Minor Party Efforts Seen as Vain Coughlin Defeat Warns Isolated Groups to Change Tactics. RY DAVID LAWRENCE. Father couohlin'8 retire ment means more than the farewell of a prominent radio speaker or leader of mass opinion from the field of active poli ties--it means the end also of iso lated and fragmentary group move ments that seek side of the two major parties. If there is one thing that the last election proved conclu sively. it is that the two major parties have too big a hold on the American people to be disturbed from the outside, and that the one David l.awrvnre. capture the party machinery is "to bore from within." The old saying in politics that "il you can't beat 'em, Jine 'em" has beer given greater momentum by the last elertion than by any other circum stance In the last quarter of a -cen tury of American politics. The minor parties henceforth are likely to become almost negligible in importance. The Socialist party's to tal vote this year, when it is finally tallied, will be found to be relatively small, as will also the Communist m total. Persons in sympathy with the Socialist point of view, for Instance, probably joined the Roosevelt move ment in large numbers rather than waste their votes, labor Concentrates Vote. Organized minorities, too, have a lesson to learn from the election re turns. The American Federation of Labor hitherto has been •'neutral" or ••non-partisan." Ijast week Its local membership* through alliances with the New Deal and Federal political machines, did not divide the labor vote between the two parties, but marshaled from 80 to 90 per cent on the Roosevelt side. As for organizations like the Ameri can Liberty League, they will find the field of political opportunity more and more limited and that the same amount of time and energy and money put into political party organization between campaigns will avail those who believe in the viewpoint of one party or the other more than will the independent operation of groups. The extent to which group voting took place last week la being gradu ally disclosed by the reports from dif ferent States. Group voting alone explains the failure of even the po litical managers themselves to realize the number of allies which the Roose velt administration had mobilized. Massachusetts Case in Point. A case in point is Massachusetts. John Ban try. writing this week for the Boston Globe, comments thus on the election and on group voting: "Most persons outside the active political circles probably find it diffi cult to understand why the straw votes, the political prognosticators in the newspapers and political leadera could have been so far wrong in the Roosevelt vote here. "Aside from the fantastic Literary Digest poll, with its three-to-one Lan don total here, all the 'scientific test' polls showed Landon by a safe ma jority in Massachusetts. Every out side political observer who came here reported Landon sentiment predomi nant. "The confidential estimates submit ted to Chairman Parley showed Lan don. Many of the Democratic leaders here felt Roosevelt would lose Mas sachusetts. Senator Walsh, who ought to know as much about Massachusetts politics as any many in the State, de clared in a public statement that Roosevelt could not win here If iLemke polled 100.000 votes. A sur vey by the Boston i Post (Demo era tic I pointed to Landon by a nar "row margin. Previous Methods Fail. "The explanation is that the straw votes and the surveys were taken in ♦he usual manner--by selecting a cross section of the public for polling. This has invariably worked out fairly well. But it didn t work out with the JRoosfvelt vote because of the failure to take into consideration the over whelming group vote. "We have never had much group Voting in Massachusetts. It has never before been possible to hold the labor vote en bloc. The so-called Jewish *vore has invariably been apllt between the parties. So has the Italian vote and the French vote. The colored vote has been heavily Republican. Also we had the W. P. A. vote and the relief vote, all cast solidly for Roose velt The same story is being told In other States. Group voting inside the parties has taken the place of affiliation with 'the minor parties. Strangely enough, of all the Demo cratic State leaders with whom I talked during the campaign, only one ---Frank McHale of Indiana--sensed the possible gains to the New Deal from the minority pgrties. He kept emphasizing it in my talk with him, but even hia estimate of the Roose velt majority in Indiana--about 100, 000 to 150,000--fell abort of the actu al result--a 334,000 Roosevelt ma jority. Even Insider* Were Low. The groups were, of course, culti gated by Democratic national head quarters, which never before had such an array of subdivisions giving atten tion to them, but even the estimate* of the insiders in the New Deal hign command were low as to popular ma jority almost everywhere. Emil Hurja, statistical expert for Farley, placed the Roosevelt margin at 3,000,000, and Farley himself, in my last talk with him, was inclined to believe that the Roosevelt majority on popular vote might even be leas than in 1933, though the electoral vote would be greater. Why are these various groups so |l*rd to poll In advance? k Evidently the party workers did tint know in advance how successful their argument was that a vote for Jjemke was a vote for London. Like wise the generosity of the New Deal in handling relief waa a piece of in formation that was communicated by word of mouth in the poorer sections of American cities much more effec tively than by the radio or the po litical speakers. C-oaghlin May Come Back. leaders of various groups and blocs' have discovered that to move in on the Democratic party means poten tia^political power, whereas continued affiliation with the minor party groups means isolation. Father Coughlin, it is said, may some day return to politics. If so, he will doubtless take as his cue the experience he had in Michigan, where his candidate this year almost won the Democratic nom ination for United States Senator. Western Progressives captured the machinery and label of the Republi can party through the direct primary system. The new groups, like labor and the Negro voters, will probably develop similar strength In future primaries of the Democratic party. It is the logical form of approach for group* which seek political power, whether they be representative of conservative or the radical trends In the electorate, and nothing confirms this point of view more than the ab sorption of the minority party vote in the last election bv the regular party organisations throughout the country. (Copyright. 1P3S.) m SCHOOL SUSPENDS 12 FOR REFUSING "LICKS" Texas Students Refuse to Submit i to Punishment by Principal. By the Associated Press. NACOGDOCHBS. Tex.. November 10.--Twelve high school students who refused to take "three licka" from a hickory stick for attending a foot ball game were auspended until Thursday by Principal C. K. Chamberlain yes terday. Chamberlain said the boys, members I of the school team, attended a college foot ball game Friday against his will. They appeared for classes this morning with written excuses from their par ents. but Chamberlain rejected the notes. He said the suspension would be lifted if the boys would consent to the "three licks" or "stay in" Saturday morning three hours. They refuted.
Ton'll never know bow quickly and easily yon eua overcome coughs due to colds, until you try this famous recipe. It gives you four times as much cough medicine for your money, and youMl find it the finest thing you ever tried, j for real relief. Make a syrup by stirring 2 cup* of granulated sugar and one cup of water a few moments, until dissolved. No cooking needed--It's no trouble at aD. Then put 2% ounces of Pinex (obtain ed from any druggist) into a pint bot tle. Add your syrup and you have a full pint of medicine that will amass you by its quick action. It never spoils, lasts a family a long time, and tastea fine children iove it. This simple mixture takes right hold of severe eough. For real results, you've never seen its equal. It loosens the phlegm, soothes the inflamed mem branes, and quickly eases soreness and difficult breathing. Pinex is a compound of Norway Pine, in concentrated form, famous for prompt action in roughs and bronchial irritations. Money refunded if it doesn't pleast you in evary way. I I __ I or Coughs WINNERS IN ELECTION, HORSES BACK ON JOB Milwaukee's Police Mounts Re turned to Work by Referendum. B* the Associated Frew. MILWAUKEE. November 10--Vic tors In an election campaign in which they made no public appearances, Mil waukee'* six police horses pranced along downtown streets again yester day. The mounts had a few weeks' va cation after Police Chief Joseph T. Kluchesky removed them from serv ice shortly after succeeding Chief J. G. Laubenheimer, who died last August. The common council ordered a referendum to decide whether the citiaenry wanted the horse partol. Last Tuesday Milwaukee voted 120,914 to 92,147 in favor of restoring the mounttes. While Laubenheimer had insisted for years that the horses added to police efficiency. Socialists termed them "eossacka.'* News Behind the News Expansion of Pan-American Conference Into World Wide Peace Move Seen. BT PAUL MALLON. RESIDENT ROOSEVELT is going to play only two things heavily lor the next two montha--fishing and foreign affairs. This will give hotter domestic issues time to cool of). The next developments concerning internal affairs are expected n the inaugural address, .January 20, unless the Supreme Court throws out the Wagner labor aet before that time. The impending Pan-American Conference U apparently to he a trial proving ground for future foreign policy. The way thinge thape up there will determine what world move* may thereafter be attempted. State Secretary Hull is supposed to be carrying to Buenos Aires in his brief esse the draft of a treaty which would pledge the nations of this hemisphere to the present neutrality program of this country. It would place an embargo on arms* to belligerents, seek to hold down trade with warring nations, outlaw undeclared wars, ana generally move along these cautious and safe neutrality lines. But while both the President and Mr. Hull will be talking such things directly to the Pan-American dele gates on December 1 they will actually be speaking td the world •t large, setting forth what Is to be the American anti-war pro* gram and inviting, indirectly at least. the co-operation of larger nations to the east and west. Advance work done on Mr. Roosevelt's opening speech to the con ference is said to indicate it will be along the same line as his international i radio broadcast of Saturday, but very much stronger.
The suggestion of an international conference of world leaders is now entirely out of the question. Mr. Roosevelt had to drop the idea for practical reasons. It met no encouraging response from the dictators, Stalin and Mussolini, none of whom would care to leave his country. At the same time the substance of that presidential thought has not been dropped, and will very likely take a new form. Just as a hint, one eminent New Deni authority soys it would be entirely practical for the President to take the treaty which it expected to develop from the Pan-American conference and invite Messrs. Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini and the others, in a friendly little note, to subscribe to it. There is every reason to believe that some such unformed plan is behind the Pan-American Conference and the unusual method in which the President and Mr. Hull are promattng it. One thing which will grow out of the Pan-American meeting is a permanent organisation of the foreign Minister* of the American nations. It will be called a ''Consultative Committee" and provision will be made for it to meet at regular intervals in much the same spirit as the League of Nation*. There are good authorities here who foresee the prospect that all the nations of the world may also be invited to *ubscribe to this phase of the Pan-American meeting. The success of such a move would mean the creation of a new world peace machine, much more loosely organ I red than the League and founded upon much broader principle*. How effective it would be depends upon how the detail* are worked out, but it could not be lew effective than the League.
Every one connected with the New Deal seems to consider Mr. Roose velt's victory as a personal one for himself. T MAS OOOO LINfcS WMArS UNDtt rMf Mftnn? -u Among mow inun pprsonmiy vin dlcated 1* Prof. Tugwell, who hid his light under two or three bushels throughout the campaign. Tug well made no speeches, but, un observed by Republicans, he wrote signed editorials which appeared in small country papers, largely in the South. Some persons, as close to Mr. 9 offering even money that Tugwell will be back at Columbia University January 1, but no outsiders will believe them. One explanation behind the more lenient Lewis attitude toward peace with the A. T. of L. is the fact that his organisation of the steel industry has not been getting on at all well. The first pre-election excuse offered on the inside was that Mr. Roosevelt had told John Lewi* to hold back until after election That may or may not be true. Immediately after election, however, pay increases were granted to xteel worker*, thus making Mr. Lewi*' job much harder. There is still talk of a strike in April when certain contracts expire between steel operators who own coal mines and Mr. Lewis' 50,000 workers in their mines. That is Mr. Lewis' ace in the hole. tCopyrisht, IB.tS I .11 I I...,..III.1. .1--1.1 .1.1. I II. erHt opinions of the writers on this page are their own, nit necessarily The Star's. Such opinions are presented (rti The Star's effort to give all sides of questions of interest to readers, although such opinions may he contradictory among themselves and directly opposed to The Star's. 1 I. i i .I i .i k House Landslide Tempered With Solid South Considered Static, G. O. P. Had Higher Tide in 1920. BY MARK SUIXIVAlf* 1 SHALL seem to begin with another post-mortem of the election, of which, I suspect, the reader has had enough. But these figures about last week's election hare a bear ing which points toward something new, and not as yet much realised. In the Congress that meets next January the House, according to latest figures, arill be di- vlded m follow*: m Democrats, 334; m Republicans, *9; M Farmer-Labor, M etc., 13. Total, 436. Now the House 0 is an especially m accurate political barometer. It is m elected directly by the people; the President is elect- M ed Indirectly, by ej states. Ana me whole Mouse Is M.rk elected once every two years--the President every four years. The House is a more accurate Index than the Senate, for Senators are elected for alx years and only one thtrd of the Senate la elected each two year*. The present aupremacy of the Dem ocrats In the House is the more sig nificant because it la a new high in a six-year tide. Beginning in 1930, the Democrats elected a majority of the House--a very slight one. but a majority. And In each election since they have Increased their majority. The figures for the past four eongres- slonal elections of Democrats alone are: 1930, 219; 1932, 313; 1934. 322; 1936, 334. Static Element Eilat*. That le a tide. It has been running since 1930. It rose to a new high last week. That means it was still run ning last week. How soon it will change its direction Is something that only the future can tell. But if we consider last week's House election, standing alone, it la less im pressive, it is less an overwhelming victory for the Democrats than the figures suggest. The number of Dem- j ocrats elected to the House Is never a completely accurate index of the sen timent of the country as a whole. For within the total number of Demo crats elected here is always a static group, a group which never shifts, a group which is not moved by tides, a group which is always Democratic, no j matter how the country aa a whole feels. This static group is the solid South, the group of Democrats who come to the House from 11 Southern States. From those States practically never a Republican is elected to Congreas fexeepting a rire nne or two from Virginia and from Tennessee). The total Democratic members from the solid South Is 101--call It 100 to allow for the occasional, though rare, Re publican. Let us now subtract this 100 from the Democrats elected last week. The remainder Is 334. Let us now look at how last week's election ran in that part of the country, which is subject to normal political tides. The proportion becomes 334 Democrats to M Republicans Compared With 1»?S. By yet another test is the number of Democrats elected last week seen to be misleading. Compare the pres •ent election with the 1930 one. In the Republican landslide of that year. the Harding, anti-Wilson landslide, the figures for the House were: Re publicans, 300; Democrats, 133. If now we subtract the 100 of the solid South from the Donocrats, their remainder ia 33. In other words, thi Democratic landslide of last week was much leas than the Republican landslide of 1930. It was much less In the House, as I have shown, and it was less as respects the popular vote 'or presi dent. Last week the ntmocratie share of the total Democptic and Republican vote was about 60.2 per cent. In 1930 the Republican share of the total Democratic anti Repub lican vote was about 63.3 pel cent. Now, the figures here give) do not point toward anything new yith re spect to the solid South. Bit there is another thing that does. The solid South has an appointmeri with destiny more serious than a$r since the Civil War. Solidarity Under Preeaurt. For 70 years the South has Hen the solid South for mainly two Easons. It has voted solidly for the Demo crats, solidly against the Repitiicans because the Republican party avored Negro suffrage. The South felt,and by several incidents in history w*» justi fied in feeling, that the Repiplif-sn* might use their power in (Ingress to enact legislation which woud pro tect colored voters in their rfcht to vote In the South. The South prised, as a precious heritage, the rfcht to control Its elections. It has bftn one of the rights that made the wlhle of "Statea* rights" dear to the 8ouh, But something has now hapjened. In the recent election the Demurs tie party as a national organlzatlci ap nsslsH for mH liroBlv r#r#iv#4 th* votes of Negroea In the Nortl it seems inevitable that the Nr*hem colored people, their organization and leader*, will now ask the Demogatle national organisation for actlol by Congress which shall insure sutrage to the colored people in the fluth. And. in a broad wav, the Demofatic party is now In head-on oppoition to the whole theory of States' rthts. Vapor Beginning to Rise. What is beginning to slmme is illustrated by an editorial in the 4ew York Times. It is discussing a ug gestion that President* be electei by direct popular vote, Instead of by States: "At present the presidential Ac tion is under the control of the Sties. They define the qualifications of voters, fix the methods and time of registration, actually conduct the eic tion by theor own officials. Would tey be easily induced to surrender thse important functions? Would tlcy readily place themselves under a ui versal Federal law for presidental elections, with a host of Federal u perrisor* to take charge of the votiit? The Southern States would be almst sure to set up obstacles to the pin This would mean in the Roth a drive to permit Negroes to exeroe their right of suffrage. If they drl it in a Federal election, they wool be encouraged to demsnd it in Star and local election* i We, the People Battle of U. S. and Wall Street Predicted Over Foreign Investments in Country. BY JAY FRANKLIN. THERE is no immediate Ikellhood that Roosevelt will ask Congress for further legislation to amend the Federal Reserve act along the lines proposed in the first draft of the "Socles bill" of 1S3A. The New Dealers then proposed that the Reserve Board should be charged with the duty of maintaining "economic and social balance" through its central banking operations. Horrified, Senator Carter Glass of Virginia succeeded in striking out this provision. Now, it appears, the phrase was unnecessary, at least for the Reserve Board, headed by Marrlner Series, the young Utah banker whom Tugwell discovered in Salt Lake City and who is now the key man OA/veAualt'a rtrlvA frt ghlff. ehh. i~w trol of our central banking from Wall Street to Washington. For with the authority over the system which the board received through the legislation of IMS went power enough to use oentral banking policies for social and economic balance. The board dominates the Open Market Committee of the system. 4« kaa iha rftfht M nr 1oW#r Reserve requirement* tor member banks, it control* margin requirement* and has the all-important power to approve or veto the selection of the lovemora of the individual Reserve bank*. The MU goes with the hide and power* that would be meaningless, if the private banking crowd h*d succeeded in electing Landon. have become strong instruments for economic sovereignty in the control of a popular government.
As during the last few months, so for some time to come, the energies of the board will be devoted to handling the large, number of personnel and other adjustments resulting from the transfer of central banking to a politically responsible agency of the American people. This means continued political control of our banking system. As that control becomes effective it also means an increase of experience, skill and ivisdom on the part of the political authorities. The evils of central banking for private profit*, as under the recent rule of J. P. Morgan At Co., were demonstrated in the panic of 1929 and the disgraceful aftermath of deflation not only of dollar values, but also of human lives. At Its best, private control of basic credit produced a sense of re sponsible statesmanship among a few of its beneficiaries, but the power was too great to be safely entrusted to the men of the ledger and tne ticker and the list of "preferred customers." One of the major police operations which confront the Reserve Board 1* the queatlon of investments by foreigners in the United Ststes.
Experience has shown that the existence of these foreign holdings Is dangerous to the stability of our market* and our banks. Responsible statesmen at Washington would welcome a repatriation of the |7,000.000. 000 of long and short term foreign money now invested in this rountry Here, perhaps, will be the last grest battle between the Federal Govern ment and Wall Street, since the financial big shots whlrh fought Rooeevelt are generally those with foreign or international loysltle*. Oovemment statistics reveal how these foreign holdings have flurtii ated in the last generation: 1014--14.500.000,000. 1922--*2,300,000,000. 1929-- SO,*00,000,000. 1933--14,450.000,000. 1930-- SS,235.000.000 193* (November)--Upwards of S7.000.000.000.
Not only the sire of these funds, but the way in which they have uwu 11* vc oci vru w bunipu cat# our domestic problems. They were withdrawn alter the crash, thus deepening our depres sion ;*they are pouring In again on the Roosevelt recovery, thus tend ing to create an unmanageable boom. They are used lor speculative rather than constructive purposes and should either be "naturalised" or "deported" in the Interest of frnnnmir and .tnrial halanrp There is no anti-foreign aentiment involved in Washington s view of this problem. It is much the same problem which arises when a wealthy stranger cleans out the local boys at poker and then, on the plea that he must catch a train, declines to offer them their revenge Even George. N. Peek saw this point and. before he broke ivith Roosevelt, uat one of the'first men at Washington to indicate the dangers of these foreign investments. Since excess capital invest ment was one of the motor causes of the crash, it it contrary to sound policy to permit our capital valves to be distorted by the in rush of gambling funds from foreign lands. The Reserve Board would be willing to part with some of our buried gold at Port Knox In order to get rid of these unwelcome strangers In our financial markets. •Copyright. iP.se I Who's Who Behind the New Deal May Harmo nize Discord by Pro moting Jesse H. Jones. BY LEMUEL E. PARTON. A CERTAIN underground con duit. sometime*, but not al way* reliable, pipes the new* I that Jesse H. Jones will be moved to a high fiscal post in this administration, possibly the highest: that the 'middle way" money and credit policies of the '37 model New Deal will be ■iouiij iiuiuriu.ru and guided by the b i g genial Texan who runs the R. F C. It la understood that the admin istration hopes :o harmonize a lot of financial and industrial discord around the per son and teeh i nique of Mr. Jones. Leading been chivalrous h. jmi«. enough to note that It was Herbert Hoover who set up the R. F C., which operated with one-half of 1 per cent overhead while other New Deal mon ey-distributing agencies romped along with 10 to 15 per cent. At the end of the last fiscal year, the R. F. C. had loaned *6 1 IS,972.523, mainly to banks, railroads and insurance com panies. and had gathered in repay ments *4.128,440.0*6. Thu*. Mr. Jones makes the highest box-offlee score of the New Deal. In the old day* of eatch-as-eatch ean monev and banking, he ran a string of lumber industries, skyscrap ers and bank* up to around *100. 000,000. As head of the R. F. C.. he set up the old ground rules and a hungry railroad had to put up its last golden spike, or maybe the president's gold teeth, to get any money. Fur thermore, he scaled railroad manage ment salaries down to $80,000 and in surance salaries down to *17.500. Born in Tennessee, 60 years ago. he started his business career as a laborer in a Dallas, Tex., lumber yard at the age of 20. He was manager of the yard at 21 and manager of the lumber company at 24. Then he organized his own lumber company, which became the biggest in the Southwest. "Have a mnsention on me,'* he said to the Democrats in 1928, and that was how the Democrats hap pened to meet at Houston that year. Nothing like that in the R. F. C. Borrowers found Mr. Jones waa no Santa Claus. He is 6 feet 2 bulky in proportion, with abundant graving hair, tortoise shell spectacles and ruddy counte nance He became a Democrat in th« administration of Woodrow Wilson. (CoprrlStlt, is.ta.i Hoofer Best* Hoofer. IDS ANGELES <*>>.--Howard C. Swindell, a roofer, faced a burglary charge today. Police *aid he ran out of a fraternity house and wm caught bv Harold Smallwood, the University of Southern California's star quarter mi ler. 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