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CONTENTS
THE LITERARY DIGEST for OCTOBER 22, 1932
Voxtume 114 Numser 17
Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue
New York
ce Gs GD
TOPICS OF THE DAY
The Coolidge Boost for Hoover ....... 5 After the Lytton Report--What?....... 7 The Hoover Gold Story Row. ........ 7 Tammany's Man Up for Mayor........ 8 All America Now Matches in the Digest Poll . 9 Topics if Brief ee Pee cece enero aes 11
FOREIGN COMMENT
The Soviet Outlook on Disarmament ... . 12 Japan as a Shaky Big Business ........ 13 Indian Women Want Full Equality ..... 14
LETTERS AND ART
The Screen Laughs at Itself .......... 15 An Academy for Irish Letters ......... 16 The: Govercan ey. See srr ee rtp ese lee 16 Mi: Hooverias Readeticmsrtay «oreo oe 17
RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE
-A New Battle-Cry for Missions ........ 18 MisstonariessassW/otkers 1) cane) aurea oe 19 Mexico's Religious War Renewed ...... 19 Shawsie:Shofat-Blastaaeememarenen ce ascii eane 20
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Detecting-Eiats'*.. 4. wasn 6 pe eee 22 Mental Tests for Motorists ........ eee? Dams That Stood an Eatthquake....... 24 Mental "Activity inmOream sme ie inne nem 24 What Short-Wave Radiations Do for Us . . 26 Trapping Crooks With Knots......... 26 Drowning fromyDizzinesss =. yee 27 Negroes Growing Lighter ........... 27)
PERSONAL GLIMPSES Light 50,000,000 Candles for Night Golf . . 28
Wadvlike sPains im the Neck... . sh eee 30 A High-Flying Style Show for Alaskan Belles . 31 VenusideyMilosator@rder 21s aici eee 32
INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE
Certain Essentials of Prosperity ........ 38 MISCELLANEOUS Odd Things Turn Up in Reaping a Digest Presidential @Ollgmaa ses te ee 33 (hes Spicesotlitecnicrs .. aaa een ae 40
Information for Subscribers
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WILLIAM NEISEL, Secretary, 354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. London Office, 14 Salisbury Square. Printed in the U.S. A. Entered as second- class matter, March 24, 1890, at the Post-Office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. Additional Entry at Chicago, Ill., and Columbus, O. Entered as second-class matter at the Post-Office ' Department, Ottawa, Canada.
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THE LITERARY DIPGEow O'S T O BIER] A2t2 Eee orrz
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The Literary Digest
NEW YORK, OCTOBER 22, 1932
TOPICS OF THE DAY The Coolidge Boost for Hoover
SOBERLY DREST GENTLEMAN, in a beautifully- cut long-tailed coat and pin-striped trousers, lean of figure, with thin face, long nose, high forehead, and
thinning sandy hair looked on in grim silence as 19,000 people in Madison Square Garden burst into roars of applause as he rose to address them.
Then his thin lips twisted into a wry grin as he took his gold watch from his pocket and held it aloft to the cheering thousands in silent reminder that they were just wasting the expensive radio time which was be- ing paid for by the Repub- lican National Committee.
And waste was always something which the gen- tleman on the platform could not endure.
The audience subsided, and Mr. Calvin Coolidge of Plymouth, Vermont, and Northampton, Massa- chusetts, the only living ex-President of the United States, put on his. glasses and began to read his speech from his prepared manuscript.
And all over the coun- try hundreds of thousands of listeners in their far- seattered homes again heard over the radio that unmistakable character- istic Yankee twang which
Copyright by International
*'President Hoover is a Leader"'
than the aristocratic Roosevelt, and his conclusion that the Democratic course in Congress proved the Democratic party's unfitness for national leadership.
Democratic papers, on the other hand, scoff at the Coolidge arguments as lacking originality, warmth, and consistency.
Of course, space fails to permit any reproduction of the detailed debate on the points made by Mr. Coolidge.
And, perhaps, at this stage of the campaign, the real interest hinges on the question, did the Coolidge speech materially brighten Herbert Hoover's chanees for reelection?
WRoartrucan National Committee Chairman Everett Sanders, and his chief assistant Senator Felix Hebert of Rhode Island, both come right out and predict that the Coolidge address actually assures the President's success at the polls. Re- publican editors are not quite so positive. But even Democrats admit that the voice of Calvin Coolidge makes a differ- ence. As the Dallas News (Dem.) puts it, the New York address ''will un- doubtedly help Mr. Hoo- ver for the simple reason that the Coolidge name
for six and a half years Calvin Coolidge ''on the stump' for Herbert Hoover. is still one to conjure they had associated with' with."' The address the official utterances of the occupant of the White House. should ''improve greatly the Republican outlook,' declares
It was, of course, one of the red-letter days of the campaign. It was the ex-President's most important public appearance since his return to private life and semiretirement.
Bor the point is, did Calvin Coolidge's plea for the reelection of his successor in the White House accomplish anything?
Even outside of Republican circles it was freely admitted that the appearance of so popular a figure among the Republican spellbinders was a stimulant. According to George Van Slyke of the New York Sun, President Hoover's campaign for re- election at once took on new life and energy. Party leaders were stirred to new zeal, and at Republican National Head- quarters ''there were smiles and cheer where gloom has ruled for weeks."
Republican editors repeat Mr. Coolidge's praise of the Hoover leadership, his argument for the protective tariff, his declaration that the Republicans have not been ignoring 'the ordinary run of people," his assertion that Governor Roosevelt has impeded recovery by failing to make a stand against the bonus, his impli- cation that the self-made Hoover is closer to the common people
the Boston Herald (Rep.). In the Iowa city where President Hoover made his great appeal to the farmers, the Des Moines Register (Rep.) says that his chances ''are certainly improved by the thorough-going endorsement that his predecessor throws in.' Coolidge's recommendation of Hoover, asserts the Denver Post (Ind.), ''will influence many doubtful voters." 'The American has an old custom of thinking twice before he votes,"' reflects the Tulsa Tribune (Ind. Dem.):
"After Hoover spoke at Des Moines, the American voter thought for the first time in this campaign.
"Calvin Coolidge gave the voter his second real thought. With honest humor Coolidge gave the turned tide a driving energy.
""The Lirerary Dicest poll registers the preferences of weeks ago before thinking started. They have since materially changed.
"Coolidge was convincing. Hoover was convincing.
"The more the people measure Roosevelt's words the more hollow and meaningless they sound. Roosevelt now loses by every talk he makes. A few more Hoover or Coolidge speeches will leave the Democrats' little Lord Fauntleroy right where he belongs--on his Hyde Park ancestral estate."'
Outon the Pacific coast, the pro-Roosevelt, formerly Republican,
6 THE LITERARY 2D CGE
ess /| ti BEGINNING TO FEEL LIKE | / A NEW MAN, ¢ |
ce ae 1; WHAT HE (IEEDS [| \5 SEVERAL;
OPERATIONS /:
7 iT is ek 6 aN
re Se
Why Change Doctors Now? --Elderman in the Washington ''Post."'
OCTOBER 22-4 s2 PEGS eae PR OW "Ger our! » SAN, i You've PRACTICED ON ME THREE / s os } YEARS, AND NEITHER OF US / 2 (HAS GOT_ANY Lae
It Seems the Patient Desires a Change! --Alley in the Memphis ''Commercial Appeal."
OPPOSITE IDEAS OF DOCTOR HOOVER
Seattle Times says that when Coolidge spoke for Hoover, he ''decided how vast numbers of persons would cast their ballots next month.'"' The Republican party, argues the Portland Oregonian (Rep.), needed a voice other than the Presi- dent's which would be listened to nationally in assertion of Mr. Hoover's leadership; ''the need has been supplied by the voice of Mr. Coolidge.'"' Now, it concludes, any voter who ''determines solely to register blind resentment against hard times must, it seems to us, enter the polling booth with a secret sense of shame."'
Alin, now, let us notice some of the less enthusiastic comment from the Democratic side. While the Coolidge speech is '' calmly persuasive," it is not, so the Atlanta Constitution (Dem.) insists, "of the type calculated to go far toward pulling the Republican chestnuts out of the fire of country-wide disapproval of the sins of omission and commission of the Republican Administration." Mr. Coolidge simply presents the old Republican arguments for old Republican policies--" policies which the handwriting on the political wall indisputably proves are slated for overwhelm- ing repudiation by the electorate in the November elections."
"Mr. Coolidge was not launching a great effort to keep the Republicans at Washington," comments the Birmingham Age- Herald (Dem.); "it is clear that nothing which he offered in his oral performance will stir a fever in the blood of age or make the infant sinews strong as steel." Mr. Coolidge, as the Omaha World-Herald (Ind.) understands it, 'was redeeming his promise to make a speech for Hoover,' and ''he was redeeming it as cheaply as possible with the least expenditure of thought, of research, and initiative."
The New York Times (Ind. Dem.) takes the same line about the speech. It was not ''caleulated to dispel Republican gloom; there was nothing in it to fill his audience with a frenzy of hope and delight."" The Times was conscious of a ''plaintive and half- apologetic note which was struck again and again" in the speech, and yet it admits that Mr. Coolidge did somewhat stimulate the Republican campaign in the Kast. There is still magic in his name--"'if, like the Apostle, he is in oratory and presence weak, a certain glamour still attaches to whatever he says or does."'
When the Baltimore Sun says 'the long-heralded speech is a normal product of the Coolidge mind,' it is just about the
severest criticism that this pro-Roosevelt independent newspaper ean think of. And it concludes:
"To drag this trivial man from the grateful shades of North- ampton, and to drape upon his shrunken stature the robes of
statesmanship, that he may solemnly tell his threadbare story to the American people, is to touch the extreme of tragicomedy."
In the New York speech of October 11, ex-President Coolidge told his fellow countrymen that no Government could prevent the depression. He made a stout argument for the Republican tariff policy. In reply to the charge that ''President Hoover lacks leadership," he declared that in spite of promises of con- structive programs by party leaders, the Democratic party during the last session of Congress failed to bring forward any such program. He appealed to history:
'The defeat of the Democratic greenback eraze and the free- silver issue were both followed by periods of prosperity under Republican Administrations. The assurance that the pending Democratic raids on the Treasury would be defeated by a Republican victory in November would, no doubt, have the same effect in reviving all kinds of business.
'"'An early and timely word from the Democratic candidate for President, that he would reject the proposal to increase the na- tional debt by $2,300,000,000 to pay a bonus would have been a great encouragement to business, reduced unemployment, and guaranteed the integrity of the national credit. While he re- mained silent, economic recovery was measurably impeded."
W irs apparent reference to the ''forgotten-man" idea, Mr. Coolidge denied that the Republican party was forgetful of ''the common run of people." In the Administration's reconstruction program, ''the power of the resources of the United States Gov- ernment has been marshaled to support the credit of the key concerns of our economic structure, always for the purpose of serving the ordinary run of people."
After a brief and highly laudatory summary of Mr. Hoover's career, as a self-made man and servant of the people, Mr. Coolidge came to the climactic sentences of his address:
"Tf initiating proposals and securing their adoption constitutes leadership, President Hoover is a leader. If saving the country
from one impending disaster after another provides any basis for gratitude, President Hoover is entitled to gratitude.
"TThe more this campaign has progressed the more I am con- vinced that the public welfare requires that he should be reelected."
OGPOBER 22°2)579);3 2
After the Lytton Report--What?
HEY'VE "TOLD JAPAN to halt and retreat in 100,000 words."
So says the New York Daily News, calling the report of the five men composing the League of Nations Manchurian commission ''a grim joke."
"Now that the League has told Japan to get out of Man- churia,"' says this paper, '"'and Japan has said 'to hell with that noise' in diplomatic language, who is going to throw Japan out?" Then:
"Judging from the poverty and war-weariness of the League's other members, it seems likely that the United States will be elected to do that job.
"Secretary of State Stimson will be told by. the European diplomats that he owes it to humanity to bring economic pressure to bear against Japan. Mr. Stimson will believe that. And economic pressure will lead to war, as it always does if applied long enough."
How about the League, sug- gests The Daily News, '' busying itself next with the task of telling the ocean just how far it may roll up on the shore?"'
Bor such comment does not _ predominate in the American press. There is much praise here for the Lytton report, which holds that Japanese forces should be withdrawn and Manchuria made autonomous under Chinese sovereignty, but that Japanese interests there should be recog- nized. An analysis of the report, together with comment on it by the British, French, Chinese, and Japanese press, was given in our last issue.
Many of our papers find that the report upholds our policy of the ''open door"' and supports Mr. Stimson's stand in refusing to sanction any violation of the Nine-Power treaty or the Kellogg-Briand peace pact. Washington will make no official statement, the correspondents tell us, but is content to wait to see what action the League will take on the Manchurian report next month.
"Nhe Lytton report is one of the ablest documents on a puzzling international situation that has ever been issued," declares The New Republic. ''It is a fine example of the best potentialities of the League of Nations."
"Japan has edged herself into isolation,'' explains the Boston
Daily Globe:
'Her saber-rattling militarists have their backs to the wall. It is by no means certain that they will continue indefinitely in that intractable mood. The weight of all circumstances is against them. To the opposition of China and the League, hitherto, are added the opposition of American policy and of the Lytton Commission Report.
"Tf the rest of the world will but stand firmly and imperturb- ably on its principles, letting time take its course, Japan's domestic financial and social disaster (which is growing) and her failure to pacify Manchuria will do the rest.
'"'If Geneva pursues a course of solidarity and restraint, and if Mr. Stimson, his contentions vindicated, does the same in unison with the League, the joy-ride of the militarists at Tokyo will end. The crucial question is: will this tactic be followed? Dirithisn3 = oF. 31'
Wala ey (LA TWERyACR2Y, Dil GE-S:T
It Seems to Have Been the Cow's Idea --Harper in the Birmingham ''Age-Herald."'
The Hoover Gold Story Row
OW NEAR DISASTER was the country a few months ago? Were we on the very edge of the abyss of financial chaos, or a safe mile away?
On the edge, avers President Hoover in his Des Moines speech, telling how close we came, as he says, to going off the gold standard.
""Poppyeock!"' shriek his Democratic foes, charging him with trotting out a bogy man to win the election.
And so another fiery political controversy flares up. It rages all down the line. Republican spokesmen of all degrees are
29 stoutly backing up Mr. Hoover's now ont} version of how the Administra- [WON HERE? | tion fought and won a major
-- otal battle of the depression by keep- ' 2 ing us on the gold standard. And the Democrats are harpoon- ing the whole story with lusty lunges of ridicule.
Tronieally, European "raids'' on the dollar are re- ported after the President tells how near disaster we were. They are attributed in the press to timidity and misapprehen- sion on the part of foreigners who thought that Mr. Hoover was referring to the present instead of toa crisis safely passed. But assurances from Washington on the strength of the dollar are said to have dissipated this fear, and the inflow of gold to this country, which began last June, is expected to continue
new
undiminished. Turning to the cause of all the commotion, we quote one of the strongest sections of the President's Des Moines speech:
"These drains [foreign withdrawals and domestic hoarding] had at one moment reduced the amount of gold we could spare for current payments to a point where the Secretary of the Treasury informed me that unless we could put into effect a remedy, we could not hold to the gold standard but two weeks longer because of inability to meet the demands of foreigners
and our own citizens for gold. ''Being forced off the gold standard in the United States meant utter chaos. Never was our nation in greater peril."
What the Administration decided to do, he added, was to make changes in the Federal Reserve System, expand credit, strengthen the Federal land banks and all other mortgage in- stitutions, lend to the farmers for production, protect the insur- ance companies, the building and loan associations, the savings banks, the country banks, ''and every other point of weakness."
Bye all this is too much for the small, spare, peppery Senator Carter Glass of Virginia, sponsor of the Glass-Steagall bill which released gold by modifying the Federal Reserve act. From his sick-bed he wires a hot rejoinder to the New York Times:
'Tf any such fantom disturbed the mind of the President or any of his advisers, they withheld the fact from those of us with whom they profest to be in frank and unconcealed discussion on vital legislative measures.
"They even gave repeated assurances that they did not antici- pate any necessity whatsoever for using Section 3 of the Glass- Steagall bill, declaring that they only wanted it enacted as a psychological notice to France that she could 'withdraw the
8 THE Ul TVERARY! DIRGESH
balance of her ear-marked gold and go to hell with it.' Unhap- pily these and kindred assurances were not kept."
Next, Senator James EH. Watson, Republican leader, jumps into the argument. Reminding Senator Glass of a ''two-hour confidential conference of Senate leaders, including Senator Glass, called in February of last winter by the President, together with officials of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve System and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation," he declares that--
"Tn that conference the President and those gentlemen urged the great gravity of the situation and the necessity for immediate
Wide World ;
Starting "Old Battering Ram"
That's what they call Surrogate John P. O'Brien, Tammany's choice for Mayor. Here he is being congratulated by the man who picked him, Tammany leader John F. Curry. Left to right-- John H. McCooey, Democratic leader of Brooklyn; Mr. Curry;
Edward J. Flynn, Bronx leader; Mr. O'Brien, and David S. Rendt, Richmond leader.
enactment of the legislation reeommended by the President for extension of authority to the Federal Reserve System to enable them to prevent imminent jeopardy to the gold standard in the United States."
But Senator Glass hits back again. ''I very distinetly recall every detail of that conference," he says, ''at which not one word was uttered as to the jeopardy of the gold standard in the United States."
The ''imminent jeopardy'? mentioned by Senator Watson "had reference to the domestic banking situation and to the fran- tic withdrawl of deposits for hoarding purposes."
""No such disaster threatened,"' Mr. Glass insists, ''and any statement to the contrary at this time is merely a preelection hoax."
"
PA coterie: untrue" is the Hoover statement, declares former Senator James A. Reed of Missouri, giving the Democratic reply in the same city where the President spoke.
Whatever one thinks of this controversy, ''the gold crisis is so long past,'' says David Lawrence, Washington correspondent, "that it now can be discust as one of the big battles of the de- pression which turned into a substantial victory for America.'' He tells us in an article copyrighted by the Consolidated Press Association:
"The whole episode will for a long time no doubt be a subject of academic study, and while it may never be proved whether America would or would not have been forced off the gold stand- acd, the fact remains that it was a tight place, and the Govern-
ment was able to survive the crisis and come through in a stronger gold position than any other nation."
OCT OBER 2-22) i oisez
-Tammany's Man Up for Mayor
HE TURMOIL AND TORMENT of New York City's political situation suddenly crystallizes into solid events-- "Old Battering Ram" O'Brien, running for Tammany, plows ahead to capture the mayoralty nomination. The dapper James J. Walker dances out of the political picture, abandoning his hopes for a '"'vindication campaign"' this fall. Bulldog-jawed Mayor Joseph V. McKee, ''budget-buster, "' sidesteps a proposal to fight independently for the job he got when Walker quit during his hearing before Governor Roosevelt. To battle the Tiger, New York Republicans nominate the seventy-one-year-old Lewis H. Pounds of Brooklyn, former Borough President and once State Treasurer.
Or chief interest to the nation, of course, is the effect these events may have upon the Presidential campaign.
"Tf Mr. Roosevelt fails to carry New York,' writes David Lawrence in a copyrighted dispatch to the Washington Evening Star, '"'it will not be because of the Walker affair and the New York mayoralty controversy--"'
'"'Gotham's mayoralty situation has cleared the skies for the National ticket so that Tammany and Roosevelt can work in ostensible harmony.
"The withdrawal of former Mayor Walker has saved a bitter factional fight. It has not healed the sores of the Roosevelt- Walker combat, and undoubtedly many friends of Walker will cast their secret ballots for Hoover out of resentment against the Governor. But the bulk of Tammany's vote will be cast for the Democratic ticket."
Mr. Roosevelt's chances have been marred, so some Republi- can papers profess to believe, but most Democratic papers con- sider his cause advanced in the State by this ''smoothing out" of the tangled mayoralty situation.
In the metropolis itself, some papers praise Tammany's choice of Mr. O'Brien for Mayor. But others call him a '"' Tammany wheelhorse,'' and fear that the budget slashing begun by Mr. MeKee will come to nothing if Mr. O'Brien is elected.
Ty was a court decision that threw the political machine into high-speed.
Twenty thousand Democratie delegates gathered in a nominat- ing convention in Madison Square Garden a few hours after the Court of Appeals ruled that a special election must be held.
Mr. McKee thus lost the court action brought in his behalf to permit him to serve out the Walker term, ending January 1, 1934.
Surrogate John P. O'Brien was put forward by Tammany leader John F. Curry, and accepted by all the other Democratic leaders, including Edward J. Flynn, Roosevelt ally and sponsor of Mr. McKee.
He was nominated by acclamation after Mr. Walker radioed from shipboard his desire to withdraw ''rather than jeopardize the hopes of Democracy in the nation,'' since he could not run without attacking Governor Roosevelt for his ''unfair'' trial.
The convention adopted a resolution offered by Mr. Curry which pledged support to the party's National and State tickets.
Telling us that Mr. O'Brien has acquired the affectionate nicknames of "'Old Battering Ram"' and ''Old Machine Gun," the New York Daily Mirror says of him that:
"A lawyer of outstanding ability, there is no man in the city . better qualified to carry on the progressive program launched by former Mayor Walker."
On the other hand the New York World-Telegram points out:
"Anyhow, two good things have come out of the mayoralty mess: uh Complete and final elimination of James J. Walker. 2. Concentration upon Tammany leader John F. Curry of responsibility for any continued blocking of the economy program, which is this city's urgent and major need."
Ce NOdsubye 232) 9 SD
ieee aba VARY © DAGE ST.
All America Now Marches in the "'Digest'' Poll
WINGING INTO LINE from ocean to ocean, every State of the forty-eight here debouches into the column of the great national round-up.
That column, in the center of the big tabulation on this page, now contains fifty names.
It has reached its limit. And now the poll gets into its stride!
Forty-eight plus two. The District of Columbia has no voice in a national election, but it has in a Lirprary Diasst poll. That's only fair--a slight compensation for the disfranchisement that goes with permanent residence in the National Capital. And the fiftieth name at the foot of the column is that of our habitual uninvited guest, State Unknown, who always crashes the gate at a Dieusr poll because some thousands of ballots are not marked with the name of any State.
Over two-and-a-half million ballots are divided among those fifty names.
Mouth-filling names, from Alabama to Wyoming, eloquent of far-flung plains and mountains, myriad-branched rivers, foaming cataracts, storm-swept coasts, smiling homes, golden harvests, and swarming cities.
Aw are intent on declaring their will in advance of the election, and thus ending the nation's suspense as to who will be chosen on that approaching day of destiny, November 8, after three years of the obstinate depression.
What, then, is their will, as nearly as it can be deciphered from the figures here assembled?
Our tabulation, incomplete as it is, gives an enormous sample
of the country's voting strength. It represents the present moment, more than two weeks before Election Day. The sample is growing like a snowball, and public opinion may change as it grows. But here are the existing high lights.
Hoover has seven States, Roosevelt has forty-one.
Hoover has 57 Electoral votes in sight, Roosevelt has 474.
Hoover has a popular vote of 973,367, Roosevelt has a popular vote of 1,473,446.
Such is the thunder of the voices of the States in this suspen- sive moment of history.
But don't forget that the ballots are still rolling in!
As usual, some of the twenty million men and women who received ballots will hold them till the eleventh hour, watching for expected revulsions of popular feeling, anxious not to be left out of the ''band-wagon vote."
Tarr know, perhaps, that the Republican leaders are counting on some bright gleam from the sun of prosperity darting through the clouds before November 8, cheering up everybody and mak- ing the whole country think twice about changing Presidents at such an electric moment.
On the other hand they may be imprest by the premature crowing of their Democratic neighbors over what may seem to them the signs of a Roosevelt landslide.
And so these last-minute balloters, who would feel themselves wrong if they were not with the majority, may spring some surprizes on us. Professional political prophets would like to know how they will jump, if they jump at all. For the prophets
THE LITERARY DIGEST 1932 PRESIDENTIAL POLL
HOOVER
How the same Voters voted in the 1928 Presidential Election
Did Not Vote
Farm Soc. Com. Proh. Lab. Lab. Soc.
= tras
| !
ALABAMA 9 'ARIZONA
nN
CIA bre Lele leony! | Pid] ele) i oli tli | it emet titi tied
DELAWARE .
GEORGIA Ipano ILLINOIS
KANSAS KENTUCK Y LovulIsiANa MAINE MARYLAND
MINNESOTA
New York
OxIO OKLAHOMA OREGON
to
TENNESSEE
WISCONSIN WYOMING
af 2 2 2 1 iy 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 1
[PAU eye T We of st PS West et 381 Wart Sun fet TUS Pa MAG RD ote MC a Fs) Wem Sil HG ana) Ue eal Aas FU LS aS Gal WY Tat fist i So 2 a
1,509 9,644 1,577
25 319 784,502 59,429 973,367
GAIN) ReN |] OF ER] | ONNONKRA|1 D]NERO!] OR ONK | NONAMODWRRN |] WWNRe
SS lh stl Th Meter teeth ie eet (bt iete Wh th, Wea ae Svat thE) (De lege Teasleuel vor
128,941 25 114
ARKANSAS ..:...
CONNECTICUT ...
Dist. or Cou. ..: HWLO RIDA cori...
VOWS ctr iak bons
MASSACHUSETTS . MICHIGAN......
MISSISSIPPI .... MISSOURI.......
New HaAmpsHIRreE New JERSEY .... New Mexico...
NortH CAROLINA NortH Daxora. :
PENNSYLVANIA .. Ruyope® Isuanp .. SouTH CAROLINA. SoutH DAKOTA ..
VEG GUNA a age ce) oun WASHINGTON .... West VIRGINIA ..
Sratr UNKNOWN.
ROOSEVELT
How the same Voters voted in the 1928 Presidential Election 1932 Total Vote Soe. so far ) ' Soc. Lab.
16,176 4,421 14,448. 130,880
Farm Lab.
Electoral
ac) as S = Q
1) @Wlormei| tl lene] |
NeNwooe | | ll} eROol ll ~} 1) tL ewoltel | | weoatt ! 3
_ WI ONO] PRE NNWNNRER IT Ele] Ole l
on
w
oO So wl ort] | tle tl |) Pp eee! 1 OTe!) Piel ane] 1 1
OL IPoapeRrwanrbrnac| | Kc _
16,866 2,798 42,042 11,331 4,278 39,523
wo
Gero
--
oo NINN] Oe] 11) ll | ae oo] | Mew] | Ree
-- iw) Peed | PIR PPI ®lLIOlINIbl leet | aowin
b
_ Orw nor
NTI) Oli eel wl |wnwlel wl itil ieinel ill a
i) me oo
7,007
218,073
26,827
sa 0 fo-)
706,985
a _ --
531 1,473,446 545,997
10 THE: Lol TER AGRY tDAGreo a
are straining their eyes at every sign, even the mackerel in the Theda Roe Saco River. That's a (938 ee Maine superstition. The
New Yorker relates it thus:
tinker
ALABAMA
ARIZONA
PAIR IGAN SAG eyelets ee one CALIFORNIA
"A friend who lives down in Biddeford, Maine, has written us that the day after Maine elected a Democratic Governor there was a run of tinker mackerel in the Saco River. Natives in that region say that the mack- erel run in the river only in Democratic years, and of course there was high excitement in Saco circles to discover the legend veri- fied. What with a total eclipse of the sun, a Demo- cratic Governor, and a run of mackerel in the Saco, it has beena season of strange natural phenomena down Kast."
EUEINOSe: tones INDIANA
LOUISIANA INDAIN. At. MARYLAND.... MASSACHUSETTS MIcHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI Missouri
New HAMpPsHIRE.... New JERSEY
New Mexico..\..... NEW? YORK. . 2: 2okee NortrH CAROLINA... NortH DakotTa
PENNSYLVANIA Ruope Isranp SourH CAROLINA.... SoutH DaKxoTa TENNESSEE
Reavers who fish for new names in our middle column will find a dozen. The first débutante is the District of Columbia, and next to her comes Florida. Then we pick out Mary- land, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Okla- homa, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming. The tail of the procession is "State Unknown."
By coincidence or fatality, every one of the twelve is for Roose- velt, at this stage of the balloting. The State of Washington is notable for the great excess of former Republicans in its Roose- velt total--12,499 of them,. to 8,940 Democrats. Of course there's nothing to show how many of these 'Republicans'"' were Hoover Democrats of '28, and how many are ''normal"'
'WASHINGTON West VIRGINIA WISCONSIN
SrarrE UNKNOWN....
Totals 12%,235
Republicans whom the depression, mayhap, has alienated from
their party.
The most imposing Roosevelt majority, of course, is that of Texas, which gives him 69,461 ballots against 13,972 for Hoover. And Missouri evidently thinks that Roosevelt has "'shown"' her something, for she gives him 57,959 of this week's ballots, with only 31,333 for Hoover. In the 1928 election, Missouri gave Hoover 834,080 against 662,562 for Smith. The figures for Texas, by the way, were, 367,036 for Hoover and 341,032 for Smith.
Our arithmetical readers will figure out that Hoover's percent- age of the 2,617,185 Diaxst ballots is 37.19, while Roosevelt's is 56.30. The balance is mopped up by the minors. Hoover's percentage last week was 39.39, Roosevelt's was 53.54.
A clarion note of encouragement for the Hoover forces is sounded by the Duluth News-Tribune, which exclaims:
"Republicans have no reason to be discouraged by the polls of voters now being taken by newspapers and magazines, notably by Tue Lirprary Digest, especially when these straws are considered in connection with the fact that, after all is said, there is a large Republican majority in this country. All things con- sidered, the people prefer Republican to Democratic rule. When this is departed from, there is always some special reason.
"This poll so far shows losses to the Republican party west of the Alleghanies, and gains in New England, New York, and New Jersey. This is to be expected. Those Eastern States fear
MINOR CANDIDATES
Coxey
O:GrT,_ O'BLESR 62425, ea
a Garner-McAdoo régime, and there are not a few there who feel that Smith was treated unfairly.
''A surprize in the fig- ures shows Pennsylvania favorable to Roosevelt at present. This will not be so in November. The Keystone State will prob- ably give Hoover a quar- ter of a million to spare. The Roosevelt drift in the upper Mississippi Valley will not continue, nor will it bring any of these former Republican States into the Roosevelt column. Tens of thousands of vot- ers in such States as Min- nesota, South Dakota, Towa, and Nebraska, who now seem to be on the fence, will be for Hoover at election time."
Brave words these! But Democratic writers hotly dispute the bland assumption that the coun- try is ''normally'' Repub- lican, and that the De- mocracy gains power only when something is wrong. Both assertion and denial have been bandied about in this campaign.
Foster Miscellaneous 1932 1932 Votes Votes.
Upshaw 1932 Votes
1932
Votes Totals
3,864 11,902
A Universal Service dis- patch from Washington cites the figures of our third tabulation to support the contention that the poll of the Hearst press, which began in the middle of August, has not "'ex- aggerated the Roosevelt strength." The dispatch, which we find in the New York American, runs on:
13,469 12,302
"Tue DicEst in its current issue prints figures for twenty States. These show 404,992 ballots for Governor Roosevelt and 325,845 for President Hoover. The 730,837 ballots reduced to a percentage basis divide 55 per cent. for Roosevelt and 45 per cent. for Hoover.
"The Hearst newspapers' poll returns from the same twenty States show Roosevelt drawing 130,375 and Hoover 113,084. The 243,459 total from these States divides 54 per cent. for Roosevelt and 46 for Hoover.
"The twenty States include four from the solidly Democratic cotton belt of the South, where there is no question of their going for Roosevelt. Eliminating these four States, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina, the Diaxsr poll shows a total of 708,826 Hoover-Roosevelt ballots from the remaining sixteen. These divide 385,949 for Roosevelt and 322,876 for Hoover, a percentage division of 54 for Roosevelt and 46 for Hoover.
'"The same sixteen States in the Hearst newspapers' poll have returned 232,587 ballots, Roosevelt drawing 120,504 and Hoover 112,083. This is a percentage division of 52 for Roosevelt and 48 for Hoover.
"The sixteen States are California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hamp- shire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
"In every instance, the poll replies in the Drexsr tabulation from the sixteen States accord Roosevelt a higher percentage of the ballots than he receives in the returns of the Hearst poll. Tur DicEsr goes even further by giving Roosevelt the lead in three States where the Hearst newspapers' poll shows Hoover ahead. These are New York, Ohio, and Colorado.
"The Hearst poll gives Colorado to Hoover by 52 per cent. The DicEst figures give it to Roosevelt by 56. The Hearst poll gives New York to Hoover by 52 per cent. The Digest ballots place it to Roosevelt's favor by 52."
{Poll news continued on page 33}
"want to get rid of Prohibition."
OCTOBER 2251932
gt we eR AR Y= Dl GEST 11
TOPICS IN BRIEF
Tue chicken in every pot has come home to roost.--Louisville Courier-Journal.
RicuEs have wings, but they completely lack the homing instinet.--Arkansas Gazette.
A NUMBER of business mergers have turned out to be submergers.--Atlanta Journal.
THE two agencies used to redistribute great fortunes are taxation and offspring. -- Muskogee Phenix.
THE suspicion grows that we did a little too much for posterity when we did its spending --Roanoke World-News.
SensING the true spirit of the times, Hungary has sent Mr. Nickl to an international economic eonference.-- Boston Herald.
'
"THe Americans,' we are told, A bargain; hardly been used at all. --Punch (London).
HAy-FEVER cures are consistent, anyway. It isn't a fever and isn't eaused by hay and they don't cure it--San Francisco Chronicle.
Tue bonus raid seems a dreadful thing to nice men who sold the Government $10 articles at $640 dur- ing the war.-- Waco News-Tribune.
Ir all these groups being organ- ized to help the railroads will only ride on the trains and pay full fare, the roads may be saved.-- Miami Herald.
Ir does seem a shame, since Ger- many is too poor to pay her debts, to deny her the right to spend a few billion for armament.-- Eugene (Ore.) Guard.
In the meantime the French seem to have grave suspicions that Ger- many isn't planning a new conscript army for the purpose of sending the boys out to pick daisies.-- Chicago Daily News.
InstEAD of writing any more reprimands to Japan, the League of Nations could save a lot of time by just putting on a phonograph record.--San Diego Union.
Proressor BrRAMER announces that mosquitoes have a wonderful homing instinct. Then why don't they go there?-- Punch. ;
Cuitn has had five governments in four months. Sounds more like a merry-go-round than a revolution.-- Winston-Salem Journal.
A RUBBER company recently built its 200,000,000th tire. Of course the directors celebrated the occasion with a blowout.-- Dunbar's Weekly (Phenix).
"Many motorists,' remarks a writer, ''have been forced, for financial reasons, to sell their cars.'' Now they're on their feet again.--The Humorist (London).
Irv may or may not be a good idea to "bring the Insulls back," but a better course will be to recall the laws which made their operations possible.--Atlanta Constitution.
"Wor dinner, a thin piece of underdone steak two inches by two inches should be taken," says a slimming expert. It doesn't seem much, but after all it's a square meal.-- Punch.
CoMMERCIALISM seemingly has crept even into the African jungle, where a movie outfit reports that it could not get satisfac- tory pictures because the wild elephants charged too much.-- Boston Herald.
The Lytton Commission report certainly lit on Japan.-- Indianapolis Star.
Tue human race seems to have improved everything except people.--Easton Express.
Ir Roosevelt can manage the tiger he need not worry about the elephant.--Atlanta Constitution.
TaMMANY's chief objection to an efficient mayor is the contrast he provides.--Bethlehem Globe-Times.
The best definition we ever heard for a lame duck is, a Con- gressman whose goose has been cooked.--New Orleans States.
Tue great leader is one who never permits his followers to discover that he is as dumb as they are.--lochester Times-Union.
AMBERICANISM: Professing a great concern. for the jobless; taxing busi- ness to death so it can't provide jobs.-- Beaumont Enter prise.
Mrs. FrRanNKLIN D. Rooseve.r is editing a magazine, Babies--J ust Babies, which, we hope, will fill a erying need.--Atlanta Journal.
JAPAN'S meaning seems to be that she would rather be in Man- churia than in the League of Nations.-- Winston-Salem Journal.
No wonder people admire "horse sense.'' The horse had sense enough to be scared of automobiles when he first saw them.-- Publishers Syndicate.
Mr. CoouingGe says our banking system is not yet perfect. That is the conclusion we arrived at after interviewing the credit man- ager.--Dallas News.
Aut the nations proclaim that excessive armament leads to bank- ruptey, but each seems to want to become as bankrupt as anybody clse.--San Diego Union.
"Well, | Don't Seem tobe 'The Forgotten Man'"
--Temple in the New Orleans '"'Times Picayune."
Now that government experts are pretty well convinced that the blight has been checked, it looks as if we might soon have our old chestnuts back in the woods again as well as on the air.-- Boston Herald.
PRESIDENT Hoover's ''chicken-in-every-pot'' promise has now gone through a strange transformation. It has become a pretty kettle of fish.--Lowisville Courier-Journal.
Accorpine to Dr. Grace W. Pailthorpe, what the burglar of the violent type really needs is hospital treatment. House- holders should make sure that he gets it.--Pwnch.
Secretary Doak says the Government "has prevented serious declines in wages.'' This has been particularly noticeable in government salaries--Nashville Southern Lumberman.
We read in Tue Literary Dierst that demand for better music is a good business barometer--mebbe because of the increase in sound notes.--Northwest Insurance (Minneapolis).
Wisconsin voters have rejected a La Follette and Clarence Darrow has joined the church. Look out for Bill Hohenzollern to be elected President of KFrance.--Southern Lumberman.
Men of fifty are the steadiest drivers, a survey shows. By that time, you understand, they have found that it is safer to keep only one head on their shoulders at a time.--Boston Herald.
AccorpiIne to a census report, eighty-seven women in the United States earn their living by hunting and trapping. We're trying to get the census bureau to pursue those figures further. We think they've dropt five or six ciphers somewhere.-- Kansas City Star.
FOREIGN
COMMENT
The Soviet Outlook on Disarmament
ISARMAMENT IS IMPOSSIBLE in this doomed, capitalistic world. That is the ery of some editors in Soviet Russia, who are reminded anew of this pet conviction of theirs by Germany's insistence on the right to arm.
--S
There's a Fool Born Every Minute! --"'The Star"
Everywhere they look, they see signs of more armament, rather than less.
They find, too, a steadily-growing hostility between the United States and Japan, between Great Britain and the United States, between France and Italy, and between France and Germany.
What is more, the claim is made that the antagonism of all the capitalistic countries against the Soviet Union is to a great degree responsible for the increase of armaments.
Ali pie sa: of this point of view are the remarks of Karl Radek, noted Communist leader and commentator on foreign affairs, who puts himself on record in Jzvestia, official organ of the Soviet Government in Moscow. Germany's demand for arms equality, he contends, reveals once again the vulnerability of the Versailles Treaty, and he says:
"In the midst of constant trouble and conflict the Versailles Treaty is cracking to its very foundations.
"In spite of France's military might, it becomes in- creasingly more difficult for her to preserve the existence of that Treaty, and its gradual disintegration is accom- panied by continuous struggle.
"It took the present economic crisis, with its fifty million unemployed in the world and with the untold sufferings of all mankind, to persuade France to drop the reparation clauses of the Versailles Treaty. Even now, however, remains of these reparations still weigh on Germany.
"It takes a still more painful process to modify the military and the territorial clauses of the Treaty. A mere mention of the possibility of changing the boundaries set up at Versailles starts a fever of nation- alistic excitement on both sides of the Versailles fence--a fever which, one day, may easily result in a war.
'Accordingly, Germany's demand for equal rights in the prob- lem of armaments was bound to injure Franco-German relations."
The hopes of reactionary German politicians that France
will let Germany arm if Germany, in return, will join in the 12
(London) .
"erusade against Russia," have been frustrated, declares Mr. Radek. For the strength of the Soviet Union, he maintains, has prompted even the French imperialists to drop, for the time at least, the idea of a campaign against Moscow. But, he argues, if France fails to check Germany's attempt to arm, the world will soon be confronted with a new onrush of competitive arming, and he goes on:
"The urge to increase armaments has been fed during all these years by the growing enmity between the United States and Japan, between Great Britain and the United States, and between France and Italy.
"The hatred of all capitalistic countries for the Soviet Union has, of course, also greatly contributed to it. And now it naturally will be still further sharpened by the increased tension in Franco-German relations.
'"'If Germany succeeds in abolishing, or, at least, in modifying the armament clauses of the Versailles Treaty --as, most likely, in the final account it will--the ques- tion which it naturally will tackle next will be the modification of the boundaries traced at Versailles and the return to Germany of its former colonies.
'Tn other words, a new struggle for the redivision of the world will start; this slogan already has been launched on both sides of the Rhine.
'""Thus, the world is confronted with the sharpening of the conflict between Japan and America in the Far East, and with a perhaps still more portentous growth of animosities in Europe. ;
''No sooner had the agitation of the French and of the Italian press over the recent maneuvers of the Italian fleet died down than dispute over the rearma- ment of Germany began.
""Hiven the blind can see what a profound thing the Soviet Government said at the Disarmament Conference when it stated that either there must be a complete disarmament of all the countries, or there will be an orgy of competitive arma- ments, which eventually will result in a new war."
Triangular Drama --"The Record' (Glasgow).
Franco-German friction is always a menace to Kurope. Would it be ended, Mr. Radek asks, if all the nations were to disarm? But that question can not be answered, he holds, because no such general disarmament is conceivable. None of the capitalistic Powers would dare to disarm, he adds, because not one of them has the slightest trust or confidence in the other.
COLOR R 22> 67 9-3-2
(epee, PERARY DIGEST 13
Japan as a Shaky Big Business
ODERN NATIONS are merely big businesses. The makers of modern Japan realize this with typically Nipponese absence of sentiment.
So they decided, like Russia, to apply scientific planning to the problem of Japanese development.
But whether their "big business," in Manchuria especially, is to be a success is a question.
That's how Japan looks to a contributor to the Sydney Buile- tin, a famous Australian news-. paper, which carries a weekly slogan of ''Australia for the White Man," and ealls itself "the National Australian news- paper."
Whether this contributor is Australian or not, one must consider, because he uses in his. frequent articles in The Bulletin, the Chinese-sounding pen-name of Feng-Shui. Who- ever he may be, he looks at Japan with a critical and, what he thinks probably, an partial eye. As to the charges of imperialism against Japan, he has this to say:
im-
"Until the great depression, 'Japan spent no less than 50 per cent. of her revenue on Army and Navy. Even to-day the figure has been reduced by only 15 per cent. She has a trained reserve of 3,000,000 and 1,500 fighting planes, and her Navy is as strong as ever.
"For this reason she has been accused of being imperialistic, usually by people belonging to rival imperialisms. It would be fairer to say that, since the revolution of 1867, she has been struggling to preserve her na- tional independence."
How thoroughly the Japanese did their job of developing the nation along the lines of big business, Feng-Shui maintains, is proved by the fact that in a handful of years they abolished feudalism, whereas Europe has taken centuries to abolish it.
The last vestiges of the spirit of feudalism in Japan, he tells us, are the ronins, who '"'murder unpopular Prime Ministers, and then give themselves up to justice."" We read further:
"Then they invented a state religion, with the Emperor at its head and the people's ancestors as its presiding deities. This removed the danger of sectarianism. People don't engage in religious wars against their great-grandfathers.
"Then they encouraged applied science, but not pure science. Pure science makes awkward discoveries. Thus it would have been inconvenient if a scientific historian had announced that he could find no evidence of the Mikado being directly related to the Sun goddess.
'Then they proceeded to educate the people, not to think for themselves, but to use the tools of Western industrialism. So well did they succeed that soon half the world was lighting its pipe with Japanese matches and waving national flags marked 'Made in Japan' in patriotic processions.
'Japan, as a Big Business, is suffering the normal fate of private enterprise in these times. It finds the channels of expan- sion getting narrower. The Shanghai enterprise was a failure. The next extension has already been announced with the dispatch
The Hymenopterous Insect in the Orient
The last victim of this bee's sting is still in a dangerous, com- plicated, and highly expensive state of lengthy convalescence,
--A. G. Racey in "'The Daily Star' (Montreal) .
of an army of fully armed commercial travelers to Mongolia. Mongolia is six times the size of the German Empire and ten times the size of Japan proper.
SaipEis supposed to be a desert, but the desert and the fertile parts are in about the same proportion as in Australia. Travel- ing through the fertile portions is much like traveling between Melbourne and Sydney.
"The Mongols number 2,000,000, mainly nomads, and they have such a passion for entering the priesthood, which is celibate, that they are in danger of ex- tinetion. This is offset by Chi- nese immigration."
(Eee farmers, we are told, are advancing toward the Mon- golian desert at the rate of four miles a year, and an area 200 miles deep by 700 miles long will eventually be re- claimed from pasture.
An old crater near Urga, the capital, is worshiped as the birthplace of Genghis Khan, we are reminded, whose hordes erupted over Asia in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, de- stroyed the Mohammedan Em- pire, and might have turned Europe into a Mongol colony if it had not been for a domes- tice disagreement. Feng-Shui continues:
"In those days the yellow man believed himself to be the torchbearer of civilization and, no doubt, Mongol Kip- lings wrote sentimentally about earrying the yellow man's bur- den. .
"At present, the unkempt descendants of Genghis are mere pawns in the struggle be- tween Russia and Japan for business supremacy in farthest Asia. The winner in this epic contest will not necessarily be Japan, despite recent spectacular successes.
''When writers invent Utopias they invariably take two or three well-marked tendencies and extend them to their appar- ently logical conclusion. The trouble is that you can never take all the factors into consideration.
"Of this the Japanese Utopia is a working example. The Japanese people were so amenable to discipline that in an amaz-
- ingly short time their rulers were able to completely change their
habits. But when a person's habits are changed very suddenly, he is apt to become neurasthenic. A country man transported to the city is at first delighted by the novelty. Then he becomes irritable and discontented. He may finally end by becoming hysterical."
FF une-suut notes conspicuous examples of national hysteria in recent Japanese history, such as the "'wholesale assassination" of Koreans after the great earthquake, the outbreaks of Bolshevism after the resumption of relations with the Soviet Government, the Shanghai "'atrocities,'' and the ''running amok" of the Army in Manchuria when the Government was ''as impotent as if it had been in South America.'' Moreover, this writer adds:
'Modern industrialism is breaking up the family, and with the break-up of the family will go the worship of the ancestors. The country is already full of intellectuals unable to find ex- pression except in terms of revolution."
14 THE La TERA-RsyYe DIG Eel
O:-Gil OBER aa2i 2a eee
Indian Women Want Full Equality
O SPECTAL FAVOR OR PRIVILEGE, but equality in political treatment, is the demand of what is said to be the majority of women in India.
They are raising their voices in protest against Prime Minister MacDonald's proposal affecting them in his much-discust '"'e¢om- munal-award" declaration. In his scheme, a special quota of seats would be provided for women in the provincial legislatures. But the women resent this, it seems. They demand _ full equality and no favors, and would compete with the men at the polls, as in this country.
The MacDonald statement, as will be recalled from previous issues of Tur Literary Diaust, outlines a plan detailing how the seats in the provincial legislatures of British
India should be divided among Hindus, Moslems, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians, Wuro-
peans, women, deprest classes, and various other interests, such as land-owners and commercial groups which claim special representation.
Bor many women champions in India are flatly against any such special reservation of seats, tho it must be noted that a prominent - Indian feminist, Mrs. Arune Asaf Ali, admits in The Hindustan Times (Delhi) that there is a smaller body of women in India which presses for special privileges in the Constitution that Britain is shortly to bestow on India.
Recounting the story of the struggle Indian women are making for enfranchisement, Mrs. Asaf Ali writes:
Keystone photograph
Mrs. Subbaroyan, Hindu,
basis.
"The question of women's representation in the future legislatures has occupied the serious and anxious thought of the majority of thinking Indian women ever since the first session of the Round Table Conference. Opinion among them has di- vided itself into two groups.
"The claim that women should be treated as the equals of men without special favors or privileges has been the view of the majority, who have confidence enough in themselves to com- pete with others (7.e., the men).
"The following passage from the memorandum submitted at the second session of the Round Table Conference by the two delegates representing the women's organizations, will be found apposite.
'After asserting that the recognition of women's equal po- litical status with men should be followed by the grant of full adult franchise or an alternative based on the same principle, they go on to say:
"*We are further enjoined to resist any plea that may be advanced by small individual groups, either in India or this country (England) for any kind of temporary concessions or adventitious methods of securing the adequate representation of women in the legislature in the shape of reservation of seats, nomination, cooption, whether by statute, convention, or at the diseretion of the Central or Provincial governments. To seek any form of preferential treatment would be to violate the integrity of the universal demand of Indian women for absolute equality of political status.'
""As opposed to this is the suggestion that the only guaranty for the safeguarding of women's interests hes in the solution ad- vanced by the women's delegation to the first Round Table Con- ference, namely, 'that the legislatures themselves, after their own election, should, for a temporary period, elect a fixt pro- portion of women to the legislatures.' "'
But, as some Indian editors point cut, the British Cabinet has
On One Point Agreed
(Left), supports her Moslem colleague, Mrs. Shah Nawaz, in claiming that the women of India do not wish to be divided on a racial or religious They want full equality with men at the polls.
thought fit to take the opposite view, namely, that for the time India's women need to be protected politically. From Premier MaecDonald's famous ''communal-award"' declaration, which was published in all Indian papers, they cite the following
paragraph:
'""As regards women voters it has been widely recognized in recent years that the women's movement in India holds one of the keys of progress. It is not too much to say that India can. not reach the position to which it aspires in the world until its women play their due part as edu- eated and influential citizens.
"There are undoubtedly serious objections to extending to repre- sentation of women the communal method, but if seats are to be reserved for women as such and women members are to be fairly distributed among the eommuni- ties, there is in the existing circum- stances no alternative."
Now Mrs. Asaf Ali differs with Premier MacDonald. In her judg- ment, the decision of the British Cabinet sets at naught the demands of the largest section of organized opinion. This, she contends, "is bound to evoke resentment among the majority of politically- conscious women, as it is definitely opposed to their political ideals, which do not admit of any com- promise." '
One of the Indian women nominated by the Government of India to the London Round Table Conference, Mrs. Shah Nawaz, also takes exception, in The Statesman (Caleutta and Delhi), to the arrangement proposed by Mr. MacDonald. She tells us:
"Our women's organizations have been strongly against any reserved seats for women. One of our chief reasons is that with the reservation of seats will come the question of dividing them on a communal--racial and religious--basis for women. ;
""T wish His Majesty's Government had not forced this reserva- tion on the women when the majority of them did not want it, and when all their organizations had declared against it."
Another Indian woman who sat at the Round Table Confer- ence, and who is said to have favored special protection for women, Mrs. Subbaroyan, also is against the British proposal. She is quoted in The Times of India (Bombay) as follows:
"There is no doubt that the overwhelming and practically
unanimous opinion among Indian women is definitely opposed
to any form of communal electorates.
"T think our women would rather forego the advantages of reservation altogether than accept a measure which would allow beginnings of a veritable evil and danger to the country."
Referring again to Prime Minister MacDonald's famous "Indian Communal Decision," it is of interest to note that he said:
'In the end, only Indians themselves can settle this question. The most that the Government can hope is that their decision will remove an obstacle from the path of constitutional advance, and will thus enable Indians to concentrate their attention upon solving the many issues that still remain to be decided in the field of constitutional reform. Let the leaders of all the Indian communities show at this critical moment in India's constitu- tional development their appreciation of the fact that com- munal cooperation is the condition of progress, and that it is their special duty to put upon themselves the responsibility for making the new Constitution work."
LETTERS AND ART
LITERATURE "7 DRAMA *" MUSIC 7
FINE-ARTS 7"
EDUCATION " CULTURE
The Screen Laughs at Itself
HEY SAID HOLLYWOOD WOULD NEVER tackle "Once in a Lifetime." It was the play that satirized almost everything sacred to Hollywood, and convulsed New York for months.
With '"'Make Me a Star,'' film version of ''Merton of the Movies" and ''What Price Hollywood," the film center would seem to have little more to reveal.
"Not as much genuine Hollywood atmosphere as 'What Price Hollywood,'" says the Los Angeles Times, "'but a gayer, lighter picture" is "Once in a Lifetime."
"This is the first time Hollywood has accepted and made the most of what must be called 'a good laugh on itself,' writes W. Ward Marsh in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, going further:
""T ean not see where the film industry has spared itself anything from a giggle to a mid- riff guffaw. It needles, prods, kids, slaps, and broadswipes itself, ripping wide the so-called Hollywood tradition and standards.
"The only outstandingly apparent changes in the script based on the Moss Hart-George Kaufman stage satire are necessary ones. For example: there is no profanity in the talkie; all producers' names have been omitted; finally, toward the close of the picture, the celluloid priest, a character actor, is compelled to forego all the sport he had with his lines which showed him to be a priest in make-up and a race-track tout on the side.
"Other than that, Hollywood 'takes it' like aman, ridicules itself, and by so doing proves it is coming of age.
"You know the story? It is of three vaude- villians, a wise girl, a straight man, and a dumb bunny. The tale opens at the time when talkies were born, when Hollywood was going completely mad, and when vaudeville was dying on its feet.
"This stage trio decides to go to Holly- wood. The girl sees an opportunity to start the racket of teaching voice-culture to the screen Susie Sunshines who can't talk even if the mush were taken from their mouths and the squeaks from their voices.
"En route to the citadel of films, they meet a famous film correspondent--who must burn over this screaming caricature--and she de- cides to sponsor them but later drops them severely when she finds they are not successful.
"In Hollywood they find the world's greatest madhouse presided over by the completely cracked Glogauer--a crazy king ruling a studio which is in a sense only an exaggerated Cecil B. DeMille set.
'Every one is mad. The place drives sane people dippy. A playwright almost loses his reason before he escapes. The secretary to the president is daffy. There is everywhere a rush and flurry on the part of the personnel, and all of it is the furious drive of pretending to create without begetting anything more than a frenzy."
Ma. MARSH thinks the piece ''superbly well played,' and specializes on some of the players:
'"'Aline MacMahon as the intelligent vaudevillian gives a splendid account of the character who went to Hollywood to teach voice-culture, saw all the madness through sane eyes, attempted to create sanity amid chaos, was gentle in her ridi- cule, and then failed, paying the penalty for having brains.
"'She tempers her hardness with something of a brittle gentle- ness. Her mockery of a gilded institution for self-supporting maniacs is tempered by her sympathetic blandness.
"Jack Oakie as the dumb stage actor who never knows what it's all about has never done better. His character becomes famous because the temperamental producer mistakes his unbelievable stupidity for the massive intellect of a genius. Oakie rides, through all the nervous excitement, emotional disturbances, and sheer craziness like a calm and undis- turbed moron, cracking those blank-blank nuts, shooting the wrong script, and in the end is hailed. as the greatest supervisor of all times.
"ZaSu Pitts as the blank-minded secretary furnishes many of the best laughs in the picture. ; ; "Gregory Ratoff's characterization of Glogauer, the producer, is emphatically outstanding. All the ranting, raving, and tem-
Impressing the Magnate
Helen: "'They'll not only teach your stars to talk, Mr. Glogauer, but they'll have them talking as well as you do."'
Glogauer: "'Vell, | dun't esk miracles."' Louise Fazenda and Gregory Ratoff.
peramental outburst ascribed to some producers find voluble and energetic expression in Ratoff's work. Louise Fazenda is unusually good as the film correspondent. The supporting cast is strong and capable.
"Tn addition, Hollywood has given the picture its customary lavish hand for the backgrounds, making the satire infinitely more convincing and more nearly real than it was on the stage.
'In other words, I think 'Once in a Lifetime' is great stuff."
(ee Boston Evening American, through Harleigh Schultz, confirms Los Angeles:
"That Hollywood can thus laugh at itself is something of a novelty and an event. It took courage to film this production, for it gives the industry a lacing and a lashing such as it never before had. True, it is all for sport's sake, yet there is a bite to these fangs just the same. Perhaps it is a sign of a healthy con- dition that filmdom can be its own accuser and is shamelessly unafraid to bare its frailties through its own medium of the silver sheet. Certainly. Universal has fashioned a box-office triumph, certain to be listed in the 'best ten' of 1932... .
"Good players all, with meat to their liking, and bending an audience double, again, and again, ever so many agains after that,
with the uproarious mirth of the film." 15
16 é THE UPTERARA? DFGr st
An Academy for Irish Letters
HARLES Il GAVE THE FISH of Lough Neagh to one man and the water to another, and their descen- dants fell out.
So W. B. Yeats, the Irish poet, ran upon these litigants in a train on the way to London to testify before some court.
He finds the situation symbolic of the position of modern Irish literature. ''We Irish writers are the fish, but hitherto the water has been English and American."
Explaining further, he says that English and American eriti- cism has been ''the table of values."
So literary Ireland wishes to pronounce judgments for itself,
The Magnate Disillusioned
Glogauer: ''You--a supervisor, too! Think of it! Dr. Lewis--you have made the wrong picture." Jack Oakie and Gregory Ratoff in '"'Once in a Lifetime."
and a movement is on foot to establish an Irish Academy of Letters.
S Dats Academy is to be duly registered as 'a friendly society,'"' says the Irish correspondent of the Manchester Guardian. "Nevertheless, at the instigation of Mr. Bernard Shaw, arrange- ments have been made in the rules to prevent the average age " So it is not to be the home of valetudinarians. The correspondent adds:
of the Academicians from rising above sixty.
"Tt is, however, hoped that legal registration will protect the Academy from being supprest as a 'secret society' or a new illegal army, White or Red. But that the new Academy does not expect, or perhaps even desire, a life of unbroken repose will appear from the following account of the project given to your correspondent by Mr. W. B. Yeats.
"Certain Irish writers of the younger generation have asked Mr. Bernard Shaw and myself to assist in the founding of an [rish Academy of Letters. Our newspapers, absorbed in polities, give little attention to literature, our Government attends to it so much that it has established a censorship which has banned one of the best Irish novels since Miss Edgeworth, Mr. Liam O'Flaherty's ''The Puritan.'''"'
A preliminary letter, signed by Mr. Yeats and Mr. Shaw and sent to a number of writers, makes this proposal:
"We have at present in Ireland no organization, representing Belles-Lettres, and consequently no means whereby we Irish
You know what you have done,
(See page 15.)
OCTOBER 2225 aie ae
authors can make known our views, nor any instrument by which action can be taken on our behalf.
"There is in Ireland an official censorship possessing, and actively exercising, powers of suppression which may at any moment confine an Irish author to the British and American market, and thereby make it impossible for him to live by distinctive Irish literature.
"Ags our votes are counted by dozens instead of thousands and are therefore negligible, and as no election can ever turn on our grievances, our sole defense lies in the authority of our utterance. This, at least, is by no means negligible, for in Treland there is still a deep respect for intellectual and poetic quality.
"Tn so far as we represent that quality we can count on a con- sideration beyond all proportion to our numbers, but we can not exercise our influence unless we have an organ through which we can address the public or appeal collectively and unanimously to the Government.
'""We must therefore found an Academy of Belles-Lettres. Will you give us your name as one of the founder members?"
nemne authors at home, the letter went afield to such as George Moore, Eugene O'Neill, James Joyce, Lord Dunsany, and Padraic Colum.
Mr. Yeats further explains the motive:
"We divide our members into Acad-
emicians and Associates; the Acade- micians must have done creative work
'frish in character or subject'; an Asso- ciate need not fall within this definition tho he must be of Irish birth or descent. I do not think that all we have invited will accept their nomination, for we have made our list impartially, including some who probably hate us and ours. I put one man there who walks out of a room when I come in.
"We expect neither government recog- nition nor endowment, tho both may come. It will be nine or ten years before the Government or the press gets used to an Academy that contains Mr. Peadar O'Donnell, the Communist, Mr. James Joyee, the great outlaw of-letters, or St. John Ervine, the violent Ulsterman. We may always prefer to keep our inde- pendence. We shall not need much money, but we shall need some. Mr. Bernard Shaw, generous as always, has paid our preliminary expenses; some of us hope to add a few pounds by lectures.
"Later on we must crown a few books or award a few medals. Irish literature has to preserve its separate character in a world where the English and American press count for much and the Irish for little. We can at least tell our own people what writers are most valued by their fellow craftsmen.'
The Cover
ONTAGUE DAWSON, the artist of the cover, is the son
of a captain in the English Merchant Marine. He was
born at sea, and has spent the greater part of his life among ships
of all classes. Much of his leisure time as a boy was spent in the
company of the celebrated marine painter, C. Napier Hemy,
R.A., and through this artist Mr. Dawson learned to handle
the brush and his pictures portray the breadth and atmosphere
of his master, combined with correct technical details, of which he has intimate knowledge.
His works have been exhibited and hung regularly in the Royal Academy, London, and most of the important galleries in Great Britain.
Mr. Dawson's love of adventure and the sea often take him away from his painting, and in April of 1924 he joined the scientific expedition sent from Great Britain to the South Pacific Islands, which occupied him for several months.
Mr. Dawson's work is highly considered by the critics of Kurope; engravings of several of his works have been published.
As a master of both water-color drawing and oil-painting, Mr. Dawson is now well known in the United States and Canada.
OCHO BER= 9221932
Mr. Hoover as Reader
ct ERHAPS WHAT THIS COUNTRY needs is a great poem."' This is President Hoover speaking to Christopher Morley, guest at the White House, whose errand there was to find out ''something about Herbert Hoover as the scholar, the man of culture, the lover of books."'
In the long article Mr. Morley writes for The Saturday Review of Literature, the President is shown as an omnivorous reader, ranging beyond the special fields of science and government.
But his conviction about the value of a great poem for the ills of to-day is worthy of further quotation:
"Perhaps what this country needs is a
great poem. Something to lift people out of fear and selfishness.
ere tase RA RY «D lG.ES T 17
"Then he touched on the professional training of engineers, which first began in this country. 'Elsewhere they were still apprentices or advanced mechanics. That was why, in the early days, the American engineers were getting all the best jobs.'
'"He was asked whether a young mining engineer looking for advancement now would find great opportunity in the Soviets. The reply was erisp. 'There are more minerals in Montana than in the whole of Russia.'
"The President's bookplate is a reproduction of one of the woodcuts in a very early book on mining, 'Hin Niitzliches Berg- biichlein von Allen Metallen' of 1527. In speaking of this he was on his hobby, and it was delightful to see him sparkle. His in- terest in the old German miner Georgius Agricola (whose baptis- mal name was Georg Bauer) is not merely technical but again broadly pragmatic. Agricola made solid contribution to human progress.
"Why did Mr. and Mrs. Hoover wrestle for five years with the severe
task of putting Agricola's antique Latin
"Every onee in a while some one catches words out of the air and gives a nation an inspiration. You remember Kipling's 'Recessional,' and that poem of Markham's, suggested by Millet's painting, 'The Man with the Hoe.' We need something to raise our eyes beyond the immediate horizon.
"A great nation can't go along just watching its feet. The kind of words I imagine needn't be very complicated. I'd like to see something simple enough for a child to put his hand on his chest and spout in school on Fridays.
'"'T keep looking for it, but I don't see it. Sometimes a great poem can do more than legislation."
Me. HOOVER is a man of books, but, being a man of travel in remote places in his earlier life, he has had to drop various collections by the way. A col- lection on China formed by Mrs. Hoover was presented to Stanford University.
Mr. Morley recalls the story that the first night President Hoover spent in the White House not a readable book was to be found anywhere. The gap was later filled by the American Book- sellers' Association who, two years ago, gave to the nation a care- fully chosen miscellany of five hundred books to be installed there. For all that--
"The American Booksellers' gift to the White House was a very welcome one, but as far as the President himself was con- cerned he had read most of those books long before. An intimate of his took the trouble to tick off for me on that list of 500 titles those Mr. Hoover had read in days when there was more leisure.
"In the section of 'Standard Fiction,' for instance, out of the fifty-six books listed he had read fifty. In the lists of Travel, History, Politics, and World Affairs, practically every title was marked. In books like Shakespeare, Dante, Tennyson, 'Leaves of Grass,' Keyserling's Travel Diary, Wells's 'Outline of History,' he had done as most of us have, 'browsed.'"'
Mr. Hoover's bookplate shows a reproduction of a medieval mining print. He held Mr. Morley spellbound while he dis- coursed 'on the inecunabula of science, and his collection of old mining treatises, and said that at the dawn of recorded history men had already discovered some of the technical processes still in use to-day."" Further--
"The Greek miners at Laurium, southeast of Athens, used the same means of separating silver from lead that the modern engineer does. 'It would be interesting,' he said, 'to rewrite Greek history from the view-point of the engineer. It was the silver mines of Laurium that paid for the fleet with which Themistocles won-the battle of Salamis--one of the great turn- ing-points of history. The first great orations of Demosthenes were arguments on cases of mining titles.' He spoke of the ex- pansion of the Roman Empire--mostly a search for sources of raw materials.
The President's Bookplate
A reproduction of a medieval mining print.
technology into satisfactory English? 'The book was a milestone on the road of civilization,' he says. 'Except the book of Genesis, the only attempts to explain natural phenomena had been those of the Greek philosophers and the alchemists. For 180 years' (note, he says '180 years,' not 'nearly two cen- turies') 'that book was a guide for miners and metallurgists. There is no measure to gage the benefits enjoyed by human- ity through such a work,'
"Mrs. Hoover was a full-time collab- orator in the arduous work on this volume. She has an exceptional talent for languages, and Latin is a hobby of hers. This may encourage some high- school girls now wrestling with declen- sions.
"'Looking up the 'De Re Metallica' afterward, I found that Mr. Hoover had written 'It is more worthy of preserva- tion than the thousands of volumes de- voted to records of human destruction.' When this was published in 1912, little could he have guessed how much he himself would soon see of the wreckage of human destruction. I could not help observing, too, in an extract from Duke Maurice's grant of land to Agricola in 1546, a pleasantly contemporary savor: ' . .. And that he may also, for the necessities of his household, brew his own beer free, and that he may likewise purvey for himself and his house- hold foreign beer and also wine for use, and yet he shall not sell any such beer.'
"The 'De Re Metallica' is a great book, and in his notes on the text Mr. Hoover writes crisply, as he talks. Of Martin Luther he says, 'His Latin was execrable.' Of Livy's famous yarn about Hannibal breaking up the Alpine rocks with fire and vinegar he remarks, 'A study of the commentators would fill a volume with sterile words.' He roams freely among allusions to Xenophon, Aristotle, Strabo, Pliny, Josephus."'
'Tae story of Mr. Hoover's ranging in the field of fiction is too long to detail. Almost no English or American novelist since the days of Dickens and Thackeray goes unmentioned--except Henry James.
"There can hardly ever have been a President who has read so much and said so little about it."
When it comes to general literature the list is sufficiently im- posing to meet usual requirements:
"Any bookman must delight to see with what sagacious in- stinect Mr. Hoover has chosen the things that had genuine quartz, and has passed by the showy or ephemeral tailings that publishers are sometimes loud to applaud. Take him on history: he knows his James Bryce, John Fiske, Parkman, Prescott, James Ford Rhodes, Trevelyan, Truslow, Adams. Among the poets checked on the list are Chaucer, Dante, Goethe, Homer, Keats, Masefield, Tennyson, Whitman, Whitcomb Riley, and Carl Sandburg.
"There is just one book he hasn't read which I hope he will some day find time for. I'd love to know what he would think of 'Moby Dick.'"'
RELIGION AND
SOCIAL SERVICE
A New Battle-Cry for Missions
HE GREAT MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE of the Protestant churches is at the crossroads of destiny, ac- cording to a two-year survey of its results in the Far Kast.
Some of the findings will startle, if not aggrieve, missionaries no, less than complacent boards.
The years have altered the scene; new forces come marching over the horizon; Christian tactics change.
Christianity must no longer make quarrel with the other major religions of the East.
It must make cause with them against a common foe--the materialism of which Marx, Lenin, and Russell are the arch- priests.
It must no longer make appeal for heaven through fear of hell. It must promote heaven here on earth instead of deferring hope beyond the grave.
The ''heathen Chinee,'"' to borrow a phrase no longer current in hymn or prayer, is not eternally damned because he knows not Christ. He is one of God's children, too.
As a world religion, Christianity must dissociate itself from the culture and history of the West. What has the West done that it should be the teacher of mankind?
Finally, the missionaries themselves, most of whom are of limited worth, must be raised to the standard set by the task. They must be loyal to the Cross rather than to a creed.
WP aesn, in brief, are the findings of the Ap- praisal Commission of the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry, whose report, after two years of investigation on the ground, is now being pub- lished in instalments in the press. They are announced by Albert L. Scott, chairman of the inquiry.
Probably the most thorough and sweeping investigation of the kind ever undertaken, its results will be pondered in every Protestant church and by every Protestant board of missions.
The inquiry was sponsored by laymen of seven leading Protestant denominations: Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed, United Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal, Congregational, Prot- estant 'Episcopal, and Northern Baptist. The chairman of the Com- mission, which consists of fifteen prominent churchmen of the various denominations, is Dr. William E. Hocking of Harvard University.
Prior to sending the Appraisal Commission abroad, the Institute of Social and Religious Research sent, late in 1930, a corps of research workers to the three Far-Hastern fields under the supervision of Galen M. Fisher, General Director. The group in China was headed by Dr. H. Paul Douglass; that in India by Dr. C. Luther Fry, and that in Japan by Dr. Harvey H. Guy. The facts collected by these research
A
Dr. H. Paul Douglass
Missionary Revolutionaries.
workers are now embodied in five volumes of printed material, not yet published. With this material in hand, the Appraisal Commission left the United States in September, 1931, and spent nine months in studying conditions in India, Burma, China, and Japan.
18
Dr. Galen M. Fisher
So much for the scope of the investigation and its importance in the future of the enterprise which girdled the earth before trade had charted its routes.
To begin with, the Commission finds the undertaking is now in peril from indifference and failing subscriptions. Yet, because it is a valid task of love, it must go on.
(Son "there is no ground for a renewed appeal for the support, much less for the enlargement, of these missions in their present form and on their present basis. In our judgment,' says the Commission, 'there is not alone room for change, there is necessity for change, in respects which our report will indicate; and the effecting of such change should be the condition for every further enlargement of the enterprise."
Because of the growing hostility to all religion, the task of Chris- tianity, the Commission finds, is not to argue with Islam, Hinduism or Buddhism but with materialism, secularism, naturalism. 'It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to be trusted.' The chief foe of these oracles, we are told, is not Christianity, but the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. Therefore, "it is clearly not the duty of the Christian mis- sionary to attack the non-Christian stems of religion. It is his primary duty to present his conception of the true way of life and letit speak for itself."'
Dr Ge Euther Fry:
Wake changes have come over the life of both the East and the West in the last hundred years, the Commission finds, and three of these are peculiarly pertinent to the mission enterprise: an altered theo- logical outlook, the emergence of a basic world culture, the rise of nationalism in the East.
The theological change, of course, bears most directly upon the missionary motive.
The fear of hell has given way to a happier conception of destiny. Christianity has, generally speaking, shifted its stress from the negative to the affirmative side of its message; it is less a religion of fear and more a religion of beneficence:
"It has passed through and beyond the stage of bitter conflict with the scientific consciousness of the race over details of the mode of creation, the age of the earth, the descent of man, miracle and law, to the stage of maturity in which a free religion and a free science become inseparable and complementary elements in a complete world-view.
'Whatever its present conception of the future life, there is little disposition to believe that sincere and aspiring seekers after God in other religions are to be damned: It has become less con- cerned in any land to save men from eternal punishment than from the danger of losing the supreme good."
Turning to the emergence of a world culture, the Commission finds elements of democracy and of belief in general education in every nation. In problems of livelihood, production and distribution, the statesman and the economic scientist join
ee BEEAR 62 26,0319 3:2
forces, seeking principles of world-wide application. With all the old impediments to travel and communication gone, there is no important idea which is not now an item of world-knowledge, including the knowledge of the Gospel.
Hence the old question why the missionary need leave home to convey his message. .
While the rise of nationalism in the East is no longer hostile to the spread of world-culture, and may even be a phase of that movement, it is a reaction against Western domination and cultural control. Hear some of the leaders erying out for a return of their local gods, philosophies, arts, literatures.
Under these circumstances, the connection of Christianity with Western life has its disadvantages. So--
"For the sake of securing for Christianity a fair hearing, it is necessary to separate it, as far as possible, from our history and our promoting agencies, and to present it in its universal capacity.
"It is incumbent upon us to acknowledge, without blindness to the special problems of Asia, our common need of salvation, the common drag toward paganism and religious indifference, an incomplete grasp of our own faith in matters affecting individual and social conscience, our common need to con- fer in the search for a deeper and more per- suasive view of religious truth."'
Tus seven denominations represented in the survey have 10,000 missionaries in the Far East. What of them and of the thou- sands of other cohorts of Christ engaged in a war that has no November 11?
Many are of conspicuous power, true saintliness and devotion, says the Commis- sion. But "the greater number seem to us of limited outlook and capacity; and there are not a few whose vision of the inner meaning of the mission has become obscured by the intricacies, divisions, frictions and details of a task too great for their powers and their hearts."
The initiative of calling missionaries would be left to the churches in the mission field, and, says the Commission: ''Only persons of the highest quality, fitness, and tested ability should receive the approval of the sending boards."
Copyright py International
Missionaries as Workers
HURCHES in Springfield, Missouri, are giving than $20,000 to foreign missions and only about $2,000 'from their treasuries' to the community chest.
That was made the basis of what is described as a '"' whispering campaign" against foreign missions, the complaint being that such contributions are sorely needed at home in support of local charity relief.
But, reports The Presbyterian Banner, it was pointed out that churches do not usually contribute to the community chest as churches; rather the members give as individuals, and their con- tributions in any city are a large major part of the total contri- butions to such communal charity.
As the pastor of a Presbyterian church which gave nearly $5,000 to foreign missions is quoted by The Presbyterian Banner:
more
'"We don't send money over there to have it distributed as charity among foreigners. Foreign mission funds are used for the employing of a great group of men and women to carry the Gospel outside of America. The money goes to salaries to American citizens laboring abroad, just as other sums go to workers in national missions here at home. If we should with- draw foreign mission support in our Church, we should simply throw 1,600 American citizens out of work."
A "'Pernicious Foreigner'
But the kindly looking Archbishop
Leopoldo Ruiz y Flores, deported from
his native soil, says it is not rebellion
to protest against Mexico's "'oppres- sive' religious laws.
eo ev iee RA RY TD. G:E- So ie
Mexico's Religious War Renewed
T WAS HIS FIRST TRIP IN AN AIRPLANE. Five years before he and seven others, Archbishops and Bishops all, had been sent out of Mexico by train.
But now the authorities were in such a tremendous hurry. It was at five o'clock that morning, and the sun not yet up, that they awakened him to tell him that he was a "pernicious for- eigner,"" he a Mexican born and bred, and that he must leave without delay. They said he had lost his citizenship by serving How? What had he said? That 'while there are Catholics in Mexico the Pope has the right to address them."
So Archbishop Leopoldo Ruiz y Flores, papal legate, might have ruminated as the plane, under the expert control of Cloyd Clevenger, American barnstorming aviator, sped north from Mexico City. With the aging Archbishop were two detectives and a relative, Carlos Corte.
A few hours later the plane was forced down at Tampico. From there the Arch- bishop crossed the hospitable border into what was once part of Mexico. Friends at Laredo took him in.
a foreign Power.
'Tue deportation was the climax of the latest phase in the perennial controversy between the Roman Catholic Chureh and the Mexican Government. Adjusted tem- porarlly in 1929 through the conciliatory intervention of Dwight W. Morrow, then Ambassador to the adjoining republic, the controversy flared up again when the Pope issued an encyclical in which, while coun- seling '"'formal cooperation'? in the ob- servance of Mexican laws, he renews his protests against the legal hindrances placed in the way of the Church.
The Mexican Government, the Pope declares, has broken its promise, for, after inducing the Catholic churches to reopen by undertaking to mitigate the harshness in the practical appli- cation of the religious law, it has redoubled its persecution of Catholi¢s and permitted a situation to arise whereby the clergy are practically excluded from some Mexican States.
Therefore he orders the priests to conform to the law by apply- ing for permits necessary to carry out their spiritual offices, but he urges all Catholics to protest against the law so that the priests' action will not be interpreted as approval of the anti- religious legislation. For, ''to approve such a law or sponta- neously to give true and proper cooperation," he says, "1s un- doubtedly illicit and sacrilegious. But absolutely different is the case of him who yields solely against his will and under protest."'
Van encyclical points out specifically that "'in the State of Michoacan one priest was assigned for every 33,000 of the faith- ful, in the State of Chiapas one for every 60,000, while in the State of Vera Cruz only one priest was to exercise the sacred ministry for every 100,000 of the inhabitants. Every one can see,'"' says the encyclical, '' whether it is possible with such restric- tions to administer the sacraments to so many people scattered for the most part over a vast territory."
Joining his protests to those of the Mexican clergy, the Pope would have the rulers of the nations "'realize that the persecu- tion of Mexico, besides being an outrage against God, against His Church, and against the conscience of a Catholic people, is also an incentive to the subversion of the social order, which is the aim of those organizations that profess to deny God."
The encyclical stirred up the embers of wrath in the official
20 bt
household. All Catholic churches in Mexico will be closed if the Catholic Church's attitude as "'shown in the recent Papal en- eyclical" should continue, says President Abelardo L. Rod- riguez. He characterizes the letter as an invitation to disobey the Mexican laws. Sharpening his rhetorical ax, he goes on:
"The present Government, which emanated from the revolu- tion, was founded on principles that included the complete spiritual liberation of the people, and it enjoys the full support of the nation's masses, which will not tolerate the dominion of a foreign Power.
"'Tf the insolent, defiant attitude shown in the recent encycli- cal continues, I am determined that the churches will be con- verted into schools and shops for the benefit of the nation's proletariat classes."
Bon protested Archbishop Flores, the President misunder- stands. The encyclical ''orders the clergy and the people not to rise up in arms, to tolerate the laws after exhausting all means of protest, and to intensify the practise of Christian life by means of Catholic religious instruction. . . . Pacifie opposition to the laws which are oppressive to religious rights can not be called rebellion. That is a duty which God Himself imposes, and is a lesson of sane democracy which the Church has given throughout the centuries."
As to the rights and status of the Pope, ''as long as there are Catholics in Mexico, the Pope has a right to address them,'"' says the Archbishop. 'The Pope can not be called a 'foreign Power' because it is through him that God and Jesus Christ rule over the world. Proof of this is that every civilized nation, and even those half-civilized, if they do not recognize the rights of the Holy See, at least do not interfere with its action among Catholics and non- Catholies, and order respect for the Church through full religious liberty, and, among the second, to preach the holy light of the evangel, source of the truest civilization."
'T aues moved rapidly. That night the Chamber of Deputies adopted unanimously a resolution urging the prelate's expulsion from Mexico as a ''pernicious foreigner."' A delegation of one hundred of them called on the President to inform him of the Chamber's resolution, and were met with the reply that he had already ordered the deportation. Then the delegation visited the home of Mexico's ''strong man,'"' Gen. Plutareo Elias Calles, former President. He announced his pleasure at the action, and said he was ready ''to occupy any position indicated in case this conflict should result in greater consequences."'
Thus is the issue between Church and State drawn again. The opinion that the Archbishop had lost his citizenship by his actions is upheld by Attorney-General Emilio Portes Gil, former President, who rules that ''the creation of the Vatican State had made the Vatican a foreign Power."
"The Pope's encyclical is a declaration of war,' says El Nacional, government organ:
"Tt attempts to create a state of convulsion in Mexico under the pretext of defense of religious doctrines that in reality are nothing but economic interests which the Church now needs. . ..
'This feigned personality (meaning the Pope), who by some nations has been made to believe that he is an international per- sonage, speaks and acts like a petty king. His domain would fit within our Federal District; nevertheless, he believes that he
rules anywhere there may be a cross, or a Jesuit cassock darkens the atmosphere... .
"It is very dangerous to attempt to govern in another's house."'
Other leading Mexican papers leave the matter severely alone.
From Vatican City comes news that the Vatican authorities believe the Mexican Government is deliberately rejecting the peaceful solution offered in the encyclical and is seeking a new cause for conflict. According to an Associated Press dispateh, Vatican State authorities fear that certain elements among Mexican Catholics may get out of control as a result of the Arch- bishop's expulsion and that trouble will follow.
Li TE RAR Ye DasGieeos
O CUO. BiERwe cece; Sale ieeZ
Shaw's ''Shofar-Blast"'
ORNERED AMONG THE MALVERN HILLS in the English Midlands, the great ''Irish Bull" lets out a roar that echoes to Palestine and back.
It is his ''Shofar-blast" for the Jews, and, as some of them feel it, time has not dulled the edge of Shavian spite.
In fancy, at least, they see pure venom trickling down his beard.
The prophet of Socialism has as little regard for Jews as Jews as he has for the Irish as Irish.
The Jews the world over were heralding in the year 5693, as it is according to the ancient Hebrew calendar. The traditional sounding of the ram's horn or ''shofar" occurs at certain times during the celebration as a reminder to all Jews of their duty to live lives of righteousness.
For the occasion The American Hebrew and Jewish Tribune (New York) commissioned its London correspondent, M. J. Woddis, to obtain a statement from George Bernard Shaw. Mr. Woddis had braved the ''Bull'"' before, and was informed then that Mr. Shaw, being a journalist himself, strongly objected to having his opinions represented at second hand. But Mr. Woddis tried again, with better success. He cornered Mr. Shaw in the Midlands, and suggested that he set the example of good fellowship by sounding a ''Shofar-blast"' to all nations. This is the blast Mr. Shaw blew:
'"This craving for bouquets is a symptom of racial degeneration.
"The Jews are worse than my own people, the Irish, at it.
"Those Jews who still want to be the chosen race--chosen by the late Lord Balfour--can go to Palestine and stew in their own juice. The rest had better stop being Jews, and start being human beings. The day of races and nations is over. The future belongs to the citizens of the world who know that they
*are no better than other people.
"Let the great human community swallow up the Hittite as the Hittite swallowed up the Canaanite; both are now anachron- isms. Why should I encourage their contempt for me by flatter- ing them?
"Do not accuse me of Jiidenschmerz: it is a more weakening disease than Jiidenheze. Fishing for compliments and playing for sympathy will not cure either of them.
"You asked for a 'shofar-blast,' and now you have got it."
Tan Shavian premise, replies The American Hebrew and Jewish Tribune mildly, deals with Jews as a race or a nation, and with their uniqueness as such amidst the races and nations whose day, according to Mr. Shaw, is over. But, says this Jewish voice:
"There is a vast and increasing group of Jews who stress their uniqueness, and accordingly their sense of survival, on the score of religion only. These, whose 'problem' is neither racial nor national, nor schmerzlich, conceive of themselves as Jews who belong to the citizens of the world and who are possest
of a unique spiritual contribution which they are destined to make to the world.
'""How about Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, the two most unique Jewish Holy Days, in which there is neither racial nor national implication--only spiritual?"'
Reproof, bitter and direct, comes from Rabbi Louis I. Newman, of New York, in his Rosh Hashana sermon. Shaw, he says, has been known for some time as ''a venomous foe of Israel and has written hateful opinions regarding the Jews."
To some Shaw is better on a saxophone than on Gabriel's horn. 'The Shayian pronouncement,' comments the New York Times, ''will always be the exact opposite of what the proprieties require. Ask Mr. Shaw to say something at the dedication of a home for aged authors, and it is as certain as death or taxes that he will say there should be no home for aged authors, but that all writers should be allowed to starve to death. He always gives a splendid performance on the saxophone; but the trumpet of the Day of Judgment--hardly."
OG TO Bie 2:2) "TO 3:2 ae ERT ERARY DIGEST v2.
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE
REAL VALUES
IN LONG DISTANCE SERVICE
STATION-TO-STATION CALLS COST ABOUT
15% less after '7:00 p.m.
MNO less after 8:30 p.m.
Station-to-Station Lone Distance telephone rates are low, the day
DAYTIME RATES (4:30 a.m.--7:00 P.M.) through. But twice each day the rates for station-to-
station calls -- those on which you will talk with any one who answers--are exceptionally low. Beginning at 7 o'clock in the evening, rates are reduced about 15 per cent, varying between 10 and 20 per cent, on nearly all station-to-station calls where the day rate is more than 35c. At 8:30 the rates drop approximately 40 per cent under daytime cost. These unusual values last until 4:30 in the morning.
For social and personal long distance calls, these
evening and night rates are always popular.
Station-to-Station And now business men are finding evening and EVENING RATES : : (7:00 p.Mm.--8:30 P.M.) night telephone calls a most economical way of trans-
acting out-of-town business after hours. Branch man- agers, for instance, hold helpful, inexpensive discussions with executives at their homes. Salesmen report to their chiefs; or make appointments with customers for the next day. Officials in different cities confer as easily as though in the same city block.
Today, business men are turning to Long Distance for economy. It gets results--at a saving of time and money. Long Distance rates have been reduced four
times in the past few years. Consult your local telephone
directory to see how low they really are.
Station-to-Station
Ces aes a ey Or ask the operator for the rate to any city.
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Detecting Liars
HEN THE LIAR LIS, he does a lot of other things too, and if we ean catch him doing them, why, then we ean catch him lying.
This new branch of knowledge is only ten or twelve years old. and it seems that it is developing rapidly into an exact science,
Happily, it is also used to absolve the innocent by finding, when grilled, that they show no guilty reactions.
The liar's blood-pres- sure grows Jumpy when he hes, for one thing; so does his pulse, his breath- ing changes; even his glands secrete more or of their products into the blood-stream and cause symptoms that ean. be detected.
His chances of getting by are growing slimmer
less
and slimmer.
Leonarde Keeler, one of the early workers with Chief of Police Vollmer in this field, writes an interesting article on the recent developments in Hygeia (Chieago). We are told:
'In the last two years Illinois and near-by States have provided a wealth of material for deception tests with the polygraph--a_ total of more than 2,000 suspects having been examined in that time. In 1929, at Joliet penitentiary, I ex- amined 500 convicts. It was found that convicts' blood-pressure and res- piration changes during deception were not, by any measurements, inferior in extent to those of an ordinary virtuous citizen. Even two old-time 'poker-face' card sharks were readily detected.
'Since the summer of 1930, through the Northwestern Uni- versity Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, polygraph ex- aminations have led to confessions and clues to evidence in all sorts of thefts, varying from petty purloining of university groups to burglaries, robberies, and bank embezzlement, and, in other crimes, from malingering for insurance collection and anonymous letter-writing to sex offenses and murders.
'"Much of the satisfaction derived from this work naturally comes from the clearing of innocent suspects. Two collection agents dropt into Black Creek, Wisconsin, one day last year and, before the day had passed, were arrested on a charge of bank robbery. The defending lawyer asked to have them examined on the 'lie detector.'
'Both men readily submitted and gave clear curves. A report to the effect that the men were innocent was supplemented by a demonstration before the judge, but he saw fit to rule that the evidence was inadmissible. On the third day, two robbers who confessed to the Black Creek robbery were caught in Minneapolis. When they were brought before the bank employees, they were positively and unhesitatingly identified.
""Altho the practical polygraph deception test has been used successfully for the past ten years on thousands of criminal suspects and others, a great deal of research remains to be done. New improvements are being developed in the apparatus, new indicators are being added and, month by month, the technic be- comes more reliable. 'Some day, some form of deception technic based on the recording of bodily changes will probably be used by many law-enforeing agencies, as are the finger-print and radio systems, which have already become standard adjuncts to police departments."
D9
Courtesy of Hygeia (Chicago)
Taking the Lie Test
Mental Tests for Motorists
N A MUGGY, EARLY OCTOBER AFTERNOON two years ago, William Ullman--so he tells us in his Feature Service (Washington)--sat in on a conference
of motor-vehicle commissioners, who were debating the question of psychological tests for those seeking motor-vehicle operator's permits.
Apart from the spokesman of the occasion, an enthusiastic advocate of the new deal in testing the attitude of a majority of the officials in the room seemed to be respectful, nothing more.
Certainly there was no enthusiastic response to the idea that by exploring the minds of motorists the traffic authority might trace down the real causes of highway accidents. But time brings change. He goes on:
drivers,
by
"One by one, since that : time, the State motor- ea vehicle officials who com- : posed that audience have become converts. until to-day only a few die- hards stand outside the fold.
"Witnessing these con- versions, proponents of applying a mental yard- stick to would-be motor- ists have become con- vineed that it merely is a matter of time until such a course will be followed. And the time, they believe, is destined to be shorter than the innocent motorist ex- pects.
""The reasons for this change of heart on the = : Bae ot ee part of the men whose = hr tesaydteoteretios life is an endless quest ath PEEL EAN TOAD Sapte
' 4. 2 2 ae
The Money iii jisi:
for street and highway {
safety are not far to seek. Accident statistics are more thoroughgoing and truly reflective of actual conditions than ever be- fore.
"For one thing, they reveal that the erstwhile
Did you steal ni af
t ioe The Money gid PEPYS BS as Courtesy of Hygeia (Chicago) Lie and Truth
One subject made both records. The upper is the "'lie'' record, the lower
tendency to 'estimate' one is when he told the truth.
the mechanical factor as
causing from 8 to 10 per cent. of all motor mishaps was giving the driver entirely too much of a break. Moreover, the assump- tion that road, weather, and other conditions external to the actual handling of the car-controls accounted for another 15 per cent. also is shown to be an overestimate.
"The cold fact is that more complete and earefully analyzed accident data tend to support the theory that from 85 to 90 per cent. of all mishaps are directly traceable to the human element.
"Viewing this unbiased evidence, then, the motor-vehicle official is coming around to the theory that he had better begin to go into the mental qualifications of those who operate auto- mobiles. He has a strong feeling that the difference between a safe driver and an unsafe one will turn out to be some quality resident in their respective mentalities.
"So the driver psychological-test movement gathers momen- tum daily."
een ae
OICLY O'BresRe 2°2F
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eee PER AR YY! D:GES T 23
68
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oe,
bee *. Ser RAND Cee
eae te
SS NSS =
iS a OOK at these big, husky, keen-
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They mean more to your safety today than ever before, for the simple reason that there are more tread-bare, gripless, slick and slippery tires on the road today than at any time in history.
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Give your car the protection of the safest and best tread that money can buy=
the time-tested Goodyear All-Weather.
You can see why this tire is safer, because you can see the sure-footed, hold-fast traction in the center of the tread, where it belongs.
You can check your judgment against the world, by remembering that more people ride on Goodyear Tires than on any other kind!
And at present price-levels, you can say to yourself: '"'Why take chances on any second-choice tire when FIRST-choice costs no more?"'
24 THE LITERARY DiERGESer
Dams That Stood an Earthquake
HREE CALIFORNIA DAMS, built either across or very near the fault-line of the great earthquake of 1906, stood the shock so well that they are still doing good service. ; This shows that a well-built structure of this type has naught to fear from earthquakes. Says The Engineering News Record (New York):
"Interest attaches to the record of three dams of the San Francisco Water Department built before the 1906 earthquake along the San Andreas earthquake fault-line. Two of these are earthfills right on the fault and at right-angles to it; the third, a large concrete dam, is parallel to and about one-quarter mile
Courtesy of The Enginecring News Record (New York)
Visible Evidence of the Quake
The eight-foot offset in the fence shows where the fault-line passes through Upper Crystal Springs dam. Road and fence were straight before the quake, East of the fault it remained.
West of the fault the dam moved.
to one side of the fault. In the readjustment of the earth's crust during the quake, the entire coast-line west of the fault moved bodily to the north up to a maximum of 12 feet. The two earth dams, altho actually sheared by the movement, were not seriously damaged, and not the slightest damage was sustained by the large concrete structure near by.
"The San Andreas fault runs along the San Mateo peninsula in a northwesterly direction, roughly paralleling the Pacific coast shore line. Through San Mateo County the fault follows a long narrow rift or valley, in the upper end of which are several reservoirs used for storing the city's water supply. A ten-mile length of this valley is occupied by reservoirs formed by the three dams already mentioned.
'After the quake there were many evidences of movement along the fault, such as fences or rows of orchard-trees that were offset six to twelve feet. In all these offsets it was the westerly side of the fault that had moved along the fault in a northwesterly direction. That is, all of the mountains and valleys of the peninsula to the west of the fault appear to have shifted bodily northward. The greatest movement occurred at the fault and decreased with the distance from it. Altho the reservoirs were nearly full at the time, this movement did not open up even temporary outlets, and no leakage or water loss was observed."
The methods of construction in the two earth dams, we are told, consisted of cutting a core-trench down to bedrock, filling this and carrying the core on up as the fill progressed, with puddled clay, which was placed in thin layers, thoroughly spaded and tightly rammed. Material in the remainder of the dam was laid in ten-inch layers inclining downward toward the center, each layer being compacted with a three-ton roller.
ONC STORBRE Ry rears lero
Mental Activity in Dreams
HINKERS, SCHOLARS, artists, and inventors have
repeatedly asserted that they have suddenly and un-
expectedly found in a dream the solution of a problem, the motive for a work of art, or the clearing up of a difficult thought which, in spite of their efforts, they had for days or weeks been unable to find while awake.
On the other hand, distinguished scholars have disputed such a possibility, and called it a delusion or error of memory.
Who is right? It is clear, says Professor Baege of the Uni- versity of Jena, writing in the Jllustrirte Zeitung (Leipzig), that our attitude depends entirely upon our conception of the nature and accomplishment of sleep and dreams. He proceeds:
"He who sees in a dream a special manifestation of psychie forces, or perhaps the effect of special psychic faculties, will be inclined to accept the alleged processes.
''He who, on the other hand, sees in sleep absolute rest of mind, physiologically speaking a condition of paralysis of the entire brain, must contest the possi- bility of any kind of production during sleep.
''Modern investigation of sleep has proven that neither of these two opposité points of view corresponds with the facts. Special psychié forces do not operate in a dream, nor does the entire activity of the brain rest during sleep, but it is always--perhaps with the excep- tion of sound sleep, which lasts but one hour or one hour and a half--only part of the brain that rests. Some parts of the brain do not go to sleep, but--particularly after overstimulation or overexertion--continue to work.
''Invention, device, and discovery ultimately are attributable to a connection made between certain premises and a certain conclusion. The basis of our assumption is: first, the existence of a great number of connecting lines in the brain which are created by ob- servation, experience, and profound absorption in a problem; next, an active imagination (or, to express it physiologically, ability to let the nerve currents stream into new channels); and, finally, a constant stimulation of the connection-processes from the direction of the conclusion. nt
"When an artist, scholar, or inventor works at a problem for days and weeks, he directs (to continue in the physiological metaphor) stimulating currents into various nerve-tracks, sometimes from the functioning centers of the premises, sometimes from the conclusion. From the moment of their union, the invention or dis- covery has been made, and a new theory has been found."'
U nouk extraordinary circumstances, Professor Baege tells us, this connection-process also may take place during sleep, or to express it more correctly, in a state resembling sleep, as appears from answers to an inquiry addrest by Professor Hoche of Freiburg to a hundred university professors. We read:
"One professor states that in his thesis for a doctor's degree he had encountered mathematical difficulties. One evening he retired to bed, greatly deprest because he had failed to solve his problem. He slept badly, for his brain continued to labor at its task. When he awoke the next morning, he had found the solution. ;
"Another scholar reports that during the day he had been busy deciphering a Coptic text, of which one word was par- ticularly difficult. When at last he lay down to sleep, he began to examine the text in his dream; in doing so, he encountered the difficulty again, and then it suddenly occurred to him that he might find the difficult form of this word in a certain place in the dictionary. He awoke, arose at once, looked it up, and immediately found the solution.
"However, what is said to have 'happened in a dream' is not a real dream occurrence--for then the activity of the center is suspended, and with it also the faculty of logical thinking--but a continuation of labor by certain parts of the brain, while other parts are at rest. Briefly, in a real dream, owing to the sus- pension of the activities of the center, we are not at all in the position to form logical judgments.
"What appears in our dream experiences to be judgment is not the result of the attitude of the ego toward the thought- substance, but the effect of the substance, still arranged according to judgment from the waking state.
"Thus, in the conception of artistic notions as well as in the solution of scientific problems, the so-called achievement of
Orem OER a 2t2s,
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"4,0Inc UP...
BOARD a modern* elevator and give the operator your destination. She presses a button, shifts a lever, and up into the air you go. On the indicator panel you watch the floors march by. Fifteen, six- teen, seventeen -- then yours. Carefully and safely your landing is reached and you are set again upon your way. Within the span of a few short seconds, you have been transported hundreds of feet off the face of the earth.
By what revolutionary improvements in elevator construction has this fine vertical conveyance been perfected? By the Otis self-leveling feature which finds the exact level of your floor. By the Otis automatic door openers and closers which handle the doors quickly and quietly. By the Otis signal- control system which never keeps you waiting and never lets the car pass your floor. By these and many other ingenious devices conceived and put into practical use by the engineers of Otis
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Otis engineers have not thought their work com- plete with the perfecting of fine new elevators. They have also adapted their improvements and inven- tions to the older elevator models. Thus, under the Otis Modernization Plan, fine vertical transpor- iation is today within the means of every build- ing owner.
If the elevators in your building are not in tip- top condition and do not give the very best in ser- vice, speak to the building owner about it. Suggest that he get full details of the Otis Modernization Plan. The engineers at the local Otis office will be glad to accommodate him and without obligation.
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the dream is restricted by the fact that the final connection between the premises and ' the conclusion, which was near but still ' sought in vain in the waking condition, is | made in the partial state of sleep.
This also has been shown by a story of | the chemist, Kekulé.' While he was sitting half-asleep near the fireplace, the theory of the benzol ring was formed. Here, too, it was a matter of thought-processes, long and frequently carried on and_ nearly brought to a solution, which suddenly found their logical conclusion. The removal of various obstacles present in the waking condition, which takes place in such a state of dozing, and the characteristic intensification of the intuitive faculty, have no doubt a large share in reaching the conelusion.
What Short-Wave Radiations Do for Us
ADIATION of various kinds seems to bring about profound changes in the
erowth of living things, particularly with seeds or primary cells, according to Orestes H. Caldwell, editor of Electronics and Radio Retarling.
Speaking before the Rotary Club, at Greenwich, Connecticut, on the subject of "Radio, the Electric Eye, and the Next Five Years,'? Mr. Caldwell said, as sum- marized in a press bulletin issued by the Newspaper Service Bureau of the McGraw- Hill publications (New York):
Abundant testimony is now given by science that even human beings, at the top of the pyramid of living things, are merely the creatures of the particular high- frequency ether bombardments which we (or our ancestors) underwent while in some nascent state of evolution.
Now comes, across the Atlantic, news of Mezzadroli's experiments, in Bologna, with two-meter waves on_ seeds, etc. Development is far more rapid, irraciated onions, for example, blooming ten days before non-irradiated control plants; the characteristics persist to a great degree in the next and subsequent generations; a special tendency obtains to produce varia- tions and sports, and these are also usually hereditary. Little irradiation is needed; in the case of the onions above mentioned, exposure was for thirty minutes per day for ten days only. Good effects on silkworms were also recorded.
Experiments with X-rayed seeds are being carried out at Schenectady, New York, with the Coolidge high-speed tube, to produce new and curious varieties of toma- toes, sunflowers, and cosmos, by X-raying the seeds, seedlings, and bulbs, of the vari- ous plants before planting them.
Goodspeed and Olson at the University of California have already produced new tobaccos; Stadler, at the University of -Missouri, new grains; and Sprague has increased the production of potatoes by irradiating the seed tubers.
A yariety of cotton has already been grown from X-rayed seed in which the seed is free from lint. Another type of cotton gives monstrous seeds. Both of these variations, if successfully carried out, would work remarkable changes in the ginning process and in obtaining more than the usual amount of cottonseed-meal.
The mechanism of these changes is only
| poorly understood at present, but it is
O'G' RO' BER e2t2e Caine.
evidently tied up with modifications in the chromosomes--the determiners of heredity which lie at the centers of the cell nuclei-- under the ionizing force of the X-ray or short-wave radiations.
Trapping Crooks With Knots
NOTS in rope, cord, or string con- nected with a crime are now as care- fully preserved as finger-prints by crim-
Courtesy of Popular Mechanics (Chicago)
A Knotty Problem
Crime investigator studying samples of various kinds of knots; the way a cord is tied often identifies the person who tied it.
inologists who have found that the type of knot often gives a clue to the idertity of the criminal.
Tims is due to the fact that different types of people, as well as people in various occupations, from force of habit tie par- ticular types of knots. Says Popular Mechanics (Chicago) :
Textile workers, for example, use the weavers' knot, cattlemen and people used to horses often use the Texas bowline, lumbermen and truckmen the timber hitch, physicians the surgeons' knot, farmers the Tom Fool's knot, and seamen use several distinctive ties.
These and many others are carefully tabulated and placed on exhibit where crime investigators compare the speci- mens with clues, such as bundle-wrappings or knots used to bind victims.
In one case, where nearly all the evi- dence pointed to the theory that a seaman had been thrown to his death from a boat, an alert detective proved this unlikely by showing the knots used to tie the victim's feet were the work of a landlubber.
In another instance, knots used in tying bundles of narcotics together led to seizure of a gang of dope pedlers, because the knots were similar to those used previously in a smuggled shipment in which the shipper was known.
Not only.can an expert tell an occupa- tional knot, but he can also tell something of the person who tied it. He knows if the knot is right- or left-handed, and he studies it for additional kinks or twists often put in by force of habit by the person making the knot. In such instances, a detective may build a conclusive case against a sus- pect by merely asking him to knot a piece of twine. RY
Beco BER = 2219 3:2 Drowning From Dizziness
UPPLEMENTING our recent article
on "Fewer Deaths by Drowning,"
Dr. Samuel Zwerling, of Brooklyn, New
York, writes to Tur Diaxst of a cause of
drowning that is little known to the general public. He says:
Drowning can be put down to many
causes, but a cause little known and less understood by the laity is the contact of the
-- eold water with the wall of the internal ear
| )
in those patients who are suffering from a
_chronic ear discharge; or in those patients
where the ear discharge has ceased and a perforation remains in the drum; or where a chronic suppuration has existed and all or part of the drum is absent.
The direct contact of the cold water with the outer wall of the internal ear produces a '"'reversed flow"' in the semicircular canals
of the labyrinth. This disturbance pro-
duees dizziness. This phenomenon ean also be produced where the ear-drum is intact, by bringing cold water in direct contact with the drum membrane.
We have all had the sensation of dizzi- ness regardless of the producing cause, so it is not difficult to understand why, under such circumstances, a swimmer, experienc- ing a sudden sense of dizziness under the water, loses his sense of direction with the resulting fright, confusion, and panic. The longer such a swimmer remains under the water the greater the amount of dizziness, with resulting inability to reach the sur- face, and unforfunately drowning results.
The advice for those who have or have
_had ear trouble is:
1. Keep your head out of the water and so avoid not only dizziness, but recurrence of a previous ear discharge.
2. Do not dive or swim under water, because you may become dizzy and drown.
Negroes Growing Lighter
EGROKES in America are becoming
lighter in color, as a race, but a con- siderable range in duskiness of skin will always be found among them, says Science News Letter, a Science Service publication (Washington).
This conclusion, we are told, results from a study of assortative mating for color among Negroes made by Dr. Irene Barnes Taeuber of Mount Holyoke College, and presented before the Third International Congress of Eugenics. We read:
Little new white blood is now entering the Negro racial mixture in America, Dr. Taeuber stated. Nevertheless the race as a whole is growing lighter, due to crossings with the lighter-colored stock already in existence. The unmixed Negroes are a dwindling group: their percentage among parents at present is 29, as against only 14 per cent. of pure-blooded Negroes among the offspring.
"he American Negro population of the future will probably be more homogeneous as to ancestry," said Dr. Taeuber; 'there will be a smaller percentage of unmixed Negroes, a larger percentage with half or more Negro ancestry, and a smaller per- centage who pass as Negroes, but have more white than Negro ancestry. The segregation process operative in the in- heritance of pigmentation will prevent the development of a population of one uni- form hue."' ;
as
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THE LITERARY (DIGEST
PERSONAL
OCTOBER 22-25 a7 3ra
GLIMPSES
Light 50,000,000 Candles for Night Golf
ORE wo for golf widows!
It used to be that hubby would drift in some time during the evening to lie about his score. Nature attended to that. Night comes inevitably, and you can't play golf in the dark and expect to get very far with it. Nor are you likely to spend the whole night in a locker-room post mortem session.
Butno more. Clever illumination engineers (bachelors?) have changed all that. And now the golf widow can count herself lucky if her mate comes home for break- fast.
Gour played under floodlights has joined the parade of sports that have tried to turn night into day.
Baseball, football, tennis. They've all burned the midnight oil. And, it must be pointed out, the urge to play and watch them after dinner seems to be on the wane.
Will night golf last? The idea of lights on the links is not, in the strictest sense, brand new. We have already mentioned, in general discussions of night sports, ex- periments along this line in Savannah and Kansas City. And as far back as five years ago Gene Sarazen, present United States and British open champion, gave an exhibition of night golf at Briarcliff Lodge, New York.
Bor the lighting of the Ingleside golf course, near San Francisco, where the combined radiance of 50,000,000 candles shines on after-dinner players, has resulted in an exceptionally complete description of how the floodlight system works. Tom White is the author of this interesting account, syndicated by the Philadelphia Public Ledger.
On the night the course was opened recently, Mr. White tells us:
A gallery of 5,000 curious spectators-- 99 per cent. golfers--thronged the course, all eagerly on tiptoe to find out what it was about.
The majority were frankly skeptical; the balance about equally divided between those who were sure it couldn't be done and those who felt that it might but nevertheless had to be shown.
Illustration by courtesy of the Philadelphia Sunday Public Ledger
A Man-Made Midnight Sun Lights golfers and gallery on a night round at Ingleside.
"Just how easy is it going to be to follow the flight of the ball?"'
"How about getting out of the rough?"
"What's going to happen to my ap- proach work?--that's my chief trouble."
"Will artificial lights ruin my putting or help it?--or what?"
These and scores of similar questions were fully and completely answered before
the gallery reached the third green as they followed close on the heels of the last of the three exhibition foursomes.
The fact is, answers to these pressing questions--and all questions having to do with his game are vitally important to the golfer--are best summed up from the cards turned in by the twelve exhibition players, all of whom have many times played the course during daylight hours. These are the scores:
One man stroked the nine holes by ar- tificial light in four under regular daytime par, another was two under par, a third man was one under, four shot an even par, three were one over and two were two over. Among the ladies, the San Francisco city champion, Jean Flint, shot a 45.
Ss much for the question that, perhaps, interests the average golfer most--the question of how the lights will affect his score. Now for an account of the lighting system that will enable him to stay out all night:
Lighting equipment for the first nine holes at the San Francisco course has been planned and arranged with the sole aim of providing ample visibility at all points. This means ample light with proper direc- tion and screening of light sources or stations.
These stations were designed only after
a
OCT OBER 322). 93
all possible drives or strokes were studied; and to insure plenty of coverage the ques- tion of beam-spread was likewise gone into carefully.
In this respect lenses play a leading part. The plain lenses give a narrow beam-spread for long range, the lightly stippled lenses throw a medium-length beam for the middle distances, and the heavily stippled lenses furnish a wide beam-spread at short range.
In those few cases where units have been unavoidably directed in such a way that direct light or secondary beams might set up a glare, this condition has been remedied by the use of circular louvers placed within the offending units. Altho the secondary light is eliminated, this in no way affects the power of the floodlight unit.
The entire system is made up of twenty- six stations, or lighting units, which, with three exceptions, are mounted on cross-arms at the tops of poles from sixty-five to seventy feet high, each unit consisting of from one to ten 1,500-watt lamps. All lamps are set in closed type projectors; that is, each lamp burns within a weather- proof aluminum projector body capable of being swung in any position, and which is fitted with a glass reflector and lens.
To meet ''the varying conditions through- out the length of the course,'' there are
"fifty-one lamps having clear lenses for
long range, sixty-eight with lightly stippled lenses for medium range, and ten heavily stippled lenses for short-distance duty, or a total of 129 lamps.'' Reading on:
Banks of floodlights have been placed
_ near the tees and at points along the fair-
ways, throwing their beams in the direec- tion of the next green. Each floodlight has a range of from 200 to 600 yards, depending upon the type of lens used, or more than enough to cover thoroughly the distance from tee to green.
The San Francisco host is now offering his friends a new and altogether different form of entertainment known as the golf dinner. Plus-fours supplant the conven- tional dinner coat at these affairs; and when coffee and cigars are served it is the signal for collecting the bags and loading them into the car. Within a half hour or less the foursome is warming up at the first tee.
In every-day language, "just how much light is thrown on the fairways and rough?" Mr. White asks. Answering his rhetorical question without delay, he assures us that engineers are quite specific, declaring that "there is twice as much light on the fair- ways and in the rough as is ordinarily thrown on an office desk." Further, we read in The Public Ledger:
What about following the flight of the ball with the eye? And what are the chances, if any, of finding it when it lands or rolls out of bounds?
Professionals are authority for the state- ment that it is actually easier to follow the ball at night than in the daytime, explaining that the white ball stands out more sharply against the black night sky than when driven into the pale blue or dazzling brilliance of a daytime sky.
Fewer balls are lost out of bounds, either in the grass or on bare ground, as the white balls reflect artificial light more readily than does the green grass or brown- ish-yellow ground.
Ter PI WERPAARSY: IDIl GEST
A nervous 'WRECK
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E's all dragged out both mentally H and physically. Hard to get along with. Irritable. Nervous. Jumpy. He knows it himself, but doesn't know why. What a pity someone doesn't tell him-- before he cracks! .-
Sometimes habits that appear trifling exact severe penalties. The coffee habit is one of these. Many people, of course, can enjoy coffee without suffering from sleeplessness, nervousness or other un- pleasant effects--but not everyone. For coffee contains caffein--a drug that in many cases raises havoc with rest, nerves and digestion. The reason is not hard to find...
Caffein is a stimulant. If you are one of those with whom it does not agree, caffein can whip your nerves into action though they may be crying for rest. It can make your body put forth energy beyond the safe limits of endurance. Then reserve strength is squandered. And slow- ly but surely breakdown approaches.
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Ladylike "Pains in the Neck''
O women give you '"'a pain in the neck''?
The kind of women, that is, who at 'the slightest hint of sympathetic understand- ing . . . go wistful on your hands."
There's one woman who feels her neck grow painful when she meets one of that kind. She is Mrs. Elizabeth Morey, a college graduate, a wife, and the mother of two children.
In a recent issue of The Forum she airs her grievance. It seems to her that she knows a thousand ''ever-yearning Mels- sandes, each wearing an aura of unhappi- ness as if it lent her an air of distinction. One sees them in Paris, London, Chicago, New York. One meets them in every suburb and small town. And I, for one, am certainly tired of them!"" And particu- larly, Mrs. Morey continues:
I am out of patience with the group which is most righteous in its attitude, the college women whom marriage and child rearing have deprived of opportunity for self-expression.
How many such we all know: women of supposed intelligence, who pine and sigh because the responsibilities of home and motherhood leave them no time for develop- ing their talents!
But I seem to stand alone in my im- patience with these matrons. Sociologists fret over them, men capable of more fruit- ful occupation write books about them. Causes and movements spring up to serve them.
For decades they have been the piéce de résistance of feminist agitators who see in their thwarted potentialities the hope of a starving world. Well, maybe so. But in my own opinion we are not worth half the fuss that is made over us.
As a group we have commonly shared at least two approaches to attainment. Most of us have had many more, but I will stick
"to the two which have been shared by all of
us: college and marriage.
What did marriage offer as a challenge to our resources?
All normal marriages provide three separate fields for conquest: as wives, housekeepers, and mothers, we have had three chances to attain some distinction. These are not trivial opportunities. In- deed, the problems of marital adjustment, home making, and child development have been the focal points of some of the most brilliant thinking of our time. They have produced some of the most profound dis- coveries and revolutionary ideas of our era. In marrying, we projected ourselves into the midst of psychological and sociological materials of prime importance.
Next the critical Mrs. Morey wants to know what her sisters have done with these opportunities. Not much, we find her indicating as we read on in her Forum discussion:
Almost to a woman we failed to seize our chances.
Our approach to the adjustments neces- sary to suecessful marriage was unpro- fessional to say the least. As brides we had expectations so empyrean, ambitions so diffuse, that we searcely bothered to think about the young men beside us.
Indeed, most of us worried more about
the abrogation of our independence, and the opinion of our neighbors, than we did about the profound emotional satisfactions at stake in our unions. Hardly one of us nourished even the simple ideal of making our husband the most happily married man in his community. In a stingy, self-cen- tered way we were catching at happiness for ourselves. To do a first-rate job as wives never became our definite aim.
As for attempting to analyze the function of the home, and to create in our living quarters a harmonious environment for the varied tastes and occupations of the mem- bers of our family, it never occurred to us. We followed the conventional routine of house furnishing and keeping without question. We didn't even make a scientific study of the mechanical processes involved in housework, with a view to conserving our energies and subordinating daily chores to their secondary place.
As mothers we have fretted and stewed and kept charts and strained spinach. The doctors and school-teachers have seen to that. But the more profound questions have escaped us. How many of us have conscientiously attempted to analyze the problems which will face our children in this chaotic world, and to create an environ- ment calculated to prepare them for it?
How many of us have done our best to supply in our homes the poise and generos- ity, the atmosphere of good-will and emotional repose without which superficial techniques are a joke? Not a handful. We have trailed around after our children like so many bespectacled hens. There is little distinction in that.
I can hear a chorus of protests. Some may say, "' Well, I grant you all this, but what of it? I never have claimed that sociology, or psychology, or scientific man- agement, any of them, was my forte. My talents lie elsewhere." This is a fair enough answer. Others may say, ''But I am a good wife, a good mother. My family is happy and well cared for; I like my home and take pride in it--but still I am bored and discontented. I need some further outlet for the full expression of my talents.'' This, too, sounds possible.
6 eee Mrs. Morey questions her discontented friends as to the sort of work they'd like to do, they usually reply, ''Some kind of writing," or ''An editorial job,"' or "Interior decorating,' or ''Work in a
museum.'' Such replies do not augur well,
she observes as she proceeds in The Forum:
They reflect dilettantes' attitudes, hang- overs of Victorian aspirations. They are the leftovers of casual A. B. work in a female college before the war.
A woman who really wants to branch out from her home into a more active life does not set about it by looking wistful, or by wishing she had some pleasant part-time work. She does it by preparing herself for some sort of activity and by looking per- sistently for a chance to demonstrate her ability.
A woman of my acquaintance who had held a good job before marriage, and found herself in a small suburban community, cramped by partial payments on a house, and a baby, and with boredom heavy on her hands, joined her village women's club, put in two years as assistant editor of their club paper, and then as editor-in-chief made within a year's time such a phenom- enal success of the little sheet that she was
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She liked the work, it brought in enough money to pay for a good maid and gave her time and energy to enjoy her home. Yet her situation would have seemed hopeless to most women.
Another woman I know--she too did all her own work--invested about ten dollars in cheap toys, applied a little educational theory to her selections, and made up travel-boxes for children, according to their ages and interests. She did this for two years, selling her products through Wo- men's Exchanges. As far as I know she made no money. But she learned enough about wrapping packages and figuring costs and pleasing grandmothers to secure a part-time job as a party expert in a fancy toy shop, where she spent three hours a day with five other college women who amused and stimulated her--and she paid for a housekeeper out of her earnings.
Now these two women's jobs may not seem very interesting to a third person, but they did to the people who held them, and the point of their tales is that whereas neither of them had in any way unusual ability or vitality, they knew what they wanted, and they seized simple opportuni- ties which came to hand as approaches to their desired ends.
A High-Flying Style Show for Alaskan Belles
HE flying dress-shop flashed with a Rew. out of the blue sky and swooped down to land on the bay of a little Alaskan fishing village.
All the villagers--Eskimos, Indians, whites--were there to weleome Herb Cole- man, the flying dress salesman, and his pilot as they popped out of the cabin of the plane and jumped ashore.
The shop has come to the shoppers, and, says a writer in The American Weekly, ''a holiday of buying begins.''
We eae by his pilot, Coleman, who runs a dress-shop in the town of Ketchikan, but finds it profitable to make regular flying trips to see his patrons in more distant spots, begins to spread out the array of ''the latest feminine finery amid a chatter of excited conversation, punc- tuated by the cries of papooses and barking dogs.'' And, we read:
Coats and dresses are draped on the sides of weather-beaten rocks, and hung on the gunwales of boats and on salmon- racks, which exude an entirely different perfume from that which meets the nostrils of fair customers in the apparel salons of New York or Hollywood or Palm, Beach. But the excited clientele doesn't mind a little thing like that.
'A smoke-house usually serves as a dressing-room,'' says Coleman, ''and the place is soon crowded with women, old and young, trying on dresses, jackets, and coats.
"My patrons don't bother to take off their working clothes. They put the new garments on right over their Mother Hub- bards and their shawls.
"You couldn't ask for better customers. They never want to look at themselves in
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THE LITERARY? Di Gist
a mirror, and they never demand altera- tions. In fact, none of the women seems to care a rap about fit.
"T remember one wrinkled old Indian mother, a copper-faced matron of ample proportions, who took a great fancy to a fur-trimmed coat. 'I take him,' she said. 'How much?' I told her the coat sold for $60.
"Without hesitation she peeled six ten- dollar bills from a roll which she had eached in the bosom of her Mother Hub- bard, and completed the sale. The coat, to tell the truth, was at least two sizes too small for her, but she paraded about proudly, blissfully unconscious of the fact that she bulged in the wrong places and that she looked anything but modish in her purchase."
In another village a pretty young Indian girl jumped into the plane and, sticking her bobbed head out of the window, called, ''Hey, Mr. Coleman, do I get a free ride if I buy a new dress?"' Being a tactful fel- low with a keen eye to business, Coleman gave this young woman her ride--and swelled his sales by taking half a dozen other passengers for their first thrilling trip into the air.
Any one who thinks of Alaska as ''a bleak, cold land covered with glaciers and monotonous snow-fields, over which Eski- mos and a few hardy white trappers 'mush' in sledges pulled by dog-teams,"' has another think. Alaska is an up-and- coming section of North America where the inhabitants ''demand--and get--many of the comforts enjoyed by their fellow citizens in New York and California."
So we are told by The American Weekly's reporter as he recites the history of the flying dress-shop:
For some years Mr. Coleman traveled from island to island in a stout boat, the hold of which was loaded with gowns for an eager, if not especially fastidious Indian and Eskimo clientele. His yearly trip into the north took several months. These business voyages were profitable, but much too slow for an ambitious fellow like Mer- chant Coleman, so he bought himself a seaplane and engaged a pilot to fly the ship.
The cabin was fitted up to carry a eargo of hundreds of dresses, coats, and assorted essentials and non-essentials of feminine apparel. In a single season the plane became known all over Alaska.
It costs more to operate the plane than it did to run the boat, but Herb Coleman's profits have mounted since he took to the air with his wares. Now he ean arrive in each of many fishing villages at the op- portune moment--which is soon after the salmon-packing season is over and the canneries are closed. This is when every Indian and Eskimo has a pocketful of money which he is quite willing to part with in the free-and-easy manner of the proverbial drunken sailor. Many of the squaws work in the canneries with their husbands, their sons, and their daughters, and the women who don't help ean the salmon come in for a generous share of their men folks' wages. :
The first thing an Alaska débutante or dame thinks of when she gets a ''roll" of money is to go on a spending spree--to get out of her drab and ''fishy"' clothes and into apparel new and stylish. Mr. Cole- man sees to it that this yearning is promptly and completely satisfied.
OCTOBER: 224 nheee
Venus de Milos to Order
oF OW long do you think it will take H to make these changes in my figure?"'
As the ''attractive young woman"' asked the question, she handed ''a carefully com- piled chart" to the man at the desk.
'A glance at the sheet left me some- what stunned," writes Arthur McGovern, the well-known physical director, who was on the answering end of the inquiry.
''Reduce thighs 14 inch," it read, ''take 138 inches off hips, 214 inches off waist, Y% inch off neck and add 1 1 inches to chest."
Curiosity got the better of him, Mr. Mc- Govern confesses in Collier's. ''Where in the world did you get these figures?" he asked.
'"'Why, that's the difference between my own measurements and the Venus de Milo's!"'
'And she really expected that she could be made over exactly in accordance with her specifications!"
Desire for improved health should be the primary motive that sends a woman to a gymnasium, says Mr. McGovern who is author of the ''Twelve Weeks to Health" course of exercise and health building
(Funk and Wagnalls). Many women, how- ever, go in the hope of changing their figures.
But there is a shining exception--Mrs. Ruth, petite wife of the illustrious Babe.
Continuing Mr. MeceGovern's Collier's article:
She is not particularly interested in making herself over, for she follows an al- most ideal routine of exercise and diet, and is a shining example for her famous hus- band. The Babe, eternal playboy that he is, has a habit of smacking any one within reach, and he never seems to realize that his enormous strength may at times change an exuberant smack into a resounding sock! Mrs. Ruth, in all seriousness, asked me to give ner a few pointers in boxing so that she might, with some degree of skill, protect herself from her big husband's play- ful antics! It was serious with her, per- haps, but to me it is probably the most amusing request I have ever received from a woman patron. She is quite skilful with the gloves nowadays, and I am hard put to it to explain to the Sultan of Swat that I had no intention of double-crossing him when I put his wife in training!
Is the attempt to remodel physical ap- pearance, '"'most women cling tenaciously to the fallacy that there is an ideal chart of weight and measurements for the indi- vidual's age and height,'' says Mr. Mce- Govern as his remarks run on:
This is not so. No matter what your weight may be, if you are properly propor- tioned and have smooth, symmetrical lines, you have a beautiful figure. For example, two of my young women patrons who are twenty years old, are exactly five feet four inches tall. One weighs 118 pounds, the other 129. Both have perfect figures. The difference lies in the fact that one girl has small bones, while the other's skeleton is much larger. %
mee hOB R 222) 07119.3°2
(Poll news continued from page 10)
Odd Things Turn Up in Reaping a "Digest" Presidential Poll
ERO-WORSHIPERS insist on mark- ing ballots with the names of their heroes, regardless of the fact that they are not candidates for the office of President. Thousands of Diaxust ballots have been returned with the name of Alfred E. Smith written into the space provided for the name of any candidate not mentioned on the ballot--meaning, of course, any officially nominated candidate. _ Mr. Smith is not a candidate, but numbers of his admirers all over the country refuse to recognize the fact, or find it difficult to reconcile themselves to it.
Next in popularity among the un- official favorites of careless balloters is the Rev. J. R. Cox, friend and leader of un- employed ''armies.'' But his ballots are numerically only a fraction of those for Alfred E. Smith.
Senator Borah receives a share, and so do Governor Ritchie, '' Alfalfa Bill"? Murray, Owen D. Young, and Newton D. Baker. Seattering ballots come in for Huey P. Long, W. H. "Coin" Harvey, and Will Rogers.
There are even a few cheerful idiots who inscribe ballots for Eddie Cantor, '' Andy Gump" and '"' Mickey Mouse."
All these eccentric ballots--and they are less than a drop in the bucket--are sheer waste, of course.
aT a minor candidates, aside from Nor- man Thomas, do not figure very heavily in Tue Diagst's daily correspondence budget, into which we now take another dip for the benefit of our readers. Here's a novelty. ''May I be allowed a few re- marks on why two Democrats are voting for Mr. Hoover?"' writes Francis J. Terra from East Cambridge, Massachusetts. We read on:
My wife and I believe in retaining a man who has had four years experience in a erisis, rather than to place a new man on the job, and have him learn anew by blundering through.
I believe in aiding and supporting the veterans who were maimed or lost their health as a result of overseas service, but I do not believe in '"'hand-outs" to men who are now in good health and enjoying good civil-service jobs, as for example, police, firemen, etc. Hoover is against the cash bonus. As to Roosevelt, he is not the man Smith is, and will dodge the issue until November 9.
Mr. Hoover has seen the light in regard to the aleoholie beverage question, and admits it, so I call him wet as Iam. I was always a Democrat and voted Democratic, and never looked to see whether the man was a Buddhist or a Mohammedan, but ap- parently my Southern fellow Democrats do, and I resent this on their part as un- American, therefore we part company in this election.
Tur wet-dry issue has not been figuring as much in our correspondence since both the major parties and candidates declared
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themselves for varied degrees of wetness. Here is a letter, however, in which it is brought into the picture. The writer is a Presbyterian clergyman, and this is what he says:
Because of my position it is not possible for me to air my political views. For that reason I very greatly appreciate the opportunity which your poll gives me to express my silent vote before election.
In the past I have been a stanch Pro- hibitionist. Now I am convinced that a change is necessary. That, however, in my mind, is a minor issue in the campaign. The supreme issue is between extreme conservatism as represented by President Hoover, and a refreshing liberalism as- represented by Governor Roosevelt. The remarkable mind, the rugged honesty, and the courage which Roosevelt demonstrated in the Walker case is enough to win the votes of those who are tired of graft in government, and of whitewashings such as have been attempted in Washington so often during recent administrations.
In this election an honest dry should vote for Upshaw, a conservative for Hoover, and a liberal for Roosevelt. Daniel Poling has a right to campaign for Hoover, but he should be honest enough to do it in the name of conservatism and not in the name of Prohibition.
Aw adherent of Norman Thomas writes us a long letter from Bingham Canyon,
Utah. We quote some passages from it. The writer is Ross E. Du Bois. He exclaims:
I ean give you a plan that would put the country back in good condition in every respect more quickly than will happen in any other way. The high lights of this plan are:
1. Governmental control of capital and labor, so that there will be an equal dis- tribution of the rewards of labor, and a steady demand retained through regula- tion of amount and time.
2. A constant wage rate maintained
through the operation of the preceding and succeeding paragraphs.
3. A tariff based upon the wages of foreign countries so that the tariff on any article plus the difference by which its labor-cost in the country in which it was produced shall equal the average cost of production in this eountry.
4. Readjustment of the monetary system of the country so that gold shall be used only in settling balances between coun- tries. The standard of domestic monetary value would be based upon a ratio of the principal commodities necessary to modern life. Thus, the total value of the dollar (or call it by other names, if you prefer) would always remain the same, but the relative prices of commodities which its total includes might fluctuate with the supply and demand.
5. Readjustment of our system of pro- duction so as to permit us to stop produc- ing more than we have use for, and to all enjoy the fruits of the machine age in- stead of letting it completely demoralize our economic structure.
6. Regulation of capital so that the fruits of labor are distributed thus: to living in a modern way, to capital replace- ments and expansion in a sane way, to luxuries for the workers. ;
7. By all means, stop meddling in foreign affairs. Let us attend to our own needs and conserve for future needs the
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remainder, unless other peoples need our goods and can pay for them.
cA np now, just as we are beginning to feel the need of a good rest, here's a Ver- mont editor who wants to put us to work again at another poll. Announcing him- self as an ex-service man with an A. BE. F. record of ten months on the front, BH. J. Lyndes, editor of the Springfield (Vt.) Reporter, writes:
It appeals to me that Tue Lirprary "Digest might perform a signal public service by polling the nation on the matter of the bonus. I realize, of course, these polls are a tremendous affair, and tre- -mendously costly, but I believe an indica- tion from sources of such unquestioned integrity as your straw votes are known to be would prove of marked significance when the matter comes up before the short session of Congress in December. To my mind, this bonus question and the attitude of the majority of veterans as indicated at their national convention, constitutes the gravest question before the country to-day, transcending even Pro- hibition, or the National Elections. We have but to review the course of veterans in other allied and Entente Powers since the World War to realize that the whole future of veteran legislation and political tendencies is packed with dynamite.
Rerurnine to minor candidates, we find that an extraordinary multiplication of
little ''parties'' in Philadelphia is bringing vigorous complaint from the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, which links the phe- nomenon with a supposed political plot
to defeat the voting-machine system. Says The Bulletin:
If by the mere device of overloading the ballot with meaningless ''party'' nomi- nations under preempted ''party'"' names, the use of the voting-machines at the coming election can be set aside in the Organization stronghold of the first ten wards of Philadelphia, the Voting Ma- chine Law and the vote of the people of Philadelphia demanding the use of these machines are treated with contempt and nullified.
The voting-machines will accommodate nine party columns, and there are not nine legitimate parties concerned in the coming election. The preempted ''parties" are without consequential warrant, and, whether or not they have been conceived with deliberate design to get rid of the voting-machine, they are unwarrantable and an offense against public interest if they have that effect.
Five parties qualified at the primary for places on the ballot--the Republican, Democratic, Socialist, Prohibition, and Liberal. The ''preempted" parties are the Roosevelt-Progressive, Labor, Wringing- Wet, Carpet-Bagger, and Communist. The assumption that the service of these five preempted parties is of more consequence than obedience to the vote of the people for the use of voting-machines, and that in order to accommodate the "'Carpet- baggers"' or the '' Wringing-Wets," the old paper ballots must be restored in the first ten wards, with the accompanying chance for juggling the count, is a challenge to every sense of political decency."
How many serious and substantial Amer- jeans will refrain altogether from voting
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this year? Here is a letter from such a citi- zen, and it gives evidence of such a well- balanced mind and dispassionate judgment, that we think our readers will find it impressive, even if they disagree with the writer's policy of ''hands off" on Election Day: L. P. Lewin, President The A. M. Lewin Lumber Co. Cincinnati. The Lirrrary Die@est. Gentlemen:
I have your secret ballot asking for my Presidential preference in the coming election.
While I have never voted other than a straight Republican ticket in national elections, it is not my intention at this coming election to vote for any candidate for the Presidential office. While I feel that Mr. Hoover inherited from the pre- ceding Administration many of the ills with which he has been confronted during his term of office, nevertheless there is no gainsaying the fact that he has shown many decided weaknesses. Had he urged upon the Federal Reserve Board the use of its power to the fullest extent, he could undoubtedly have curbed stock-market speculation, before it reached the unwar- ranted limit to which it went, and thereby saved, in part at least, the losses to which amateur speculators were subjected. The Pollyanna attitude both of Secretary Mellon and himself regarding the situation and their persistent ballyhoo about pros- perity being just around the corner added tremendously to our present difficulties. The President's attitude on Prohibition was and is simply appalling. There was no need for him to spend a half-million dollars of the taxpayers' money to have the Wickersham Commission tell him what any American citizen of average intelli- gence already knew.
Ma. LEWIN blames President Hoover for having "'done nothing looking to the change of Federal legislation governing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.'? He also criticizes the Government's costly attempt to stabilize wheat prices, but adds:
Mr. Hoover is undoubtedly a man of admirable personal character, and he has shown at times some initiative and in- dividuality. His stand on the Soldiers' Bonus question being among the most
prominent.
As for Mr. Roosevelt, I would merely reiterate Mr. Walter Lipmann's estimate of him, which I think is most concise and succinct, and covers my feeling toward him exactly. ''He is a very nice gentleman who desires to be President, without any special qualifications for the job.'' The same applies to Mr. Hoover. For that reason I shall decline to vote for either of these two gentlemen.
Very truly yours, L. P. Lewin.
A New York reader, Harold Rowntree writes to define three different methods of foretelling the results of an approaching election by a straw vote. Thus:
1. By assuming that the relative strength of the parties, as evidenced by the candi- dates voted for in the straw votes, will continue unchanged and will apply to the actual votes to be polled at the coming election.
2. By assuming that the relative drift
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from one party to another, as evidenced by the comparison in each straw vote between the indicated future vote and the vote cast four years earlier, will continue unchanged, and by applying this drift to the relative strength of the parties four years earlier, the results should give the actual votes to be polled at the coming election.
3. By assuming that the motives that determine the vote of those who did not vote four years ago are equally potent in determining the vote at the coming election of those who did vote four years ago, and therefore the distribution between the par- ties of the new vote is a true indication of the final total vote at the coming election.
Ie these three theories are all sound, they should all point closely to the same conclusion, says Mr. Rountree, adding:
_ lam strongly inclined to believe that at the conclusion of the straw vote, a very brief time prior to the election, the three methods will give very much the same answer, but in the early stages of the enu- meration of the straw vote, the answers vary greatly.
For example, from the figures given in Tue Litrrary Digest of October Ist, 1932, the three methods, as applied to the relative strength of the vote of the two dominant parties in the United States as a whole, produce the following:
First Second Method Method Third Republican..... 49.5 40 44.5 Democratic.... 50.5 60 Soe:
-- Under the first method, it would be any- body's fight, depending on the distribution of the vote in the different States. Under the second method, it would be a Demo- eratic landslide. Under the third method it would be a substantial Democratic victory, but distinetly less than the extreme of the second method.
There must be valid reasons for the marked difference in the estimated results from the three different methods, when used in the early stages of enumeration, and some of those reasons are not hard to find.
The large bulk of those who send in their straw vote early, are those who have no doubt about how they are going to vote, the hold-the-forters who never change their votes, and the new converts who are full of zeal over their change of heart. But a tremendous part of those who are slow to make their straw-vote report are not so sure of themselves. When they do make up their minds, the influences that determine their decisions, very probably, will be the same as the influences that determine the new vote in its decisions, and therefore the relative strength of the parties in the new vote is a better indication of the final total vote, than is the strength and direction of the drift in the early stages of the straw vote.
Incidentally, the third method gives a relative strength almost exactly half-way between the first and the second, which in itself is a strong argument in its favor.
To foretell the results of the election by this third method is ideally simple. All we do is credit the electoral vote of each State to the major party that has the larger new vote in that State.
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PILOTING MODERN YOUTH
By William S. Sadler, M.D., F.A.C.S., and Lena K. Sadler, M.D., F.A.C.S.
Points out the mistakes parents are making, as well as those of youth and tells how to correct both. "Parents should read it and educators should add it to their reference libraries.'---says the Rev. Daniel A. Poling.
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Te Es Le THERA
DIGEST
O-GEOB.ER 22200 bese
INVESTMENTS AND; FINANCE
Certain Essentials of Prosperity
HERE is no short-cut to good times. But there are guide-posts that will help us to keep going in the right direction.
Difficult economic problems, according to a group of leading economists, can not be solved ''by efforts to shift responsibility, by attempts to distribute and consume more than is produced, or by naive re- liance on the magic powers of government and central banks."'
But certain fundamental principles should be restated, we are told, which must form the basis of any sane recovery program.
This program is presented in a long leading article in Barron's Weekly by .a group of twelve economists active in busi- ness and academic fields, following a series of round-table conferences. It is too long to reproduce even in part. Fortu- nately, the financial editor of the New York Evening Post summarizes the high spots of the discussion under twenty heads. This editor, Mr. Ralph West Robey, finds in the conclusions of these economists ''intelli- gence, candor and a real appreciation of our problems."
Taking up the twenty points, he calls the entire list ''a guide for much which we should and should not do.'' This, then, is Mr. Robey's summary of the findings of a group of economists including Dr. E. W. Kemmerer, Dr. Leland Rex Robinson, Prof. T. E.. Gregory, and Mr. Dean Langmuir:
1. There is no shortage in the world supply of monetary gold. Abandonment of, or drastic change in, the gold standard would have disastrous consequences.
2. The alleged benefits to business from inflation are, in the main, illusory and, such as they are, are obtained primarily at the expense of wage earners and salaried employees. Inflation would permanently undermine confidence in investment securi- ties and our fiduciary institutions.
3. Expansion of eredit should proceed only step by step with the capacity of com- munities to support an increase in debt.
4. Further increase in commodity prices from the lowest levels recently attained is highly probable if business recovery is not deferred or prevented by inflation and governmental extravagance in the guise of relief and paternalistic schemes.
5. Price control either by the Govern- ment or by industry itself causes progres- sive confusion and enfeeblement. It can not be expected to lead us from the de- pression.
6. Corporations which have a load of fixt charges which it is impossible for them to carry should be recapitalized. Receiver- ships should not be staved off where they are obviously necessary.
7. Loans by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation will not solve the fundamental railroad problems. 'There should be an early reorganization of those railroad systems whose record for recent years shows the burden of debt is excessive.
8. The agricultural problem can not be solved by governmental wet nursing. The present distress in agriculture has been
caused in large measure by excessive loans to farmers and government agencies com- peting with each other in encouraging the farmer to get in debt. The immediate necessity is for a drastic reduction of the farmers' fixt charges, including taxes. The ultimate solution depends upon read- justing agriculture to the far-reaching technical changes which have been made. - 9, All commercial banking should be placed under Federal supervision. There should be an extension of branch banking.
10. Investment and mortgage banking should be organized and regulated in such a manner that operation in these fields can not jeopardize deposit and commercial banking. There is serious need for a more satisfactory market for mortgages.
11. Commercial banks should encourage the use of trade acceptances, and should not be called upon to provide long-term capital to small industries. For the latter purpose a new set of institutions should be created.
12. The Federal budget should be; bal- anced by a reduction of expense rather than by an increase of taxation.
13. Many political subdivisions with power to tax and to contract loans should be abolished, and the whole system of State and local revenues should be put upon a broader base, with less reliance upon taxes on real estate.
14. Tax-exempt securities should be eliminated, amending the Federal Consti- tution for this purpose if it is necessary.
15. The accounting systems of both corporations and governmental bodies should be standardized. Banks should publish periodically detailed income state- ments as well as balance sheets showing the basis of valuation of their assets. Copies of corporate income-tax returns should be available to the stockholders of an organization:
16. The United States should take the lead in the reduction of tariffs.
17. The war-debt question should be reconsidered, and an agreement should be reached (a) for the postponement of pay- ments until business is more normal, (b) for payment to be made in accordance with an index of ability to pay, or (c) on the basis of specific advantages which the debtor countries may offer to the United States.
18. To help the unemployed work should be offered only where the relief will not in- terfere with existing employment or in- volve delay and large outlay for equipment. Otherwise, the aid should be extended directly and in accordance with methods making every dollar yield the most in food and shelter. On the passing of the present emergency, methods of meeting the social hazards of industry should be adopted.
19. Scientific research with a view of improving the system of distribution would yield gratifying results toward improving the standard of living. The current pro- posals for additional intervention by the Government in the organization and con- duct of industry will have the effect of lowering the standard of living.
20. Economie planning can be useful only when applied from the ground up, not from the top down. Economie problems can not be solved by shifting responsibili- ties or by a naive reliance upon the magic powers of the Government and central banks.
ks |
RS
"Make Yourself
MCTOBER 222. Rie VERARY .D1GES.T 39
Do It!"
Building up Reserve Strength is Life's Greatest Game--Says
Football Coach
HE FOOTBALL COACH must know human nature. And Tom Kennedy, whose North
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"Life's greatest game is build-
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Clarence Munn, University of Minnesota, All-American guard in
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THE SPICE OF LIFE
Sizing Up the Gee-Gees.-- What did you think of the Horse Show?" " "T didn't see a single frock I liked."-- Dublin Opinion.
F-f-f-fishy Sus-sus-story. -- WIFE -- "Been to a lecture? Ridiculous! They don't lecture until one o'clock in the morning!"
Husspanp--'Th-this one did, my dear. Poor chap, he had a most terrible stutter.'? --Humorist.
We'll Bite: What?--What are the duties of husbands of endur- ance fliers?--Boston Globe.
Spring Lamb.--NvursE--"' It's a boy, sir, and weighs six pounds."
Happy Faturr (a butcher)-- '"Without bone? ''--Jugend.
Letting Him Down Lightly.-- "There's a hat in that shop I'd give anything for. Be a sport, my dear, and let me catch my husband kissing you.' -- Table Talk (Melbourne).
Crabbing Her Act.--'' They tell me your engagement is broken."
"Yes; and Bill behaved abomi- nably."
"But I thought you broke 'it yourself?'"? ''So I did, but he made absolutely no fuss about it.'--Halifax Chronicle.
Ready for a Rainy Day. -- Frrenp (gazing aloft)--'' Aren't you worried when you see your husband looping the loop?"
Aviator's Wire -- 'Oh, no. You see I remove all his loose change from his pockets before he goes up.''--Jester."
Neighborly Love.--Tramp--' The lidy next door 'as give me a piece of 'ome-made cake. Won't you give me somethin' too?"'
Lapy--'Yes, I'd better give you a digestive tablet." --Humorist.
Try This.--''How did you stop your husband staying late at the club?"'
"When he came in late I called out, 'Is that you, Jack,' and my husband's name is Robert.'"'---Das Bunte Blatt.
Roving Huntresses.--''Have you any children, Mr. Smith?''
"Yes--three daughters.''
"Do they live at home with you?"'
"Not one of them--they are not married yet." Frankfurter Illustrierte.
Planes Aren't Spiteful.--HrnprRson-- "Why are you in the air force now? I thought you were in the cavalry."
Prterson--''I got transferred.''
'"Why was that?''
"Well, after an airplane throws you out, it doesn't generally walk over and bite you."'--Montreal Star.
40
(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S, PATENT OFFICE)
Excuse It, Please.--VOICE ON PHONE-- "Tg that Mr. Orlando's second wife?"
"No, I'm his third; you've got the wrong number!"'--Everybody's Weekly (London).
The One He Won't Miss.--Svuiror-- "Byr--J--er--am seeking your daughter's hand--er--have you any objection, sir?"'
Faruer--''None at all. Take the one that's always in my pocket."--Humorist.
'il
ot ETN SINE QA a)
i
"Is this the third turning on the left, please?"'
--'"'Everybody's Weekly"
Pampering the Ancients.--GRANDMA-- '"'Would you like to go to the fair and ride on the roundabout?"'
Moperrn Cuttp--''I don't mind if it will amuse you."'--Gutterrez (Madrid).
Break for Liberty.--''Would you be- lieve it? He actually ran away as they were standing at the altar!"
"Lost his nerve, I suppose?"'
""No--found it again." --Hjemmet (Oslo).
Barring a Bone or Two.-- Girls when they went out to swim Once drest like Mother Hubbard; Now they have a different whim: They dress more like her cupboard. --Boston Transcript.
Call the Woodpecker.--Grade one was having a lesson on birds.
After some discussion the fact was estab- lished that birds eat fruit.
One little girl, however, was uneonvinced.
"But, teacher," she asked, saising her hand, "'how can the birds open the cans?"' --Parents Magazine.
Spee
aa
Slips That Pass in the Night
Forming a Habit.--He had been a patient at the hospital where he died on several oceasions during the last few years.-- Baltimore News.
How They Do It.--The back-to-nature enthusiasts have pitched a camp on the Yeopin River, about nine miles from here, and are subsiding upon squirrels, fish and
and other game.--Raleigh News and Observer.
Low Visibility?--To Let--Fur- nished room for lady. Semi- private bath. Phone evenings.-- Crofton (Pa.) paper.
Stupendous and Strange to Say.--"This building is unique and unusual.'--Newsreel barker
\ a . showing Chicago Exposition views.
Approximately, We Presume. --An_ $8,000,000,000 investment in subsidiaries, including Insull, Son & Company, was valued by the auditors at $00000.--Time.
Flat Tires.--Mr. Borah occupies an. odd position. For years he has been criticized back home because he busted himself too much with national and inter- nationalaffairs.--New York W orld- Telegram.
_
Harvest Queen.--Mrs. Gann exprest her pleasure at Buffalo's welcome. She wore at the dinner the same modish costume of the daytime, a smart black cloth frock with V neck lightened by a string of pears.-- Buffalo Courier-Express.
(London).
Prosperity at Last.--The Chi- cago Cubs, twice beaten in the World Series, returned on their special train to be noisily welcomed home by a erowd of $2,500 to $3,000 fans.--Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph.
Drop in When You Feel That Way. -- The L-- funeral home here has been opened to the public for the use of his patrons who at any time they desire. It is expected the place will be a great con- venience for those who may at any time need it. This has been a long felt need in this village-----Kingston (N. Y.) paper.
Elementary, Watson.--Chicken sup- per. Olivet church Thursday.--A dvertise- ment.
NINE CHICKENS STOLEN.
Nine chickens were stolen during Tues- day night from Wencil Prochaska, 923 Kighth Street, S.E. Thieves gained en- trance to the chicken-coop by breaking a lock on the door, Prochaska told police Wednesday morning.
St. James Church. Chicken _ supper, Thursday, 35e. -- Advertisement. -- Cedar Rapids paper. ad
MELLOWED- 80 MILLION | YEARS --
While brutes were hatched from eggs in OKLAHOMA
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In process of manufacture into Sinclair Opaline Motor Oil, these crudes are not only de-waxed-- they are also freed from non-lubricating petroleum jelly, a process which requires chilling the oil down to as low as 60° F. below zero.
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OCTOBER A2:9: 1932
mee TER AR YT D)GEST
ur Great
National Greasure- She Children
Zi
SOG SSE © Richard T. Dooner, P|
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Why can't I see the wind, my father, why?
Why is it dark at night?
Children of Today Must Have Help
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State} ees wee ay ene Literary Digest 10-29-32
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CONTENTS
THE LITERARY DIGEST for OCTOBER 29, 1932
Votume 114 Noumser 18 Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue New York b+ + +
TOPICS OF THE DAY
Where Roosevelt Stands on the Bonus. .-~ 5 Hoover Swings the "Big Stick' at Roosevelt. 7 Canada's New. Tariff Thumbscrews . . >. =... 8 The Poll Has Alteady Smashed All-Recotds . 9 Topics: in. Briel . > ee ee ee a 11
FOREIGN COMMENT
Stalin Tramples on His Enemies ...... = 12 Motor Banditry in France .........-- 13 Jugo-Slavia's 'Veiled' Revolution ...... 14
LETTERS AND ART
Ejastein-for, Us tas = oo cl oie ed ees 15 WatlkingsOutmons Music: » ssc.) eaemeae 16 The College Sobers > io. <0... assene ey ene 16 Oa? With the: DanceTM. c=. = =~ ese ee 17 The Covertigc 6 ec) se sie ot eye oho eee 17
RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE
America Debunked @).i255 =) Ghat cen 18 The Modern Woman's Rediscovery of Religion <5.) ma) 645 = eee eee 19 Prayer in Affliction. Poem Bob Shuler's Red-Hot Race for the Senate . 20
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
For Safer Driving in the Dark ........ 22 Queer Mistakes iof Smell: "s .) inte ee. ee 22 Keeping the Water-Lily Awake ........ 24 Engineers Keep on Working ......... 24 German Rules for Going to Sleep ...... 26 The Canyons of New England ........ 26
PERSONAL GLIMPSES
Gridiron Shake-ups That Enliven the Fail . . 28 How Builders' Bills Are Building Better
Times... atte. |. 5 Sree 30 High Living on the Air-Lines.......-.. 30 The Motorist's Autumn Problems ...... 31
CURRENT POETRY Yolanda -2¢ au 2.94.0 Se ee ee 33 After' Their' Life: ®. % cue a Cee 33 Lilacs 'for Remembrance'. =. «.) aicueneene 33 Stooping to: Folly* eee eae eee ees 33 INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE How the Campaign Affects the Markets . . . 38 MISCELLANEOUS The:Spicetof Life\a> 00s 2 ee eee 40
Information for Subscribers
Terms: $4.00 a year, in advance; $2.00, six months; 10 cents a copy; Canada, $6.60 a year; $3.30, six months; 15 cents a copy; other foreign countries, $5.00 a year.
Semiannual Indexes will be sent free to subscribers who apply for them.
Instructions for renewal, discontinuance or change of address should be sent two weeks before the date they are to go into effect. Both old and new ad- dresses must always be given.
Tue Literary Dicest is published weekly by Funk & Wagnalls Company, WILFRED J. FUNK, President; Rosert J. Cupprny, Vice-President and Treasurer; WILLIAM NEISEL, Secretary, 354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. London Office, 14 Salisbury Square. Printed in the U.S. A. Entered as second- class matter, March 24, 1890, at the Post-Office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879. Additional Entry at Chicago, Ill., and Columbus, O. Entered as second-class matter at the Post-Office Department, Ottawa, Canada.
THE LitERARY DiGEsT title is registered in U.S. Patent Office, and in Foreign Countries. PUBLIC Opinion, New York, and CurRENT OPINION, New York, combined with THE LirERARY DiGEstT. (Titles
registered in U. S. Patent Office.)
OTC Pena 29. 1932. fpiieewielee RAR.Y: DEGEST
Other Make No. 1--Both point tips worn flat. Ink channel obstructed by worn metal.
Other Make No. 2--Right hand point worn shorter | than left. Tip extremely | rough, :
OUR new pen points...a Waterman's and three
other makes . .. were fitted to the holders in a writing machine in order to test their comparative ability to withstand wear.
A distance of 38 miles was traversed by each pen point ... the equivalent of years of average usage.
The Microscope Shows What Happened
Note the microscope-photos herewith . . . the round- Other Make No. 3--Ridges ness and smoothness of the Waterman's iridium UOT URINE NGG point...its freedom from wear, after the severe 38- flat and pitted.
mile test, in contrast with the roughened writing surface and worn-down tips of the other pen points,
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THE -LIT ERIAARY. DEGEST
ico! Join Grace-conducted inland ex- cursions through miles of spectacular tropic grandeur to ruins of civilizations as old as Egypt. . . or tea and dance to the smartest rhythms of a real marimba orchestra in a Spanish patio! With all these shore visits and excursions, the voyage to California takes but 16 days.
Fares are surprisingly moderate. For instance, for as little as $325 you can enjoy the complete rail-water **' Round America"' cruise-tour including rail fare from your home to either coast, Grace Line to the opposite coast, and return home again by rail. Fortnightly sail- ings from New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles; also to and from Victoria, B.C., and Seattle, Wash.
To make your trip unforgettably bril- liant, book for the triumphant maiden voyage of the new Santa Rosa. Consult your travel agent or Grace Line.
Me
FROM CALIFORNIA DEC. 26
OCTOBER' -2o ie
J TRIP ABROAD
NEW LINERS
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. .. identical in every superb detail. First American ships having all out- side staterooms with private baths. Single rooms. Double rooms. De luxe suites. Controlled ventilation and temperature. Largest outdoor pool on any American ship. Gaily deco- rated Club and smart Orchestra. Gymnasium. Huge dining hall with roll-back dome for outdoor dining. 20 knots speed .. . and three-quar- ters of a century of Grace prestige!
New York: 10 Hanover Sq.; San Francisco: 2 Pine St. Chicago: 230N. Michigan Ave.; Los Angeles: 548 So. Spring St.; Seattle: Hoge Bldg.; also Boston and New Orleans
MAIL THIS COUPON NOW!
GRACE LINE D-2 © 10 Hanover Sq., N. Y. C., or 2 Pine St., San Francisco
Please send me full information about your » mew ships, sailing dates, and New York-Central America-California itinerary.
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