to expel the bonus army.

As tho this were not enough to send the flames of controversy sky-high, Alfred Emanuel Smith, writing in The Saturday Evening Post, calls for '"'plain American talk'' on the issue from all candidates. This, the newspapers assure us, is a challenge to Governor Roosevelt to make clear to the American voters his stand on the payment of the bonus. And the New York Herald Tribune, representing Republican opinion, clamors for Governor Roosevelt's assurance that he, if elected, would veto the bonus bill and thus ''kill the bonus as a political issue and remove the whole subject into an academic field."

But it is a full-fledged political issue already, other observers declare. One of these is Phelps Adams, who from Washington reviews the whole bonus battlefront. Going back to the con- troversy between Attorney-General Mitchell and Brigadier- General Glassford, Mr. Adams contrasts the clash of testimony:

"The Attorney-General asserted that 'the bonus army brought into the city of Washington the largest aggregation of criminals that had ever been assembled in the city at one time.'

"General Glassford cited police records to show that there was less crime in the city during the bonus invasion than during the month of August following the evacuation.

'In answer to Mr. Mitchell's charges that Communism, crime and subversive influences were rampant among the bonus marchers, Mr. Glassford called attention to their many demon- strations of patriotism.

"The military police created by the 'bonus army' itself, he said, prevented disorders among the 210 Communists numbered in the Pennsylvania Avenue camp.

'While the Attorney-General called attention to the fact that 362 of the bonus marchers were arrested, Mr. Glassford offered a detailed list showing that only twelve of these were charged with any crime, and the rest were taken in on minor charges such as trespass, making speeches without a permit, drunkenness, ete.

"General Glassford was most emphatic, however, in denying that he had asked that the troops be called out, and this, to-day, was the principal point of controversy. The district commis- sioners, who are the police chief's immediate superiors, and who, in turn, are appointed directly by the President, continue to in- sist that Mr. Glassford confessed his inability to handle the situation and asked for Federal aid."

W/ arcz of these two will the voting public believe?" This is the question worrying the leaders of both parties, Washington correspondents insist. Certain Republican editors, stanchly loyal to the Administration--among them the Washington Post-- call for the resignation of General Glassford. But that square-jawed ex-soldier who during the war had been com- missioned as the youngest Brigadier-General in the Army, and who took up painting after his retirement, only to be appointed Wash- ington's chief of police in November last year, refused

to resign under fire. Mean-

while, Democratic strategists © Harris & Ewing

Defiant

Pelham D. Glassford, Superin-

tendent of Washington Police,

denies the allegations of the Attorney-General

in Washington are said to be filled with glee over this unexpected turn of events in their favor. Phelps Adams reports:

""As they see it, the actions of the Hoover Administration dur- ing the last few weeks have so thoroughly outraged the rank and file of the American veterans that Governor Roosevelt may now feel free to take an anti-bonus stand without fear of alienating any large section of the veteran vote--and the bonus problem has been one of the largest flies in the Governor's ointment."

Tapipnnpme dailies like the Baltimore Sun, firmly opposed to the bonus, join with Republican papers in condemning the demands of the American Legion as voiced at Portland. Frank R. Kent writes in this Baltimore daily:

"It is a situation watched anxiously by politicians on both sides. Mr. Hoover is against the bonus. There is no doubt about his position. He let it be known at the last session that the nation's finances could not stand the strain of the payment de- manded, and that he would veto it if passed. Any President would have to take that stand. There is nothing else to do."

Similarly the New York Herald Tribune commends President Hoover for his refusal to truckle 'to a demand which seems to him improper and inadmissible."

That the bonus will loom large as a factor in the Presidential election, that it may indeed, be the determining factor, Mark Sullivan, Washington correspondent for a number of Republican papers, warns. That the present blazing controversy may redound to the advantage of the Democrats, he admits.

-- cn ee

Serre MBER 24, "11932 Tere hE RARY "DiI'GES T 1

TOPICS IN BRIEF

TAXATION with representation isn't so hot, either.--Arkansas Gazette.

HirLER would seize the reins as Mussolini did, only it is ver- boten.--Dallas News.

So live that you will never need to urge your wife to be a good

sport about it.--Port Arthur News.

A wizarp is the person who ean keep up with the neighbors and the instalments, too.--Chicago. Times.

W omAN LOI years old has never seen an automobile.--Head-line. Maybe that's the reason she is 101.--Atlanta Journal.

Our first settlers were from Europe, of course, but that's about

_ the last settling we've had from there.--Arkansas Gazette.

_Ivis said at the White House that Hoover will not be prodded into any further remarks upon Prohibition. There are only two sides to the question and he has taken them both.--The New Yorker.

In all fairness it ought to be said that Jimmy was probably as good a guest Mayor as New York ever had.--Detroit News.

"Av what point,' asks a judge, "Js aman drunk?"' Usually at the point where the car leaves the road --Austin American.

Ir Texas vindicates Jim Fer- guson once more that will make three times and the vindication will be his.-- Macon Telegraph.

Tue Lirzrary Dicgsst's fame as a prophetic herald has spread from sea to sea and from poll to poll-- Weston (Ore.) Leader.

AccoRDING to a writer, some fruits, altho palatable, are not pleasing to the eye. Grape- fruit, for instance.--The Humor- ast (London).

We expect the flag of Texas eventually to show a little red wagon hitched to the Lone Star, with Jim Ferguson for a pas- senger.-- Detroit News.

THERE is some sign of the return of the good old happy days when so many people were worried to death all the time about whether to hang on a while longer or make their paper profits actual-- Nashville Banner.

Ir isn't entirely the moral side of Japan's position in Man- churia: It's just that we wonder at any one's judgment in stealing a red-hot stove.--Detroit News.

Ons of the most peculiar aspects of the present business situa- tion is that everybody expects the frozen assets to thaw out as soon as cold weather arrives.--Louwisville Herald-Post.

Japan is indignant that we don't see that she has to defend her way deeper and deeper into China because the Chinese won't come over to Japan and get defended against.-- Dallas News.

Somespopy told us a great broadcasting station was to be erected in Europe for the specific purpose of sending programs to the United States. YIOU would make appropriate call letters.--Nashville Banner.

Norra and South Carolina Democrats have nominated wet candidates for the Senate, and indications are it won't be long now until the Governors of the two States will pick up the con-

versation where they left off some years back.--Macon Telegraph.

AMERICAN Say PEOPLE

Most of the banks are safe now, except baby's.--Publishers Syndicate.

Tue most pathetic situation nowadays is no situation.-- Thomaston (Ga.) Times.

Mr. Hoover believes jobs should be more widely distributed, except, of course, his.--Louwisville Times.

Amona other things that don't turn out quite as you expect are people who drive ecars.--Cincinnati Times-Star.

SENSIBLE people no longer trust Europe, but they still think they can lick Wall Street next time.--Beaumont Journal.

ArvErR the white man stole the Indian's land the women came along and grabbed off his war paint.--Florida Times-Union.

Some one has written the official song of the Roosevelt cam- paign, and it is entitled, ''We Want Roosevelt." I had rather imagined it might turn out to be something original like that. --Detroit News.

Tourists are people who travel 200 miles to get kodak pictures of themselves standing by the ear.--Canton Repository.

A RESORT is a place where the natives charge you enough in three months to live happily the other nine.--Buffalo News.

A Dautas doctor says modern fashions make the women live longer. They also make the men look longer.--Atlanta Journal.

SENTIMENT on the bonus is «pretty evenly divided between those who do not believe it should be paid and those who have one coming.--J udge.

We suppose the Presidential election will have to be held as usual, however, in order to formally confirm the result of Tur Diaxst's poll.--Weston Leader.

Russia shouldn't feel hurt because we don't recognize her. When we think back to 1929, it's about all we can do to recognize our own country. -- Louisville Herald-Post.

A HAPPY compromise was reached by Captain Mollison, who said he would fly back to Britain, and his bride, who said he would not. The doughty eaptain took a boat.--Detroit News.

After All, the "Simple Life'' Teaches Us Things --Alley in the Memphis ''Commercial Appeal.''

Tur World War must have been a fight to the finish--it practically finished all the nations that engaged in it.--Thom- aston (Ga.) Times.

We're fed up on reading about the hardihood of pioneer Ameri- cans. Not one of them could have endured riding fifty-six miles in a rumble-seat over one of our detours.--Atlanta Constitution.

To give an idea how overburdening taxes work out it might be stated that Chicago is unable to pay her school-teachers, yet the city does not hesitate to sue the teachers for unpaid taxes on their property.--Florida Times-Union.

VENIZELOS's reported determination to use military force to prevent a return of royalism, should the Greek people vote for it, reminds one of the man who said if people didn't want freedom it should be forced upon them.--Chicago Datly News.

Tur Lrrerary Dieesr is getting ready to start its regular Presidential straw vote and both the Democrats and Republicans should be busy getting two sets of comments ready; one in case it shows their side ahead, and the other in case it doesn't.-- Nashville Banner.

Making Germany Safe for Democracy

German police were strictly on the job at the opening of the short-lived Reichstag session.

Germany Under "Dictatorship"

ERMANY SHOWED THE WORLD the strength and weakness of the German Republic, it is said, when the sixth Reichstag, the shortest-lived in the history of the

Reich, was dissolved during its second sitting before Chancellor Franz von Papen could say a single word about his announced declaration of policy.

"Tt is totally unsafe to prophesy the outcome," says the London Daily Mail in a cabled editorial to Tur Lirrrary Digest, and it adds that ''it must be remembered von Papen was supported to the fullest degree by the stubbornest man in Germany, namely von Hindenburg."

As the London Times sees it, '"'the von Papen Ministry and parliamentary government are incompatible." The danger is, according to this newspaper, that "'the conflict may eventually be settled by extra-parliamentary methods."

But in the view of the Manchester Guardian, '' with Germany's now discredited, elastic Constitution backing the President and the armed forces, these should be enough to save the von Papen- Schleicher Government from any immediate danger."

The dissolution of the Reichstag at its second sitting, which was not expected by a single deputy when the session was called to order, came about when Ernst Torgler, one of the cleverest of the Communist leaders, upset the parliamentary applecart" by proposing that the Reichstag vote on a motion to revoke the

Government's emergency economie and social decrees, and on a resolution of non-confidence, before hearing the Chancellor. As John Elliott describes this dramatic event, in a copyrighted cable from Berlin to the New York Herald Tribune--

"To the amazement of the House, none of the Hugenberg Nationalists--the sole parliamentary supporters of the Govern- ment--rose to object to this procedure, and the taking of the vote thus became inevitable.

"Refusing Chancellor von Papen's plea that he be allowed to speak, and ignoring a slip of paper which the Chancellor drew from his conspicuous red brief-case proclaiming dissolution of the chamber in order to prevent revocation of the decrees, Capt. Hermann Goering, National Socialist president of the Reichstag, insisted that the chamber go ahead with a division, which resulted in an unprecedented defeat for the Government by 513 votes to 32, with five abstaining.

"The Government, however, took the view that this division

had no validity because the Reichstag, it contended, already had 14

been dissolved. It threatened to bar the deputies from the House of Parliament by force if Captain Goering should persist in his declared intention of presiding over another session of the chamber.

"This plan was abandoned later when the Socialists and Catho- lic Centrists, deciding that the Cabinet had the law on its side, gave Captain Goering to understand that they considered Parliament dismissed."

In explaining to the American public the strange state of affairs in Germany, Dr. Julius Curtius, former German Minister of Foreign Affairs, and lately arrived in the United States, pointed out in a press interview that:

'""In Germany, as in America, the people are represented in the Government by two institutions. One is the Parliament and the other is the President. Of course, in Germany we vote directly for the President without primaries.

""Now, a situation arises when one of these representative in- stitutions--the Reichstag--has again proved itself, as it has done year after year, unable to create a government.

"Now, if it always continues to counteract the acts of the Government by such movements as bringing a motion against the emergency decree, it is then that the other representative of the people, the Reich President, may say: 'I must assume all these tasks--my own and those that the Reichstag should perform.'

'"'Mor he sees that the Reichstag, being ineffective, can not be given its tasks to perform. If the President decides not to decree an election immediately, or allows the constitutional period of sixty days to go without issuing such a decree, he will then per- haps be acting contrary to the letter of the law.

"But he will really be acting in compliance with the will of the Constitution and the will of the people, because the will of the people is not for chaos and anarchy. It is the duty of the Presi-

dent to bridge over this emergency. I have complete faith in his power to do so."

1M ee ie Hermann Goering, Nazi President of the Reichs- tag, notified President von Hindenburg in a letter that the Reichstag expects the immediate withdrawal of the dissolution decree and the resignation of the von Papen Government. His letter, written with careful politeness, as Berlin Associated Press dispatches point out, maintains a defense of his conduct in refusing to recognize the Chancellor's decree of dissolution until after the non-confidence vote was taken.

Mr. Goering also challenges von Hindenburg's interpretation

%,

%

SEP REVPBLERY 274%) 19-3 2 of constitutional law, contending that the President is not per- mitted to dissolve the Reichstag twice for the same reason, and he cited the previous vote of non-confidence in the von Papen Government, taken June 4, last.

As quoted in these dispatches, Mr. Goering said in part:

"T express the firm hope, Mr. President, that you will recog- nize the legality of the Reichstag's vote and withdraw your con- fidence from a Government which the nation rejects overwhelm- ingly. The Reichstag and yourself, both elected by the people, must work together so the will of the nation shall remain supreme."

PAauose simultaneously, Mr. Goering's chief commander, -

Adolf Hitler, leader of Germany's National Socialists, opened his campaign for Germany's fifth major election this year by warning the Opposition parties that his Nazis will ''meet all opponents in the way they de- serve and must expect."

"Attack is the best means of defense,' Hitler warns, follow- ing a meeting of the Nazi leaders. ''Any suppressive measures against us will be a weapon that will turn upon the oppressor."

Among cabled editorials from the German press to THE Lirerary Dicest, we find the Hitler organ, Voelkischer Beob- achter, convinced that the real fight in Germany is now on:

"The conflict between the clique and the nation has come to a head. The defeated Cab- inet has declared that it will prevent the Reichstag's meet- ing by force. This is dictator- ship--the same type of dicta- torship that General Schleicher in a radio speech described as endangering the nation. The National Socialist party ap- peals to the whole nation to- day to defend its existence. The responsibility for this situ- ation must be borne by those who blocked the struggling na- tion's road and took measures on which history will pass an annihilating verdict."

Ses the abrupt termination of the Reichstag session is a scandal or a comedy, the Frankfurter Zeitung does not pretend to say. But in speaking of the event and of President Goering's procedure, it remarks:

''Goering's tactics were not due to temperamental thought- lessness, but were a deliberate onslaught calculated to turn the latent conflict with the Reichstag Government into an open struggle. The attack was undertaken through gross abuse of the Reichstag speaker's official authority. Thé Communists and Goering maneuvered the Reichstag into a position most prejudicial to its prestige."

Germania, mouthpiece of the Catholic Center. party, and at one time spoken of as former Chancellor Bruening's newspaper, believes that the climax in the Reichstag showed that the situation has ''developed beyond the limits of the Constitution."

Germany is now living under a dictatorship, in the view of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, which favors the People's party, and it goes on to say very confidently:

"The bridges have been destroyed. The dictatorship is reigning. In such a situation what are the use of new elections which are liable to promote radicalization and check economic

recovery?"

The Lame and the Blind

"De Groene Amsterdammer.""

Tem ICT BRSAR Y DIGEST. 15

A Franco-German Children's Republic

O SEE HOW ABSURD it is to talk about France and

Germany being "'hereditary enemies,' we are asked to

look into the Franeo-German Children's Republic at Draveil, which is about fifteen minutes from Paris by train.

But, altho so near Paris, the town is described by the Paris correspondent of the Manchester:Guardian as having all the characteristics of a provincial backwater. The camp of Franco- German children is half a mile outside the town, on a sandy promontory formed by a bend of the river. The improvised wooden gate of the camp with the inscription "Platz! Die Falken Kommen!"' (''Make way! The Falcons are Coming!'') is decorated with the flags of the ""Red Hawks'--the Socialist camping movement, and with the three arrowed flags of the Republican '"'Iron Front."

A crowd of little German boys in blue bathing pants, standing outside the gate, took The Guardian's correspondent to see ''citizeness Grumbach,"' or ""Madame Grumbach" as the children call her, who is directress of the camp. She is the wife of a well-known deputy from Mulhouse, who was also one of the Alsatian deputies in the Reichstag be- fore the war. To the corre- spondent, Madame Grumbach said: a

"This camp is quite a novelty in France, and must be re- garded as a small beginning. I earnestly hope that the political changes in Germany will not hamper the progress of our movement.

"Our French children have not been used to this sort of thing; but now that they know what camping is like, they have taken to it like ducks to water.

"Tt was not easy during the first few days--they could not make up their minds to go about nearly naked; nor were they accustomed to sleeping in tents. The Germans, however, know all about camping; they have, in fact, brought with them all the tents and most of the equipment."

Ir seems that this Children's Republic is different from the French Scout movement, which Madame Grumbach contends is still military in spirit. Her movement is essentially pacifist, and incidentally Socialist in spirit, and this informant goes on to Say:

"The camp is divided into four 'villages,' called 'Dorf Jean Jaurés,' 'Dorf Matteotti,' and so on. Altho a half-naked, sun- burned boy of ten or twelve does not look like a 'political ani- mal,' all the children, and especially the German children, hold strong political views.

""The day before my visit, I was told, they had held a meeting celebrating the anniversary of the Weimar Constitution. A few German boys with whom [I talked appeared to be greatly perturbed by the news that Hitler might become ' Reichskanzler.'

***Ts it possible?' they anxiously inquired. These children of the unemployed had now lived in the sun for over a week, and they were looking brown and healthy. They were all delighted to be in the camp. And one got so much more to eat than at home. And the Franzosen were nice and kind to have brought them here."'

TH ELIS BRAIR WY DEG Ber

S E Pal E MeBIE Re 2191312

Gandhi's Suicide Threat

FRIEND OF THE OUTCASTS, Gandhi threatens to starve himself to death if they are granted represen- tation in the Indian provincial legislatures.

He may take a little salt or soda in his drinking-water, he says, but no other food.

The wizened, bald, almost toothless saint has been eating so little before this that some wonder how he has kept alive so far. Perhaps the salt and soda will be enough for him.

But the puzzle now is why he plans to resist to the death the British scheme to give legislative representation to the very, people he is supposed to love--India's 40,000,000 outcasts, or

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"Gandhi would like to make India over into Gandhia."'

--''I| 420" (Florence).

"untouchables." (A good description of them and of Gandhi's attitude toward them appeared in our issue of last week.)

His tragic threat is ''neither worthy of him nor on a level with his claims of the past,' says the London Star, in an editorial eabled to Tue Lirrrary Digest, and it adds that if he wants to die on anybody's door-step, it should be at the door of the Moham- medans, ''whose refusal of a joint agreement with the Hindus forced our government to put out its present scheme."

Tas ""secheme"' referred to is the decision of the British Govern- ment to grant political representation for twenty years to India's "untouchables" or deprest classes. Indian rage at Prime Min- ister MacDonald's vote plan was disclosed in Tur Lirnrary Diaxrst for September 3, when it was pointed out that Mr. MacDonald made a bold attempt to settle the endless disputes among Indian racial and religious leaders, especially those of the Hindus and the Moslems, by a provisional plan for their repre- sentation in the new Indian Provincial Legislatures.

Mr. MacDonald's statement, which affects one-fifth of the world's population, details how the seats in the Provincial Legis- latures of British India should be divided among Hindus, Mos- lems, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Europeans, wo- men, deprest classes, and various other interests, such as land- owners and commercial groups which claim special representation.

Mr. Gandhi confesses that he feels ''no penance the caste Hindus may do can in any way compensate for the calculated degradation to which they have consigned the deprest classes for centuries." A Hindu himself, Mr. Gandhi has always claimed "untouchables," and has.profest to be ashamed of the way they have been treated.

There are about 40,000,000 of these outcasts--all Hindus and

kinship with the

all regarded as polluted and unclean by their high-caste co- religionists. But Mr. Gandhi points out that this special repre- sentation now awarded to them will only perpetuate the cleavage and arrest the work of healing it. He says to the Prime Minister:

''Ror me this isa matter of pure religion. The mere fact of the deprest classes having double votes does not protect them or Hindu society in general from being disrupted. In the establish- ment of a separate electorate at all for the deprest classes I sense the injection of a poison that is calculated to destroy Hinduism,

and to do no good whatsoever to the deprest classes.

(|

"You will please permit me to say that no matter how sym- pathetic you may be, you can not come to a correct decision on a matter of such vital religious importance to the parties concerned. Do you not realize that if your decision stands and the Constitution comes into being you will arrest the marvelous growth and work of the Hindu reformers who have dedicated themselves to the uplift-

ing of their supprest brethren in every walk of life?"'

Mr. Gandhi' s threat as revealed in one of a series of dramatic letters made public by the British India Office also contained this statement: me!

"T have to resist your decision with my life. The only way I can do this is by declaring a perpetual fast unto death from food of any kind, save water, with or without salt, and soda.

""This fast will cease if, darined its progress, re British Government, of its own motion or under the pressure of public opinion, revises its decision and withdraws its scheme for communal electorates for the deprest classes."'

li

Taart the British Government will liberate Gandhi from Yerovda jail at Poona, where he has been a prisoner since January, is predicted in many quarters on the ground that it would be better not to let him make a martyr of himself as he threatened. ;

At the same time, London press dispatches indicate that the Government will sit tight on its communal decision until the Indian communities agree among themselves.

Mr. Gandhi's threat of suicide bewildered even his own friends in England. For instance, the Manchester Guardian says:

"Those who have personal influence with Mr. Gandhi--and they will probably be as much astonished by his decision as they will grieve over it--will surely urge on him that he ean best

serve the causes to which he is devoted by living to work for them."

"There can be no peace in India without Gandhi and the Congress party'' is the published conviction of George Lansbury, leader of the Labor Opposition in Parliament, and he is quoted in press cables as saying further:

'We should bring Gandhi and representative Indians together again and let them argue the matter out and refuse to try to im- pose a settlement which can only result in strife and conflict."

From the "untoychable" standpoint, we have an uncom- promising declaration by Dr. B. M. Ambedkar, leader of the ""untouchables,'" who opposed Mr. Gandhi at the London Round Table Conference. As quoted in a Bombay wireless dispatch to the New York Times, Dr. Ambedkar said:

'I don't care for these political stunts. This threat by Gandhi « isn't a moral fight, but only a political move.

'"'T can understand any one trying to negotiate with a political opponent on equal terms by giving him credit for honesty, but I shall never be moved by these methods. My decision stands.

"Tf Gandhi wants to fight with his life for the interests of the - Hindu community, the deprest classes also will be forced to fight with their lives to safeguard their interests. Millions in the de- prest classes have died over the last thousand years, uncared for, unheard of, and unwept."

cervewsce 2AM GeMAYYAGLUIE

Danger Signs on the Soviet Five-Year Plan

HE FIVE-YEAR PLAN A FAILURE? Soviet editors furiously assail foreign writers who dare to mention such a thing.

But it is being much discust outside Russia on the basis of official reports from Soviet Russia itself.

The big fact seems to be that the program of Russia's indus- trial development outlined by the Five-Year Plan is not being followed, and the Soviet press frankly admit that instead of increasing the output of Russia's heavy industries lately, all the provisions of the plan seem to have resulted in a decrease of production.

Moscow correspondents of the American press report that the farm outlook is gloomier still, and they tell us that on Septem- ber 1 the State grain collections were little more than half of the total of a year ago up to the same date. The area harvested was 15 per cent. less and, it is said, autumn sowings were 40 per cent. lower. Seeking out Russian opinion, we find S. Bierman, one of the leading economic authorities of Pravda, official organ of the Central Committee of the Communist party in Moscow, setting down this record:

"In July the total output of our heavy industries was about 6 per cent. lower than it was in December, 1931. [According to the plan, it ought to be about 25 per cent. higher.] In August, it declined still further.

"Our coal industry is extremely disappointing. Yet special attention has been devoted to it in recent years. In the first three years of the Five-Year Plan, 1.100,000,000 rubles were invested in it, and, in the present year, another 800,000,000 rubles will be spent on its improvement and development. The mines of the Donietz Basin have been provided with the latest technical equipment. New mines have been opened in various other regions.

"And yet, after a period of considerable improvement at the end of last year, when our output of coal reached the high mark of 203,000 tons a day, it has been steadily diminishing in the last six months.

'*Equally sad results are to be observed in the metallurgical industry, which is as essential to the general industrial life of the country as the coal industry. As for the smelting of copper, it has not advanced in three years in spite of the fact that enormous sums have been invested in this industry. In 1928-1929, 33,000 tons of copper were produced from copper ore; for the first six months of this year the figure is 16,100 tons."

Tas Soviet authority is particularly uneasy because the cost of production in Russia's heavy industries is mounting rather than declining. The workers, he claims, produce much less than formerly. So the consequence, in Mr. Bierman's opinion, is, that 'instead of yielding a profit, as they were expected to do under the provisions of the Five-Year Plan, our heavy indus- tries this year so far have been operated at a loss."

One reason for this condition, it is argued, is the "fluidity of labor,' by which Soviet commentators mean the mass flight of workmen from Soviet factories and plants.

This '"'mass flight," we are advised, is due to the fact that the workers are badly fed and often worse housed. The living condi- tions of the workers grew much worse, it seems, after it became known that this year's crops are much smaller than last year's. A special correspondent of Pravda describes conditions in the steel plants of Eastern Russia as follows:

"The fluidity of labor has attained here inadmissible propor- tions. In the course of the last five months, 1,808 new workmen, that is to say, about 49 per cent. of the total labor foree, arrived in the Alapayevsky plant; yet, during that same time, 2,599 workmen, or 72 per cent. of its force, had deserted it.

'Why do the workmen refuse to stay and work here? The chief cause is that the administration of the plants fails to create the living conditions under which they would be able to stay.

"At the Nadezhdensky plant, the workmen who arrived with their families had to stay for several days at the railroad station. The administration simply forgot them. They were registered

merely as so many new units of 'man-power' and that was all. They were given no food-cards, and, consequently, no food."

Speaking editorially, Pravda assures us that one of the impor- tant reasons for the operation of Soviet industries is the lack of expert management and of system and coordination among the different branches of the country's industrial machine.

disappointing

Often, it is alleged, a factory has to suspend operations because coal or raw material is not delivered on time. More often still,

A German Laugh Over It

Stalin (To the tractor-worker): ''The Five-Year Plan will be carried through even if it takes one hundred years to do it."

--''Simplicissimus'' (Munich).

one department of a factory fails to adjust its workings to that of another department or departments, and Pravda goes on:

"A factory can not be run by high-sounding phrases, preten- tious statements, and neglect of actual work and of strict control over it. This is excellently demonstrated by the example of the 'Electrostal' sawmills in Leningrad.

""We are approaching a date of great historical significance. We are approaching the fifteenth anniversary of the Bolshevist revolution, which will almost coincide with the term set for the completion of the Five-Year Plan in four years. These dates must awaken a mighty wave of enthusiasm in the working masses. The local organizations of the Communist party and the Red professional unions must mobilize the masses for the victorious completion of our industrial and financial program, so that the Five-Year Plan will be fully carried out in four years."

'Me sinwanas Walter Duranty declares in a wireless to the New York Times, that:

"Tt would be unwise, however, to conclude that the plan is a failure because it has not fulfilled its program through reasons mainly outside of Soviet control.

'Besides being a production program, the plan is a process of education and discipline, the results of which are less palpable but far more important than figures.

"The plan is a goal and a stimulus--a slogan for the whole na- tion. In these respects it has more than justified itself. While the rest of the world faces decreased production and construction and increased unemployment, Russia is short of man-power, mate- rials, and technique, but is everywhere feverishly building, learn- ing, and advancing."

a

LETTERS AND ARI

LITERATURE % DRAMA 7% MUSIC 7%

FINE-ARTS'<*~ EDUCATION *7 ©CULTURE

The Film Goes Highbrow

USINESS IS REPORTED GOOD at '"'Strange Inter- lude'"'--the movie. And the erities did it, not so much by praise, as by a fifty-fifty allotment of praise and blame.

"The row between the metropolitan critics has boomed busi- ness," reports Ed Sullivan in The Daily News (New York).

That seems to whet the public's curiosity. At least so far as the New York public has been heard from. The success of the film elsewhere is one of the points that New York critics like to speculate about, and even their disparagements may be nega- tived. :

'Strange Interlude' is a eritie's and a woman's pic- ture," says Abel in Variety (New York). In saying "'crit- ies,'? he may mean that it is something for them to get their teeth into, and this they do whether in praise or blame.

As to its being ''woman's,"' he furnishes the cue for Re- gina Crewe of the New York American--critic and woman, and she finds that ''O'Neill's strangely compelling grim and dour tragedy of tangled lives has been wrought into one of the most remarkable pictures ever filmed"':

"Showing as it does the emotions of men's souls, tearing away the masks which are worn to fool the world, the photoplay, with its device of close-ups, pierces in and in, through and through. Hearts are bared, characters writhe in the torture of their thoughts.

"Gestures, expressions, emo- tions lost behind the foot- lights flame upon the screen. The sacred, secret processes of thought itself are stript naked and tossed to the au- dienee in terrific ruthlessness. The result is something that rips the watcher bit from bit."

The device upon which the critics differ is O'Neill's use of "asides" to reveal inner thoughts often at variance with the spoken words, and this Miss Crewe finds ''a thousand times more effective on the screen than in the theater''--

"The hurried mutterings of the players to the theater audi- ence--almost behind their palms--seemed a clumsy, indeed a mechanical contrivance, in comparison with the whispers heard in the cinema. Whispers that come from nowhere like thoughts. Thoughts that spring unbidden from the darkest depths of consciousness. Thoughts that come unwanted to the mind. So the murmurs of the mind are brought to the ears of the audience. Lips are silent, still. Souls speak."

J ust to remind you of the play's plot:

"A bride, wed to blot from memory thoughts of a dead love, is denied the solace, the necessity of a child, because of a terrible, unknown taint in the blood of her young husband. To save him

from doubt and madness, to save herself from insane grief, she 18

When They Were Young

"Nina Leeds'? (Norma Shearer), ''Sam Evans'' (Alexander Kirk- land), husband, ''Ned Darrell'? (Clark Gable), lover.

gives him a son of which he is not the father. From then on, the woman and her secret lover live a lie. A lie that haunts them awake, asleep, always."

Mordaunt Hall of The Times shares Miss Crewe's enthusiasm

over the ''asides"':

"Tn view of the fact that the players do not have to move their lips while their thoughts are heard, it makes these utter- ances all the more interesting. It is a technique admirably suited to the audible screen. To accomplish it no end of patience and time was needed, for the spoken asides had to be re- corded before or after the scenes were photographed.

"The changes of scenes are handled in a masterly manner, and even tho the characters stand in silence during the asides, it causes no uneasiness to the spectator, for these audible thoughts, unheard by the characters, are something one awaits with much interest."

Boo Richard Watts, Jr., in The Herald Tribune, will not have it so:

"The theory was shrewd enough, but in practise there are difficulties. :

"The chief one, I think, is that, as currently managed, the acting seems used to con- ceal the emotions exprest in the 'asides,' instead of drama- tizing them. The result is that the secret thoughts are sometimes strange and even comical, but seldom poignant.

"The device doesn't quite work out, in part because the method isn't psychologically right, but chiefly because the film is so badly acted.

""Miss Norma Shearer, ap- parently filled with reverence at the thought of the classic lines she is reciting, but, at the same time, understanding little about them, makes Nina Leeds, the neurotic heroine, a good, healthy, normal young woman, who ages prettily and isn't bothered much about her tragedies.

"Mr. Gable is always a dashing juvenile, particularly when he powders his hair and pretends to be an old man. Alexander Kirkland, playing the only healthy minded character in the work, is the only one to suggest neuroticism.

"Ralph Morgan, who played the (dipus-wrecked young man in the road company of the play, does well as the unhappy Charlie, even if they do cut down his réle to comic relief. Tad

Alexander, the child actor, is admirable as the boy who hates his father."

Bas then, to quote Abel of Variety, ''crities find this a natural for discourses on academic analyses of the contemporary 'art of the cinema,' not to mention the analogous treatments by Metro and the Theater Guild."

One of the crities--non-professional--brought in by The Herald Tribune is Glenn Anders, who played Ned in the first

Guild production. With proper apologies he says to his inter- viewer, Marguerite Tazelaar:

SEsPel EVER EIR: 924° 11991372

"Tm sorry, but I couldn't discover any depth in Mr. Gable's handling of Ned, tho I don't say I wouldn't like to possess Gable's personal charm, which I admire tremendously--if I had it I'd be in his position in pictures to-day--but that doesn't keep me from believing that his acting here lacks depth, feeline-- it seems careless to me.

"You see, the original group of players that I knew and worked with tackled O'Neill so seriously--brought such earnestness to the job. It takes a tremendously vital and important woman to act Nina, such as Miss Fontanne.''

T uw he launches into reminiscences that may be prophetic of the film's future:

"In the beginning we found the play such a devilish, hard job.

"No one had ever tackled a thing quite like it before, and originally we meant to play it for just a limited number of special performances. We didn't know how we could surmount the technical difficulties.

"The asides, for instanee, presented a big problem. We were taught to think our thoughts (the characters) and speak our lines. This resulted in our voices falling naturally.

"The first performance we ever played was to the cast of 'Porgy.' We could onty see the whites of their eyes out there beyond the footlights. They were perfectly still during the whole thing --utterly spellbound. When it was over they velled and ran down to the footlights shouting 'Bravo!'

"Alexander Woolleott, who was critic on The World at that time, read the script and called it hooey. He said it was the 'Abie's Irish Rose' of the women's clubs. We didn't know what to think--whether it would go or not.

"The first months the audiences were made up of all the highbrows in town--the arty crowd. Of course, their only response was--'How wonder- ful!' But they weren't a real criterion.

"Then came the curiosity-seekers, the ones who wanted to say 'We've seen ''Strange Inter- lude.""" They were followed by the hoi pollot. These were the ones that tried to crack it up. They came to see dirt. They were determined to have it. They read their own meanings into the asides.

''T know one night we were playing in Phila- delphia. Judith Anderson was doing Nina then. The mob out front laughed and tittered until she stamped her foot with rage. We used to bite our tongues in fury to keep control of ourselves. It was at this time we began to play down our lines. Sometimes we'd murmur the asides so low you couldn't make them out.

"We were always divided between two schools of audiences--those who thought the play was hooey and those who thought it fearfully pro- found.

'""We ourselves didn't want it laughed at. We realized a lot of the limes were pompous, but we knew, too, that there was a poetry and beauty in them that was almost unbearably fine. And we kept it from being laughed at as long as the play stayed in New York. But in the sticks: My God! why they played it for straight comedy in some places!"

D'Annunzio's New Idol

ABRIELE D'ANNUNZIO, says the London Evening Standard, has sent Professor Piccard, the balloonist, this letter:

"Briend,--The One-Eyed seeing, the Cripple erect, awaits you not in his house encumbered by tenderness, but in his most vigorous and his most intrepid thoughts. }

"With this mystical pencil--that you give me as a new and knightly rite--I wish to write my latest will, and you shall know it. ies

"Here, for your proud spouse is a trifling casket and a princely fabric portrayed by me in the most abstruse musical mode.

'And here for you, and for those who helped you and who

"Nina Leeds'? and ''Charlie Marsden''

THe GERARY Dil GEST . [9

love you, several talismans with my warlike emblems painted thereon.

"To-day you can utter the ancient saying of a rugged people: 'Cosa fatta capo ha.'

"Let it remind you of the One-Eyed who sees.

"Give me the heroic accolade: give it to you."

The letter is reported addrest from Le Victorial, and dated "the 15th anniversary of my most sublime war exploit."

Are the Arts "Vestigial''?

ce MEDIOCRE ENGINEER is a more advanced type than the best of living poets or painters." This statement would be called a heresy in former days, now the reverence is veering toward the mechanic, and a poet himself, Clifford Bax, is the author of the statement.

When They Are Old

(Ralph Morgan), ''Nina's'" timid admirer of earlier days,

Poet, dramatist, and biographer, Mr. Bax, an Englishman, has written a biography of Leonardo da Vinci, "'possibly because Leonardo was also mechanic," says the New Orleans Item, giving us this further quotation from the biography:

"The arts are vestigial; and those of us who still care more for a picture than for a motor-car, for a book of poems than for a double-barreled gun, are suvivors of a bygone stage in human development. . . . Of course, there will always be atavistic persons who will write poems and paint pictures, Just as there will always be persons, even a thousand years from now, who will not walk under a ladder; but the test of the vitality of any art should be society's active demand for it."

"Mhis is familiar argument, but it has never quite convinced us that the arts should be chloroformed,'' comments the undis-

mayed Item. Adding:

"Tf we approach the question with a rather loose but con- venient admission that the arts are emotional, engineering is intellectual, and intellectual creation represents an advance over emotional creation, we still leave room for a defense of

ays

20 THE (La PEeRARY" DirG Eu

art. Sustained intellectual effort may produce works which even an engineer would accept as proof of genius, but it also invites a nervous collapse of the worker unless relaxation is afforded. Enjoyment of art, as a vicarious emotionalism, would be, on these terms, just the sort of vacational 'let-down' engineers need. Da Vinci may have painted his pictures during atavistie sprees between his engineering labors. That would explain, too, Einstein's fondness for the fiddle."

Sir Walter's "Pet Marjorie" OW MUCH DO PEOPLE READ WALTER SCOTT to-day? It would be hard to tell. But as this year is the centenary of his death, his memory is revived in the press--particularly the English press.

Along with him the London Morning Post brings ''Pet Mar- jorie''--Maryjorie Fleming--also back from the shades.

This little girl was one of Sir Walter's great passions, and tho she lived but nine years, she has her place in the '' Dictionary of National Biography,'' where Sir Leslie Stephen concludes the paragraph devoted to her with the words: ''Pet Marjorie's life is probably the shortest to be recorded in these volumes, and

she is one of the most charming characters." Of her and Sir Walter, Mr. D. S. Meldrum writes:

"In the picture of them we see him quite under her spell. She would teach him ner nursery rimes, he pretending to stumble over them, she rebuking him with the most comical gravity.

""He used to say that when he came to Alibi Crackaby he broke down, and Pin-Pan, Musky-Dan, T'weedle-um Twoddle-um made him roar with laughter. He said Musky-Dan, especially, was beyond endurance, bringing up an Irishman and his hat fresh from the Spice Islands and odoriferous Ind; she getting quite bitter in her displeasure at his ill behavior and stupidness. Then he would read ballads to her in his own glorious way, the two getting wild with excitement over ''Gil Morrice"' or the ''Baron of Smailholm"'; and he would take her on his knee, and make her repeat Constance's speeches in ''King John"' till he swayed to and fro, sobbing his fill.'

"Scott declared that Marjorie was the most extraordinary creature he had ever met, and her repeating of Shakespeare, he said, overpowered him as nothing else could.

"Dr. John Brown has idealized the scene:

"""The year before she died, when in Edinburgh, she was at a Twelfth Night supper at Scott's, in Castle Street. The com- pany had all come--all but Marjorie. Scott's familiars, whom we all know, were there--all were come but Marjorie; and all were dull because Scott was dull. ''Where's that bairn? What can nave come over her? I'll go myself and see."' And he was getting up, and would have gone, when the bell rang, and in came Dunean Roy and his henchman Dougal, with the sedan- chair, which was brought right into the lobby, and its top raised.

"And there, in its darkness and dingy old cloth, sat Maidie in white, her eyes gleaming, and Scott bending over her in ecstasy--hung over her enamored. ''Sit ye there, my dautie, till they all see you"'; and forthwith he brought them all. You ean faney the scene. And he lifted her up and marched to his seat with her on his stout shoulder, and set her down beside him; and then began the night, and such a night! Those who knew Scott best said that night was never equaled; Maidie and he were the stars; and she gave them Constance's speeches and '' Helvellyn," the ballad then much in vogue--and all her repertoire--Scott showing her off, and being ofttimes rebuked for his intentional blunders.'"'

ashen journal and letters were gathered into a volume, of which Mr. Meldrum gives us a peep, remarking, ''What an eye for style the little witch had!' Take this one:

"*T now sit down on my botom to answer all your kind and beloved letters which you was so so good as to write me. This is the first time I ever wrote a letter in my Life. There are a great number of Girls in the Square and they ery just like a pig when we are under the painfull necessity of putting it to Death. Miss Potune a lady of my acquaintance praises me dreadfully. I repeated something out of Deen Swift and she said I was fit for the stage, and you may think I was primmed up with majestick Pride, but upon my word I felt myselfe turn a little birsay--

SEPT EM. B Bites ease

birsay is a word which is a word that William composed which is as you may suppose a little enraged. This horid fat Simpliton says that my Aunt is beautiful which is intirely impossible for that is not her nature.' ; ; Fy

"Or again: 'Isabella & Miss Isabella Craford walks to Baron- bugal & jump with filisity over wals and fences'; or, once more: 'Expostulations of all kinds are very frivolous Isabella thinks this nonsense so I will say no more about Kxpostulations. The Birds do chirp the Lambs do leap and Nature is clothed with the garments of green yellow, and white, purple, and red.'

"Tt is all so joyful and naive: 'The hedges are spruting like chicks from the eggs when they are newly hatched or as the vulgar say, clacked.'"'

The Cover

O, IT IS NOT by Gauguin, tho one might, perhaps, see a kinship between the Frenchman and Susan Ricker Knox. Mrs. Knox, however, found her subjects nearer at hand than the South Seas. Tih Saying so much, we turn the matter over to her:

"Tn the Salt River Valley' was painted at the Pima Indian reservation at Lehigh, Arizona, about twenty miles east of Phoenix. To me the whole valley, which is reclaimed desert, spells dazzling light and voluptuous color, some of which [ tried to express in the Indians and their surroundings in this canvas. The Pimas are the aristocrats of that section as the Hopis are of the northern tribes of the State. Unfortunately, the Pimas have lived too long in close proximity to department stores and the like, going to town on Saturdays. Consequently cheap cotton dresses and blue denim overalls have replaced the native cos- tume. From their descriptions, I tried to reconstruct the wo- man's costume. The older people of the family exprest satisfac- tion with the result--perhaps, however, they were only being polite. At least it fitted into my scheme of color.

""My birthplace was Portsmouth, New Hampshire. I studied in the Art Schools of Philadelphia and New York, and traveled for study in Europe. Perhaps I am better known for my portraits of young children, altho I have painted many grown-ups as well. I maintained a studio in New York City for many years, until my work took me every winter to the Middle or Far West. Giving up the New York studio, accompanied by my mother, I began driving each winter to Arizona or California, and back to Maine in the summer. The trip each way answers for a vacation, and the last was the eighth twice across.

*"An experience of painting at Ellis Island, immediately after the war, gave me such a love for 'character stuff' that I always longed to see what the even more primitive mind was like-- hence the lure of the Indian of the Southwest. I have painted the Hopi, the Apache, the Yaqui, the Maricopa, and the Pima, and find their characteristics as differing as among the white races. The Arizona Indians are as distinctly different from the New Mexico ones as the above-mentioned tribes are from each other. I neglected to say that my Ellis Island paintings-- sketches of characterized groups--were shown at the Museum of Natural History in New York during the International Con- gress of Hugenies, and later hung in the Committee Room at the House of Representatives in Washington for the consideration of the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization at the re- quest of Chairman Johnson. Later they were shown as art at the Corcoran Gallery, and traveled on their own for five years.

"Tt may interest you that I am having a Traveling Exhibition of my portraits in sunlight, also Indians and Immigrants, begin- ning in October at the Currier Gallery of Art in Manchester, New Hampshire. It will be shown at other museums, the westernmost point being the Kansas City, Missouri, Art In- stitute.

"T have had three Honorable Mentions for portraits from the Connecticut Academy, 1927, Springfield Art League, 1927, and the Ogunquit Art Association, 1931. Also, the Worcester prize in the All Missouri Exhibition, 1928.

'Am a member of the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors; The New York Society of Painters; The Pen and Brush, all of New York City; Chicago Galleries Association: Phoenix Art Association; New Haven Paint and Clay Club; Springfield Art League; Connecticut Academy of Fine Arts: North Shore Arts Association; The Ogunquit Art Association."

a

"

Setemen Dek 24. 1932 (ees ER ARY D1GEST 72)

<4

HOW CAR OWNERS VOTED ON THE QUESTION

"WHAT TIRE IS BEST?"

. . - Based on a National Tire Survey by a Neutral Institution . . .

LATA BUVPRUVERAAHORAGRERERERTEENERUGYGUGREN GAGNON GN GN OV GN ONG PENOREAOUATAAOAALAEVELEDUO TUTTE OU OU 0 G00 00880000010

ff 2 MTT Jj" 8 To TTT TET TT SIT

ATT TTT JUTE TTTTTTTTTTTT ETT TOTAL 100%)

Thés nation-wide vote on tire preferences was conducted by the same émpartial methods used by the Literary Digest in its prohibition ballot and presidential poll

Why buy any Second-Choice Tire When

FIRS FCHOICE

costs no more?

F YOU are looking for

the greatest tire values which your good money can buy in this year 1932, here are a few simple truths worth knowing:

The only bargain worth buy-

ing is the best tire you can get

for the price.

And the best tire at any price is GOODYEAR.

Who says so? The public which buys and uses tires. The public has voted Good- year Tires best by a margin of better than 2 to 1.

A great and unbiased insti- tution settled this question in a scientific, nation-wide, honest and disinterested survey.

The vote was taken in every state--in cities, towns and on farms.

The question was asked by mail-- and nothing could shade or influence the answer.

The result checks with every investigation made by the leading publications of the country on a large enough scale to secure an accurate answer.

-- = => --- = = = --

: Qn

-- y

MORE PEOPLE RIDE

GOODYEAR TIRES

THAN

It checks also with the sales figures of the rubber indus- try, which well knows that more people ride on Goodyear Tires than on any other kind.

You can't set aside this first- choice if you're looking for the biggest combination of safety, comfort, value and long mileage you can get in a tire.

Knowing these facts, know- ing their own happy experi- ence, millions of motorists therefore say to themselves: '*Why buy any second-choice tire when FIRST-CHOICE COSTS NO MORE!"

ON ANY OTHER

SCIENCE AND INVENTION

strations from The Vraveters' Standard (Hartford, Conn.)

Light and Dark Streets--Broadway, Saratoga, and Euclid Avenue, East Cleveland

Figures now prove that on the highway light means life and darkness, death.

Street Lights and Motor Accidents

HE CONNECTION BETWEEN THEM, which now seems well established, has been pointed out already in these pages.

The latest investigation, carried out by the Travelers' Insur- ance Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, indicates that if an amount equal to the loss due to inadequate street-lighting were spent to make it better, it would wipe out this portion of the accident toll, as well as save thousands of lives.

We read in The Travelers' Standard, the company's publication:

"Having in mind the oft-repeated statement that inadequate street-lighting is a direct cause of automobile accidents, the Travelers made a survey of forty-six cities, ranging in population from 100,000 to several million inhabitants, and in location from coast to coast and from the Canadian line to the Mexican border. Since the survey covers the entire country and the whole year of 1931, we are enabled to take into account the influence of different seasonal, weather, and road- surface conditions.

"We selected the three-hour period be- tween 5 P. M. and 8P. M. We find that the automobile-accident rate during these three consecutive hours is higher than that for any other three-hour period, or combi- nation of three-hour periods, of the day.

"This three-hour period covers a portion of the day when the conduct of human af- fairs is similar during summer and winter: There is a heavy homeward-bound move- ment of office employees, 'movie' patrons, shoppers, and factory workers, by trolley, bus, automobile, and on foot, coupled with late-delivery trucking. This is followed by a heavy reverse flow of traffic, largely brought about by evening social engagements.

"One of the differences between the two seasons is the greater likelihood of stormy weather and bad road surfaces in winter than in summer. But the most important difference, for present consideration, is the fact that in the summer months, on the day- light-saving schedule, or its equivalent, the 5 P. M. to 8 P. M. period is practically all daylight--the perfect light for traffic--while in the winter months it is all dusk or dark- ness. This natural darkness is tempered to some extent by street-lighting of various degrees of adequacy.

'We are inclined to give more weight to weather and road- surface conditions as causes of automobile accidents than is warranted by the facts.

'We have had rain in summer as well as in winter. Snow and ice on the streets are prevalent only in the winter months and, as a rule, only in the States contiguous to and north of the Mason and Dixon line. Slightly less than 10 per cent. of all automobile accidents can be attributed to weather and road-

29

250.

200 ~

ISO.

ties

100. ill MAY JUNE JULY AUG OCT NOV DEC JAN

Death and Darkness

The dark months show up tragically in -this diagram of the number of fatali- in automobile

3)to) 3 Pe Mi)

surface conditions. National statistics show that 6.9 per cent. of all automobile accidents are due to skidding or bad road surfaces, and this leaves approximately 3 per cent. which result wholly and directly from weather conditions.

'Another factor is the fact that traffic is heavier during the summer months. Reports show that 25 per cent. more gasoline is used in the summer."

Au this, the writer says, leads us to the vital difference be- tween the two seasons during this three-hour period, namely, our ability to see. Between 5 P. M. and 8 P. M., in the four summer months, there were 366 fatal automobile accidents and 9,519 additional accidents in which there were no fatalities. During the same hours, in the four winter months, there were 794 fatalities and 20.644 non-fatal accidents. He goes on:

""There is a logical increase (due to seasonal and road-surface conditions) in the number of winter months' accidents. Assuming this to- be 10 per cent., and adding it to the number of fatal accidents, we still have an increase of 392 fatal and 10,177 non-fatal accidents for the winter period. There seems to be no other conclusion than that this inerease is due largely, if not wholly, to inadequate illumi- nation and our resulting inability to see.

""We place the annual economic loss result- ing from automobile accidents at $2,500,- 000,000. This amount divided by the total number of accidents (860,000), gives $3,000 as the average economic loss per accident.

"The amount of grief, suffering, and sacrifice occasioned by automobile accidents is comparable only to that brought about by modern warfare and its aftermath. In addition to the anguish of a large number of persons in these forty-six cities, $1.25 per year must be collected for every inhabitant to pay the cost of the additional accidents which occur each day.

" According to our best information, present national expenditures for street-lighting are estimated at $85,000,000 annually. The average size of lamp used is 2,500 lumens (250 candle-power). The excess economic loss (winter over summer) in automobile accidents is $201,534,000. The addition of this sum to the present cost of street-lighting would make it possible to substitute a 15,000-lumen lamp (1,500 candle-power) for every lamp now used. The expenditure of this additional sum would inevitably reduce the accident rate not only in the 5 P. M. to 8 P. M. period of the four winter months, but also during all the hours of darkness in all twelve months. We are convinced that such an increase would eliminate the great majority of all traffie accidents now chargeable to lack of light. Seldom indeed does an opportunity present itself for a community to spend a given sum of money with so great a prospect of handsome returns."

accidents from

%,

ShPeeM BER] 24. 1932 Mteets TERIARY DIGEST

Twenty Cents out of every Dollar of the income of the people is the cost of government in the United States

HE United States, your State, your City or your County must depend on taxa- tion to pay its current expenses, to carry on its undertakings, to pay off its bonds.

--

PER CENT OF YEAR 1915 _

Every one---rich or poor--bears a share in the tax burden.

j

Teo eles

--«

Some pay income taxes, estate or inheri- tance taxes, specific duties or excise taxes. But all are taxed indirectly by the neces- sary inclusion of taxes in the cost of food, clothing, rent, merchandise, trans- portation and other necessities obtained through the merchant, the landlord, the transportation companies and others who, themselves, are taxed.

~~ --

While the population of the United States increased by 29 per cent between 1913 and 1931, the expenditures of Federal, State and Municipal Governments in- creased by 375 per cent.

Governmental expen-

ditures constituted 8 per cent of the national

income in 1913 and 20

per cent of the national

income in 1931.

are

Expenditures by Fed- eral, State and Munici- pal Governments equal Y, of the income of the OT American people--one © 1932 M.L. 1. CO. day's income out of five.

--

The only sources from which money can be obtained for the payment of such expenditures are the men, women and children of the country--by taxation, direct or indirect. Bond issues merely postpone the day when the expenditure must be paid for --by taxes, for there is no other method.

--TM --

The only control over such expenditures rests with representatives of the people chosen for executive or legislative posi- tions by the voters in their own com- munities.

METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

FREDERICK H. ECKER, PRESIDENT

ONE MADISON AVE., NEW YORK, N. Y.

23

24. THE LATERARY? DIGEST

Frameless Steel Houses

DEVELOPMENT IN HOME CONSTRUCTION, now under way in Cleveland, in which fabricated sheet steel is used, factory-assembled into walls

and floors, then electrically welded, will provide frameless steel houses, insulated and fireproof, at low costs.

E. F. Mead, building manager of the Westinghouse Company, states that it is cooperating with the American Rolling Mills Company in the construction of the first home of this type in the village of Solon, just outside of Cleveland. Says a press bulletin issued by the News Department of the Westinghouse Company (Hast Pittsburgh, Pa.):

"The new method will probably change all existing practises in home construction, since all operations have been so simplified, so many advantages have developed by factory assembly of various units, that houses may be completed in about fifteen days. The costs may be low, and they permit the installation of modern finishing materials and equipment, so that the work- man may easily have a home ordinarily associated with living standards of the well-to-do business man.

Insulated Steel, Inc.- Robert Smith, Jr., Architect

How the New Steel House Will Look

"Sheet steel metal, with boxlike corrugations, form the building walls. The walls are fabricated in the factory in large sections, room-wide and story-high, with window-frames and spandrels welded in. These sections are so light that one man ean easily lift them. Rolled steel sheets, pressed into Z sections, are welded into floor forms at the factory. Then these sections are hauled to the building site like stage settings.

'"A metal cap is laid on the masonry foundation wall. Then the wall sections are raised, placed on the metal cap, and welded together.

"Developments in electric-are welding, states Mr. Mead, are responsible for much of the ease of construction. Portable are welders permit flexibility of assembly, in the factory and on the job. Spot welding, each weld requiring about five seconds to complete, make the new building assembly as simple an operation as sewing cloth together. One welding outfit is all that is necessary for the erection of a home.

"The exterior of the house, heavily insulated against heat or cold, will consist of Celotex, one inch in thickness, fastened to the sheet-metal walls. Over that will be nailed porcelain enamel shingles. These shingles, in colors, forever solve the painting problem.

'Both shingles and Celotex will be nailed to the walls. A tempered, spirally threaded nail has been developed which can be driven more easily and rapidly into metal than ordinary nails ean be driven into wood.

''On the interior, wall board and plaster will be used. Bath and kitchen walls will be finished in linoleum.

"The steel floors will be coated with a layer of mastic, acting as a sound-deadener and also as an adhesive. Over this the floor covering will be laid.

"Ceilings will consist of acoustical tile. The first Armeo frame- less steel house will have a flat roof, with a solarium built on top. The roof will also serve as a porch. Built-up asphalt will cover the steel and thin pieces of slate will provide a walking surface."

SEPTEMBERI2Z4,519a0

Every known electrical convenience will be provided, particu- larly in the kitchen. Micarta panels, a new material which makes possible permanent and beautiful decorative effects, will also have a place in the home. To conclude:

'"Mills G. Clark, former president. of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, who developed the new frameless method of con- struction, hopes to be able to market a seven-room modern home and garage at a price considerably lower than the same house can be built according to ordinary construction methods.

"The basic idea of the new project,according to Mr. Mead, is that as production can be increased, costs of this new type home will steadily go down." é

Can We Tell a Crook by His Looks?

NE OF THE MOST POPULAR BELIEFS is that you can, and that upright character and worthiness have also certain physiological marks, mostly facial.

But the worst liars, says a writer in The American Weekly (New York), are those with candid, clear eyes, who let their gaze -dwell innocently and limpidly upon their victims most of the time they are talking.

For many years scientists have been trying to discover just. what basis of truth, if*amy,; there is in this ancient idea of a 'criminal type." We read:

"Recently, Prof. Earnest A: Hooton, of Harvard, made comparative mea- surements of 16,000 American erimi- nals and 2,000 non-criminal Amer- icans. He came to the conclusion that while there seemed to be some physio- logical differences, there are so many worthy people who have one or more of the same characteristics that it is literally impossible definitely to 'tell a crook by his looks.'

""Years ago, the famous Italian anthropologist, Dr. Cesare Lombroso, speeified certain sigas, such as the 'eriminal ear,' as indications of de- generacy and criminality. Later, an English prison physician, Dr. Charles Goring, listed so many exceptions that the whole idea was abandoned.

"The 'low-brow' theory is another exploded idea. Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, of the Smithsonian Institution, finds that Negroes actually do have higher foreheads, on the average, than whites, but there is nothing in his figures to indicate any relation between height of brow and either criminality or intelligence.

"The 'weak-chin' theory is another baseless myth. Actually, as has been pointed out by Dr. Milo Hellman, of the American Museum of Natural History, the chief things that influence the shape of the chin probably are diet and the conditions of one's glands.

"Flat noses, claw-shaped hands, certain lines or markings in the palms, thick necks, and short, heavy-trunked bodies all have been pointed to as indications of criminal tendencies, but scientific men take none of these indications seriously.

"What is much more likely, they insist, is that a whole series of bodily indications might be found to go with the real criminal type. Also, the scientists expect to find many exceptions to the general rules."

ims is suggested, we are told, by the recent work of Professor Hooton. Three questions were proposed by him, as follows:

"One was whether different kinds of criminals are distinguished by bodily signs according to the kinds of crimes that they com- mitted. The answer, he reported, is yes. The average murderer, for example, does differ in body and features from the average forger or the average bootlegger.

"The second question was whether all criminals differ, on the average, from ordinary, law-abiding citizens. Again, the answer is that they do; chiefly in that the criminals as a class are inferior to the average population in bodily size, strength, and so on.

"The third question was whether different races or racial

SEPTEMBER 24,

Lez

. . ~

ist

&

.

Heimer st WwERIACROY? D1G.ES'T Zp

Pint i ee or tii it

Precrous Carceo!

Your CHILDREN. About them is centered your very life. In motor car or trolley or train or other conveyance, they are to you the most precious cargo in the world. Instinctively you are apprehensive and alert for their comfort and safety.

But there is one conveyance in which you give not one thought to comfort and safety--the modern* ele- vator. It starts and stops so carefully. It follows its path upward and downward so surely and easily. It works so steadily and silently, there really is no reason for you to bother your head about it.

It is the work of engineers of Otis Elevator Company which has made the elevator the convenient and de- pendable vertical conveyance it is today. And it is their work which has brought the modern* elevator within easy reach of every building owner. For they have not only created revolutionary mechanism for new elevators, but have likewise adapted this mechanism to the elevators already in use. And thus, under the Otis Modernization Plan, these older elevators need not be scrapped, but can be made to give the conveniences

and comforts of an entirely new installation. To them can be given the benefits of the Otis self-leveling cars, Otis automatic door openers and closers, Otis signal control, these and all the other ingenious things per- fected and put into practical use by Otis engineers.

So, if you are not getting the best of elevator service and comfort in your building, speak to the owner about it. Tell him he should look into this Otis Moderniza- tion Plan. It has been devised for him. It is to his advantage to make use of it. He can quickly learn just how reasonably his elevators can be modernized by having the engineers of Otis make a survey of his elevator system. This service is free. Just telephone the local Otis office.

*4 modern elevator is not necessarily new. It can be an old one made

modern through the Otis Modernization Plan.

OTIS ua

COMPANY

TH EML TREIRVAIRAY* Dal Giksan

26

groups differ in their tendencies to crime, a matter obviously of great practical importance in deciding which kinds of im- migrants to admit to the United States. Once more, the report is that such racial differences do exist, altho the data have not vet been published.

"Most interesting, perhaps, of the conclusions which Pro- fessor Hooton did announce is the picture which he draws from the actual facts of human measurement and not from theory, concerning the kind of person who is found guilty of first-degree murder. These murderers differ from the average criminal, he states, in being taller and heavier : in body, in having narrower foreheads and wider jaws, in having less hair on their heads but more of it on their bodies, in having less curly hair, in having longer and larger heads, in having fewer and poorer teeth, and in a higher percentage of hooked noses.

'Aven more interesting, in the light of Lombroso's older ideas, is the fact disclosed by Professor Hooton's data that persons convicted of murder differ from the average person convicted of other crimes in having broader, flatter, and more protruding ears, and in having more sloping, 'low-brow' foreheads.

"There is no doubt that this picture of the average murderer disclosed by Professor Hooton's data does resemble, altho not com- | pletely, the popular 'gorilla' type of gangster and bad man.

'Where science and the public idea differ, however, is that the scientists admit and expect many exceptions.

"Recently in England a commission stud- ied the problem of the habitual e¢riminal, who comes back again and again before the courts or into the jails. Release from one punishment is merely the signal for another erime. A few weeks ago this commission made a report listing, among other things, three sharply different kinds of individuals distinguishable, they believe, in this habitual eriminal class.

"One consists of feeble-minded persons and others suffering from more or less definite kind of mental disease, like the kleptomaniaecs who can not help stealing no matter how hard they try.

'"A second group includes weak and inferior individuals who drift into crime to make a living.

"The third group, markedly different from these, includes the strong, masterful persons who go into crime as a pro- fession; individuals whose chief trouble seems to be a violent mental revolt against society."

Wrong Eagle on Washington Coin

HE bald or white-headed eagle, chosen by the founders of the Republic as the national emblem, has been cheated out of a place on the Washington memorial twenty-five-cent piece just issued, according toa Wire Report of Sczence Service (Washington).

The bird that roosts on the reverse of the new coin has feath- ered ''trousers'"' coming down to his feet, which marks him as a golden eagle.

The golden eagle is native to the Old World as well as to America, and is displayed by the coats-of-arms of several Euro- pean nations. The bald eagle, a strictly American bird, has the '""trousers'' only in his juvenile stage; when mature he is bare- shanked. We read further:

"The bald eagle is correctly shown on all save one of the other United States coins where an eagle appears at all. The other exception is the half-dollar that came into use just before the World War, on which a 'trousered' golden eagle is shown. On all the older coins, bearing a 'displayed' eagle with a shield on its breast, the bird, tho unnaturally flattened out in a heraldic convention, is unmistakably a bald eagle.

"At least one of the Fathers of the Republic would doubtless applaud the dethronement of the bald eagle if he were still living. Benjamin Franklin disapproved very strongly the choice of the bald eagle as the American emblem, stating that the bird was thievish as well as rapacious, and 'generally lousy' to boot. In this opinion the great early American naturalist, Audubon, heartily concurred."

California's Mephisto

Leering down on Capels Creek Canyon from the mountainside.

S.E:P'T E MIB: EiRe 2 ee

A Diabolical Rock Profile

T is hard to get ahead of California. As a competitor to New Hampshire's famed Old Man of the Mountain, in Franconia Notch, she now offers a sneering mountain

devil, horns and all. : ' Says E. M. Muse, of the State Highway Department, in Calz- fornia Highways and Public Works (Sacramento) :

'""At an elevation of about 8,500 feet, jutting from the end of an ancient lava-flow near the Alpin State Highway, was found a marvelous freak of nature. Overlooking Capels Creek Canyon and the forbidding voleanie jungle of Hell's Delight, this relic of cosmic upheaval, shown in the adjoining column, is offered by its discoverer as one of the most unique specimens of rock forma- tions ever found.

"Climbing among the rocks of the high ridge that rises between Amador and Alpine counties, in making a turn around the nose of a cliff, I came upon his majesty, 'Mephis- topheles of the Mountains.' The demoniac ensemble is almost perfect. Note the leering profile, the sinister sneer, the horn on his head, the wart on his nose; all emphasized by the protruding beak, heavy eyelid, and set jaw. Note, too, the trueness to life in the relative size and proportion of facial features.

"As if presiding with fiendish demeanor, here for unknown centuries, he has looked down into the rugged wilderness, through which the undaunted Kit Carson blazed his trail. into California. This devil's head of black lava measures about seven feet from chin to crown. It can not be seen from the highway, and can only be found by a stren- uous climb and hike along the crest of the lava ridge to the east of Silver Lake. With the exception of retouching out a dark spot of background beyond the profile, the photo has not been altered."

Making Children Grow

ROWTH MAY BE REMARKABLY stimulated by diet, according to reports of recent experiments by Dr. Summerfeldt, described in Good Health (Battle Creek, Mich.).

By feeding eleven children on a diet in which were large quanti- ties of vitamin B and extra supplies of other vitamins and min- erals, he succeeded in securing a rate of gain nearly five times the ordinary amount. Says Good Health:

"The dietary by which this extraordinary rate of growth was secured consisted chiefly of farina, oatmeal, corn-meal, and wheat germ. One per cent. each of brewer's yeast and alfalfa leaf-meal were included. Besides the above plant foods, 2 per cent. of bone-meal was given, probably to supply lime, but an abundance of this element should have been found in the alfalfa, meal, the wheat germ and oatmeal; or, if more was needed, another portion of the alfalfa meal would easily have supphed it. Bone-meal may be suitable for lions, tigers, and other carnivorous beasts, but is not a proper constituent for a human bill of fare.

"This experiment clearly demonstrates the tremendous im- portance of diet regulation, especially during the growing period. It is certainly not a pleasant thought that many thousands of children are stunted in their development by wrong feeding, and yet there seems to be no escaping this conclusion. Children while dependent upon their parents are in the position of in- terned prisoners. They must eat what is given them. If they are inadequately fed, their parents or guardians are responsible for the consequences.

"With this new and rather startling information concerning the possibility of securing a notable increase in stature merely by adding a few inexpensive items to the bill of fare, it is easy to beheve in the possibility of realizing the late Mr. Burbank's forecast of a new human race within six generations by the thoroughgoing application of scientific methods of race im- provement.''

SEPTEMBER 24, 193

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a THE UT ERARY DilGes m

Sports AND ATHLETICS

Now for a Question-Box Football Season

within five yards of the restraining line until the kick is made.

Receiving team on kick-off may signal for fair catch, and thus be protected from interference even if the kicking team is eligible to receive the ball.

Will the new rules make 1932 football

SEPTEMBER 32449 #9132

28 DR. MUELLER-DEHAM of Vienna

cos

AVE out the old coonskins, football fans, sharpen your pencils, and

open your note-books. The whistle is shrieking. Here's the kick-off. The ball zips through the air. The boys are off on the long, hard trail of

(Right) X-rays prove yeast keeps intestines active, clean--clearing away poisons that lead to headaches, bad breath, skin troubles, etc.--literally ''toning"' the whole system.

ag Boe whole organism benefits from the... effect of yeast. It hasa... stimulating action on the stomach and the muscles of the intestines."

The head of one of the best known clinics in Central Europe is responsible for that statement . . . Primarius Dr. Albert Mueller-Deham of the Versorgungs- haus, famous Vienna hospital.

Dr. Mueller-Deham adds:--

**Fresh yeast will keep the system clean...and atthesametime strengthen and nourish it. It should be especially taken . . . by those who are feeling below par.''

Eaten daily, Fleischmann's Yeast actually "tones" and strengthens the sluggish muscles of the intestines. It softens the wastes. It helps the system free itself of accumulated poisons in a really natural way.

And it is the richest known food in the group of health-giving vitamins--B, G and D!

Have you ever tried it? You owe it to your- self todo so. Just eat 3 cakes of Fleischmann's fresh Yeast every day, regularly. Directions are plainly printed on the label.

(Left) "I was tired--al- ways,'' writes Louise A. Jordan, Columbus, O. '""My system wassluggish. I felt I should have to give up my position and take a rest. Fleisch- mann's Yeast cleared up my sluggishness and I took up my work with new eagerness. I looked better, too."'

IMPORTANT-- Fleischmann's Yeast for health

comes only in the foil-wrapped cake with the yellow label. It's yeast in its fresh, effective form--the kind doctors advise. At grocers, restaurants and soda fountains, Copyright, 1932, by Standard Brands Incorporated

1932's football season that ends in the promised land of All-America teams, with Tur Diagest's super-eleven of super- elevens as the final reward.

The 1932 season will answer more puz- zling questions than any in years.

Our gridiron warriors are battling under

new--or at least drastically revised--rules.

The changes--already discust in THE Dicest--are regarded as the farthest-

reaching football revolution since the up-

a less hazardous occupation? How will the game appear as a spectacle? How will players and fans react to the changes when they are used in actual play and not in demonstrations such as Columbia squads recently went through for the benefit of coaches meeting in New York?

What part will radio play in reporting the season? Some time ago a large num- ber of leading colleges and universities banned broadcasting on the theory that

Copyright International

How the New Rules Clip the Flying Tackle's Wings

This spectacular play is a thing of the past, now that the big rules reformation is accom-

plished. now illegal, manner.

At the left, Nevel of Columbia tackles Chippendale, his team-mate, in the old, At the right, the same players show how the new rule works.

Nevel,

while tackling, keeps both feet on the ground. Coach Lou Little and an official are watch- ing the demonstration.

heaval of 1906. The revisions were brought about by 1931's staggering list of football fatalities

estimated as high as forty-nine, altho some argue that it is unjust to attribute so many deaths di- rectly to the game.

Some of the new rules, according to a summary by Arthur Siegel in the Boston Herald, ''govern the padding of equipment. Again, there is the rule which declares the ball dead at the spot if any part of the ball carrier, except his hands or feet, touches the ground. The rule which per- mits a player to return to the game at any time except in the quarter he is withdrawn also is destined to relieve strain and exer- tion."

And Mr. Siegel of the changes thus:

summarizes the rest

Abolition of the flying tackle and the flying block.

Use of palms of hands, defensively, above shoulders only to push or ward off the opponent. Striking forbidden.

Requirement that five players of re- ceiving team on kick-off or free kick be

it cuts the gate, that the fan who has the chance will stay at home and get his games over the air. But now broad- casting depends on each college's discre- tion.

Army and Navy have patched up their differences over eligibility and resumed athletic relations. They will play a regu- larly scheduled game in Philadelphia on December 3. Does this truce presage more athletic peace treaties? Will Harvard and Princeton kiss and make up? And Co- lumbia and New York University?

Will football feel the pinch of hard times? Not only at the gate, but on the field as well?

"What with the depression and the consequent necessity of young men think- ing less about football, and, incidentally,

, about higher education--or vice versa--

and more about doing their bit for the family exchequer in such marts of trade as happen to be recruiting new blood, the football coach does not feel in a position to count too heavily upon his material,''

Ser PeWVib ERs 24> 1932

Lawrence Perry writes in a Consolidated Press dispatch. ''Full many a gridiron gem of purest ray serene will be lost this year in the dark, unfathomed caves of office buildings unless bureaus of self- help find themselves able to meet an un- accustomed demand upon their resources."

But in a subsequent article distributed by the same news service, Mr. more cheerful, assuring us:

Perry is

Men and women with nothing to do have taken advantage of the low cost of board and tuition and enrolled for courses in various colleges. It appears entering freshman classes and neweomers in the graduate schools will see a wholly unusual representation of men and women in their thirties, and even in their forties.

Don't be surprized if football squads this year show performers to whose physical prowess is added the wisdom of mature years, tough old boys in their thirties who, as they drive through the line, or skirt the ends, or make devastating tackles, will be cheered on by their sons and daughters.

Mors questions--

What teams will emerge as the real big- time leaders when such gridiron jugger- nauts as Southern California, Notre Dame,

Army, Navy, Harvard, Yale, Georgia, Alabama, and New York University tangle? .

What stars will replace such thrill dis- pensers as Ernie Pinckert, MarchySchwartz, and Albie Booth? :

The coaches haye been indulging in the preseason pessimism that is a traditional part of the game. To hear them tell it during the past two or three weeks, any one of the big teams will be lucky to win a game this fall. Unless (and it's a big ''unless'' that warns us to discount the bear stories) Joe Whoozis and Tommy Blank come through as they did in high school last year or on the freshman eleven.

While such big Mid-Western outfits as Notre Dame, Chicago, Illinois, Purdue, Northwestern Michigan, Wisconsin, and the rest go through their drills, let's jump out to California and sample the tears (slightly crocodile, maybe) of ''Pop" Warner of Stanford. ''Pop,'' predicting the finish of the fall race on the West coast, refuses to put his own boys higher than fourth in a list of ten.

Warner's rating of the Pacific coast conference elevens follows, George T. Davis writes inthe LosAngeles Herald and Express:

Southern California, California, Oregon State, Stanford, Washington, Washington State, Oregon, University of California at Los Angeles, Idaho, Montana.

When I prest the old man for his reasons for this rating, he immediately answered "material."

"Southern California and California have been the best material on the Pacific coast," he drawled, ''while Oregon State has some mighty fine, big players whom I expect to make quite a showing."

Warner then was asked about his own material. He thought a minute, and then a playful smile stole over his lips as he an- swered:

Tite Teme AR Y DIGEST

wear FOO

Care of his Gums is a Mystery. . and he has "PINK TOOTH BRUSH"!

E can Sherlock Holmes any clue in

a mystery thriller--track down the slickest gangs! But that "'tinge of pink" on his tooth brush -- that warning of trouble ahead for his teeth and gums -- he misses completely.

And unless he reads the facts and faces them--he's due for some bad news!

Sound teeth depend upon healthy gums. And to be firm and healthy, our gums need exercise and stimulation -- something they seldom get in these days of soft and creamy foods.

They grow weak--they grow soft -- develop a tendency to bleed. And unless that's checked--unless you get to it

promptly -- you may be due for gingi- vitis, Vincent's disease or even the rare pyorrhea.

Massage with Ipana

Today, get a tube of Ipana Tooth Paste. Clean your teeth with it --twice a day. And, each time, massage a little extra Ipana into your gums. Leave it there, so that the ziratol -- the toning agent in Ipana--can do its most effective work in firming the gum walls.

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"Stanford depends more on superior coaching."

And to make sure that he was not mis- understood in having his little joke, Warner broke out in a loud laugh.

Now: let us transfer our attention to the sunny South--or the starry South, since we're thinking in terms of star football players. Here we discover Frank Thomas, coach of the Crimson Tides of Alabama, saying, ''Don't be silly!'' with great ve- hemence whenever his brother coaches hint that Alabama is in for a big year. Thomas himself, according to Ed Miles's account in the Atlanta Journal, rates his own boys third among the leading Southern teams. Here's his order, writes Mr. Miles:

Tulane, Tennessee, Alabama, Vanderbilt,

Georgia, Georgia Tech, Alabama Poly- technic, Florida. _ The pick of Harry Mehre, of Georgia, coincided with Thomas's choice with the exception of Alabama's being given the first rating.

Mehre's comment on his Georgia team is summed up in the simple statement that 'Tt will be an interesting year."

His greatest problem, he says, is at the guards, from which place he lost those four sterling men, Leathers, Maddox, Bennett, and Patterson. Davis and Opper give some promise at the tackles, he said, and Turbyville and Batchelor have the looks of two good ends. '"'In fact,' he said, in summing up the situation, "'we will have a good-looking team, all right, but what it will do remains to be seen. It will be in an interesting year, all right."'

dive the East selecting the outstanding teams of the section is surprizingly like groping for gold in a pile of sand, in the estimation of Stanley Woodward, who continues in the New York Herald Tribune:

We were imprest by the possibilities of the Columbia squad when it reported for duty in the sweltering heat. New York University has the man power to do well under its new coach, Jake Cann, '20. Cornell will be strong. Pittsburgh will be up to standard. Colgate can be counted on. Syracuse has bright hopes, and Yale seems to be strategically placed.

Yale looks definitely better on a basis of material than Harvard and Princeton at this stage. Harvard lost all its backs by graduation.

Princeton, under its new coach, ' Fritz'' Crisler, is hopeful, tho it faces a serious assignment in tackling Columbia on its second Saturday of the season. Crisler did a great deal to further organization and spirit during spring practise, but the nature of the schedule is against him.

While on the subject of the smaller col- leges it is worth while to note that Amherst, long in a football slump, is blossoming out with a new and thoroughly trained coach this year. He is Lloyd Jordan, who played under '"'Pop'' Warner at Pittsburgh and helped Andy Kerr coach Colgate. He is expected to introduce the Warner system. Williams and Wesleyan, other members of the '' Little Three,"' will continue under the respective direction of Charley Caldwell and Andrew James ''Swede"' Oberlander.

The Pennsylvania colleges seem equipped to maintain the high football standard of their State. Pittsburgh probably will be the best of them. Lafayette, Washington and Jefferson, and Lehigh have hopes. *

SEPMPEMVABE Roa24 , 19:32 te epi RTE RAR Y Dl GEST 3]

Babe Ruth Picks His All-America Baseball Team

HO are this year's brightest spar- klers in baseball's diamond crown? Mae, Re Z, dl by Every one has his favorites.

Wherever you go you'll hear the praises 99 of Gehrig and Jackson and Manush and f 2 Klein and Wilson and Averill and Combs, re, aon OM. to say nothing of the great Ruth himself (whose recent indisposition so worried the me fans), and the foxy Foxx who, at this writing, has so good a chance to shatter the Babe's home-run record of sixty.

Every fan will, with little or no urging, pick an all-star team. A lot of them have done it already. But gather around while one of the biggest players of the game, who is also one of the most rabid fans, makes his own selections out of personal knowl- edge that we all must envy.

In fewer words, Babe Ruth has picked his annual All-America baseball team. It is copyrighted by the Christy Walsh Syndicate, and we quote it from the New York Evening Journal.

Here are the Ruthian all stars:

Left-field, O'Doul, Brooklyn National; short-stop, Cronin, Washington American; center-field, Averill, Cleveland American; right-field, Klein, Philadelphia National; first base, Foxx, Philadelphia American; second base, Lazzeri, New York American; eatcher, Dickey, New York American; third base, Traynor, Pittsburgh National; pitcher, Grove, Philadelphia American; pitcher, Warneke, Chicago National.

Tus is a big job of picking, of course, and the Babe can't be expected to do it unaided. He has the assistance of a news- paper committee representing many parts of the country. The workings of the plan the Babe explains thus:

"YES, I LIKE

to smoke Granger tobacco. During

my time, I have tried all kinds of

tobacco; but, frankly, I have never

Each member sends in his choice of the All-America team. I compare my choice with theirs, weigh the possibilities and then make my selection.

The committee and members of the All- American Board of Baseball which worked with me in the selection of this 1932 team consisted of the following:

Jack Malaney, Boston Post; Warren Brown, Chicago Herald-Examiner; Tom Swope, Cincinnati Post; Ed Bang, Cleve- land News; Bud Shaver, Detroit Times; W. S. Farnsworth, New York Evening Journal; James Isaminger, Philadelphia Inquirer; Harry Keck, Pittsburgh Sun- Telegraph; John EH. Wray, St. Louis Post- Dispatch; Kirk Miller, Washington Times.

The vote of this committee for players © 1932, Liccert & was as follows: Myers Topacco Co.

First base--Foxx, 8; Gehrig, 2.

Short-stop--Cronin, 8; Gelbert, 1; Bar- tell, 1.

Second base--Lazzeri, 4; Gehringer, 4; Melilio, 1; Frisch, 1

Third base--Traynor, 6; Whitney, 2; EH. English, 1; Foxx, 1. |

Left-field--O' Doul, 9; Simmons, 1.

Center-field--Averill, 5; P. Waner, 4; L. Waner, 1.

Right-field--Klein, 10.

Catcher--Dickey, 5; Cochrane, 2; Fer- rell, 2; Hogan, 1.

Pitchers--Gomez, 9; Warneke, 5; Grove,

4;F WP : ea the above consensus it can be GRANGER IS AMERICA'S

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The tobacco that's right-- and the pack- age that's right

PIPE TOBACCO

=

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seen that my selections agree in eight of ten players, with one other being tied in the consensus vote. The lone difference is in the choice of pitchers. I rate the four pitchers listed above as the top four of the year, but I put them in a different order. My rating puts Grove at the top and Gomez third, because I regard Grove as the greatest pitcher now in the game.

Of the team I have chosen Pie Traynor is making his fifth appearance, as he was chosen in 1926-27-29 and '31. Thisis the fourth consecutive choice for Grove, and the third straight for both Klein and Cronin. Averill was named for the 1931 team, and Foxx was on my 1929 team. O'Doul, Lazzeri, Dickey, and Warneke are newcomers. Meanwhile Al Simmons is off after being chosen for five consecutive years, and Cochrane is off after four years in a row and an earlier selection in 1925.

Now for the players and the reasons why Babe picked them:

. Jimmy Foxx is my choice for first base, and if all the selections were as easy as this one was I am quite sure there would be no arguments. Foxx has been out- standing in a season when first basemen have been particularly prominent.

The competition for the second-base post has been very keen, but I have had an added advantage this year in seeing so much of Tony Lazzeri, whose eomeback to the ranks of baseball's head-liners has been one of the real features of the season.

For the third consecutive year I have chosen Joe Cronin for short-stop, and I must add here what I have mentioned in my previous selections of this sterling player. There is something about Cronin which does not show in the averages, but one can never mistake it when seeing him play. He is a spark-plug on any team of which he is a member. Always hustling and fighting, at his best in the pinches with runners on base, he has imprest me as a great player ever since he came into the league.

A very familiar figure appears at third base in the person of '' Pie" Traynor, who was my choice a year ago, as well as in three earlier campaigns. I have been told that Traynor is not the player he was, which is to be expected, for he has been guarding that far turn for a number of years.

As these selections are made, Traynor is leading all third basemen in hitting, and he still has enough fielding skill and gen- eral knowledge of the fine points of third- base play to make him the best of the group.

Left-field this year goes to Lefty O'Doul, who has been the leading hitter in the National League for some time, and who, as this is written, tops all other major- league batsmen. O'Doul played a big part in the pennant drive of the Dodgers, both with his bat and defensively.

I have chosen Earl Averill for center- field, chiefly on his powerful hitting, but that does not mean he is lacking in a de- fensive way.

His chief rivals for the place have been Earl Combs, of the Yankees, and Lloyd Waner, of the Pirates.

Chuck Klein gets the right-field place with something to spare, Ruth's article for the Walsh Syndicate runs on:

He was my choice in 1930 and 1931, and I feel that he stands out over all rivals this year to an even greater extent. He has taken part in every game played by his team as these lines are written, and he leads his league in number of hits, in

cA a . i

Lon a

Se Page MOB E:Rt 249 19°32

runs scored, in home runs, and in total bases, besides being second in runs batted in, second in triples, and tied for second in doubles.

Bill Dickey has come forward as a high- class workman behind the bat, a steadying influence for pitchers, and as a hitting power whose value to his team is consider- able. I agree with the newspaper com- mittee in rating Dickey as the best catcher of the year.

As in other years I am naming two pitchers. Last year, for the first time, I picked two southpaws--Grove and Brandt. This year one of each will be found in my selection. I regard Grove as the greatest pitcher of the present time, and place him first, tho he has suffered more defeats than either Warneke or Gomez.

As for Warneke, his ability to go the route and win low score games, gives him 'the call for second place on the team. He has been the star of his league all year.

To-Morrow's Sport Heroes

AKE your pick! Would: you rather--

Win a ball game with a home run?

Win a fight with a knockout blow?

Score an eagle three on a 530-yard, par five hole?

Or would you rather--

Fly over the Andes alone with your broken ankles in plaster-casts as Jimmy Doolittle has done?

Send radio messages with Al Williams, from a plane flying upside down?

Or go with Gar Wood for an unofficial trial of his newest and most powerful speed-boat, and hit the breath-taking clip of 124 miles an hour?

Paul Gallico of the New York Daily News has been out to the Cleveland Air Races and the Harmsworth Trophy races in Detroit. He has been thinking over the future of sport, and has come to the con- clusion that the pilots of planes, the drivers of fast cars and boats, are going to replace ball players, prize-fighters, golfers, and the like in the affections of the sport-loving public.

Making his own choice between the two kinds of thrills involved, he unhesitatingly chooses the thrill of speed, and continues in his article in The Daily News:

Are these the sport heroes of to-morrow, these men whose deeds I have been re- porting--Doolittle, Haizlip, Ben Howard, Al Williams, Gar Wood, Kaye Don? I rather think so.

A baseball pitcher who strikes out twelve or fourteen men or throws a no-hit game has brought his art to a fine point. It is something to write about, but give me Gar Wood, the old gray fox, sitting behind the wheel of his thunder-boat, Miss America X, choking with gas from his exhaust, battered by wind and spray, bounced, rattled, and jounced, hardly able to breathe, yet grinning his half-boy, half-fiend's grin, waving to Orlin Johnson, his mechanic, to open her up and send her to hellangone.

The English hold the speed-boat record [says the writer in a subsequent article, a paragraph of which we interpolate] but they won't have that one after Gar Wood has his official speed test, because his boat will go 124 miles an hour on a straightaway

TRB IT ERAANRY "DILG EST

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SEPTEMBER? 24 1 982

and hold together. I know it will, because I was in it when it did.

Mae. GALLICcO has never been overenthu- siastic about the contributions to culture and civilization made by the young men who follow the prize-fighter's trade, he says as he continues:

They are colorful fellows, interesting to meet and write about, but the whole pack of them not worth the small digit, as men or heroes, of an Al Williams, flying air- scientist who, every time he takes to the ether and catapults himself through the air at 200 to 250 miles an hour, in positions that few other human beings can approxi- mate in a ship, adds new knowledge to the delicate art of navigating the air.

Doolittle is the man who flew an airplane over the Andes with both of his legs in plaster-casts. The legs were in a cast because they were broken. He broke them by wandering off a six-foot balcony in the dark--after years of flying without serious injury. The reason he flew his ship over the Andes with both legs in plaster-casts _ was because he wanted to get to Buenos Aires to demonstrate Curtiss pursuit ships against a French competitor. :

While there, some one suggested he put - on a dog fight with the Frenchman. They did. The Frenchman left the air after five minutes of it.

He said: ''That man is crazy. He tried to erash into me."

Jimmy came down and wanted to know why the Frenchman wouldn't play any more. They told him. 'Hell,' said Jimmy, "I don't know what he was worry- ing about. I didn't come within six inches of him."

Queens of the Sport of Kings

VERY day is ladies' day at the race-

track--and not by courtesy, either,

now that women horse-owners are coming

to take an important part in affairs of the

turf, which has so long been regarded as a masculine domain.

As a matter of fact, every important American stake has been won at one time or another by a horse wearing a woman's . colors.

So Mary Margaret McBride tells us in Cosmopolitan Magazine, as she reminds us of the queens of the sport of kings. Sarazen, Reigh Count, Man o' War, Twenty Grand, and many another famous nag were and are the property of women.

The Hopeful, ''Saratoga's famous clas- sic," has four times been won by women, Miss McBride tells us as she outlines the part women are playing in racing circles:

In 1923, by Mrs. Walter M. Jeffords, with Diogenes; in 1926, by Mrs. Charles M. Amory, with Lord Chaucer; in 1927, by Mrs. Dodge Sloane, with Brooms; and

last year by Mrs. Louis G. Kaufman, with Tick On.

For that matter, all the important stakes on the American turf have been captured at one time or another by a woman--the Jockey Club Gold Cup; the $50,000 prize money of the Kentucky Derby; the Belmont Stakes, $60,000; the Futurity, $100,000; the Hopeful, $50,000; the Saratoga Cup; the Pimlico Futurity, $50,000; the Pimlico Cup; the Metropoli- tan and many coveted steeplechases.

The Saratoga Cup, oldest distance

a

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stakes in America, a weight-for-age race, and therefore a real test. of stamina, has been won three times by horses owned by women:

Mrs. J. D. Hertz's Reigh Count in 1928; Mrs. Henry Carnegie Phipps's Diavolo in 1929 and, in 1931, by Mrs. Payne Whit- ney's Twenty Grand.

The beautiful Saratoga track with its flowers and artificial lake is a special favor- ite with the women owners. Most of them own or rent cottages which they fill with guests during the season. The real en- thusiasts are up in the morning to see their horses gallop; they give breakfasts and luncheons in their stable kitchens and waste little time on dress.

So many women now race horses at Saratoga in August and at Belmont Park in the spring and autumn that races ex- clusively for them have been set up, with alluring vanity cases and cups for prizes. But, on the whole, the American track welcomes women on the same terms as men.

Meas. PAYNE WHITNEY, whose greatest horse was Twenty Grand, "began racing nearly a generation ago.'"' And here are some other ladies listed by Miss McBride as prominently identified with the turf:

Mrs. Henry Carnegie Phipps, sister of Ogden Mills, Secretary of the Treasury, and joint owner with him of the Wheatley Stable; was brought into the sport by the late Harry Payne Whitney, largest owner and breeder in America. Mr. Whitney, who was always working to make racing thrive, heard Mrs. Phipps say that she would like to own a féw horses. Knowing she would be an asset to the turf, he was anxious to help her.

"Tf you like,"' he said, ''T'll let you have some of my yearlings.'"' She jumped at the offer. Then he selected several young- sters, and out of the lot she had the as- tounding luck to get five outstanding stake winners, including Diavolo, Dice, and Distraction.

No woman owner had more phenomenal beginner's luck than did Mrs. John D. Hertz of Chicago, whose Leona Stable in Illinois was named for her daughter, also an expert horsewoman. Mrs. Hertz had at the outset of her career two great champions, Anita Peabody, the filly that won the Futurity at Belmont Park, out- standing world event for two-year-olds, and Reigh Count.

Reigh Count, bought at the bargain price of $12,500 from Willis Sharpe Kilmer, won close to $200,000. Next year, his son and Anita Peabody's will make a début under the Hertz colors.

Another woman associated with the name of one of the world's greatest horses is Mrs. S. D. Riddle, who with her husband is part owner of the immortal Man o' War.

Mrs. Walter M. Jeffords, niece of Mrs. Riddle, is at her farm in Berlin, Maryland, almost every spring when her horses are being trained.

Mrs. Charles Minot Amory, former wife of the late Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, has an extensive stable and breeds most of her own horses in Maryland, racing under the nom de course of the Sagamore Stable.

Mrs. Graham Fair Vanderbilt, who raced under the name of Fair Stable, came on the turf as an owner in 1923, when she bought the first Sarazen for $35,000. This horse carried her silks to twenty-seven victories, including the International Match with the French champion Epinard at Latonia.

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THE LITERARY DIGEST

Hailing Vines as the World's "Supreme Tennis-Player"

HE two greatest tennis-players in the world faced each other across the net, poised and ready, lithe and alert.

''Hushed and expectant," the gallery of 15,000 looked on, The gathering at Forest Hills, Long Island, was probably the largest crowd that ever witnessed a tennis match in the United States.

On one side, Ellsworth Vines, Jr., the lanky, tanned, California youngster, who won't be twenty-one for a few days, bat- tling for his second United States na- tional singles title. He stood on the base-line, writes Fred Hawthorne in the New York Herald Tribune, ''measuring the height of the net and Cochet's posi- tion on the opposite court."

Henri Cochet, the compact little French- man, who succeeded Big Bill Tilden as king of the world's tennis-courts, ''awaited the blow, the ghost of a smile on his face."

Then it came, continues Mr. Hawthorne, 'a white ball that appeared to have been shot from a cannon. Cochet swung and missed cleanly. The ball bounded and flew into the stadium seats. Cochet's hopes flew with it, and Ellsworth Vines, Jr., was hailed as the world's supreme tennis- player."

He had defeated Cochet with surprizing ease in a three-set match by a score of 6--4, 6--4, 6--4.

Waen Vines won his first national title a year ago, some shook their heads and wondered if he'd be just another one-year champion. His early play this year, which fell short of his standard, caused still more head-shaking. But Vines has put an end to all that. In addition to his title of last year, glance over his achievements for 1932 as Allison Danzig lists them in the New York Times:

In addition to carrying off the champion- ship trophy, and thus becoming the first player to win the title two years running since Tilden scored his sixth successive vic- tory in 1925, Vines also captured the cham- pionship at Wimbledon; annexed the na- tional doubles with Keith Gledhill; gained the first victory scored over Cochet in Davis Cup singles play since the trophy left this country, and won the Newport singles, the only grass-court tournament in which he competed in the United States this season.

His double victory in the English and American championships marks him as the first American to accomplish this feat in more than a decade, Tilden being the last to win both crowns before him.

And now the hats belonging to the for- merly shaking heads are being tossed into the air in ecstasy.

"T have played against Tilden when Bill was at his best," said Cochet after his defeat, ''but I have never faced a ball hit so hard and so fast, from start to finish of a match, as I did to-day. Vines hits a ball harder than any man in the world."

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When Cochet confesses he is unable to cope with speed, he speaks volumes, adds Herbert S. Allen in the New York Evening Post, "for his success always has depended principally on his ability to deal with that very thing.'

The next item on young Mr. Vines's docket is matrimony, and then he will exe) with his bride on a tennis tour of Australia and near-by territory. The Wilmer Alli- sons, the John Van Ryns, and Keith Gled- hill will also be in the party.

Until the semifinal round, according to

Keystone-Underwood

_Another Cup for California's Court King

Vines, with the national trophy, poses for a picture with Louis Carruthers, President of the United States Lawn

Tennis Association.

Mr. Hawthorne's further account in The Herald Tribune:

Vines had comparatively easy sailing to his second championship. On successive days he defeated Charles R. Marks in three sets, Gabriel Lavine in four sets, Keith Gledhill and Lester Stoefen in three sets each, and then Clifford S. Sutter in five sets, after being two points from defeat on four oceasions. Cochet, likewise, did not have a close call until his match with Alli- son in the semifinals. He defeated Jake Hess and Manuel Alonso in straight sets, and John Van Ryn and Frank X. Shields in four each.

Is the finals Vines let loose his full power.

Not even ''the satisfaction of a set was allowed Cochet, nor was a lead of 4--2, such as he manufactured in the opening chapter, sufficient to exact any concession from his rampant young rival,' according to Mr. Danzig's Times story, which we pursue:

Then it was, at this point, that Vines shook off the same obsession for error- making that had almost cost him his semifinal match with Clifford Sutter, and let loose with an avalanche of wrathful strokes that had the crowd roaring in a frenzy of delight to the end of the contest.

The end came exactly one hour after

THE LITERARY DIGEST

Rufus Davis had called "play" from the umpire's chair.

The player who has ruled the courts from 1928 on, whose invincibility has kept the Davis Cup in France since he helped to wrest it from the United States, in 1927, and whose stature in tennis has been almost commensurate with Tilden's, so great has been the fear in which his delicately at- tuned game is held, has met his master in the serious-visaged young Californian armed with the hammer of Thor.

The defeat of the French master did not come as a startling surprize, for Vines had vanquished him in the Davis Cup challenge round, on sand courts, last July, and was figured to stand a better chance on the faster turf courts of Forest Hills.

But that the American cham- pion should win in three sets was more than probably any one in the great assemblage had bargained on.

I> the Battle of Waterloo was won by the Duke of Wel- lington on the playing-fields of Eton, the 1933 battle for the Davis Cup was won by Hlls- worth Vines on the playing- fields of Forest Hills."

Thus Mr. Allen, in The Eve- ning Post, predicts that this triumph of Vines heralds the return of the great interna- tional trophy to the land of its origin. Continuing:

That is the chief significance for American tennis fans of Vines's astoundingly decisive victory over Cochet.

Altho it was one of the greatest personal triumphs in the annals of the net game, it meant and will mean far more to the sports-lovers of this country than it possibly could to the Californian himself.

Cochet still was recognized as the Napo- leon of the courts, despite his defeat by Vines on the closing day of the struggle between France and the U.S. A. for inter- national supremacy, until that dramatic moment when a thunderbolt hurled by the same player dusted the lime off the French- man's service line for a clean ace and an equally clean conquest. As the ball sped past him while he smiled ruefully, the man who had been absolute monarch of the tennis world for five years must have realized he had met his Waterloo.

AS when it was all over, Cochet sailed back home to France with the state- ment that he will not again seek the United States title.

Reason? Cochet is slightly peeved with the U.S. L. T. A. As a Times reporter explains it:

Altho he praised highly the sportsman- ship of the American players, and said that he "'liked the American crowds,'"' Cochet was critical of the ''organization'"' of the national title tournament, referring specifi- cally to the necessity of having to finish the semifinal match with Wilmer Allison in the morning and then having to play the final with only a few hours' rest. He hinted that he would like to have had a full day's rest before the final.

37

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THEE LIT-ERARY® DIG ESF A Summer Seething With Politics

(Continued from page 11)

allow him to set up a sort of Fascist dicta- torship was denied, and the von Papen Government, with the backing of President Hindenburg, decided to carry on, despite its weakness in the new Reichstag, which was dissolved as soon as it convened in September.

In September President Ortiz Rubio of Mexico resigned and was succeeded on the fourth by Gen. Abelardo Rodriguez. During the summer there was a successful Socialist revolution in Chile and sporadic unsuccessful revolutionary movements in several other South American countries, while Bolivia and Paraguay edged closer and closer to war over the long-disputed Chaco territory.

Late in June a revolution in Siam con- verted the rule of our former visitor King Prajadhipok from an absolute to a con- stitutional monarchy.

Tension between Japan and China con- tinued as Japan directed military move- ments toward the province of Jehol, formerly part of inner Mongolia, but politically in Manchuria since 1929. Altho outside the previous Japanese sphere of influence, this province was at least nominally subject to the new Manchu- kuo Government set up last winter in Manchuria under Japanese protection.

Bor in spite of all the revolutions, dis- agreements, warlike moves, and economic unsettlements, the summer of 1932 was notable, too, for the important steps taken toward settlement of the world's most baffling international problems. The dis- armament conference at Geneva was in session when the summer opened. On June 22 President Hoover publicly pro- posed a general arms cut of one-third, with the total elimination of tanks, bombing planes, gas warfare, and big mobile guns. On July 23 the conference adjourned to January 21, 1933, after adopting a set of resolutions indicating agreement on a number of the basie principles of a disarma- ment program.

A reparations conference began its meet- ings at the Swiss city of Lausanne on June 15. On July 8 the world was astonished to learn that a definite end had been made of the reparations problem. It was announced that all future German payments would be lumped into a bond issue of $714,- 000,000. The following day the creditor Powers at Lausanne joined in what is called a ''gentlemen's agreement,' to the effect that the settlement was to be ratified by the creditor Powers, and rati- fication will not be expected ''until a satis- factory settlement has been reached be- tween them and their own creditors." This, of course, made it all hang upon the Allied debts to the United States, and the Washington Government was prompt to announce that its debt policy remains unchanged. However, Senator Borah has

} 93c2

SEPTEMBERS 245

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been carrying on a speech-making tour outlining his new policy of conditional debt-revision. And when the League of Nations later issued its call for an economic conference which was to exclude the consideration of war debts and repara- tions, the one-time arch-isolationist of Idaho declared that those were: just the subjects that ought to be discust.

The entire English-speaking world had a practical interest in the British Imperial Conference, which met at Ottawa, Canada, on July 21, and ended on August 20. At this conference a definite advance toward closer economic association within the British Commonwealth was made in the signing of twelve separate treaties. In general, these treaties make Great Britain a free market for the natural products of the Dominions, and the Dominions a pre- ferred market for British manufactures.

In July the United States and Canada agreed on a plan for the joint development of a new international St. Lawrence River seaway.

SEPTEMBER 24,

Here at home the Reconstruction Fi- nance Corporation got under way, making large loans to a number of States and rail- roads. The Interstate Commerce Com- mission tried to advance railway consolida- tion by putting its O. K. on the plan for voluntary consolidation of the Eastern roads into the four great systems.

Partly because of these developments, partly because of an upturn in the prices of many basic commodities, and very largely because a reaction was due from the very low levels of June and July, the New York stock market staged a bull movement which ran practically without interruption from late July to mid-September.

Unfavorable developments were the so- called ''strike'' of the farmers in Jowa and adjacent States, unrest among Illinois coal miners, and continuing unemployment.

Aviation kept on the front pages through Captain Mollison's westward flight across the Atlantic; the record- breaking flight of Mattern and Griffin from Harbor Grace to Berlin; and the breaking of a number of speed records in this coun- try. Professor Piccard went up ten miles into the stratosphere in his balloon.

In sports it was a summer of American triumphs. The United States was far ahead at the end of the Olympic games at Los Angeles, which were featured by the triumph of the great University of Cali- fornia eight-oar crew and the breaking of many records. In golf the American team kept the Walker Cup, and our Gene Sarazen took both the American and British open championships. France retained the Davis Cup in tennis by a narrow margin, but Ellsworth Vines and Helen Wills each triumphed at Wimbledon, while Vines, in winning the American singles champion- ship at Forest Hills, decisively defeated Henri Cochet and established himself as the world's premier player.

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THE kIT ERAR YY DEG ES: Here's Light for "Digest" Poll Fans on the Electoral College

ROPHETS of election results from

Tue Lirgrary Dieest's poll returns, as they accumulate from week to week, may find the Electoral College as full of fascinating mystery as a chess problem.

This business of election prophesying is a game that Americans go wild over every fourth year.

It grips the country with the sudden- ness of ping-pong, and rages from Sep- tember to November.

Figuring on election '"'is fairly to be rated the favorite indoor sport of the American people from now until the re- turns are in after the 8th of next No- vember," says a writer in the Philadelphia Bulletin.

The Bulletin writer gives us some timely information on the Electoral College. It may prove welcome to poll fans who pine for the simplicity of the last two DicEst polls on Prohibition, in which the Electoral College did not have to be considered.

Calculations '"'by processes of multipli- cation and division, averaging and project- ing,' were deemed premature by the Bulletin contributor at the time of writing, but '"'playing with the figures of the Elec- toral College'? was pronounced a good pastime. Moreover:

Even the study of the apportionment of the electors constituting the college is a help to the clearer understanding of the situation as the campaign progresses.

Under the Congressional Reapportion- ment Act, there are 531 votes in the Elec- toral College allotted to the several States as follows:

Nevada. aici utreres 3

Alabama.........; 11

J NV Ay omininigicce o.a.05 3 New Hampshire.... 4 IATEONSAS mite teiekel es 9 New Jersey........ 16 California faa.ckate 22 New Mexico....... 3 Colorado 1.5% ws. <a 6 T New-York -955..... AT Connecticut....... 8 North Carolina..... 13 Delaware: =. 22s csc 3 North Dakota...... 4 PLOVIGS on. cetesene ee CRO DIO =. aah eo eee ae 26 GieOrgian «chine 124 Oklahomarcn a. oe 11 MABHO) 020; vs eversteetene A } Oregon) &..<2.4..088.) © D NINOS 5s e¥oys dssketotstane 29 Pennsylvania...... 36 MndianaicsW.. site chants 14 Rhodelsland...... 4 TOwar so... aes 11 South Carolina..... 8 Jansasieecsn.. seehoe 9 South Dakota...... 4 Kentucky... .c oct Lie STennessee:. oct 11 TLOUISIAN Qe eee LO" BR OXas snr screens 23 Maine. suse cee 5 Utahns 4 Mianylandinwes anne Se MASaviey cas Sook od. 3 Massachusetts... .. 17 Virginia; Ame . See 11 Michigan)... eee LOM Washington os. se 8 Minnesota........ i WestVirginia ss.) 9 8 Mississippi seeisae SSA iSCOnsinin se. see 12 IVEISSOUTI fe. See oe 15 Wyoming...... 3 MNontandnnn 5 ee 4 -- Nebraska......... vs Motal? 4 #.: ese 531

A majority of the Electoral College, necessary for election, will require 266 votes. The present puzzle is to select the group of States totaling 266 or more votes which will determine the occupancy of the White House for the four years following the fourth of March next.

Tis new apportionment of the votes in the Electoral College, set forth in the above table, differs somewhat from that in effect in 1928 because of the Congressional reap-

portionment, we are told. In particular:

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The greatest accession of strength in any one group comes to the Pacific coast, California having gained nine Congres- sional seats, and thus an equal number of electoral votes, and Washington State one, making a gain of ten for this group.

In the Border States, Missouri has lost three votes, Kentucky two, and Tennessee its old strength.

Every State in the northern grain group shows a loss, and all but one in the Southern, the net loss, for the eight States being seven. Wisconsin, Minnesota, the two Dakotas, Kansas, and Nebraska each lost one vote, and Iowa two. Oklahoma gained one.

In the Central group Michigan gained four votes and Ohio two, while Indiana lost one.

In New England, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island each lose a vote, while Connecticut gains one.

Pennsylvania loses two votes and New York and New Jersey each gain two.

In the South, Texas gains three votes, and North Carolina and Florida each gain one. Georgia loses two votes, and Virginia, South Carolina, Alabama, and Mississippi one each, a net loss of one for the Solid South.

The purpose of the present writing is not to offer any advice to the puzzle solvers as to the selection of this group of delega- tions to the Electoral College. But, con- sidering it as something after the order of a cut-up puzzle, there are some preliminary dissections of the College that may be sug- gested as a convenient aid at the start, keeping in mind the fact that no one of these sections is to be regarded as politi- cally solid and that it is not unlikely that there will be need of further dissection before the ultimate regrouping can be made.

But merely for the sake of convenience, as a beginning in preparation for the puz- zling task, these sectional groupings may be considered.

Six New England States, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, have together 41 electoral votes.

Four Middle Atlantic States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware constitute a block of 102 votes in the College.

Five Central States, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois, are ac- credited 96 votes.

Split the next section of the country westerly in half; and the northern half, inclusive of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the two Dakotas, has 31 votes, and the southern half, comprising Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma, has 38 apportioned to it.

Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri may be classed as border States, with 45 electoral votes.

There are ten States classifiable as the Solid South, Virginia, the two Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, and Arkansas, and they constitute a bloe seldom broken, the 1928 election being an extraordinary exception, with 113 votes. :

For convenience' sake Montana, Idaho, Nevada, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Ari- zona, and New Mexico may be grouped together, altho there is no politial integ- rity in that group and any worker at the puzzle will have to make further cuts. And there are 30 votes in this group, each of the States having small population and consequent apportionment.

And this leaves the Pacific States of

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TH E<LkTERARY? DEG EST

Washington, Oregon, and California with an aggregate of 35 votes.

'Tine puzzler will not fail to notice, we

are reminded, that there are certain of

these sections which, if they could be held

solidly, would constitute the necessary

majority. block. For instance:

If the New England block could be ear- ried solidly for the Republican ticket and to it were to be added the four Middle Atlantic States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, and to these four Central States, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, and Michigan, with Iowa and Kansas in the Farm Belt, and the Pacific group were to fall in line solidly with its 35 votes, there would be a total of 265 votes, or one short of a majority, and Utah's four votes, which are counted as reasonably certain for the Republican ticket, would assure the return of President Hoover and Vice-President Curtis to the National Capital for another four years' term.

This is not to say that such sectional solidarity will eventuate, or to make a prediction of any sort. But it is a grouping that would not be extraordinary, as a minimum of Republican strength, and particularly if the campaign should de- velop along economical lines and force the issue between the typical conservatism of the East and the tendency toward radicalism of the West.

1 foregoing conjecture, thinks the Bulletin writer, '"'is at least an interesting and helpful first step for the puzzle worker, who may apply his own judgment as to the possible further dissection of one or several of these groups, and their ultimate reassembling. It will afford a clearer appreciation of the importance of certain battle-grounds and the general strategy of the campaign as it shall develop." And, on the other hand:

The capture of New York by the Demo- cratic candidate, who has appeared to be making his chief appeal to the West, will be seen as of crucial importance, with its 47 electoral votes, which would require a considerable group of States in any other section of the country to balance it, altho the 29 votes of Illinois, if it shall be carried by the Republicans, in line with its nearly consistent record in the past, would go a long way toward that objective. Even Massachusetts, with its 17 votes would be

a prime achievement for the Democratic .

ticket, and, if the Prohibition issue were to be considered the determining factor, there might be a fair assumption of the possibility that Rhode Island and Connecti- eut would go along with the Bay State.

The present indications are, however, that the Prohibition issue will be a con- tinually waning consideration in this cam- paign and that the election will be deter- mined along the lines of economic differ- ences, in theory or sentiment, or even prejudice. :

Assumption that the South will regain its solidarity this year seems a natural chance with which to begin, as does the assumption that the Pacific States will be a Republican integer, altho Washington may kick over the traces and every State is subject to "'claim"' at the present time. The division of the Grain Belt which places Iowa and Kansas in the Republican eol- umn as a minimum allotment, without con- sideration of the party chances in any of

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the other States of the big farm area, is as reasonable, and by the same token Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, and Michigan are included in a single Republican grouping in this initial preparation of the puzzle.

Tun normal Republican vote in the United States is some millions in excess of the Democratic poll, remarks this

- Philadelphia student of affairs, adding:

A tidal wave sweeping the country, or its near equivalent in some of the big States, will be necessary for Democratic victory, and if there is to be such a political phenomenon this initial block of States will be badly broken.

New York State with its big block of 47 electoral votes is in the No Man's Land of this Presidential campaign, writes Orville Welsh in the New York Daily News, and he continues:

Both parties are making the most in- tensive drive of many years in the New York sector. The Democratic Prohibition repeal and immediate modification plank was aimed frankly to earry the Hast. So was the resubmission plank in the Republi- ean platform and the further wet stand taken by President Hoover in his accep- tance speech.

For while it is possible--tho not prob- able--for the Democrats to win without New York, it is next to impossible for the Republicans to do so. The reason for this is that the Democrats start with a sub- stantial advantage in the South.

Political events since 1928 have shown that the South is not as dry-voting as its politicians thought. Florida went wet this year in all its Congressional primaries.

North Carolina voted out the bone-dry Senator Cameron Morrison for the wet Robert Reynolds. Texas plumped for re- peal in a referendum. The Democratic State convention in Virginia declared for resubmission, and the Tennessee and South Carolina delegations ' at Chicago voted for the straight repeal plank.

Aside from the depression issue, this condition gives Roosevelt a tremendous advantage over Smith four years ago in safe electoral votes. All the States normally Democratic prior to 1920 are reasonably certain to be in the Roosevelt column this year. In most of these States Democratic registration has shown a phenomenal in- crease.

Roosevelt thus starts with the 146} elec- toral votes of thirteen Southern States.

Alabama, 11; Arkansas, 9; Florida, 7; Georgia, 12; Kentucky, 11; Louisiana, 10; Mississippi, 9; North Carolina, 13; Okla-

homa, il; South Carolina, 8; Tennessee, -

11; Texas, 23; Virginia, 11. Total, 146.

In addition, there are three States in which due to local conditions Roosevelt is conceded to have an advantage. This group has twenty-one electoral votes.

Arizona, 3; Missouri, 16; New Mexico, 3.

The electoral vote of these sixteen Demo- eratic States adds up to 167, and leaves the New York Governor only 99 short of the 266 which is the requisite majority.

The interesting article on 'The Caribou's Last Stand,'' by Edwin C. Torrey, in our issue of September 3, was mistakenly credited to the New York Journal instead of to the Minneapolis Journal, where it originally appeared. Mr. Torrey is the farm editor of our excellent Minneapolis

contemporary.

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THE WORLD BOOK ENCYCLOPEDIA

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55 FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT' NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN 36 AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP. OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR 3. JUN JUL AUG 1929 193

193

"Life Lines' of the Nation Show an Upward Turn After a Long Decline

Chances for a Business Revival This Fall

HAT ARE THE PROSPECTS for a fall revival of business?

Will this autumn witness the definite cracking of the depression that has curst the country for three years? Or are we to be disappointed again, as in 1931 and 1930?

Evidence of the hope for a fall revival is found not only in the Stock Exchange where security prices staged their big rally, writes Charles Merz in the New York Times, canvassing the possibilities of an upturn, but--

It is implicit in the care with which financial news is combed for favorable symptoms, in the attention given to reports of even the most modest factories reopened after months of idle- ness, in the half-skeptical, half-believing attitude of the man who asks his butcher or his baker or his neighbor on the 8:18 whether business shows an upturn.

To-day hope rises from a lower point than in either 1931 or 1930, says Mr. Merz, pointing out that every factor composing the Times business index has fallen during the past twelve months. ''Freight-car loadings, one of the most reliable barome- ters of business, are down more than a fourth from the low figure for last year; automobile production, more than a third; steel activity, more than half." Furthermore, employment and pay- rolls failed in July to ''share in the forward movement which characterized stock-market prices."' Nevertheless--

Despite these dour figures, testifying to the low state of business, new factors have appeared which are now cited as promising better things and a tardy realization, after two disap- pointments, of the long-deferred fall upturn.

Chief among these factors are:

1. The seasonal influences which normally tend to increase activity at this time in certain major industries.

2. The abrupt turn recently witnessed in the course of com- modity prices.

3. The need of replacing depleted stocks of manufactured goods.

4. The end of a historic chapter in the movement of gold, accompanied by clear evidence that a new chapter is beginning; and

5. The belief that conditions abroad are improving, and that Kurope may resume the role it played in earlier depressions by leading the way to recovery.

While other considerations play a part, it is principally on these major premises that hope of a fall recovery rests.

44

Proceeding to a more detailed examination of seasonal influ- ences, Mr. Merz tells us that two of the factors used in determining the Times index of business--automobile production and steel-mill activity--''tend more or less regularly toward lower levels in the fall."

'Bor "the other three factors entering into the index follow a different curve, definitely pointed toward a fall upturn.'' These are freight-car loadings, which ''almost invariably reach their peak in the autumn months, as farm crops are shipped to seaboard ports for export, and coal is loaded for its winter markets''; electric-power production, and the output of cotton cloth.

However, ''whether basic conditions have improved suffi- ciently to permit seasonal influences to reassert themselves in 1932 is necessarily a question for the future."

But '"'a more important factor,'' Mr. Merz adds, is "' the second premise on which hopes for a fall revival rest--the recent change in the course of commodity prices."

The first important upward turn in prices during the whole period since midsummer of 1929 came two months ago, in July, when the average value: of 784 commodities included in the Labor Bureau's index advanced to 64.5, compared with 63.9

in J une. This advance has continued during August. Most of the major groups of commodities have shared in it.

Summing up the factor of commodity prices, Mr. Merz says that "during the last twelve months, and particularly during the last six, prices have turned in the direction of stability."

Ceetaee next to deferred buying, we read that '"'the third factor in present hopes of a fall revival is the belief that stocks of manufactured goods have reached so low a point that even a

small recovery of purchasing power would release new buying orders." And--

Replacement demand has been increasing, whether the re- placement needed is new machinery for the steel trade, cotton cloth for the textile industry, locomotives for the railways, or a substitute for the rheumatic motor-car of 1924 still traveling the highways. Meantime, available supplies of manufactured goods have been declining.

While in many cases a resumption of buying is dependent upon recovery of purchasing power, it is a significant fact that stocks of manufactured goods have been declining simultaneously

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SEPTEMBER 24, 1.932

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with an increase in potential markets for replacements.

Alcan discussing the recent reversal of the outward flow of gold '"'which shook public confidence on two occasions since August, 1931, when the country last looked forward to a fall upturn," Mr. Merz turns to the fifth factor enumerated.

"There has been a revival of confidence regarding Europe," he writes. A year ago the troubles of Germany and England "were most evident." To-day, ''so far as Germany is concerned, the outstanding fact is the end of reparations," and "'the second significant development of recent weeks has been the successful conversion by England of the largest single obligation in the British public debt, or in the public debt of any other Government."

Of course, Mr. Merz admits, "'Hurope still faces many formidable problems." Then summing up the situation at home--

We face the fact that at least eight million men are unemployed. We know that purchasing power has declined with pay-rolls, that part-time work is general, that industrial production is at an exceed- ingly low ebb.

American export trade is at the lowest level it has touched since 1908. There is as yet little realization of the close connec- tion between domestic tariffs, foreign markets, and repayment of investments.

Nevertheless, it is evident that en- couraging factors have appeared which were not present at this season of last year. Whether these factors will combine to bring about the long-awaited fall recovery is a question for the fall to answer.

'Busmess conditions generally were con- tinuing to show improvement in the first part of September, according to Atlee Pomerene, chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. The Corporation is convinced, he said, that financial and industrial conditions "are constantly im- proving, and tho at times they will be fluctuating, the trend is decidedly upward."

"The conservative student of business statistics will not draw too hasty or too sweeping conclusions from the improve- ment in trade, industry, and banking," writes Edward H. Collins, financial editor of the New York Herald Tribune:

He will wish first to be convinced that it is real, and not merely the shadow of which the recent speculative wave has been the substance.

He will probably prefer not to risk too sweeping an appraisal of its significance, moreover, until it has been seen how busi- ness withstands the uncertainties of an election campaign and the apprehensions that will inevitably accompany a recon- vening of Congress three months hence.

If it holds even part of its modest gains through the end of the year, with the lat- ter's normal seasonal dulness, then he may well look forward with confidence to a positive and sustained advance in the spring.

Meanwhile, for the first time in many months, he is in the position of asking, not, are we going to get any recovery? but, how how far can the recovery be expected to carry?

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SiEvae More Re 2t4 = <1 9:3°2 Razing Buildings to Save Taxes

ULLING down non-paying buildings to save taxes 1s cutting municipal reve- nues in all parts of the country.

Already bedeviled by the gap between income and outgo, the cities now find their problem made more difficult by this action of hard-prest property-owners.

"So serious has it become in some cen- ters," writes Bradley W. Trent of the Con- solidated Press Association, ''that steps are now being taken to halt it by the hold- ing up of demolition permits" --

Another method of checking this wave of building destruction has been to refuse a curb permit--that is, a license for motor- ears to cross the sidewalk--and thus pre- vent the owner from converting his vacant lot into rented space for automobile parking.

Neither method, however, has accom- plished much. :

The Citizens' Budget Committee of New York City points out that if a building is not paying its way, and the owner is not able to pay taxes on it, the only alterna- tive to wrecking is bankruptcy and the loss of the property. Many owners have made no attempts to get income from their vacant land. The site of the old Hotel Belmont--right in the center of New York's congested Grand Central district--is fenced in. The land occupied formerly by the Union League Club at Thirty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue is surrounded by a high fence. The site of the old Garrick Theater has been enclosed.

Iw some States, Mr. Trent tells us, municipalities may hold up demolition per- mits, but not New York City. Nor can the metropolis insist upon new construction when issuing such a permit, however much it may dislike to lose revenue.

Giving us an idea of how serious this loss is, Mr. Trent says that many of the 231 demolitions in Manhattan in 1931 and virtually all of the eighty-six so far this year ''were not carried out for the purpose of erecting new buildings, but because the structures were old and could not be rented in a deprest market. Razing them saved taxes, insurance, and worry over possible accidents and fire. Every one knows what complicated messes vacant buildings can

get into." Continuing:

The efforts of the city authorities in New York and in other cities, especially Phila- delphia and Chicago, where conditions are almost as bad as in Manhattan, have been directed toward getting rid of unsightly buildings, old tenements, and other eye- sores, and in this respect the depression has heiped enormously.

For the simple reason that unrestricted issuance of curb permits would immediately result in the razing of hundreds of build- ings, these have been held up, while every encouragement has been given to any one

who wishes to construct a new building.

The civic committees insist, however, that the only cure for the demolition fever is lower taxes. This would not only dis- courage the wrecking of buildings that still have a span of years of usefulness ahead but it would go a long way toward helping along construction plans on plots already vacant.

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THE SPICE OF LIFE

Call for Progress.--Lirrte JOAN-- 'What do the angels do in heaven, mum- my?"

Moruper--'' They sing and play harps."

Lirrte Joan--''Haven't they any radios?''--Boston Transcript. Breaking It Gently.--''Mrs. Upton's

pet dog has been run over; she'll be heart-. broken." "Don't tell her abruptly." "No, I'll begin by saying husband." --Sydney Bulletin.

it's her

Economy at Any Cost.--Smita--' My wife sure is thrifty. She made me anecktie out of an old dress of hers."

JonrEs--'That's nothing. My wife made her a dress out of one of my ties." --Capper's Weekly.

Hand Him the Moon--'' What is a debtor, pa?"' ;

'""A man who owes money."

'And what is a creditor?"

"The man who thinks he's go- ing to get it."-- Nebelspalter.

Try Them With a Mouse. -- Cut Lines in Buffalo newspaper: Girl Flies in Russia We've never been able to tell whether the flies we have here are girls or boys.--Buffalo Evening News.

How to Torture Your Hus- band.--''I'm happy and all that, of course, old chap; still I wish my wife wouldn't talk so much about her last husband."

(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE)

Give the Devil His Due.--A Scottish landowner was complaining of the weather to a tenant.

''Aye," said the tenant, ''ye're richt. Only three fine days this month; an' two o' them snappit up by the Sawbath."'-- Christian Register.

Had to Own Up.--A cinema actor, suing for a breach of contract, described himself as the greatest actor in the world.

One of his friends took him to task for so loudly singing his own praises.

"T know," replied the actor, 'it must

have sounded somewhat conceited, but, re- member, I was on oath."--Toronto Globe.

Slips That Pass in the Night

Better Make It a Radio.--Room with twins available at Three Palms.--T7ampa Tribune.

But No One Moins.-- U. S. CONGRESS ADJOINS

-- Manchester Guardian.

The Sheep on the Right Hand.--

: Among other Ohioans registered at»Cedar

Point decently were the following.--Cin- cinnatt Enquirer.

Welcome Home, Doctor!--Dr. H. M. Ellis, who has been teaching at Harvard this summer, has re- turned to America.-- Bangor (Me.)

paper.

Ground Flying?--He attended | La Salle College to prepare for a business career, and later com-~ pleted a low course at New York University.--Philadelphia Record.

Missed a Few in Our Town.-- A survey taken by the University of Chicago shows that there are 100 females to every 98 miles in urban centers.--Newburgh (N. Y.) News.

What the Olympics Missed.-- In the afternoon they went out on the river in a rowboat to catch some erabs, which they anchored and used in diving into the river. --Delaware paper.

Alas!-- INTERLOCUTORY DECREE An interlocutory decree of di-

"Forget it! Mine's always vorce has been granted in superior talking about her next."'--Boston court to Mabel Flowers from Ira Transcript. "'And after you've pitched the tent, Cecil, we'll go down for Flowers.

a swim--you simply must get more practise at the 'crawl.' "' Funeral flowers. Hinz, florist.

The Making of a Wife.--The --''The Humorist'? (London) . a

timid girl who before marriage blushes and hesitates about ac- cepting even a bunch of flowers or a box of candy from '"'him"' will after marriage grab his pay envelop before he gets in the front door.--Florida Times-Union.

Learning the Worst. --Nrw Mann: '' How do I announce dinner? Do I say 'Dinner is ready' or 'Dinner is served'?"'

Misrress--'' If it is like it was yesterday, just say 'Dinner is burnt.'''--Gazzeltino Tllustrato (Venice).

Brothers Under the Skin. -- 'T wixt a jailer and a jeweler The difference is, says Wells, That one of them sells watches And the other watches cells. -- Boston Transcript.

Out of Luck.--A teacher kad told her class of youngsters that Milton, the poet, was blind. The next day she asked if any of them could remember what Milton's great affliction was. ''Yes'm,'' replied one little fellow; ''he was a poet.''--Joke- smith.

48

Maybe Blushes at His Poetry.-- Why I embarrass it I can't Explain, the driver said-- Yet every time it sees me coming that Darn traffic light turns red! --Cincinnati Enquirer.

Ashes of Victory.--With bowed shoul- ders Homer Smith entered his house. His dragging feet scuffed their way through the front hall and into the kitchen where his wife was preparing the evening meal.

The smile faded from Mrs. Smith's face as she noted the wobegone appearance of her better half.

""Homer!"' she eried.

Slumping into a chair, Homer Smith stared straight ahead with dead eyes.

"Tell me, darling,' pleaded his wife.

She came over to Homer and lifted his chin in her hand. Homer Smith moistened his lips with his tongue.

"The worst," he said dismally, ''has happened."

"No!" cried Mrs. Smith aghast.

"Yes," said Homer. 'This afternoon just before quitting time the boss called me in and gave me the business.'"--Judge.

--Tacoma News Tribune.

Transportation's Greatest Victory.-- Fully 2,000 persons were present, brought to the scene in half a hundred automobiles. --Baltimore Evening Sun.

Caviar to the General. -- THESE DISHES ARE UNUSUAL! Try these recipes as examples of '"'exotie'' cookery: qpra b4Dgj Pw.ifKe gennes (Vt.) paper.

ff fiffkeff.--Ver-

Out Where Men Are Men.--Colorado Springs.--Pete Kercher of Federal, Wy- oming, broke the world's record for bull- dogging steers when he flopped his animal here in a fraction less than seventeen sections.--Cleveland Plain Dealer.

Smell Any Smoke? -- DON HURST'S HEAD, HIT BY FIREBALL, NOW ASHES Hit on the head by one of Glenn Spen- cer's fireballs, Don Hurst, star first-base- man of the Phillies, complained only of a severe headache.--Philadelphia dispatch in the Knoxville Journal. .

MELLowep A HUNDRED MILLION

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