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It's poor economy to try to get along without sufficient food, rest, sun- shine, knowledge--in- deed, without any and every advantage you can enjoy. Men and women of ex- perience know that it's poor economy to ignore these facts. But Britannica owners and users know something else besides,--that it's poor along without the Britannica. The Britannica Can Be Your Education The new Britannica is an education for the man and woman who have not been able to go to high schoolor college, and who need to keep pace with what is going on about them; for the child who needs author- itative information at hand to help with his lessons; for the graduate of college who realizes the necessity of keeping informed. The new Britannica is a safe guide for the mother and the father in the home in the practical affairs of good housekeeping. 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We do not know how long it will be possible to sell the Britannica at the SEND TODAY FOR FREE BOOKLET--MAIL THE COUPON NOW P ENCYCLOPAEDIA 6B So EvR BE = ADDRESS: <5 e:s sie: s a) clute, oi ols ' 2 - "7 ee ae ee ' Bieey Vib ERS e192 4 180 Bolivia and Paraguay. And in them may be read some indica- tion of peace prospects, or the contrary. Naturally, the Bolivian press is so engrossed in the kaleido- scopic changes of cabinets that they can't even think about the possible cessation of Chaco hostilities. But in Asuncion (Para- guay), Hl Diario declares: "Paraguay can not be deprived of the right to eject Bolivians from Paraguayan territory. Therefore, Paraguay can not ac- cept cessation of hostilities in which this right is ignored. "The opportunity to leave things as they were has passed forever since Paraguay did not take up the gauntlet in order to talk of postponing the question when the issue is precisely at the moment of definitely settling the question of frontiers. "No country in the world ever accepted a truce with the risk of losing what it had gained on the battle-field, on which it had been chal- lenged by an intransigeant aggressor."' Leningrad 'Tue Rio de Janeiro Diario da Noticias is convineed that the people in Bolivia are "infected with war fever and anxious to fight,'' but, it points out: "The governments, realizing the gravity of the situation, are inclined to seek arbitration. However, they can not override popular en- thusiasm without risking deposition. "America can not countenance a war which is little better than an absurdity, and must Q talk frankly with both countries and show S: them that arbitration is the only way to solve Dnepropetrovsk | the difficulties. However late, we hope that they will understand that this is so." La Prensa of Buenos Aires is gratified that both Bolivia and Paraguay showed signs at least of willingness to submit the Chaco conflict to arbitration, but it adds: To Keep Russia in Coal "Tt is lamentable that this should only become possible after a series of sanguinary encounters had been effected without formal declaration of war. However, it is a healthy reaction on which we congratulate both gov- ernments. "The legal situation of the litigants has not been modified by the changed military positions and the reconquest of the forts. The rights of neither have been lost or gained by the appeal to arms." Japanese Slams at the League HE League's last days are approaching, say some Japanese editors, who are convinced by the Lytton Report that the League of Nations should be dissolved. During the past year, acidly remarks the Tokyo Miyako, the League has lost much of its prestige through ''reckless inter- ference.'"' It was dragged into the Manchurian conflict by China, and was forced to deal with a situation which it obviously had no power to solve, according to this newspaper, and it adds: "'To-day it is clear to every observer that if at the outset the League had had courage enough to reject China's demand for interference, the Manchurian dispute would have been settled long ago, possibly before the independence of Manchukuo, through direct negotiations between Tokyo and Nanking. 'In future, the best course the League can follow to save itself from difficulties, and ultimately safeguard its very ex- istence, is to abstain from the Chino-Japanese disputes as far as possible." The Miyako also contends that the League has lost its influ- ence even in the European sphere. So if the situation continues to develop as at present, this newspaper argues, the League will be dissolved as an unnecessary organization." fo | great pressure. Yet they can not cope with LY & COMPANY DMCNAL The Moscow-Donbass railway, under construction, which will spread the product of Russia's richest coal region where it is most needed. fein laike RRARSY: (DIGEST 11 Soviet Russia's New Railroad ALLYING CALLS TO THE COMMUNIST PARTY, to the workers, and to the country at large are heard in the Soviet press to speed up the completion of the new Moscow-Donbass railway, which will form a direct connec- tion between the capital of the Soviet Union and the Donietz Basin, Russia's richest coal region. The work has not moved as fast as some Soviet editors think it should, and they are outspoken in their criticism and explanations. But in the end they express confidence that the mistakes made so far will be cor- rected and overcome in true Bolshevik fashion, so that ''with the help of the public opinion of the whole Soviet Union," this railroad of paramount importance will be completed within the time limit set by the plan. The great need for the railroad is plainly shown in [zvestia, official organ of the Soviet Government: Vologda. A © Ryazan "Our industries require more coal every year. Developing at an unprecedented pace, they make ever-growing demands upon our coal-fields in general, and upon the Donietz Coal Basin in particular. "In 1913, 25.2 million tons of coal were mined in the Donietz Basin. In 1931, this abundant storehouse of the Soviet Union gave us 50 per cent. more than in 1913. This is coincident with the increased exportation of coal from the Basin to the coal-consuming regions in general. The railroads now cross- ing the Basin, which lead to the cities of Voronezh and Kursk, are working under Nesvyetayevo D © Rostov the task of transmitting the needed stream of coal from the Basin to the north. "This lack has made it imperative to get a new outlet for the Donietz Basin's coal, and thus end the confusion and the conges- tion of freights on the two existing lines." So the Soviet Government decided in April, 1932, we are told, to begin construction immediately of a powerful double-track railroad, the Moscow-Donbass. The new line is to include a small railway, Valuiki-Ozherelye, built -long ago, but to be completely rebuilt. The terminal of the Moscow- Donbass line will be the Nesvyetayevsky mines, shown on the accompanying map. According to plan, the Moscow-Donbass railroad should be in working order by August 1, 1933, yet, Izvestza advises us: "Tt must be confessed, however, that its construction proceeds unsatisfactorily. In July and August, for instance, only 28 per cent. of track building planned for these months was done. In the same period only 6.9 per cent. of the buildings planned had been completed. ""The situation is especially unsatisfactory in the Venevsky region, where only 17 per cent. of the construction work planned for these two months is finished. This is all the more repre- hensible because the Venevsky portion of the road was to be ready for operation about October 1, 1932." Tzvestia expresses considerable indignation that the Soviet railway builders are so ''disappointingly unable to live up to the plan." But, it candidly admits, there is a lack of technical equipment, the work is not sufficiently well organized, and there are certain labor difficulties. In this official organ's own words-- "Our heavy industries and the Chief Administration of Rail- road Building have not supplied the builders of the road with even half the equipment which they undertook to provide." [2 TH E Lol WER AIR: (DIGS Ni Orv, E:MsB ERS eile Why the "'Reds" Thrive in China NLY PART OF CHINA is now "Red." But the day is not far distant, Moscow editors predict, when that will be the universal color of the country. They feel sure of it because of reports in the Chinese press of the victories of the Chinese Red Army and of the progress of the Chinese Soviet régime in Southern and Central China. Enthusiastically Pravda, official organ of the Central Com- mittee of the Communist party in Moscow, collects the evidence of Red prosperity in China. What is more, the Chinese news- German Satire "The Hammer and Sickle of freedom under Soviet rule.'' --''Rheinische Warte'' (Coblenz). papers which Pravda cites are not Communist organs, it assures us, but journals that support the Kuomintang, or Nationalist party, which makes up the Nanking Government, and has noth- ing but hate for the Chinese Reds. 'Eexpiamine first the reason why the Nanking troops can not cope effectively with the Chinese Red Army, Pravda alleges that the Nationalist soldiers are badly paid, badly fed, and utterly disorganized. Pravda quotes a Dairen Chinese-language newspaper, Manchu Pao, as charging that the Nanking offen- sives against the Reds fail because the Nationalist soldiers either go over to the Red ranks or else throw away their arms and flee, telling their officers, who urge them to fight: "We are not such fools as to fight when we are not paid." Then Manchu Pao adds: "Generally speaking, our soldiers and officers do not want to fight against the Reds. If they are taken prisoners by the Com- munists, they are well fed and given an opportunity to go to theaters. Moreover, they are at liberty either to join the Red ranks or to go home." 3ut perhaps the most complete picture of Soviet methods in China appears in Ta Kung Pao, an independent newspaper of Tientsin, which Pravda quotes as follows: "The Soviet Government in Hunan Province decrees the prices of rice. |The families of those who serve in the Red Army receive rice at the lowest of the fixt prices. "That Government also coins money of its own. On this money, one sees the scythe, the hammer, and the rifle, which symbolize the union of peasants, workmen, and soldiers. : ''Tn the territories controlled by the Chinese Soviets certain merchandise is lacking; but merchants smuggle it into these regions. 'Likewise, the Communists apparently buy arms from the soldiers of the Nanking armies. "The chief military force of the Soviets is the Red Army. Each company in this Army numbers ninety bayonets. Not everybody can become a Red Army soldier. Then the Soviets have the detachments of Red Partizans. "Finally, there are the Red Guards, organized as an irregular auxiliary force by peasant unions. "The boys and girls below the age of fifteen form the so-called Pioneer organization, and the youths from fifteen to twenty join the Union of Young Communists. "The Pioneers and the Young Communists do the patrol service or work as messengers. Women make the soldiers' cloth- ing and also work as nurses. Old women cook the soldiers' food, or else, together with children, play the réle of spies." Pravda then asserts that this Tientsin journal, Za Kung Pao, © concedes that the Chinese Red Army, which was weak and poorly organized a year ago, has now greatly improved. Last year, it points out, the Red Army could not withstand airplane attacks, but now-- "The Fifth Nanking airplane squadron, which was sent to the southern part of Hunan to combat the Reds was shot at by the latter, and some of the pilots were wounded. ''Moreover, the Reds now have airplanes of their own. Only recently their airplanes threw propaganda leaflets over Machen, in Eastern Hupeh." Lexmist schools are opened in the Chinese regions occupied by the Communists, this Tientsin newspaper goes on to say. Every- body, as far as their gaining a livelihood permits, is bound to attend the schools, without distinction of age or sex. And Ta Kung Pao continues: "People are taught, too, at various gatherings and meetings. The old Chinese literature and the Kuomintang books are prohibited. The men who emerge from these schools radically differ in their outlook from the old Chinese. ""They know the teachings of Karl Marx. If you tell them that Sun Yat Sen was a good man, it means for them that he was a friend of Lenin, for otherwise, in their opinion, he could not possibly have been a good man." The Shanghai Shun Pao, a Kuomintang organ, is quoted by Pravda as saying that the people in sections controlled by the Soviets carry out all the orders issued by the Red Government. What is more, we are informed by this Chinese newspaper that: "Hach village has sentinels of its own. These sentinels, as soon as they notice approaching forces, warn the villagers, and the latter flee in all directions, so that our troops never have any one to tell them in what direction the Reds have retreated. "Moreover, with the approach of troops the people take away their foodstuffs to the mountains. The troops can not carry more than one or two days' food rations with them, and so they can not stay long in the Red regions." Pravda also cites the editor of a Singapore Chinese-language newspaper, who was amazed to find that when the Red Chinese take possession of a place they do not indulge in massacre. On the contrary, these Soviet Chinese display the greatest courtesy and do not in any way terrorize the population. All of this the Singapore editor learned from Chinese press dispatches sent to his newspaper, and he remarks: "While reading these dispatches, I was horror-stricken. In- deed, if the Communists pursue such a peaceful and wise policy toward the population of the regions occupied by them, we will experience still greater difficulties in our anti-Communist ex- peditions, and it will be even harder for us to struggle against them than it is now." * S eo 352 Were Fe Sh aay eS eT LETTERS LITERATURE y DRAMA y» MUSIC + AND ART FINE-ARTS + EDUCATION + CULTURE Whistler's "Mother" Revisits Home HE COMES BACK, PERHAPS, TO SHAME us for our blindness. Of course, it is a portrait--perhaps the greatest and most enduring of all Whistler's work--that the French acquired forty years ago for a paltry four hundred dollars. This portrait has been loaned by the Louvre in Paris to the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and comes to America for its second visit, just half a century after it was shown here first. It is the picture, says H. I. Brock in the New York Times Magazine, that has ''come to be a sort of symbol of the dignity and patience of motherhood," so it is a grateful ser- vice Mr. Brock does in making us better acquainted with the woman herself. "Tt is an American Puritan mother who sits so gravely and so quietly within the frame, which is the window through which her son has given us the privilege of looking at her." Barons evidently imbibed more reverence for the mother than for the Puritan, as his picture seems to prove. Let us introduce Mrs. Whistler: "Anna Matilda McNeill her name was before this New England lady of evident Scottish descent became the wife of Maj. George Washington Whistler. Harper Pennington describes her as a 'stern Presbyterian,' holding to 'strict Sabba- tarian' views. ""Willingly would she have taken her son's paint-brushes away from him--as she had used to take away his toys when he was a child in Lowell, Massachusetts, where he was born--when on Sunday in Chelsea he dutifully took her to church and left her there while he came back to his studio to work. "She taught all her children to recite verses of the Psalms every morning before breakfast, and her diary shows that she kept up the custom in Europe. But she was not a Puritan merely. "In St. Petersburg and in London she stuck to her native victuals, fed her family on good American fare--hot biscuits, and even real pumpkin pie along with the Thanksgiving turkey right on the banks of the Neva or the margin of the Thames. "For this American Puritan mother, of Scots descent, was curiously transplanted to alien soil. She found herself with her children in the Russian capital in 1843, and had to see her boys partly educated there among the Muscovites--James, or Jem- mie, from nine years old to fifteen, except for intervals spent at school in England. ""Major Whistler, the father, had left the United States Army to build waterways and railways. At this time he was building for Czar Nicholas I the rail line from St. Petersburg to Moscow, laid out straight across the map with a ruler in the imperial hand. ""Major Whistler died in 1849, and the widow went back to New England to finish the education of her children properly. She distributed tracts after the best contemporary pattern of good works away from home, and carried on the family dis- cipline. '""Whistler himself said that she would have chosen to have him a minister. He was not that way inclined. The next choice was the Army--his father's profession. Accordingly, James was got into West Point, where, at the moment (1853), the com- mandant was Col. Robert E. Lee. ''When, after a series of escapades, shocking exhibitions of poor horsemanship, and a flirtation with a French maid, camou- Courtesy of the Museum of M flaged as 'hunting for his cat,' his career as a cadet was termi- nated because he knew no more of chemistry than to nominate silicon a gas, he turned to the pursuit of art. ' The 'straight and narrow path' did not, in his good mother's opinion, run the free way of the artist's life, tho she takes proud note in her diary of the boy's precocious artistic gifts." W HEN the Civil War ''stalked on the stage,'> Mrs. Whistler went to London to live with ''Jemmie,'"' and-- 'The gossipy Pennells tell us that Mrs. Whistler presided with rn Art "Arrangement in Grey and Black"' So Whistler called the painting but the world knows it as the portrait of his mother. grace and charm over the breakfasts which her son made famous in London before White House breakfasts were heard of in Washington, and that American dishes were a specialty. Whistler was a most considerate son, and the Presbyterian mother unbent graciously to his friends. "Among these was Swinburne, who lived not far away with George Meredith and D. G. Rossetti. Once Swinburne fell ill in Whistler's house, and the old lady nursed him. Afterward, having got well and stayed away quite a while, Swinburne sat at Mrs. Whistler's feet and sulked. 'I used to be Algernon,' he said. 'You have not been to see us for a long time,' she replied. "When you come around as you used to do you shall be Al- gernon again.' '"'Here it was that Whistler painted his mother's picture. Even the Pennells do not know exactly when the portrait was painted or how many sittings there were. Probably he prescribed exactly how his mother was to be drest, as he did for other sitters. "At all events, the 'Mother' was hung in the Royal Academy show in 1872, getting in only because Sir William Boxall, one of the artist's few supporters in the Academy, literally pried the door open for it--the last picture of Whistler's that did get into the Academy. ''Whistler explained that it was interesting to him as his mother's portrait, but to the public it was offered only as the 'Arrangement in Grey and Black'--which was the title. To 13 [4 THE IVT ERA RAY aD Gest Harper Pennington, however, he said (according to the Pen- nells), 'One does like to make one's mummy as nice as possible.' "Carlyle was fetched in to see the picture and liked it. Thus it happened that Whistler painted Carlyle's portrait in a very similar 'Arrangement of Grey and Black,' tho the old man looks fretful where Mrs. Whistler seems so extraordinarily still. The scolding both pictures got from the critics shows how far taste in art (and portraits in particular) has changed in half a century."' Tan ''Mother"' suffered many storms before it came to its proud position in the Art Pantheon of the French nation: "The 'Mother' was deseribed by one critic as a lady in mournful garb 'sitting in a solemn chamber,' the whole 'stiff and ugly enough to repel many.' Tom Taylor of The Times and Punch declared that it ignored 'all accepted canons of good drawing, good color, and good painting.' One puzzled gallery-hound was so confounded that to him 'criticism and ad- miration' seemed 'alike impossible.' He did not know whether the artist was playing a joke on the spectator or had something the matter with his eyes. '*At the French Salon of 1883 the 'Mother' won a third-class medal. This was the only award Whistler ever received at the Salon, whence in the days of his beginnings in Paris he had been driven, along with the whole lot of art insurrectionists, realists, and impres- sionists--Fantin Latour, Manet, and so on --to the Salon des Refusés! That did not prevent the arrived Whistler from becoming a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1889. Two years later the 'Mother' was bought (for a mere 2,000 franes, $400) for the Luxem- bourg, there to wait, till the artist died, for promotion to the Louvre. "The painting has belonged to the French Government since it was purchased in 1891 at the instance of no less a person than Georges Clemenceau. "In 1881 and 1882, when it was shown in Philadelphia and New York, nobody in America could be found willing to pay $1,000 or $1,200, the asking price." Bards Going Strong F PRESIDENT HOOVER thinks the country needs a soul- stirring poem to inspire courage in this difficult time, isn't there one among all the outpourings that L. H. Robbins enumer- ates in the New York Times Magazine to answer the President's call? Observe: 'Alfred E. Smith is amazed at the floods of verse that swamp an editor's mail box. Skin Health Derived from Daily 4 Use of the 4 , CUTICURA PREPARATIONS Price 25c. each. Sample free. , Address: **Cuticura," Dept. 3K, Malden, Mass. 4 i aes LVMERAR YE DIGEST High Speed at Great Altitudes UTURE travel by plane will be at altitudes of five or six miles, far above cloud and storm, in the calm air of this great height, thinks A. Boutaric, who con- tributes an article on the subject to the scientific column of the Revwe Hebdoma- daire (Paris). Owing to the extreme thinness of the atmosphere at this height, both the air in the cabin and that which feeds the motors will have to be mechanically comprest. He writes: The construction of airplanes is in con- tinual evolution. Every year the Aero- nautical Salon at Paris shows important improvements by which inventors have attempted to increase the speed, solidity, and safety of their machines. Setting aside for the moment all the technical details of these improvements, I would simply direct attention to the progress that seems to be bringing aviation toward high- altitude flight. Many will doubtless ask what good can be accomplished by such an advance beyond developing aviation as a sport. They will be greatly surprized to learn that its effect will be to increase notably the safety of flight. The greatest enemies of aviation, fog, wind, and storm, exist only in the lower parts of the atmosphere, below a height of about six miles. Above this all agitation of the air disappears; it is a region of cu:ch, where storms are unknown. The airplane that flies at such altitudes need not fear that it will be lost in fog or carried away by tempest. But at the same time that its flight is safer, it may also become much more swift. The principal thing that limits speed is the difficulty of reducing it sufficiently, in the course of descent, to allow a landing to be made. If the flight is at a great height, the descent will be correspondingly long, and the most qualified specialists believe that at ten miles elevation a speed of 350 miles an hour would be practicable. A primary difficulty, which is in truth a serious one, at once presents itself. How can the pilot and the passengers live during a long journey at such a height, where the air is so extremely rarefied as to be quite unsuited to breathe? The use of masks fed by pure oxygen, quite proper in a merely sporting flight, would be uncom- fortable and out of the question in a passen- ger plane. The only acceptable solution would be to place pilot and passengers in a hermetically sealed cabin where the pres- sure would be artificially maintained at a point near that which exists at the earth's surface, the renewal of the oxygen taking place at the same time as the absorption of the gaseous products of respiration. The construction of airplanes with such cabins would present some difficulty, but the cele- brated balloon ascension of Professor Piccard to a height of ten miles has shown its possibility. Another difficulty now presents itself. We must not only assure the proper func- tioning of our lungs at such a height, but also of the motors. Now these utilize the explosion of a gaseous mixture of gasoline vapor and air. The rarefaction of the air with increasing height involves a diminu- tion of the explosive force of the mixture =} THROAT- PURGING GETS THOSE EMBEDDED GERMS AVORIS has a unique mouth- purging action entirely dif- ferent from ordinary antisep- tics. It coagulates germ-laden mucus... and flushes out the embedded bacteria as well as loose surface germs. It leaves the mouth and throat in a truly clean and healthful condition. Lavoris positively will not injure delicate mem-= brane. Its effect zs stimulating. Its taste is pleasant. THE LAVORIS COMPANY Minneapolis, Minnesota Lavoris Chemical Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont., Canada | ACCEPT A TRIAL BOTTLE | [ | | | THE LAVORIS COMPANY Dept. LD 990 North Third Street Minneapolis, Minn. Lavoris. I enclose 10c for cost of packing and | mailing. | Dales (YR a Ee = Se IO, Sn Senne ee Se | | Please send me your large, generous sample of | PLUS OS Se occ cedcencgsdzncnsepgactena cue enes Sentence waecakerseae eee | 32. There is only one. CHIEF The fastest and most exclusive train to-- Califomia Only two nights enroute. The Santa Fe is the shortest line Chicago to Los Angeles. aay Vs MMMM You can live very inexpensively this winter in California and Southern Arizona. Hotel and apartment rates are low. A Santa Fe ticket to California will take you through PHOENIX Mail this coupon eee ee ee W.J. BLACK, P. T. M., Santa Fe System 1110 Railway Exchange, Chicago, Ill. Wea SN Send booklets, also 'California and Arizona Hotel Rates'' folder. Name Address HOME-STUDY COURSES The new plan courses (required for the College Certificate) furnish a broad basis for interpreting trends in our economic and so- cial order. Through these and 435 other courses one may begin or continue a high school, college, or personal program of study. Courses accredited. Ask for free booklet. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 7.9 Ellis Hall Chicago, Ill. EN iO. warm lizing sunshine of the ei winter. se Tucson's winter skies are blue-- phe days warm with sunshine. That's 'why a vacation here soothes tired / / herves--renews worn bodies. il, Come, for Tucson's many other . es See Old Mexico. Visit _7 real Western ranches. Explore In- -- dian ruins. Play outdoors each day. --_ And you'll like our hotels, shops, theatres. Costs are very moderate. Mal coupon or wire for booklet and infor- mation re: hotels, air, rail and road data, etc, Winter rates and stopovers now available on Rock Island and Southern Pacific Lines. TUCSON ] | Sunshine~ Climate Club | | ARIZONA | | 1200 B Old Pueblo Bldg., Tucson, Arizona : Please send me the free "Sunshine Booklet? THE LITERARY DIGEST and so of the power of the motor. Says M. Boutarie: Divers plans have been proposed to remedy this. One of the simplest was that of the late Auguste Rateau of our Academy of Science. It consists in super-feeding the motor as the altitude increases, by com- pressing the air before admitting it. Rateau proposed to use a compressor run by the motor itself, or, more economically, by a small turbine operated by the gas of the exhaust. In Rateau's apparatus a simple valve makes it possible to super-feed the motor to the desired degree. Ata height of three miles air would be admitted at a pressure twice the normal pressure at this altitude. This means also increasing the speed. Hitherto all the planes built on the Rateau plan have been for military use. Pilot and observers are uncovered, and breathe through oxygen masks. But as soon as we have planes with air-proof- cabins there will be no trouble in compress- ing much further, insuring the attainment of much greater heights. Then trans- atlantic flights will present little difficulty, and New York and Paris will be only a few hours apart! An Arctic Moses ULL your chairs up to the fire and hear this saga of an Arctic Moses--it's the story of as strange and daring a pilgrim- age as you've ever heard. Go back to a summer's night in 1929. Two men talked together in the drawing- room of a luxurious apartment in a New York hotel. Occasionally one of them stopt to look down at the fairyland below him. But his thoughts were thousands of miles away--in a wild bit of frozen, wind- swept land lying against the polar seas. Richard Island, they call it. There some thousands of Eskimos were trapt in a prison of ice, sleet, and snow, facing star- vation. Death sat on the ice and waited. Between them and help lay Alaska's un- charted forests, treacherous swamps, snow- covered mountains, frozen rivers, and all the chill armor with which the North can array itself against the unbidden guest. One of the men, as Hans J. Adamson tells the story in Liberty, was William Cory, Canadian Deputy Minister of the Interior, charged with the responsibility of averting the impending famine among these Cana- dian Eskimos on Richard Island. The other man was Carl Lomen, whom men eall the reindeer king of Alaska. There was only one way to get help to Richard Island, and that was to drive a herd of reindeer more than a thousand miles through a wilderness practically unknown to man. Suddenly Lomen's eyes brightened. ''I have it,' he cried. ''I'll take your order to deliver three thousand deer up to Richard Island. J'll see Andy Bahr." '"Who is Andy Bahr?" asked the Deputy Minister of the Interior. ""The man who knows more about rein- deer and the. North than any living person," BALI! PORT MORESBY! Brilliant Gems in a Golden Ring of Travel LEE WINTER and follow spring in a smart new ship... sail to 21 far-away ports and capture the glories of 14 exotic lands! A Cruise at the ideal time of the year to places that beckon in every Nomad's dream. ~ iN egw DD ec) ree cae ape eae name ara Sailing from NEW YORK, January 12 ened RSS SAN FRANCISCO, Jan.27 ®@ $1250 up LOS ANGELES, Jan. 28 . pO RO DI) DI RI II NEARLY three months . « - over 25,000 miles of super-cruising...at prac- tically stay-at-home cost. Full details available at any Nae 3 agency or THE OCEANIC STEAMSHIP CO. Matson Line New York . 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A collection of unique and highly informa- tive stories for young people about many of the com- mon birds found in this country, accurately describing their actions and habits in most interesting, non- technical language. With 12 full-page illustrations in color by E£, R. Kalmbach and numerous other illus- trations in half tone. Cloth, 355 pages. $2.00; by mail, $2.14. MY BOOK OF BEST FAIRY TALES Edited by Charles S. Bayne The cream of the world's most popular fairy tales, illustrated by 16 full-page plates in color by Harry Rountree. A book that can not fail to catch and hold the imagination of a child. Cloth, $3.00; by mail, $3.18. MY BOOK OF STORIES FROM THE POETS By Christine Chaundler Here are stories from many of the great poems of the world's literature put into simple prose form in a most interesting way. Bound in handsome cloth, with many full-page colored illustrations. $3.00; by mail, $3.18. All bookstores. or the publishers, FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 354-360 Fourth Ave., New York HOW TO LIVE Prepared by Professor Irving Fisher of Yale and Bugene Lyman Fisk, M.D., under the auspices of the Hygiene Reference Board, 'Life Extension Institute. 19th Edition--Revised and Enlarged This all-embracing and reliable The Nation's work, which has been the road to health for untold thousands, has re- Foremost ceived the endorsement of such emi- nent organizations as the American Medical Association and the State Boards of Health of Indiana, Ken- tucky, Louisiana, New York, and Pennsylvania. It discusses in 'frank and understandable language, diseases, foods, fads, poisons, marriage, massage, good and bad habits, in- dividual hygiene, eugenics, physical culture, ete. is and gives an illustrated series of exercises. It isa book that should be in every home. 402 pages 12mo. Fabrikoid. 8&2; $2.14, post-patd. « FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishers, 354-360 Fourth Ave., NewYork Book of Health IGOR ESIMEB Ba 8192) ) (191312 answered Lomen. ''If any one can do this thing, it's Andy." Andy Bahr, the writer tells us, was past the threescore mark, and had long since retired from reindeer herding. He had settled down to running a little apartment- house in Seattle. Born in Lapland, he had come to this country at the age of twenty to herd reindeer in Alaska. Teun be a hard job," Andy said, when the question was put to him, ''but there ain't no reason why I can't do it. I can't see them poor devils starvin'. I'll go." Let Mr. Adamson go on with the story: In November, 1929, there was a great round-up of deer at Naboktoolik, a tiny Eskimo village at the mouth of the Sela- wik River on the western coast of Alaska. The work of selecting three thousand choice specimens to be driven to Richard Island was in progress when a terrific storm wrecked the corrals, releasing the deer. While a second round-up was in progress, Andy's carefully trained sled deer ran off, which necessitated delay until new animals could be brokenin. And so it was not until after Christmas that Andy got under way. It was a'sight that Naboktoolik will never forget when the little Laplander began his march to the Arctic Sea with the horde of deer, his companions, several dogs, and some fifty sleds piled with tons of supplies. '""We'll be there in about a year 'n' a half,'' he said as he departed. Andy's twelve-hundred-mile serpentine route was to take him north to the Arctic coast, then east to the Mackenzie delta and Richard IJsland--yjourney's end.. He had purposely chosen winter as the time of departure because the first half of the long course was to lead him through mountain valleys and a bewildering labyrinth of rivers, ereeks, and swampland--territory that is impassable in summer. Within a fortnight Andy was well out in the godless stretches of endless white where, from October to April, high-velocity winds come howling down from the Pole; where blinding blizzards rage for weeks on end, and gray, ghostly twilight takes the place of day. Grimly, intrepidly, this modern Moses led his strange pilgrimage onward into the land that was neither heaven nor earth nor hell, while the wind and the snow and the cold chanted an ominous chorus of impending doom. Storm followed storm, each one increas- ing in severity. Some of the sled deer, half-wild and poorly trained, ran amuck, splintered the sleds, and made a dash to freedom--and merciful death. The herd itself, hungry and _ storm-lasht, milled about in frenzied confusion. Andy, using every cunning device that he had learned during his years of experience, finally got the beasts under control. Then came a new menace--wolves. The herd stampeded and separated, and Andy spent several _ days getting it together again. The Arctic Moses had weathered the first crisis, but others were in store for him. In February the little Laplander began casting about for a crossing over the frozen Selawik River. For two weeks he was thwarted by dense, impenetrable brush and high, steep banks which the herd couldn't negotiate. When finally he found a suit- able place, a lashing wind suddenly swept the river clear of snow and left it with a skating-rink surface on which the deer eould not find footing. So there was a de- TEESE WERARY: DILGES T lay of eight valuable days while the herders, wielding picks and axes, corru- gated a mile-wide stretch of ice across the frozen stream. Toward the end of February Andy reached a point on the Hunt River and made camp. He had made less than a hundred miles in two months--with more than a thousand to go! He had planned to go far beyond, to Howard Pass, before making camp; but the fawning season was approaching and _ to have prest onward would have meant infinite hardship for the mother animals and their young. Then, too, a rest now would give both the men and the beasts a chance to put some fat on their bones, the better to withstand the rigors that awaited them. The ground was beginning to loosen up a bit, which made it easier for the deer to feed. ribs was beginning to think the worst was over. But as the summer came on it brought ravages of ifs own. In July the mercury ran up to more than 100 degrees. Fles and mosquitoes came across the tundra in clouds and attacked men and beasts. The reindeer tried to escape, and the herd did finally split in two, the groups drifting thirty miles apart. Many weeks passed before the herd was rounded up. One day, early in November, more than ten months after the journey had begun, an Alaskan Airways plane swooped down to take Andy pathfinding. Through his powerful binoculars Andy saw that the pass he had decided upon was a death-trap. He sighted another, where the Ambler River cuts through the Brooks range of mountains. Six tons of supplies were delivered to the advance base by dog- team, and on Thanksgiving Day, 1930, the pilgrimage was resumed, with Howard Pass as the next objective. But, we read on: Hardly had they started when the ele- ments once again raised a savage chant of doom in their faces. A churning blizzard suddenly cut a hideous swath over the territory that Andy had chosen, and he and his men were forced to abandon the herd temporarily and dig caves in the ground. The deer wandered at. will, but that didn't particularly worry Andy. Reindeer al- ways travel with the wind, and Andy is a past master at estimating wind direction and velocity and the speed of roaming deer. When the storm was over he went out and located the herd with little difficulty. But bad weather continued to hound the procession, and often some of the herders would be lost in the blinding wilderness for days. One Eskimo with his train of four sleds disappeared for two weeks and was listed as lost. But one morning the little man with the black eyes and the olive skin straggled into camp, frost-maimed and ex- hausted. "Me get back,' he said simply, as he dropt in his tracks. The pilgrimage was not far from its im- mediate objective, Howard Pass, when Andy met his supreme test. Things had been going along fairly smoothly for several days. Suddenly, out of the polar silences, swirled the worst storm that the party had yet encountered. Visibility ceased to be and the herders, half frozen and virtually in tatters, swarmed around Andy. The wise old Laplander knew that for the first time At Warxixi--Diamond Head juts out into the blue sea to shut out workaday worlds. Only the cost has changed or all chose who have known Ha- waii's caress--its unhurried peace and joyful contcencment-- Mark Twain wrote: '* .. No alien* land in all the world. has any deep, strong, charm for me but that one; no other land could so longingly and beseechingly haunt me, sleeping and waking, through more than half a lifetime, as that one has done. "Ocher things leave me, but ic abides; other things change, but ic remains the same. For me its balmy airs are always blowing, its summer seas flashing in the sun; the pulsing of ics surf beat is in my ear; I can see its garlanded crags, its leaping cas- cades, its plumy palms drowsing by the shore; its remote summits float- ing like islands above the cloud rack; 1 can feel che spirit of its woodland solitude; I can hear the plash of its brooks; in my nostrils still lives the breath of flowers that perished years and years ago." *(When Mark Twain penned this tribute, Ha- wali was a monarchy, but since 1898 the Islands have been a territory and an integral part of the United States of America.) You will find ic easy to discover this enchantment. The seas that wash , the Southern Cross still hold forgec- ' fulness. Only the cost has changed. or less,can well cover the $275 expense of an 18-day roundtrip from the Pacific Coast ports of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Vancouver. This low cost will allow: first-class accommodations on board ship, a good hotel or cot- tage, your meals and sightseeing. Will you write us for proof? Al HA HAWAII TOURIST BUREAU (HONOLULU, HAWAII, U.S. A.) 1521 RUSS BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO The Hawaii Tourist Bureau will, on request, mail you FREE, authoritative information. For specialbooklet, with illustrated maps, send 10c. LE SSR TSI ETE LE EE IS CN 34 tuberculosis in \Ibuquerque This friendly little city in the very Heart of the Health Country extends a cheery welcome to those who come here in search of health. They feel at home where so many others have won back to robust strength, and where no one ever contracts tuberculosis. Here the patient can live the outdoor life comfortably in any season. Winters are mild for resting out-of-doors in brilliant, stimulating sunshine. Summer nights are cool for sleep under blankets even in July and August. 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Get tat our valuable 64-page ''Law Guide'' and *'Evidence'' books free. Send for them NOW./ aSalle Extension University, Dept.1152-L,Chicago WHAT O'CLOCK IS IT IN RELIGION? and other liberal religious literature sent upon request H. E. Dodge, Station A-404, Worcester, Mass. Brand New 88192 Guoronteed by REMINGTON Sensationally new low '% price and easy terms, Gy Standard 4 row keyboard-- Fe fully guaranteed by Rem- GR ington Co. Choice of Colora, - Send No Money,!0 Day Trial Bend for new literature and ney Dav piso---only $1 00 down, then 100 a a dey Also bargains tn Standard Size refinished office model sent free. Write for details and apecial money-moking opnortunltian' International Typewriter Exch soniye es THE LITERARY DIrGEsT during the trek he was threatened with mutiny. ""We're lost!'' roared one of the men above the shrieking wind. '' Y'understand? We're lost! You got us into this!" Andy glared witheringly at the speaker, then at the others around him. At length, smiting his chest, he roared: ""You men can see me, can't you?"' They nodded, not understanding what he was driving at. "Well," he went on, ''as long as you can see me y'ain't lost. When you're with me you're home!" His supreme self-confidence quieted them down for the time being, at least. PF ivatty, came the day when the Arctic Moses crossed the last of the mountain ranges. Before him lay the promised land of the Colville basin. In March, 1931, Andy made camp. But here came another staggering blow. Food was running low, and the whole caravan faced starvation. Only a miracle could save them. Then the miracle happened--on a day when the specter of mutiny was once more stalking abroad. Andy was arguing with the herders when suddenly, from above, there came the drone of an airplane motor! Circling, the plane--one of the Alaskan Airways fleet--landed on the surface of the river and taxied up to the camp. The pilot, Joe Crosson, greeted Andy. "Can't stay but a few minutes, Andy," Crosson explained. ''A storm's brewing. Carl Lomen is worried about you--asked me to try to locate you." Andy told his story simply, briefly. "And if we don't get food quick,'' he concluded, ''we're stopt--and what about all them folks up Richard Island way?" "Tl see that you get food," said Cros- son. 'But it may take some time for a plane to get through to you." Prospects of relief quelled the rebellion among the herders. Three weeks later Crosson landed witha thousand pounds of food. Four months afterward--in July of last year--Andy reached the bleak Arctic coast. He penned a homespun letter to the reindeer king, setting forth the hard- ships that he and his band of pilgrims were going through. "But I ain't kickin', Mister Lomen,"' Andy concluded. ''We will make it." The letter reached Lomen in September. And that was the last heard of Andy Bahr until April of this year, when a search instituted by the Canadian Government revealed that the herd had again been split in twain. Half of it was located some three hundred miles from its destination. The herders in charge said that they had not seen Andy in more than four months-- not since he had left in a blinding blizzard to locate the other half. Later, natives along the hilly country that skirts the shores of the Polar Sea said they had heard reports that the gnarled little figure of the Laplander had been seen with the other half of the herd in tow, beating his way eastward toward the Mackenzie delta. From a brief account in The Wall Street Journal we learn that the herd of 3,000 has inereased to 3,400. The Canadian Govern- ment's contract with the Lomen Brothers calls for the payment of $195,000 on delivery of the reindeer. Andy's remunera- tion is not mentioned. His crew consists of four Laplanders and six Eskimos. 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City THE FUNK & WAGNALLS NEW STANDARD DICTIONARY is needed in every American home where education and culture are truly esteemed. LLUSTRATIVE descriptive circu- lars packed with information on such topics as, Psychology Reduced to Easy Simple Language; How to Apply Psychology in Salesmanship; in Public Speaking; in Retail Selling--Psychol- ogy Applied by the Professional Man--Your Undiscovered Resources--Sources of Will Power--How to Avoid Worry--How Ideas Are Created--The Ability to Read Men, etc. We will also send ful! particulars of the litera- ture of the Society of Applied Psychology and how it has won promotion, more income and influence for thousands. Just ask, on a post-card, for ''How to De- velop Your Power of Achievement," or mail this advertisement, writing your name and, address in the margin. It will be sent by sealed mail, FREE. THE LITERARY DIGEST, Dept. 1402, New York City NOW EINE ER 2s 1 93.2 iia lee ARY "DalG ES T CuRRENT Poetry UNSOLICITED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DEPARTMENT CAN NOT BE RETURNED. UNPUBLISHED POETRY UNAVAILABLE Dun plight of so many to-day has called forth sympathetic verse expressions; few if any have the bite of this in the first issue of The New Outlook (New York): THE BEGGAR (for William Blake) By Oagpren Nasu Beggar, beggar, burning low In the city's trodden snow. What immortal hand or eye Could frame thy dread asymmetry? In what distant deep of lies Died the fire of thine eyes? What the mind that planned the shame? What the hand dare quench the flame? And what shoulder and what art Could rend the sinews of thy heart? And when thy heart began to fail, What soft excuse, what easy tale? What the hammer? What the chain? What the furnace dulled thy brain? What the anvil? What the blow Dare to forge this deadly woe? When the business cycle ends, In flaming extra dividends, Will He smile his work to see? Did He who made the Ford make thee? INSPIRATION, "'a journal for aspiring poets and poetry lovers"' (St. Louis, Mo.), is a newcomer in the field, and is ''devoted to the verse of beginners, and, yet, unrecog- nized poets, who seek recognition rather than remuneration."' But it gives prizes of "$5, $3, $2. Thisis the fortunate first winner: ARCHITECTURE By WINIFRED WRIGHT I am the noblest of the Arts. I am the art of service. I provide, shelter, and transform. Next to man I am nearest to God in beauty. I soar high, I clutch deep into the earth and grow. I follow in the wake of men's dreams And lead in the process of their materialization. 1 am the mirror of culture. I make vines and leaves of iron. I invite and frame live pictures In blown sand. Poetry and the organs of music Are built into me. -I survive men: IT accumulate beauty as I grow older; And when I disintegrate, I do so in the infinite cause of perfection. I am gentle. T build monuments to the tenderest impulse. Iam humble. Roses climb upon my face, And the honeysuckle loves me. Onn fancies that much current verse may arise from motives confessed below; but who has before been honest enough to 'confess? In The Spectator (London): READER'S QUERY By W. Hopeson Burner Is there a quick way of becoming a modern poet? -Tf there is, I should very much like to know it. _Are there, for instance, any '"'Poetry Schools" _ Where they teach one the rules And at the same time give one a chance of "'learn- ing While earning," "Such as those Correspondence Colleges which guarantee To make a man a journalist at a nominal fee? Or is it absolutely necessary to study A poet like Masefield "bloody''), Or D. H. Lawrence (Whom I view with utter abhorrence), Or am I bound To wade through the works of T. 8. Eliot or Ezra Pound? Of course I am quite prepared to read these people --but What I really want is a short cut Which will enable me to turn out stuff That is good enough, Stuff, I mean, that will pass AS poetry even if it is not high class. And, as the idea of going through a long course of drudgery is hateful, If anyone can give me a few useful tips I shall be eternally grateful. In short, I want to be able to write such a poem that no editor will dare to return it With the usual hypocritical regrets to-- (and use words like Hears is a series of pictures that have the real eerie quality--tho the lines remind you of Coleridge. In The Lyric (Roanoke, Wisin) VIEEAGE BY Tinie SEA By Marrua Bannina THOMAS I The Discovery I found a shore where none had been But silent ships that sailed away, I found a sea where waves rushed in Like towers caught on Judgment Day; The sand lay whiter than a bone, And pipers romped through solemn games, And when the tide up-turned a stone, They ran to look, and scratched their names; Sea-thunder beat upon the air Like people shouting in a crowd, And sank to whispering, and there, Came silence deeper than a cloud. It Fog A wall as light as tossing snow Stepped softly on the sea, The sun above, the shade below, It came uncannily; We lost the light-house, then the bluff (The sky was sweetly blue) A fog-horn spoke, we heard his gruff Remarks the whole night through. Til Wind South-East. Rain The rain could not fall calmly here As on New England ground, Dropped like a harp's unearthly, clear, Inimitable sound. But it must come with hue and cry, And hurl against the pane Handfuls of shot . . . and by and by, Go rushing off again. IV Heavy Breeze Like a raddled leaf In a witless gale, The sight was brief Of her slatting sail; Her spars were thread, And her masts were veins As she whipped ahead Of the driving rains; In the noisy dark From the light-house reef, Came a warning spark For the raddled leaf. 35 Kill a COLD before lt Takes Root! REAT a-cold quickly and treat it deci- CPs Don't depend on half-way meas- ures. Half-way measures only lead to half- cured colds. Take a COLD remedy for a cold and not a remedy good for half a dozen things. Take a remedy that gets a cold from the imside, and not merely a surface treatment. 4 EFFECTS! The wise thing to do is to take Grove's Lax- ative Bromo Quinine as soon as you catch a cold. Grove's Laxative Bromo Quinine is effective and reliable because it-is specifically a cold remedy and because it does the four things necessary to relieve a cold. First, it opens the bowels. Second, it kills the cold germs in the system and reduces the fever. Third, it relieves the headache and that gtippy feeling. Fourth, it tones the entire system and fortifies against further attack. Grove's Laxative Bromo Quinine is safe to take! It contains no nar- cotics and produces no bad after-effects. Taken promptly, it will usually expel a cold overnight. So in its use lies safety. Every drug store in America sells Grove's Laxative BromoQuinine. Convenient, pocket- size box, cellophane- wrapped. Get it today. *T Couldn't Write a Better Prescription Myself!" GROVES LAXATIVE BROMO QUININE INVESTMENTS What City Credit Means to the Taxpayer HEN TWO OF WALL STREET'S biggest bankers flatly tell the New York City authorities that they must run the city more economically or they won't be able to borrow money to pay current bills, taxpayers sit up and take notice--especially when Chicago's near bankruptcy is kept in mind. The poorer a city's credit is, the higher the rate it will have to pay when it borrows money. Allin all, remarks Benjamin Colby in The Annalist, 'whether a' city will be able to borrow at 3 or 6 per cent. over a period of years will be a considerable item in its costs." In fact, for our larger cities, interest payments take up more than 12 per cent. of the money raised by taxes. Mr. Colby takes the case of New York as ''an example of hundreds of municipalities that are paying dearly for the loss of investors' confidence." He notes the fluctuations in the price of New York City bonds since the end of the Walker régime: Acegession of a new Mayor, with a program of economy re- pudiating the flagrant extravagance of his predecessor, brought a rise of approximately $135,000,000 in total market prices, all of which was lost when it appeared that his retrenchment pro- posals were to be scrapped and an era of limousine politics continued. A year and a half ago New York was doing temporary borrow- _ing at 1.8714 per cent., with Boston paying 1.74. This year New York has been borrowing at 534 per cent. with Boston pay- ing from 2.23 to 0.97. Besides, New York has sold $150,000,000 of one to five year notes bearing interest at around 6 per cent. In other words-- Roughly calculated, America's largest city has contracted to pay on its 1932 financing a total of approximately $8,340,000 more interest than would have been required had it managed its affairs economically. Even $8,340,000 is nearly 114 per cent. of the current annual expenditures. Tae high cost of municipal borrowing in this country is getting more and more important: In 1929, 11.9 per cent. of revenue receipts were required to meet our cities' interest, and for those of more than 500,000 population the percentage was 12.8. Debt has since grown by an estimated one-eighth, so that the proportion of income required is now probably substantially higher. It has been customary to regard as waste only that which is actually paid out in exorbitant salaries and for unneeded em- ployees and projects--the visible excess of operating costs over what they would be on an efficient basis. But if a city borrows at 6 per cent. when another with com- parable assets and advantages is getting money at one-third this rate because of governmental economy, the added interest is an expenditure for which the city receives nothing at all-- a waste. The idea once prevailed that ''municipal credit is always good because the taxing power is unlimited." But now taxes are increasingly difficult to collect, and there is a point beyond which municipal expenditures do not procure equivalent benefits for taxpayers. In other words, ''where this process of diminishing returns begins is the practical limit of effective taxation, and there are indications that this has been reached in many places.' After all, we are told, cities really are ''affected by precisely the same factors that affect industry, altho the effects may be felt more slowly." And the writer goes on: During the past two years bankers have adopted an attitude toward municipal borrowers similar to that which they have always had toward private corporations. In the affairs of commercial enterprises given to periodic borrowing they generally have an important voice, and since 36 AND FINANCE municipal difficulties have become wide-spread this has been true of their relations with cities. Much of the retrenchment that has been put into practise by our larger municipalities, in fact, has been because of the stipulations of bankers, unwilling to advance private funds en- trusted to them without guaranties of economical financial administration. Had the bankers not taken such an unyielding stand, many municipalities apparently would have continued the process of engulfing themselves in debt until halted by utter break-down. Financial reform, unfortunately, can not alter interest rates on the money (estimated at $13,000,000,000) that is already owed by local units. If we are entering a prolonged period of low money rates, however, municipalities that conduct their affairs economically and efficiently should be able to do their financing at sufficient advantage to assist appreciably in lightening debt pressure. After the Branch-Factory Spree C66 OOK AT THAT!' said an exporter, as he pointed to a copy of the leading Canadian popular national magazine. '"'We turned over the pages together and found that nine- tenths of the advertising was by American branch companies. ""T)o you wonder,' the exporter asked, 'that our exports to Canada are falling off? Canada is merely an extreme example of what has been going on all over the world. We Americans have been foolishly exporting capital, factories, and jobs to make imitation American goods to take foreign outlets away from genuine American goods and employment from American labor. ""But, thank heaven, this era of error is coming to an end. I hear almost daily of the closing of branches abroad with a jingling crash of lost dollars. I deplore the losses, but I hope that the lessons thereby learned will be worth the cost.' "Millions of Americans, including thousands of investors, share both the exporter's deploration and hope."' So writes Theodore M. Knappen in The Magazine of Wall Street, under the title of ''Branch Factories Abroad--A Fiasco in Over-Expansion."" Telling us of the extent of this movement, Mr. Knappen says that ''it probably would not be far afield to' say that near 2,000 American firms have some sort of production branches abroad. The number of the branches is considerably larger, as many concerns have branches in a number of countries. "During the boom period,"' Mr. Knappen continues, ''there was much flag-waving and screaming by the eagle, as factory after factory was erected abroad. The movement was spoken of as an American invasion. Later there began to be misgivings about the effects of these branch factories on American exports, domestic industrial progress, and employment. "After the depression brought in an era of pitiless economy and searching introspection executives began to scrape off the ballyhoo and endeavor to ascertain whether branch factories were all that they were once supposed to be." Aes, were supposed to widen markets, to get around tariff barriers, to reduce or eliminate transportation costs, and to add to the prestige of a company. But sad experience has shown that the expected did not hap- pen. Among the obstacles met by branch factories were high labor costs despite low wage scales, high taxes in various countries and the prejudice against foreign goods. In many instances the branch factories diverted demand from the home plant. Waste resulted from the building of branches in countries where there was no real economic need for them. "The conclusion is inevitable,' continues Mr. Knappen, "that American branches in foreign countries have been over- done, that many more of them will be liquidated, and that they have cut deeply into American export trade.'? Then-- % Nevertheless, it may be expected that under certain favorable DEO EM BiERS 2142. = AT 973 2 Tete ES) THESRAAGRSAYY ID)! G Est aT It's hard for a Hungry citizen HE boy whose stomach is empty cannot be expected to do good work at school. Babies undernourished through another winter may be handicapped by frail bodies through life. The hun- gry father of a hungry family is hardly the man to seek employment with persistence, or to do well on the job when he gets it. Before you can save a man's soul it is often neces- sary to feed his body. You have no right to expect the civic virtues of patience, courage and honesty from starving, freezing men and women. If they preserve a just attitude towards the laws of the city in which they live, it is a miracle. This winter, as never before, it is the duty of all who are well-clad, well-housed, and well-fed to help the less fortunate. The fact that you gave last year, and the year before, does not lessen your responsi- bility. The fact that you cannot afford a large con- tribution must not deter you. The upturn of busi- ness with a gradual improvement of economic con- ditions does not remove the crisis of this moment. Emergency appropriations by the federal govern- ment amount to $300,000,000, but they meet only half the increased national needs for human relief. The rest is up to you! Lb de Ze How will your dollars be used? First of all, they will feed the hungry, and relieve the absolute want of the unemployed. They will be used, also, to take care of the sick and aged. They will help to maintain hospitals, orphanages and schools. They will make possible clinics and visiting nurses. The dollars you give are invested in the forces of civilization right in your community! WELFARE AND RELIEF MOBILIZATION, 1932 The Welfare and relief Mobilization for 1932 is a cooperative national program to reinforce local fund-raising for human welfare and relief needs. No national fund is being raised; each community is making provisions for its own people; each community will have full control of the money it obtains. Give through your established welfare and relief organiza- tions, through your community chest, or through your local emergency relief committee. -- ees Artt8st ts FBLKRANA_ Newton D. Baker, Chairman, National Citizens' Committee This winter, as never before, support your local Community Campaign 38 Reduced FARES to Cal 10/; Na or the Pacific Northwest Round trip tickets for only 114 the regular one-way fare. On sale daily until Dec. 22. Return limit Jan. 25. Similarfares eastbound. Also remarkably low one-way coach and tourist car fares. UNION "PACIFIC Limi Finest of food served in air-con- ditioned dining cars. Barber, bath, maid and valet service... everything for your comfort. Also convenient daily service to and from California on the San Francisco Overland Limited and other fine Union Pacific trains. SRR AR See aR eee eee a W.S. Basinger, Passenger Trafhc Manager g Fs 8 Room 314, Union Pacific Railroad | - Omaha, Nebr. : . Please send me information about fares to 7 B -------+------------------------------ rn - INGEN Cha soma ee ee ae ne oe ee ear - BE NUGKeSS ene ae ee aa eo oe r] UNION PACIFIC AUTO BODIES tc. types available for '29, 30, '31 and '32 cars. Body Dept. Lock Box 275, Lansing, Michigan. Inspiration and Ideals By GRENVILLE KLEISER An Exquisite Gift Book--365 bright, stimulating and helpful chapters, one for each day in the year. Marie, Queen of Roumania, finds ''any amount of good advice, encouragement and stimulant for each day in it.'"' $1.50; by mail, $1.60. FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 354 Fourth Ave., N. Y. Be a GOOD Speller Certain words in correspondence, advertising writing, and literary work need no longer puzzle you if you have handy that valuable speller for busy people-- Words We Misspell By FRANK H. VIZETELLY, Litt.D., LL.D. Managing Editor New Standard Dictionary A_ perfect guide to correct spelling of 10,000 words often misspelled. Also shows correct formation of plurals, divisions into syllables, and tells why one word should be used instead of another--gage instead of gauge, it's instead of its, rabbet instead of rabbit, cozen instead of cousin, illude instead of elude or allude. Raffael instead of Raphael, etc. The book will pay for itself in service every day. r2zmo. Cloth. 250 pages. $1.50; $1.64, postpaid. Funk & Wagnalls Company, Publishers, 354 Fourth Ave., New York THE (el DERAR YRDI GEST conditions new branches will be established when business activity is resumed. We have not seen the end of the branch factory movement. But it will certainly be less inimical hereafter to fundamental American interests than it has been, and most of the future ventures will be in- dividually sounder and more justifiable from the standpoint of earnings of the branching companies than in the past. Big Steel Sees Better Days AITH being the substance of things hoped for, in the Pauline language, the maintenance of the United Steel Cor- poration's preferred dividend is interpreted by the press as a notable act of faith. It is ''a distinet token of confidence," in the Boston News Bureau's words, '"'in the reality of a betterment still far from robust in its beginnings." It is not true that the Corporation had begun to receive sufficient orders to take it 'out of the red,'"' explains the New York Times: As a matter of fact, the bookings thus far have not been satisfactory. No doubt the corporation has been as- sured that the railroads will place some orders for rails; but the carriers are said to have been disgruntled because the reduc- tion in prices was not larger. Their execu- tives wanted a maximum cut of $8 a ton, which would have made the new rate $35. The principal steel producer was unwilling to accept business at less than $40, against $43 previously. But there is, nevertheless, hope of buying orders in some volume at the adopted figure. The Steel Corporation, in author- izing payment of the regular dividend on preferred stock, was encouraged to believe that general business would begin soon to improve. At any rate, it was willing to risk another $6,000,000 disbursement out of its care- fully husbanded resources in the hope of promoting the business recovery and in the expectation of enlarged business. Tas third quarter of the year ''was palpably a probationary period,' further reflects the Boston News Bureau: That had been made manifest when the chairman had said in July that in view of the previous large inroads into that surplus, it had become "apparent that improvement in business and earnings must in future de- termine dividend action on the preferred stock.'"' Now the record of that third quarter in its financial figures shows in brief that the results were actually a trifle poorer than for the preceding quarter. That showing by itself would seem to support a reputed minority who wanted to pass or cut the 7 per cent. rate. But it was not the whole of the story. Without any new declaration this time as to business or earnings test, there are set forth simply some figures on output, rising from an 11.8 per cent. rate in July to 16.6 per cent. for half of October, and still larger figures for shipments to consumers which likewise rose from 15.7 per cent. in July to 19.1 per cent. the first half of October. The eloquence of those simple statistics was considered adequate in itself If that trend shall now continue, the earnings story may well change also. NOV EMBER meli270 ee Good Bookcase for the price of a good book! $ 3 50 Per Section | With Glass Doors | 1T.GROWS WITH YOUR LIBRARY SECTIONAL BOOKCASE Over 200,000 users. Sectional; never too large or too small; fits odd spaces and grows with your needs. Furnished in different designs, materials and fin- ishes.Sold only on approval direct from factory, assur- ing you permanent source of supply for additional sections and saving you money. Price as illustrat- ed, new Sheraton design, top, base and 3 book sec- tions, in plain oak, $15.00; in quartered oak or hard- wood finished mahogany or walnut, $17.50; genuine mahogany or walnut, $22. Write for Catalog No.22. The C. J. LUNDSTROM MFG. CO., Little Falls, N. Y. Manufacturers of Sectional Bookcases since 1899. New York Showroom, 130 West 42nd St. 'Cheapest, Best German Dictionary of its kind. German-English and English-German. An authority in Germany as well as here. Cassell's German Dictionary. Cloth, 1360 pp. Prepaid $2.68. Thumb-notch index, 75c extra. Full flexible leather, thumb-notch index, $6.00, prepaid. Funk & Wagnalls Company, New York. fie@e@ ConveENIENT GUIDE to GOOD PRODUCTS To help Digest read- ers buy with knowl- edge and with profit, a copy of the Adver- tising Guide will be sent free. It will help you remember the advertisements and recognize nationally- advertised commodi- ties. Jn convenient § order and for quick reference it lists and summarizes the current adver isements in The Digest. It tells you which companies offer free samples, booklets and trial ests, and where to write for information. Send the coupon for a copy of the new edition ADVERTISING GUIDE and check with it when buying. It will save you money. It will protect you against inferior substitutes. Reed in these pages the story of oll the interesting Advertise- ments from the October issues of THE LITERARY DIGEST When you write to an advertiser or visit a local dealer please say that you saw the advertisement in The Literary Digest. This will assure you prompt and courteous attention. The Literary Digest 354 Fourth Avenue, New York City Please send me a free copy of the Advertising Guide. Address..... CORO OO COOO OO OOOCn Occ inininn iniirinininn NOVEMBER 12, 1932 CONTENTS Tue Literary DIGEST % for NOVEMBER 12, 1932 a "Vouusie 114 Number 20 Published at 354. 360 Fourth Avenue v7 oS New York bob + TOPICS OF THE DAY French Blueprints of Peace. .... . . 3 -Hoover's Warning on Armament 5 seneskame Duck's Last Flight "......- + 6 Wheat's Plunge to a 300-Year Low... ... 6 Borah's Giant Pill for an Ailing World 7 Mopessiagprrer ch cyclic ca als sc bmw 2: 8 FOREIGN COMMENT The March of the Jobless on London .... 9 Bolivia-Paraguay Truce Snagged........ 10 Japanese Slams at the League ......... 11 Soviet Russia's New Railroad. ........ 11 Why the "Reds" Thrive in China ...... 12 LETTERS AND ART Whistler's ""Mother'' Revisits Home..... 13 BardscGoineeStronge a wa 2. Re. ck 14 She Remembers Fenimore Cooper ...... 14 PinemMGCOVer rT Sarma dent & oe senses pee 15 Receucine Mr. Shaws is 8 Gun aa oo tee ys 15 RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE The Racial Hue and Cry in Harlem ..... 16 The Chinese Theological Puzzle ....... 17 Egyptian Influence in the Bible........ 18 The End of the Camp-Meeting ........ 18 Gandhi to Save the Goats, Too ....... 18 SCIENCE AND INVENTION The Rise and Fall of Epidemics ....... 19 Perhaps There Were Really Ogres ...... 19 Odd Plant Turns Up-in Texas ........ 20 IMeasies NO miOke= mathe aw s« 5) 2 = | eer ees emt e outs 35 INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE What City Credit Means to the Taxpayer . . 36 After the Branch-Factory Spree .-...... 36 Big Steel Sees Better Days. ...-.....-- 37 MISCELLANEOUS ph euSpicevolubitewin wk) ois seams, sw. he 40 Information for Subscribers Terms: $4.00 a year, in advance; $2.00, six months; 16 cents a copy; Canada, $6.60 a year; $3.30, six months; 15 cents a copy; other foreign countries, $5.00 a year. Semiannual Indexes will be sent free to subscribers who apply for them. Instructions for renewal, discontinuance or change of address should be sent two weeks before the date they are to go into effect. Both old and new ad- dresses must always be given. THE LITERARY DIGEsT title is registered in U. S. Patent Office, and in Foreign Countries. PUBLIC Opinion, New York, and CuRRENT OPINION, New York, combined with THE LirERARY DiGEst. (Titles registered in U. S. Patent Office.) Med TibtROAIRLY DAG ES T ! = \ ail "y, men with BRAINS who OU know you have ability. You Ear: you have ideas. Why, then, do other men, often with far less ability, seem to get "all the breaks''? Have you ever thought about it this way? That, whether we wish to admit it or not, we must all be salesmen. That, no matter how much knowledge a man may have or how many brilliant ideas he may think of, unless he pos- sesses a salesman's ability to paint pictures with words, he will never make other people see what he means; he will never ''put his ideas across"; he will never get other people to do as he wishes. The power that words can give you Your future, and the future of those you love, may depend more than you think upon your ability to explain your ideas with vivid words which exactly express what is in your mind. If you are to be sure of always being able to find such vivid and exact words you must develop a true mastery of English. Only so can you learn how to put your ideas into other people' s minds--and, make no mistake about it, unless you can thus literally lift up your ideas out of your own mind and plant them securely in the minds of others, you cannot hope to make these people see as you do, or act as you want them to act. Be «a master of words To-day you have your destiny in your own hands, because--whoev er you are, and what- ever your walk in life, the little booklet we are offering you will open your eves lo a new world of power and ac hievement--to the most effective use of good English and to the building of a personality that wins. 'never get a break". Stepping-stone to greater success Here is the stepping-stone by which thousands have climbed to greater success. Salesmen-- doctors -- lawyer mer rgymen -- leachers--clerks--business men and women everywhere cheerfully give due credit for the advantages they derived from the Grenville Kleiser Course in English, endorsed by such distinguished people as Booth Tarkington, Mary Roberts Rinehart, Irvin S. Cobb, and thousands of others. Make your spare moments at home golden The Kleiser Course can teach you by mail, in your home, at your own convenience, the power of words, and their most effective use. You will find it marvelously clear, concise. A few minutes aday will soon make your speech, your writing, vastly more effective. You will deveiop an ability to paint pictures with words --to sway people as you never have before. Send for free booklet Write us for '"How To Become a Master of En- glish," an instructive little booklet which we will mail you free. It shows how the Kleiser Course in Practical English will help you to dalk better, write better, win greater success. But a single day's delay may mean that you will forget, or the coupon be lost, and so you may be deprived of your opportunity. JZail the coupon to-dayl ee eee ee . Funk & Wagnalls Company 354 Fourth Ave., New York | Please send me the FREE booklet' "How | to Become a Master of English." No | agents will call. Dept. 1401 | INO Prs oy ORI Fe NLC ely ho MENS Siem iid rene PR choo) me yd ae | Git ben resonance ee SUGUG oe i trae ci THE Pass the Jack-knife.-- The "'home-loan bank'? was the one that baby's pennies.--Cincinnati Enquirer. original held The Ones That Get Away.--'' How are they biting to-day, old man?"' ""On the neck and legs mostly."--Boston Transcript. They Soon Holler '"'Ouch!''--It has been discovered that in giving till it hurts some people are extremely sensitive to pain. --St. Joseph News-Press. Long, Long Trail.-- 'What is your occupation?" "Tt isn't an occupation, it's apursuit. I'ma bill collector." --AmericanM utual Magazine. Running True to Form.-- Proressor Kranz--'' What did you find out about the salivary glands?' Stupe--''I couldn't find out a thing, Professor; they're too darn secretive." --Purple Parrot. Better Meet 'Em Half- way.--''I see the jury ac- quitted the girl who killed her employer, on the ground of insanity." "Yes, and quite right, too. Anybody who kills an employer these days is cer- tainly crazy."--FarmJournal. Dear old soul: P.G;: Their Manners Are.-- Fish Dxeater-- "Lobsters, madam; nice lobsters? Look, they're all alive." Lapy--' Yes, but are they fresh?''-- Boston Transcript. Kissed the Blarney Stone?-- "Return to school I much enjoy," Said little Benny Blatt. The teacher smiled and said: You'll make a diplomat." --Washington Star. '"Dear boy, Jersey Lightning and Then Some.-- "Did you ever taste moonshine whisky?"' "Certainly not,'' replied Unele Bill Bottletop. ''Anybody who can't swal- low fast enough to keep from tastin' it has no business tryin' to drink it."-- Washington Star. Rocking the Baby.--The other day I heard of one of these new pee-wee autos speeding fifty miles an hour on one of our main highways. And every fifty feet the little trinket would hop right up in the air about five feet. A motor cop finally overtook the midget-motor and brought it to a stop. ""What's the big idea of that ear jumpin' that a-way?"' asked the cop. The driver answered: "Why, officer, there's nothing wrong with the ear. You see!--I've got--hic--the hiceups!"'--Santa Fé paper. 40 SPC io (TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S. PATENT OFFICE) Into the Bright Lights.--First Mos- guiro--'Why are you making such a fuss?' Sreconp Drrro--'' Whoopee! the sereen test.'"'--Stray Bits. I passed Mrs. Beaver: Mr. Mud-Turtle.--Mis- TREss--''So your married life was very unhappy? What.was.the trouble? Decem- ber wedded to May?" Cuior Jounson--" Lan' sake, no, mum! It was Labor Day wedded to de hee of --Washington Labor. Rest!"' "Officer, where will | get the No. 9 bus?" "In the small of the back, lady."' --''Everybody's Weekly" Dumb Carelessness.--Mrs. HrigHo-- "Old Jonas Hardscrabble fell plumb off th' roof of his house while he wuz shingling it." Mrs. Wuyso--''Didn't his wife feel awful?'' ""Awful is no name for it--he fell right into her bed of sweet peas."--Brooklyn Eagle. And No Gum-Drops_ Left.--'' Yes," said the cheerful one, telling of a harrowing experience, '"'we had reached the place where we had eaten the last dog." "It must have been terrible!' exclaimed | the fair listener. "Tt was," he said; ''they didn't even have mustard to put on it, and it was at least twenty miles to the next stand."-- Cincinnati Enquirer. Jes' Lies an' Lies.-- The angler lies in wait with hook And line and.rod and reel, And hap at night he brings the cook A bullhead or an eel. --Judge. The angler lies forever at The mercy of the skeeters, Of stinging fly and biting gnat And other blood depleters. --Albany News. The angler lies, but we surmise That this is idle chat. We'll merely say, ''The Angler lies," And let it go at that. -- Boston Transcript. (London) . LIFE Slips That Pass in the Night Brush Up the Old Oaken Bucket. -- Wantrip--Lady to keep house in modern- less home.--Oskaloosa paper. The World's Getting Smaller. -- OBITUARY (Crowded out last week) -- Delaware County (NoY.)) paper: Devil Cake, of Course.--Ernest As- cherman was given a surprize birthday party, last night, by forty fiends. Music and dancing were enjoyed.-- Refreshments were served, including a birthday cake. --Umidentified clipping. She Stoops to Conquer.-- Mrs. Whitney, guarding her- self against the cold in a $5,000 stable coat, distributes campaign literature and shakes hands with house- maids. -- Wisconsin State Journal. It Pays to Kick.--So effec- tive is the relief work carried on by the Welfare Depart- ment of Madera County that the children of indignant parents are apparently better nourished than they ever were before.--Dizxon (Cal.) ' paper. ; 7 Ss: Ons. C. OF C. DIRECTORS ASK (P: Sx@SROsOwKe B. & E. APPLICATION --Dunkirk (N. Y.) Evening Observer. Hot Time in the Old Town. -- ELECTION-DAY SPECIALS! Loaded Shells in leading makes at low prices. Our Special Smokeless Shells at... box 58e Guns and Gunners' needs. --Pottsiown (Pa.) paper. Perpetual Jawbone Motion.-- Great All Day FELLOWSHIP MEETING SUNDAY FREE MEALS Served Between Meals --Glendale (Calif.) News Press. Three of a Kind Beat a Pair.-- DAISY and VIOLET HILTON SIAMESE TWINS Born Joined Together plus JOHNNY PERKINS --Ad in the Omaha World-Herald. Spreading the Message.--The prayer- meeting of the Philathea class of the Grace Church will be on Saturday, October 22, at 2:00 P. M. Bridge, five hundred, and euchre are on the program. Prizes will be awarded, and refreshments will be served. Everyone is cordially invited. -- Waukegan (ll.) paper. Eg ee neat Scrzenririe Discovery !" ARS{ F this picturesque old medicine fakir -- oe NY 4 uy) Dy were to come back to your town to- night, all his glittering promises and persuasive oratory would not get him much business. Most people nowadays are too enlightened to be taken in by his kind of "quick-cure-for-a-dollar" talk. What a contrast between the sales-bally- hoo of the old-time "medicine man" and the thoughtful, scientific study which the true phy- sician gives each case! Healing the sick will never be a simple, easy task. Your physician has to deal with the most complex and wonderful machine in the world--the human body. He must be able to detect and identify signs and symp- toms which show why this intricate mechanism is not working properly. He must be familiar with the latest ] =I & approved methods of relieving pain and curing disease. He is admirably equipped for these exacting duties. His experience in medical school, clinic, hospital, and daily practice enables him to render expert professional service. And yet, something else is needed, something which the patient and his family can contribute--and that is, implicit confidence in the physician and hearty codp- eration with him. Do not become impatient if your doctor fails to recognize the cause of your trouble immediately. Do not object if he wishes to give you additional diag- nostic tests. Do not be surprised if he is conservative in his promises regarding the time it will take for full recovery. In fairness both to yourself and to your doctor, get the full benefit of his knowledge and skill. Follow his advice. Work with him. PARKE, DAVIS & CQO. THE WORLD'S LARGEST MAKERS OF PHARMACEUTICAI AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS The thrifty answer to. . May | drain that Summer-worn oil 2" At this time of the year Texaco attendants, following car manu- facturers' recommendations, ask you if they may drain the ''sum- mer-worn'' oil from the crankcase of your engine. They realize that burned-out bearings, scored cylinder walls and a host of other engine diseases are the direct results of careless, improper lubrication. They know that oil is cheaper than new en- THE TEXAS COMPANY gine parts and repair bills. That's why every Texaco man will tell you that weakened ''summer- worn'' oil belongs anywhere but in the crankcase of your engine. Drain it off. Fill with the right grade of Crack-Proof Texaco, the golden oil that resists top engine temperatures yet flows freely at zero. Then listen to an engine ready today for the colder weather tomorrow. Texaco Petroleum Products DRAIN" FILL LISTEN TEXACO CRACK=:PROOF motor oiL COPYRIGHT, 1932, THE TEXAS COMPANY WALD DALIDI SG DET ET ATTAIN TIS For those who prefer a 100% paraffin base oil The New WAX F R E E HAVO LI N E --premium-priced and worth it! us NUM Ne MRD UN