OTES Are Kecorded in this Number in t Nation- Wide Poll of Over 20, 00ec
14, No.15 Whole No. 2216,
October 8. 1932 Price 10 Cents
w te es
re
Norman Thomas on Next Week's Co
wy from a © Wide World Photograph
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT . pea aA RTE BLE TNE IID OSS AE TE
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THEILUTERARYTDIGEST
CONTENTS
THE LITERARY DIGEST for OcroseER 8, 1932
Votume 114 Number 15 Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue New York +b b+
TOPICS OF THE DAY The Stampede Across the Old Party Lines. . 5 Bloodshed Over 11 Dimes a Day. ......- 6 Can Roosevelt Carry Hoover's State?..... 7 Looks a Bit Like a Roosevelt Week in the Poll 8
Cuban Politics Goes Gangster. ........- 10 American Wheat for China .......... 10 To Put the Racketeer on the Rack...... 11 To Give Porto Rico's Stork a Rest. ..... 11 Uncle Sam in His Wonderland........ 12 Topicsaim Brichit uma oF fee sete ann 13 FOREIGN COMMENT India's Epoch-Marking Pact of Poona .... 14 China's Anti-Civil-War League ........ 15 Soviet Russia's ""New Terror". ........ 15 Catalonia ma PocketsStateimra. cae ceencmene 16
LETTERS AND ART
What of Our Valhalla in 20322 ....... lyf Who Reads Scott's Novels?.......... 18 ALG ood mw .ordyftorsG@rticse a acme nenenrttn 19 The Coven nee eee al. Seen cers 19 Sayelqawithy Mittensw-m. see) sie enon cee 19
RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE The Campaign Against "The Great Calamity'. 20
The British Methodist Merger ........ 22 When Colonel Robins Was Converted ... 24 These Shall Call You God. Poem...... 24 SCIENCE AND INVENTION Money Wasted in Medical Research .... . 25 Basti@hicagois Bly, Raton seen on emen 25 Carvings Up: DeadeAutosmeme naan arnrree neti 26 Births Follow the Stock Market........ 26 A Schoolgirl Swats the Mosquito. ...... 28 ScientiticuRaitiessmmmed ance) me eee 28 GreaselessmINeckticsmm mene nnn etait 28
PERSONAL GLIMPSES : Turning Prosperity's Corner at Rockefeller
Genter ry 7 Git eek el a ene eee 30 Lethal Lessons in a School for Duelists . . . 32 IMinesMoyiseGomebackani a mrir iene ai nenenen 33 Shopping Trials of Britain's Daughters Who
'rysetowlrad evatellomel-". ee meee 35 Eootballeandpiealrimee snes, seen arena rane 36
INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE Must Farm Mortgages Be Slashed? ...... 40 Nationalism as the Curse of Trade. ..... 41 thesewNew Ouatter-Dollarsi. «cy eee 42
CURRENT POETRY Maisie and the Broken Man.......... 43 Old=Buryine Grounds cls ooo eee 43 AnyOldeMantiGhucklesieuan aan eae 43 Lite'scSilentedirystamarer ss © 3... .ee net eee 43 MISCELLANEOUS Digest Poll Scrutinized by an Expert ..... 37 The: Spice of Bifewra tie. 2 oe ee 44
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O CaO BiE Ra Saale a
SCIENC
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This is only one of the many patented scientific Arch Preserver features. Write today for FREE Wright Arch- ograph and see if your foot needs scientific help. E.T. Wright & Co., Inc., Rockland, Mass.
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The Literary Digest
NEW YORK, OCTOBER 8,
i352
TOPICS OF THE DAY The Stampede Across the Old Party Lines
RASH GO THE OLD PARTY LINES! Into the Democratic camp stampede many old-time Republicans.
Discontented Democrats, on the other hand, hastily organize, in no less than sixteen States, Hoover Democratic Clubs.
With a great fanfare of publicity, New York Republicans announce the formation of a ''Republicans-for-Roosevelt" or- ganization, to be headed by Richard Washburn Child, a new convert to the Roosevelt cause.
From Washington comes the news that a group of Progressives of all parties and no party, headed by Senator George W. Norris (Rep., Neb.), have organized for ''a national campaign in support of Franklin D. Roose- velt's candidacy for President."'
As he penetrates to the very capitol of Republican California, Governor Roosevelt makes an open bid for the support of Republican Senator Hiram John- son--'long a warrior in the ranks of true American prog- ress,'' and long a foe of Herbert Hoover. And gets it!
Everywhere, the Democratic candidate confides to the Cal- fornians, he had encountered while journeying across the conti- nent signs that the old party lines are being snapt to a surpriz- ing extent this year.
To the New York Times this view is borne out by the returns of the Lirmrary Diaest poll. Even Mark Sullivan, who is said to be President Hoover's closest friend among newspaper men, and a constant companion of the President at his Rapidan camp, admits in his column printed by the New York Herald Tribune (Ind. Rep.) that thousands of voters will vote next month ''agin'"? Hoover rather than for Roosevelt. Mr. Sullivan. sadly admits:
"The rising tide of this 'agin'' sentiment in the United States --radical sentiment, angry sentiment, everything that can be grouped within the term non-conservative, is a very new thing.
"Tt has come about within a few weeks, and is, of course, a result of the depression. Up to as recently as three months ago the country had gone through two and a half years of depression without angry emotion."
Is the stampede created by the snapping of these old party lines seems to be in the general direction of the Roosevelt camp, a counterbalancing sentiment is crystallized in the Hoover Democratic Clubs, with headquarters in New York City-- significantly enough the home town of both Alfred EH. Smith and the ex-Mayor James J. Walker.
The Mule Moose
--Thomas in the Detroit ''News."
In a statement issued to the press, Meyer Solmson, executive director of this new organization, denies Tammany affiliations. The Hoover Democratic Clubs, it is explained, will not pub- lish its membership roll, '"'with the exception of those who do not object to expressing openly their Presidential preference." Furthermore: «
"Since the club was organized, frequently there has arisen the question: "Are the Hoover Democratic Clubs sponsored by friends of Alfred E. Smith and the dethroned Mayor James J. Walker?'
"'They are not.
"Nevertheless, it is quite reasonable to infer that the enrol- ment includes many admirers and supporters of the former Governor and the former Mayor. Here let me emphasize that the members are disregarding par- tizanship and adhering to the clubs' motto: 'Put Country Ahead of Party.'"'
Turse Hoover Democrats claim that '"'it would be unwise to change Administration at Washington at this time."' That there are many conservative Democrats who prefer Hoover to Roosevelt is also claimed by Mark Sullivan.
To Oklahoma City's Oklaho- man (Ind. Dem.) he writes that the principal question is whether Roosevelt can hold the conser- vative Democrats to him. 'The radicals, the angry, the 'aginners' he has and can not fully lose." But--and it is a large '"'but"--
'"Can Roosevelt hold the con- servative Democrats in the East?
'"Many of these, many of the leaders of them, are a little uncomfortable about Governor Roosevelt and about the company they find themselves in.
""They wonder which of the two strangely assorted groups would be close to Roosevelt if he should become President.
'Who would have weight with him on foreign relations? Would it be conservative Democrat John W. Davis, former Ambassador to Great Britain? Or would it be William R. Hearst, whose foreign policies are colored by the fact that he was once expelled from France?
'"The conservative Democrats wonder what type of person, whether they or the others, would make up Roosevelt's Cabinet if he should be elected.
'"Would the Cabinet be colored prevailingly by such conserva- tive Democrats as Owen D. Young or Bernard M. Baruch for Secretary of the Treasury, or Governor Ely of Massachusetts as Attorney-General?"'
erucial
Party desertions are going on, and will go on, adds the New York Times (Ind. Dem.), at a rate ''without a parallel since the first campaign of Mr. Bryan.'' What is the meaning of this manifestation? The Times wonders:
6 THE LITERAR Yo DiiGiom
"Tf it meant a real increase of independent thinking and voting by intelligent men and women it would be of good augury.
"Unfortunately, it appears to be due more to emotion than to reason.
"This does not, however, make it any the less a stubborn fact with which political leaders have to deal as best, they can.
"Their old campaigning methods will not work. They face a situation entirely new to them, with dangers that they have never before encountered. It will be interesting to see if they are able to devise new strategies to take the place of those obviously outworn and now futile."
Ox the other hand, the Philadelphia Record (Ind.) is convinced that ''nothing will do more to preserve the two-party system
pee rermernranminreirim. i THERE !S ONE GOOD SIGN-- .. | No oNEIS CALLING | '
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Encouraged
--Thomas in the Detroit ''News."'
than a growing group of independents, forcing the major parties to stand for real issues."
"The voter who votes a party label, who is Republican or Democratic blindly because his grandfather was, plays into the hands of political bosses and helps transform parties into mere combines to plunder the public purse."
To Frank R. Kent, veteran political commentator of the Baltimore Sun (Ind. Dem.), "'it is the unthinking man who is the party man to-day. If he stops and thinks he soon thinks himself out of the party loyalty hooey. He can't help it." Further:
"Tt is easy to be prejudiced against one or the other of these Presidential candidates. It is possible to find sound reasons for voting for or against Mr. Hoover or Mr. Roosevelt. But to be for one because he calls himself a Republican or the other because he says he is a Democrat is to be in a position hard to sustain.
"The farce of the whole business is revealed when you try to reconcile the known character and opinions of groups and indi- viduals with their support of particular candidates.
'For example, what a joke it is to find that some of the men chiefly responsible for the high rates in the tariff law presided over the Democratic convention and support the Democratic candidate who denounces the bill his friends helped enact.
"And it is equally funny to find men who violently flayed the Hawley-Smoot bill now back of Mr. Hoover, who extols it.
"There is humor, too, in the fact that earnest, dry Democrats, such as Carter Glass, Claude Swanson, and Cordell Hull, are supporting Roosevelt on an unqualified repeal plank while wringing-wet Republicans, such as Bingham, Bill Donovan, and Jimmie Wadsworth, are not only supporting Hoover but running on the ticket with him."
OG TOBE RS (pao
Bloodshed Over 11 Dimes a Day
LOODSHED, RIOTING, and community torment-- and all because of a difference of eleven dimes a day. Five dollars offered; six dollars and ten cents de-
manded.
The fight by one group of miners to prevent others from work- ing at the lower wage scale racks Illinois and adds another to Uncle Sam's long list of economic aches.
Bitter indeed is this family battle of the Illinois coal-miners, a conflict whose causes were explained in our issue of September 10. Bayonets flash and tear-gas bombs are hurled. Clubs are swung, knives find a mark, pistols blaze, and a dynamite bomb does its deadly work.
Giving us a clear picture of what has been happening in Illinois, the United Press supplies this concise summary:
"National guard troops are quartered in Taylorville to protect operations at one of the large mines.
'Tn a riot a few blocks from the State capitol at Springfield a police officer was slain, and several miners were seriously wounded in a clash of the two labor groups.
'Roots of the struggle strike deep into the economically dis- rupted coal industry.
''Disturbances have been frequent since the expiration of a wage agreement last march between the United Mine Workers of America and operators. This agreement provided for a $6.10 daily wage.
"After weeks of negotiation a new contract was agreed upon by officials of the union and operators and submitted to the local unions for vote. This contract reduced the daily basic pay to $5.
'*President John L. Lewis of the U. M. W. of A. and John H. Walker, president of the I}inois District union, announced the referendum ballots had been stolen. Declaring an 'emergency,' the two officers approved the new wage scale.
''Resentment flared among miners who opposed the lower seale.
'"They organized the Progressive Miners of America to fight for the old scale. A membership of 30,000, half the State's diggers, was claimed. Regulars challenged the claim and said 25,000 miners were working under the $5 scale.
"Militant picketing was adopted as the weapon of the protest- ing miners. An army of 15,000 pickets marched on Taylorville and halted operations at the rich Christian County Mines. A second army of 18,000 men was driven back by machine-gun fire in its effort to invade the Southern Illinois field.
"The $5 scale was widely accepted in the southern mines, but the picketing miners claimed virtually all mines except those which accepted the $6.10 scale had been closed in the central and most of the northern area.
"Conditions in many mine districts are critical. Miners have had little or no work since last March. Many have been stricken by hunger. Clothing is frayed. Homes are falling in disrepair."
Five dollars a day is all the Illinois mine owners can pay if they are to compete with non-union operators of Kentucky and West Virginia; and it is better for the miners to work for five dollars than be idle--so declares Floyd Jewell, editor of the Taylorville Daily Breeze, whose plant was bombed after he had opposed the strike. One hour after the bombing he put out an extra, blaming the striking coal-miners.
Altho expressing sympathy for the miners, he declares that ''their cause is wrong and their strike futile."
Sympathy for the aims of the new union is exprest by the St. Louis Star:
"Is it to be wondered at that men who grope their way under- ground hour after hour, facing death; who work occasional days and starve the rest, do not always think straight on economic law? Put yourself in the same place and then try to reason on a business whose economic, social, and financial set-up is a disgrace to civilization and free government.
"That new union represents a protest against the bitter fate and the helpless striving of the common man to live. Any organ- ization got together for that purpose deserves sympathy and encouragement." '
CREST OBER 8 ~1932
ThE! CPT ERARY 'DIGEST 7
Can Roosevelt Carry Hoover's State?
o¢ ARROW THE FIGHT DOWN, and you come to
California.'
Roosevelt's much-disputed '"winning of the West" concentrates in the Pacific coast States, announces Walter Davenport in a widely-quoted article in Collter's, but essentially it is a California battle.
"Hoover Loses the West" is the title of Mr. Davenport's political weather report, made after a survey of strategic points on the Pacific coast.
"California Safely Republican, Survey in That State Indi--
cates," the New York Herald Tribune head-lines Mark Sullivan's sounding of the stormy political seas of the Golden State.
The latest figures of Tur Lirprary Dicgest's Presidential poll, totaling the California vote, give Hoover 16,402 and Roosevelt 35,673.
Late Dicxst poll figures from leading cities of California show Roosevelt leading Hoover in San Francisco by almost two to one; in Oakland, by little less than two to one; in Sacramento (State capital) by three to one; in Fresno, center of the grape-growing district, by more than four to one; in Los Angeles by more than two to one; in San Diego by more than two to one, with lesser Roose- velt majorities in San José and other agricultural eenters. But Palo Alto and Pasadena show Hoover majorities. In Berkeley, seat of the University of California, our poll indicates a neck- and-neck race, with Roosevelt a bit ahead.
But just what do California editors think of Gov- ernor Roosevelt's chances of carrying a tradition- ally Republican State that has not gone Democratic since it helped to elect Woodrow Wilson in 1916?
Responses by wire to Tue Lirrrary DiceEst's telegraphed query indicate no such downright certainty as that exhibited by Mr. Davenport or Mr. Sullivan, Easterners both of them.
C. J. Lilley, editor of the Sacramento Union (Ind.), makes the interesting suggestion that this battle may split the State and sharpen the existing rivalry between North and South. The North, suggests Mr. Lilley, will ''go wet' with Roosevelt, the South--there's the enigma! This editor, located in the capital, where California's legislative battles are fought, wires us:
More than
"The northern part of the State will cercainly go strongly Democratic. But there has been some doubt as to the south,
where the big vote lies. "The only thing that is certain at the present moment is that there is nothing certain about the California vote."
Tus tide of California opinion is running strongly toward Roosevelt, adds the Sacramento Bee (Ind.); and "'it takes no seer or prophet to understand why Roosevelt is a five-to-four favorite to carry the State."
The uncertainty, the sharp clash of opinion, is nowhere more crisply dramatized than in picturesque Palo Alto, seat of Leland Stanford University, on the campus of which stands the perma- nent home of its most notable graduate, Herbert Hoover. The Palo Alto News (Ind.) supports Roosevelt--The Times (Ind.) remains stanchly loyal to Hoover. The News wires us:
'California appears to be in a mood for voting no on Hoover.
"Many leading Republicans of the State are taking active part in the Roosevelt-Garner campaign, and with McAdoo and
Schuler leading the G. O. P. drys out of the Republican column, it looks like a bad omen for the present incumbent at the White
House. "Veterans organizations are energetic in this fight against
Hoover, and they exert considerable power in this State.
"The Litrrary Diasst figures which gave Roosevelt the lead over Hoover in California, we think, accurately reflect the senti- ment of the voters of this State. Roosevelt strength in Palo Alto still continues to grow."
But, insists the rival editor of the Palo Alto Times (Ind.) those Diaust ballots were cast before Roosevelt made his trip to the coast, and '"'there are many observers who believe that Roosevelt lessened his chances by his Pacific coast itinerary."
"Consider his erratic bid for the support of Hiram Johnson-- a party alien--when he landed in California. As a dramatic
Copyright by International News
The Cheering Bowl
25,000 people in the famous bowl at Hollywood Franklin D. Roosevelt.
listening to
gesture it drew attention, but it was no contribution to the sym- posium of Presidential promises.
"Roosevelt left unanswered the call of the press for his stand on the bonus question, thus giving neither comfort to the bonus claimants nor assurance to bonus opponents, and so providing cause for distrust by both factions.
"There is wide-spread comment over Roosevelt's failure to have countered adequately the Hoover policies on outstanding issues, and his tendency toward unconvincing generalities.
"Left to study over these things, those voters of California-- and indeed the whole coast who earlier were inclined to favor Roosevelt--may wonder whether they have chosen wisely."
W uz the Scripps-Canfield newspapers along the Pacific coast, including the Los Angeles Record (Ind.) and the San Luis Obispo Tribune-Telegram (Ind.), follow the powerful Hearst papers in San Francisco, Oakland, and Los Angeles in support of Roose- velt's ''rosy promises" to forgotten men and masses, traditional G. O. P. dailies like the San Francisco Chronicle (Ind. Rep.) and the Los Angeles Times (Ind. Rep.) concede not an inch to the threatened victory of the Democratic candidate. The Los Angeles Times sums up this stanchly Hooverite point of view:
"Governor Roosevelt has come, he has been seen, but he has not conquered any considerable number of minds in this section.
"Tf he does no better elsewhere, he has small chance of success. In virtually refusing to state his views on the recognized issues of the campaign the candidate is within his rights, of course. But he can not blame his hearers if they decide that his lack of frankness disqualifies him for consideration.
"Tt is a poor compliment that Governor Roosevelt paid our intelligence."
THESE AT BRIAR Y (DAGEST
OCHO BERR SE BOS
Looks a Bit Like a Roosevelt Week in the Poll
HE PRESIDENT LOSES NEW YORK--for the time being, at least.
Behold the Empire State forsaking Mr. Hoover and flinging a paper majority, like a shower of confetti, at its smiling and speech-making Governor.
But confetti doesn't always win elections.
Next week may be a Hoover week for a change. It's like the
HOOVER 1982 Total Vote
How the same Voters voted in the 1928 Presidential Election
Soc. Farm
Dem. Soc. Lab. Lab. Proh.Com
1,581 16,402 5,798 15,217 389 13,901 9,533 4,795 25,299
ALABAMA CALIFORNIA CovorAnomee ce CoNNECTICUT....
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MASSACHUSETTS . Mississippi
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New HampsHIRE. New JERSEY
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PENNSYLVANIA... RuopE ISuanpD... SoutH CAROLINA. WEST VIRGINIA. . WISCONSIN
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TOTALS Pre Palil POyzail wsi5)
weather. You never can tell. And election prophets are as little to be trusted as weather prophets. See how Hoover held New York for two weekly poll reports, but how his cause is now having cloudy weather in the Empire State, while the Roosevelt canvass is having a streak of sunshine.
The President's New York vote in the tabulation completed as we go to press is 106,708. The Governor's is 117,282.
About a third of the Roosevelt New York balloters, as will be seen from the tabulation, voted the Republican ticket in 1928.
T wary States are included in the incomplete early returns on this page. Nine of them are making their first appearance in the tabulation.
The President's Old Guard at the present moment are the New England States and New Jersey. They give him six of the twenty States so far.
Roosevelt is ahead in the other fourteen.
The aggregate of ballots tabulated is 798,089. The votes are distributed this way:
Hoover, 325,845; Roosevelt, 404,992; minor candidates, 67,252.
Reckoning up the Electoral College voting strength of the States concerned, this is how the candidates rank:
Hoover, 54 electoral votes; Roosevelt, 244 electoral votes.
And what of the President's home State? Has California also opened her arms to her own son? No such maternal gesture has escaped her, according to these uncompromising expressions of her attitude toward the candidates:
Hoover, 16,402; Roosevelt, 35,873.
Of course we've all been reading of Senator Hiram W. John- son's cordial gestures toward Governor Roosevelt, and many California ballots may have been influenced by the Senator's reported coolness toward his fellow Californian in the White House. But little political tiffs are often made up, and every- body made happy again, and it may be that California will be
emu
piling up a record poll-vote for Mr. Hoover before many weeks are over. .
The nine new States in this tabulation are Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Wisconsin.
The last name catches the eye because of the defeat of the La Follette organization in the Wisconsin primaries, as told in
ROOSEVELT 1932 Total Vote
How the same Voters voted in the 1928 Presidential Election Did Not Soc. Farm Vote Dem. Soc. Lab. Lab. Proh.Com. in1928
1 1,260
Did Not Vote 928
6,930 35,873 7,443 9,857 2,317 23,181 15,088 3,818 15,800 2,199 3,269 2,086 37,710 117,282 22,854 66,969 2,893 7,597 11,742 10,084
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On Ne) (Je) ee)
404,992 153,736 187,691 745
these columns last week. That event was widely heralded as '"Wisconsin's belated return to the fold of conservative Hooverite Republicanism."' But what do the Dicusr ballots from Wis- consin say? Only this:
Hoover, 4,750; Roosevelt, 10,084.
A fine chance for the political prophets to do some explaining, should the returns from Wisconsin continue to show that com- plexion.
Only two of the nine newcomers prefer Hoover so far. These are New Hampshire and Rhode Island. The seven which fall into the Roosevelt column are well scattered over the map-- Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Mississippi, Montana, South Carolina, Wisconsin.
Of last week's alinement of eleven, New York is the only one to shift candidates. The others are still going strong for their first choices. Massachusetts, for instance, is still piling up a majority for Hoover, at about the same ratio as before, while Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and the others, now joined by New York, are swelling the Roosevelt bag of ballots.
Ap again the interparty drifts declare themselves, especially the drift of former Republican voters, as of 1928, into the Demo- cratic columns. As we have already suggested, many of these "'Republican" Rooseveltians may be merely Hoover Democrats hopping over the fence again, but some political observers think the movement is too strong to be wholly explained in that way.
California shows the largest ratio of this drift, almost 51 per cent. of the Roosevelt total from that State being contributed by balloters who voted Republican in 1928. Pennsylvania runs a close second, with almost 49 per cent. Other high ones are: Wisconsin, 43.29 per cent.; Illinois, 42.62 per cent., and Ohio, 41.08 per cent.
The Springfield (Mass.) Union points out that the 1928 vote
Oe VWOBER $8 *-1:9-3 2
was "'unprecedentedly large'' on both sides, adding:
"President Hoover had over 5,500,000 more than were given to Coolidge in 1924, and Smith had over 7,000,000 more than were given to Davis that year, and 2,500,000 more than were given to Davis and La Follette together. As some of Mr. Hoo- ver's increase came from in- creased Republican votes in some of the Southern States and Mr. Smith's came from in- creased Democratic votes in some of the Eastern and Middle States, it is inevitable doubtless that a marked switching of votes will characterize the coming election, and thus characterize the indications given by the Lirerary DiceEst poll.
"Tt is fully expected that a percentage of the Hoover 1928 vote will be switched to Roose- velt, and that a percentage of the Smith vote will be switched to Hoover. Moreover, if the anticipations of the Socialists are partly realized, there will be some uncertain switching from both the Hoover and Smith votes to Thomas.
"The result depends, therefore, on the relative percentages of this switching, and it is generally accepted that the very large Hoover vote of 1928 will suffer a greater loss relatively than the Smith vote."'
A COMPILATION of all the country's polls and straw votes, little and big, local and general, has been attempted at Demo- cratic National Headquarters. No less than forty have been dis- covered, and it is announced that they all arithmetically point to the election of Roosevelt. But, of course, any statement that issues from the campaign headquarters of one of the major parties is to be taken with a grain of salt.
Straws! Straws! Straws! Even the dignitaries in ''Who's Who" are being polled in a straw vote which, we are solemnly assured by Republican Headquarters, is going strongly Hooverite. But there, again, the partizan touch reveals itself. Senator George, of Georgia, wants to know, we learn from the Raleigh News and Observer, how many dirt farmers, unemployed working- men and small merchants appear in ''Who's Who."
Straws and more straws! Here's a whole book on the subject from the Co- lumbia University Press-- "Straw Votes, a Study of Political Prediction,'' by Claude E. Robinson, some- time Gilder Fellow in So- ciology, Columbia Univer- sity.
Tur Digest knows the author well, and is glad to see his book out. Professor Robinson is a conscien- tious worker in the statisti- eal field and has gone through our polling ma- chinery and records like a
Reynolds 1932 Votes
Thomas 93
MASSACHUSETTS. . MISSISSIPPI
New HAMPSHIRE. New JERSEY
PENNSYLVANIA... RuopeE [suanp... SourH CAROLINA. West VIRGINIA... WISCONSIN
"How Are They Biting"
--Gale in the Los Angeles ''Times."
MINOR CANDIDATES
ie EPR AR Y tDAGES T 9
telling of the three forms of straw polls--''ballot in the pa- per," ''personal canvass," and "mail ballot,'' he remarks that Dianst uses this last method exclusively. Mr. Robin- son continues with an account
which we abridge somewhat:
THE
NW, & \o ZAR itt
' ates Ne wwe lie G =) He
"Since a considerable part of the present discussion on straw polls will center upon the Lirnrary Dicust undertakings, special attention to the mailing details of this publication must
USS 1%
MSS vein Be . AEP Soin be given. ith WD vie "Throughout the year Tun YP EEN, § Lirmrary Digest maintains a
large staff of clerks whose sole duty is to keep its circularization list up to date. By means of a large reference library containing city directories and year-books of all descriptions, mailing ad- dresses are checked and verified.
"The efficiency with which this task is dispatched is attested to by the fact that only 1.3 per cent. of the mail matter sent out from the offices of the magazine is found to be undeliverable by the post-office."
When the author turns to the question of straw-poll accuracy, we find ourselves fighting over again the battles of 1924 and 1928.
Were the Diczst polls in those years as accurate as the news- papers, politicians, and public of the whole nation believe?
Of course they were, says common sense.
But common sense sometimes takes a back seat when the academic mind goes to work in a technical and intricate field. We say this in all friendliness for Professor Robinson, only asking our readers to consider this conclusion of his:
'Straw polls are accurate, not as they predict the winner of any given election but as they forecast the proportion of the total vote received by the several candidates. The full implications of this statement will at first be difficult to accept, since 1t means that in many instances a straw poll that predicts victory for the wrong man must be adjudged more accurate than one that fore- casts the winner correctly. The logic of the matter, however, is clear, and permits of no other view."
We wondered, when we read that, what our readers would say if we conducted a poll that gave them the loser for the winner, and if we then tried to prove in the fair name of logic that our poll was more ac- curate than others which named the winner cor- rectly.
Upshaw 1932 Votes
Corey 1932 V oles
Foster Miscellaneous 1932 1932 Votes fi
Pan in addition to nam- «ing the winner, Tur Dr- Gmst makes every effort to "forecast the proportion of the total vote received by the several candi- dates."" We've done that in the past with persistent success, plus good luck, and we're in the way of doing it again.
mouse through a granary. Early in his book, after
TOTALS....... 53,122 545 1,289 2,944
{Poll News continued on Page 37}
10
Cuban Politics Goes Gangster
SSASSINATION IN THE MODERN MANNER. Murder by a rain of bullets from automatic sub- machine guns; a run of fire froma high-powered motor-
car driven at rocket speed; gangster tactics applied to Cuba's political war as relentlessly as in a Chicago gang war.
These features of the recent "rubbing out" of Dr. Clemente Vasquez Bello, President of the Cuban Senate and ally of the all- powerful President Gerardo Machado y Morales, lead a certain section of our press to wonder whether the bitter enemies of the Cuban dictator have not imported American gangsters to carry on their smoldering revolt against the dictatorship.
Following the assassination of Dr. Vasquez Bello, on the afternoon of September 27, re- taliations followed swiftly. Five deaths in all were the toll exacted on one afternoon. As cabled to the New York Herald Tribune, by Leo J. Reisler, all were the victims of sub- machine gun and pistol fire:
"The three oppositionists killed were brothers--Representative Gonzalo Freyre de Andrade, Guillermo Freyre de Andrade, a lawyer, and Leopoldo Freyre de Andrade, an engineer.
"Dr. Miguel Angel Aguiar, Conservative Representative of Havana, one of the leaders of a revolt against the Administration of President Gerardo Machado in August of last year, was shot four times.
'Dr. Bello was shot down in his motor-car by a group of men traveling at high speed in another car, which later was found abandoned with rifles, pistols, and ammunition in it.
""The Andrade brothers were attacked by a group of men and riddled with bullets.
"Gonzalo Freyre de Andrade, who was professor of law at the University of Havana, was defense counsel for Ignacio Mendoza, Luis Perez Hernandez and Corrons Canalejo, sentenced to fourteen years' imprisonment for the attempted assassination of President Machado on June 10.
"Rumors reaching the city from the interior indicate that the assassination of the Andrades has brought to an end all negotiations for peace between the opposing political factions, and that there is much talk of open rebellion against the Government."
© International
Dr. flemente
Tas reign of terror and other aspects of President Machado's 'Sron grip'' were reviewed in these pages as late as July 30 of this year. But due to rigid censorship, little news concerning the internecine, underground strife against the dictatorship is sent to the outside world. According to a Havana correspondent of the London Times, these frequent attempts at assassination--too often suecessful--indicate that unrest in Cuba is spreading:
"There are three anti-Government factions, the Nationalist Union, Conservative party, and University students, who claim to be non-partizan, but who have been the cause of a large num- ber of disturbances. :
"Not only are these parties divided, but neither individually nor collectively do they appear to have any kind of program that even the most sympathetic observer could understand beyond an antipathy for the present Administration.
"They have so far shown no sign of having among their parties a leader capable of handling the destinies of the nation. It is, therefore, obvious that any attempt to overthrow the present Administration by a revolutionary movement can not meet with success so long as the well-trained Cuban Army, with its modern guns and well-equipped Air Force, remains loyal to the Govern- ment.
"It is lamentable that these attempts to foment trouble should occur at a time when Cuba is faced with an economic crisis never before experienced in its history."
THE LITERARY DIGEST
"Rubbed Out"
President of Cuba's Senate, is murdered by sub-machine guns fired from a high-powered car
OCIO BERS 82 Blig32Z
American Wheat for China
HE 20,000,000 BUSHELS OF WHEAT that the United States sold on time to China "did more to check Com- munism than all the armies of Chiang Kai-shek."
Thus writes Frazier Hunt in a communication from Shanghai to the New York American.
The transaction he refers to was carried out a year ago between the Federal Farm Board and the Nanking Government, the latter agreeing to complete payments by the end of 1936.
This wheat, according to Mr. Hunt, '"'saved hundreds of thousands of famine victims from actual starvation, and addi- tional hundreds of thousands from turning 'Red'" since Red propaganda flourishes on poverty and dis- couragement.
Now the Chinese Government is again in the market for 15,000,000 bushels of American wheat on long-term credit, and since the Farm Board-no longer has any such surplus in hand, it is proposed that the farm co- operatives supply the wheat and that the deal be financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. This would involve a loan of eight or nine million dollars by the R. F. C. to the Chinese Government. The plan was the subject of a White House conference before President Hoover started West to speak on the farm problem.
''China's starving people will benefit, and probably American farmers, too, if the Fed- eral Government goes through with the proposal to finance the sale,'' remarks the Washington Daily News; and the Phila- delphia Evening Bulletin regards it as ''a desirable deal.' ''In one regard the Chinese are very desirable 'prospects,''"' thinks the Baltimore Sun, ''for if they took the wheat, they would remove it from the market with- out greatly affecting the world market for wheat, in which they are not an important factor."' It offers one means of reducing a surplus which still depresses prices, notes the New York Times, which goes on to say:
Vasquez Bello,
"The difficulty is to arrange credit. The Chinese Govern- ment can not pay in cash; the farm cooperatives themselves are uvable to finance the deal, and so it is proposed to resort for the first time to a provision of the emergency-relief act adopted by Congress at its last session. It confers upon the Reconstruc- tion Finance Corporation power to make loans, 'in such amounts as in its judgment may be necessary,' for the purpose of financing sales of agricultural surpluses 'in the markets of foreign coun- tries in which such sales can not be financed in the normal course of commerce.' This authorization, however, is accompanied by a proviso which forbids the board to act 'if, in its judgment,
such sales will affect adversely the world markets for such products.'"'
iss only trouble is, China can't pay for it,' comments the Jersey City Journal; and in the Providence Journal we read:
"The Federal Government has lost enough money in wheat without incurring a fresh risk by underwriting a sale of fifteen million bushels to China.
"Tf the Farm Board still had enough wheat to fill the Chinese order, the case would be different. But it has sueceeded in unloading its vast holdings with the exception of possibly a fifth as much as the Chinese care to buy.
"With uncounted millions of dollars of the taxpayers' money irretrievably lost in wheat operations, the Government would do well to let some private organization, foreign or domestic, take the notes of the Chinese Government in exchange for this staple farm commodity."
OIG TO BARRY s35, 1/9.3'2
To Put the Racketeer on the Rack
EFYING RACKETEERS, a middle-aged Italian woman is hailed as a heroine for fighting the terrorists and landing them in prison.
While Brooklyn business men were cowed by the threat of gang vengeance, Mrs. Josephine Fabrozzi brought about the first Brooklyn extortion conviction in months.
Three thugs threatened to kill her and disfigure her daughter unless she paid them $300. She had them arrested when they came to get the money, and then fearlessly told on the witness stand the story that convicted them.
Meanwhile, '"'the grand jury in the next room," notes the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, ''was hearing testi- mony by an endless chain of Brooklyn drug- gists--all of whom were known to have been threatened, but all of whom were admittedly reluctant about telling their stories to the indicting body. They were afraid of gang vengeance."
'Spineless' was the word Mrs. Fabrozzi used to describe the rank and file of racket victims. She called upon other Italians in Brooklyn to stamp out ''the dogs who threaten and then gain courage as their victims fail to show courage."
Brooklyn authorities are making a drive on racketeering that is attracting the attention of other gang-ridden cities. Alarmed by the recent growth of racketeering, and the warn- ing that it is throwing tentacles around labor and business, editors are renewing their de- mand for the blasting out of this menace.
Joining the movement, the American Feder- ation of Labor gives notice of its determina- tion to clean house as the result of a survey which is said to have shown that twenty- eight national labor groups are in the hands of gangsters, radicals, and politicians.
Rackets are costing us more than the war aehbe did, declares Gordon L. Hostetter, executive director of the Employers' Association of Chicago. Warning the nation in a speech be- fore the annual National Conference on Government at Wash- ington, he said that in Chicago alone racketeering costs more than $145,000,000 a year. And he cited the estimate of a Fed- eral judge that the annual cost to the country is between eleven and thirteen billions.
'Racketeering is an inside job and a native American product, for which business itself is too greatly responsible," declared Mr. Hostetter, as quoted in the press.
'"The true racket," he added, ''is composed of four elements-- the business man or business group, the leader or leaders of or- ganized labor, the criminal underworld, and the politician."
But to-day the criminal, who formerly acted as a tool or agent, ''is gaining the ascendency"'--
''What is more alarming, organized criminality is directing its efforts toward the control of business and labor as a means of perpetuating itself, when, as, if, and possibly regardless of whether its peculiar field of activity is destroyed by repeal or modification of the Eighteenth Amendment.
'Open declarations of this intention have been made by some of the country's most notorious criminals, and sufficient evidence is present to indicate the success of their programs.
"Moreover, there is strong ground for the belief that such activities are syndicated and extend as an organized network to our principal metropolitan centers. Open boasts have been made in recent months that 'the syndicate' now operates from
coast to coast."
'ooklyn Daily Eugle
"It Made Me Mad"
threatened, Josephine Fabrozzi, first to fight the Brooklyn racket.
GE CET ERAR Y DIGEST 1]
To Give Porto Rico's Stork a Rest
o¢ HE STORK IS DEAD." So reads the legend that blazes in the electric lights of a New York theater.
But it's a far ery from Broadway to Porto Rico, a long trip even as the stork flies.
There things are different. The Porto Rico stork is not only very much alive but a prodigious producer. And his ''over- production"' is blamed for a series of evils--unemployment, low wages, malnutrition, and disease. Hence the movement to reduce the human surplus, to declare a sort of moratorium on maternity in the island, which last week drew world sympathy when it was swept by a hurricane.
Birth control is advocated by the island's Governor, tall, bespectacled James R. Bever- ley, in his first annual report to Secretary of War Hurley. This is said to be '"'the first instance of such an official stand in statecraft, ancient or modern,"' we are told by Lemuel F. Parton of the Consolidated Press Association. And the Governor runs headlong into an argument.
His reason for advocating such a step, we read, is a net increase of 20.4 per thousand in population during the year, bringing the total to 1,599,142, or 465.5 to the square mile.
""Conditions demonstrate," he says in the report, which backs up the stand he took in his inaugural address to the Legislature, "that this population is too large for an area which is and must always remain largely agri- cultural."
"Organization of agriculture, encourage- ment of industries, and vocational training can all help to alleviate the situation, but they will never be sufficient to raise the average standard of living of the people to a satisfac- tory point with the present density of popula- tion and in the present state of technical and agricultural development."
New industries, heavy emigration, and a decrease in the birth-rate are urged as possible remedies for a condition which otherwise is expected to result in even greater distress and poverty.
But Governor Beverley is promptly taken to task. He '' offends the sentiment of several million Roman Catholics and a fair percentage of Protestants,'' says the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. The assertion that birth control is "'the only real and perma- nent cure for economic evils in the island,' it adds, "'is, of course, Malthusian nonsense''--
says Mrs.
She won.
"We do not believe, in view of their common religious faith, that the Porto Ricans will ever accept birth control by legislation, and we are pretty certain that it will never be forced upon them by an American Congress."
Ir was last January when Governor Beverley first proposed birth control for the island. And a few weeks later, Theodore Schroeder, writing in the March number of The Birth Control Review, declared that '"'some extraordinary measures are neces- sary' if the problem is ever to be solved--
"To me it seems clear that very soon the choice for many Porto Ricans will be between suicide and banditry.
'When pillage as the only means of getting food is organized, there will be, of course, American soldiers and machine-guns-- to reduce the population. Perhaps this is the best method of solving the problem, but if the time for machine-guns should ever come, where will the major responsibility lie?"' ;
hi T HES Lis TE RAR Y TOUGEST
O:iGIMO BE Ra 8 Ole
Uncle Sam in His Wonderland
LAT POCKETBOOKS AND INFLATED budgets are
arousing increased protests among taxpayers. The Gov-
ernment is charged with an extravagance in its national, State, and local administrations never dreamed of in years past. ''Stop wasting our money"' is becoming a popular slogan.
Bernard M. Baruch has declared that a reduction of at least $1,000,000,000 in the Federal budget is a '"'prime essential" to business recovery, and that without this cut all other efforts are mere ''palliatives.'"' The Advertising Club of New York, outlining a program of seven points, which was indorsed by the American Federation of Labor, calls loudly for a ''reduction of Federal, State, and munic- ipal government costs."
In a recent address Dr. Nicholas M. Butler denounces the increasing demands upon the purse of the taxpayer by the Government. ''It is less than forty years," he declares, ''since the term 'billion-dollar Congress' was coined to express public indignation at a Congress which expended $500,000,000 a year of public money. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1932, the budget deficit was al- most $3,000,000,000, or nearly six times the amount of the total annual cost of government forty years ago." Dr. Butler based his revelations of the growing extravagances of government on Con- gressman James M. Beck's new book, "Our Wonderland of Bureaucracy" (Macmillan).
Bureaucracy, as it exists in the United States to-day, Mr. Beck finds equal to the Wonderland to be found in Lewis Carroll's masterpiece.
Copyright, 1932, by The George Matthew Adams Service
Mae. BECK describes how a huge bureau- cracy has grown up that everywhere en- croaches upon the field of individual liberty. Reviewing the growth of government expenditures, he writes:
"The Federal Government appropriated in 1800 approxi- mately $11,000,000, or roughly $2.00 per person for the expenses of the Government; in 1850 the appropriations were approxi- mately $45,000,000, or about $1.93 per person; and in 1930 the appropriations were $4,377,376,000, which approximated $38.42 for every man, woman, and child, according to the 1930 census return."
The expenditures of the Department of Agriculture, he notes, were a little under $20,000,000 in 1911, while twenty years later, in 1931, they had risen to nearly $300,000,000. The Department of Commerce, too, spent about $10,000,000 in 1914, $24,000,000 in 1921, and $55,000,000 in 1932. The Army, he finds, cost 173,000,000 in 1914 and $478,000,000 in 1931, and the Navy, during the same years, cost $139,000,000 and $354,000,000. In fact, the total ordinary expenditures of the Government were $724,000,000 in 1913, but had risen.in 1930 to the enormous figure of $3,392,000,000.
He gives many examples of extravagance, waste, and duplica- tion. Perhaps one of the most striking is seen in Buenos Aires, where our State Department is represented by an Embassy which costs $78,943 and a General Consulate which costs $81,200. Our Commerce Department has an office there which costs $71,496; the Agricultural Department one which costs $16,875; the War
The Shoe That Pinches
--Morris, Council Bluffs 'Nonpareil.'
Department one that costs $6,934, and the Navy Department one that costs $13,725. Says Mr. Beck: 4
"Congress is generally and, to some extent, justly charged with the responsibility for the orgy of expenditure of publie funds. Let a member of the Senate or Congress oppose the or- ganized minorities who are the militant proponents of these costly and generally useless bureaus, and that member may, and fre- quently does, encounter the militant opposition of that minority in his next election.
'"'But there is no organized group of taxpayers who are pre- pared to steady the wavering hands of Senators and Representatives who have the disposition and sometimes the cour- age to oppose these raids upon the Treasury. All members of the Senate or House of Representatives do not shiver as an aspen to every gust of wind. There are a few who believe in the conception of the true functions of our Government as defined by the founders of the Republic --equal rights to all and special favors to none--but they are in a minority and are unable to defeat pernicious and ex- travagant legislation. What we need is a healthy, general, and unselfish interest of our people in the problems of govern- ment. To secure this, they must be made 'tax conscious.' Toofew of our people pay Federal taxes. Less than 400,000 citizens paid in 1928 97 per cent. of the Federal income tax. Why should the remaining 120,000,000 care?
"Unless the tide of increasing public expenditures begins to ebb, this nation, originally dedicated to individualism, will increasingly become a Socialistic State. Indeed, few States are more Soci- alistic. This is recognized by the apostles of the Socialistie order, and made a part of their program, either openly or in thinly disguised forms. Russia is not more bureaucratic than America.
"The constantly growing strength of bureaucracy, the demands of groups for legislation and large appropriations, and the impotence of Congress to maintain its power are leading the American Goy- ernment toward an absolutism, worthy of Moscow but unworthy of Philadelphia, where the Constitution was framed."
Coreen in fact, is held responsible rather than the President, who is practically helpless in the face of political pressure. As we are told:
"On the rare occasions when any American President has attempted to reduce the horde of Federal employees, now num- bering over 750,000, to reasonable limits, he has been defeated by the political pressure of Congress. Many years ago President Cleveland determined to weed out the incompetents and sine- cures from the Federal service. He began with the Treasury Department, and his Secretary of the Treasury, John G. Carlisle, reported that there were numerous clerks who did not have any substantial work to do--at least such as would justify their retention on the government pay-rolls. An order was given to dismiss these useless employees, and when it became known, the halls of Congress were almost deserted, as Senators and Repre- sentatives thronged the White House and insisted upon a revoca- tion of the order.
"This situation could be easily paralleled to-day in most of the departments of government, but if President Hoover, in the exercise of his undoubted power and in relief of the American tax- payer, removed from the public rolls the many thousands of employees who have little or nothing to do to justify their em- ployment, he would at once imperil the success of his Adminis- tration by provoking a quarrel with Congress, which, with all
its professions of economy, is indisposed to approve such removals."'
1%
Oe OBERI S77 jl 932
Ire Wh Teka RY Dil GES T 13
TOPICS IN BRIEF
WHEN a politician must take sides, he prefers the inside.-- Weston (Ore.) Leader.
Hieu tax is the fiddler's fee for the orgy we had at the pros- perity dance.--Toledo Blade.
THE Democratic problem is how to keep the South solid behind a liquid platform.--San Diego Union.
GuroMany is so broke she has to build another battle cruiser ' to keep her mind off her bankruptey.-- Dallas News.
NaTuRALLY, the winner of Tur Lirmrary Diazst's balloting will be the poll star.--Greensboro (Ga.) Herald-Journal.
Ir appears that an extremely ''modern"' composer has been saying that the public don't realize what he is doing. But we doubt whether his luck will last.
--The Humorist (London).
Among other things a man is likely to find in an old vest at this season is himself.--Boston Herald.
UNFORTUNATBLY, the taxpayer never finds it so easy to raise his taxes as the Legislature does.-- New Orleans States.
THE recent progress of the Republican campaign has been from the State of Maine to a state of uncertainty.--WNorfolk Virginian-Prlot.
Tuer Noise Abatement Com- mission of New York has made a lengthy report on how noises may be abated, but we doubt if any one heard it.--Life.
A NOTED publicist passes the news along that ''angels don't eat.'' Well, they say conditions have been bad everywhere.-- Richmond Times-Dispatch.
A FEMININE columnist advocates that married men wear rings on their thumbs. Instead of in their noses?--Greenville Piedmont.
As to reduction of waste in public office, there seems to have been very little pruning that warrants any preening.--Arkansas Gazette.
We thought there was a catch in this thing of getting a loan from the R. F. C. It seems you are supposed to pay it back.-- Macon Telegraph.
Or course it may be different in India, but over here we feel a greater sympathy for the poor touchers who try to touch the untouchables.--Boston Herald.
On a Moscow sports ground an athletic instructress coaches sprinters in the ar' of starting. Russians are slow in getting away from Marx.--Punch (London).
As an instance of practical disarmament we cite the example of the American woman in giving up both her hatpin and her rolling-pin.--Dunbar's Weekly (Phenix).
We are of the opinion that if some one had sounded an auto horn at the psychological moment, America wouldn't have lost that Olympic high jump.--Thomaston (Ga.) Times.
Tunes are now so organized in the country that by dealing directly with the Indians at North Woods resorts one can buy a souvenir bireh-bark canoe made in Latvia.--Detroit News.
A Paris item points out that skirts will be even longer, and it looks as if the time might be ripe for some bright young writer to favor us with a companion work to ''A Farewell to Arms."'-- Boston Herald.
"Tym golden eagle,'' according to Tue Lirzrary Diaust, "'is a native of the Old World."' They certainly are doing everything possible to get all of them to return to their native heath.-- Greensboro Herald-Journal.
a3
Me and Gandhi! --Cassel in the Brooklyn ''Eagle."'
THERE appears to be little or no chaff in a Diczsr straw vote. --Weston Leader.
Ir is too bad our problems can not be solved as easily in office as on the stump.--Miami Herald.
INSULL power companies' drama might be entitled: Mourning Becomes Electric.--Arkansas Gazette.
A NUMBER of commentators think Pa Ferguson will be the real Governor. They are bachelors.--EZverett Herald.
Marinn's throwing in with the Solid South looks like the break-up of another political glacial period.--Arkansas Gazette.
Iris a hopeful sign, remarks one surveyor of the situation, that millionaires have ceased to multiply. We'd like it even better, tho, if they'd begin to divide.--
Boston Herald.
EUROPEAN countries want us to reduce their debts to us so we'll not lose so much money. --Altlanta Constitution.
Tue Cincinnati Zoo stork that went cuckoo is not the first member of the family to act crazy.--Macon Telegraph.
Now a scientist insists that moths make sounds that serve as speech. We've noticed them chewing the rag.--Los Angeles Times.
A CLERGYMAN has been con- demning the modern bathing- suit. He has less to find fault with than many preachers.-- The Humorist.
In line with other suggestions aimed to bring back prosperity, why not have the Government put ''Post No Bills" signs on all the mail boxes?--Life.
We want to see an upturn in the wheat market that proves to be more than the short interests can bear--Weston Leader.
Now that Russia has her American-made factories, all she needs is a few million American-made mechanics.--Publishers Syndicate.
Ir gives us a certain added sense of equality to learn from the style notes that fringes are to be much in evidence on women's clothes, too.--Boston Herald.
A PSYCHOLOGIST says we should never do any difficult task before breakfast. That's when we perform our hardest one-- getting up.-- Thomaston Times.
AccorpiIng to a naturalist, fish have no method of communi- eation. We had noticed that they do not respond to lines we drop them.--Atlanta Constitution.
We have some doubts about the assertion of the scientist that we all act like vegetables when we sleep. After all, vegetables are edible, not audible--Boston Herald.
Iv's funny that Ex-Mayor Jimmy Walker would pick out the only country in the world formed in the shape of a boot to go for a rest.--Greensboro. Herald-Journal.
?
'""Minapy will be up to her ears in furs this winter,'' a style note asserts. It doesn't tell what father will be up to his ears in when the time comes to settle for them.--Boston Herald.
JAPAN's exports to China fell off alarmingly during the first half of the year. This bears out our theory that shooting the customers is not a sound commercial policy.-- The New Yorker.
A writsr says that marriage does not prevent a woman publie speaker from pursuing her career. On the contrary, it means that she has provided herself with a permanent audience.--The Humorist.
FOREIGN
COMMENT
India's Epoch-Marking Pact of Poona
HILE 250 MILLION HINDUS prayed for Ma- hatma Gandhi in his ''fast unto death" at Yerovda jail, Poona, India, and the eyes of all the world were turned toward that spot, a blaze of lights in the India Office in London until almost midnight of September 26 at- tested the speed with which the British Government was working to do its part toward ending the Nationalist leader's hunger strike.
For six days and five hours the Mahatma had lived on water with salt or soda. He was under observation of eight physicians who noted his swift decline from day to day. But when word came that the British Government had agreed to ac- cept the electoral compromise reached between the Caste Hindus and the '' Un- touchables,"' Gandhi stopt his fast.
So feeble that he had to be propt up by his wife to take it, he sipped slowly of musambi, a sweet lime-juice concoc- tion, under the mango-tree in the jail yard where the negotiations were con- ducted that mark the beginning of the end of the gulf between the Caste Hindus and the ""Untouchable"' millions.
Admirers and followers are carrying away branches of this already legendary tree as relics of the event that came to pass under its shade.
But before he would partake even of the musambi, Poona Associated Press dispatches relate, Gandhi insisted on prayer. The little group about his bed- side sat on the floor, and Rabindranath ~ Tagore, world-famous Indian poet, led them as they prayed.
The Pact of Poona, hailed in many quarters as dating a new epoch in India's history, was signed by four Hindu Caste leaders and by two ''Untouchable"' leaders. The Caste leaders are Malaviya Raja, M. R. Jayakar, Sirtej Sapru, and Raja Gopal- achari. The last named is an aid and strong supporter of Gandhi.
Of the two '"'Untouchable"' leaders who signed the pact, M. C. Raja and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Dr. Ambedkar is a graduate of Columbia University, and has heretofore been a violent anti- Gandhist. After signing the pact, Raja Gopalachari and Dr. Ambedkar exchanged pens.
A resolution accompanying the agreement, Bombay United Press dispatches advise us, provides for immediate action to give the ''Untouchables"' full rights to enter all temples, schools, and roads, and reiterates the determination of the signers to remove all social disabilities as rapidly as possible. These cables add:
Acme photograph
"Part One of the pact fixes the number of seats apportioned to the 'Untouchables' in the Provincial Legislatures at 148 instead of 71, as in the previous government award.
"Tn the Central Legislature 18 per cent. of the reserved seats shall be for the general electorate in British India. It was 4 per cent. under the government award.
"Methods of election also are fixt, one provision being for a primary election at which four 'Untouchables' shall be elected as candidates. One of these four candidates is to be selected by an. electoral college composed of both 'Untouchables' and Caste
' Hindus to contest at the general election.
'Part Two provides that reservation of seats in the legislatures shall continue until further mutual settlement can be reached. The primary election method will cease automatically at the end of a decade, if not ended by mutual agreement earlier.
14
"The 'Untouchables' are to have full rights of representation in local bodies and in public service. Adequate grants for educa- tional facilities were agreed upon in principle."
As previously shown in these pages, Mahatma Gandhi began his ''fast unto death" because of his belief that Britain's proposed special electorates for the deprest classes would not protect them . or Hindu society in general from being disrupted. Separate electorates would only perpetuate the cleavage of caste, not heal it. In the establishment of a separate electorate at all for deprest classes, he wrote to Prime Minister MacDonald from Yerovda jail, "'I sense the injection of a poison that is caleu- lated to destroy Hinduism and to do no good whatsoever to the deprest classes."
That is why cables from the Indian Nationalist press reveal rejoicing over the agreement concluded between the Hindus themselves, and approved by the British Government, because, as the Nationalist Bombay Chronicle puts it:
"The Pact of Poona ends those pro- posals which threatened to drive a wedge into Hinduism."
To the extremist Free Press of India, the Poona Pact is from every considera- tion a victory for Gandhi, and it explains
joyfully:
"Gandhi achieved a miracle. He has brought 60,000,000 'Untouchables' into purified Hinduism and has enabled 250,- 000,000 united Hindus to support Nationalism.
"The pact is a triumph for Gandhi on every front, moral, political, and social."
Among cables from the British-edited press in India, we find the Calcutta Hnglishman, a weekly Conservative newspaper of the British residents, urging Gandhi to ''devote his solution to great moral and social issues instead of wasting his energies upon an impossible political program."
The Times of India, leading English daily of Bombay, issues a warning against regarding Gandhi's "'subtle form of coercion" as a sovereign remedy for India's knotty problems. This journal also expresses a feeling of skepticism about the permanent effect of the Hindu agreement:
"The attainment of political strength is not tantamount to the removal of social disabilities, as a wave of temporary senti- ment may not be expected to sweep aside deep-rooted customs."
Among cables from the press in England to Tue Lirerary Dicsst, we find in the London Daily Telegraph a similar note of doubt. Meanwhile, it remarks:
'""Gandhi's directing his threat toward the British Government was one of the freaks of Gandhian mentality which always has made it so incalculable as an influence in Indian affairs. It looked at first like a mere piece of tortuous insincerity.
"But the device has not for a moment blinded the Hindu com- munity. They perceived that it was upon them the pressure was being applied. Their leaders acted with all promptitude, and a settlement was produced there through concessions by both sides.
'But the overwhelming balance of the advantage is, as it had to be, on the side of the 'Untouchables.' It has given the British Government what it always has earnestly appealed for--an agreement among the Indians to replace one which it had most unwillingly devised itself.
OmeryO BE RM 84 219.312
"There remains the question, as Gandhi himself perceives, whether the part of the Caste Hindus will be carried out in the spirit of the negotiators of Poona. The social habits of a thou- sand years can hardly be uprooted in a-week, but the institution of Untouchability certainly has received a staggering blow and one that may prove fatal."
Having in mind perchance that another big problem of Britain in building up the new Federated India will be to develop co- operation between the Hindus and the Moslems, the London Daily Mail observes that the Poona agreement ''removes only one of the difficulties in the way of setting up democratic govern- ment in India."
China's Anti-Civil-War League
ITTER REPROACHES AGAINST the Chinese for
their continual outbreaks of civil war will no longer
be heard if China's National Anti-Civil-War League proves efficient.
Five hundred delegates representing 401 public bodies and 1,075 individuals of every walk of life lately sat at the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce on a hot autumn day, to try to finda solution and ban civil war forever.
These delegates came together of their own free will, ''to use the ambiguous phrase,'"' remarks the Shanghai China Critic, and they formed an association called the Anti-Civil-War League. It was in April that the idea was first announced by some one, and it was well received, apparently, for two or three months later the League was formally inaugurated.
This weekly is convinced that the swift growth of the Anti- Civil-War movement into a permanent organization evidences the anti-war spirit of the Chinese public, and it proceeds:
"Tt is twenty-one years since the establishment of the Republic. But there has not been a single year in which some sort of war- fare has not taken place. For twenty-one years people suffered. But twenty-one years passed without producing any one daring enough to sound 'the call to arms.'
"There may have been journalists, authors, and cynics who made it a profession of theirs to denounce war; but a definite anti- war organization is the first of its kind. :
""Hence, cordial wishes for the League's success! Mr. Wu Ting-chang, chairman of the conference, in his address before the meeting sounded the key-note of the League. He declared that the League would devote itself exclusively to the Anti-Civil- War movement, and would not carry on any other movement or engage in any other activities.
"This is a note of relief. Far too often there have been organi- zations tinged with political affiliations. Let this be an indepen- dent league, voicing the opinions and ideas of the people, people as individuals and not as biased groups. Mr. Wu also stated that while the existence of an anti-war league was unnecessary in a country where conditions remain stable, the work of such a league was urgently required in China. However, it is tenta- tively fixt by the League's draft regulations that the League shall function for five years only."
It is hoped, The China Critic explains, that by the end of that time conditions will be so stable in China, the existence of such an organization will be no longer needed. It is pointed out further that altho the league is designated an Anti-Civil-War League, its object is ''to stop war without war, in other words, to prevent fighting through the application of peaceful measures." We read then:
''Here is the League of Nations in miniature form. However, while the idea of the League of Nations is worthy to be copied, let not the inconvenience and cumbersomeness of its functioning exist also in the miniature league. Dissension is something that can not be tolerated in an antidissension organization.
'Ag was said above, the Anti-Civil-War League is formed by individuals. May these individuals unite into a strong body so as to bring pressure to bear on those persons responsible for any civil war. Just how this League is to function remains to be seen."
Mite ireieAN RY? Di GES T ey
Soviet Russia's "New Terror"
WAVE OF DEATH and long-term prison sentences
is sweeping over Russia because of two government
decrees directed against country-wide thievery of merchandise and crops and against speculation.
Thousands of arrests, unequaled since the tragic winter of 1929-1930, when peasants were forcibly herded into communal groups, are reported.
In addition to the countless cases of thefts of river and rail- road freight, the Soviet press tell of an epidemic of embezzle- ment in various government trusts and cooperatives.
The first and most drastic decree of the Soviet Government prescribes capital punishment for thefts of freight in transport and for stealing property from collective farms and cooperatives. |
Only when mitigating circumstances are established by the court may the death penalty be commuted to ten years of im- prisonment with confiscation of all property, and no amnesty may be granted to persons who commit this type of offense.
The second decree, directed against speculation, instructs "the Ogpu, the prosecuting officials, and the local authorities to take measures for routing out speculation, applying to specu- lators and middlemen the penalty of imprisonment in concentra- tion camps for a period of from five to ten years without the right of applying amnesty."
Official figures quoted in a mail communication from Moscow to the Associated Press reveal that in the first three months of this year thieves looted 40,000 freight shipments, stealing 1,538 tons of merchandise and foodstuffs.
These were disposed of at handsome profits in the private market, where everything brings exorbitant prices.
Tzvestia, official organ of the Soviet Government in Moscow, offers this explanation of thievery on the railroads:
"There was, for instance, a gang of professional lawbreakers who entrenched themselves on the Central Asiatic Railroad in the regions of Chimkent, Aulie-Ata, and Tashkent.
"To distribute their loot they had the cooperation of horse thieves who stole horses from neighboring collective farms. Recently, these gentlemen had to answer for their acts before the tribunal of the Central Asiatic Railroad, which sentenced fifteen out of thirty-five bandits to death and the rest to various
terms of imprisonment. Later, eleven of the death sentences were commuted to imprisonment."
Bor both Jzvestia and other Soviet journals admit that a great majority of railroad thefts are not the work of professional bandits, but of railroad employees and cooperative workers-- the very persons who are entrusted with the protection of goods in transport. This is proven, according to the official Pravda, by the case of the freight station in Moscow of the Moscow- Kursk Railroad. Pravda informs us:
"The employees and workmen working in the courtyard and in the depots of this station organized themselves into a regular band; and they artificially created conditions under which it was especially convenient for them to loot.
"The whole place was purposely kept in terrific disorder--it was littered with broken glass, paper, scrap-iron, old galoshes, etc. And shipments were roughly handled so as to break the erating and thus facilitate the process of stealing.
"Here it was impossible to find any particular consignment, or to find out to what destination this or that one was to be sent. What is more, the freight-handlers, bosses, clerks, and other members of the gang used to ship the freight to wrong destina- tions. Consequently, when inquiries about lost freight were made--and in the last six months 7,303 such inquiries were recelved--they cynically answered that the rice, or wheat, or whatever it might be, was 'ruined by rain,' or the like.
''But if a shipper of, say, furniture proved to be fixt in his decision to get back his goods, the gangster-employees told him: 'Hush! Take any pieces you like of other people's furniture, only do not talk.'
""So he would help himself to the things he liked and go home. . . . Thirty-seven men now are being tried for these thefts at the Moscow Freight Station."
Ewing Galloway photograph
Barcelona--Where the Catalan Dream
Catalonia: "Pocket State"
HAT THREE CENTURIES of tyrannical mon-
archy could not accomplish was done in a year and a half by the Republic."
That is how Francisco Macia, President of the Catalan Gen- eralidad, or Government, expresses himself on the granting of autonomy to Catalonia, by which a ''pocket State" is created within the Republic of Spain by the Statute for Catalonia.
When, on September 25, Premier Manuel Azafia, of Spain, officially presented the authorization of self-rule to President Macia at Barcelona, he was welcomed by hundreds of thousands of Catalans, many from the countryside in short, bloomer-shaped trousers and red caps, as well as by the residents of Barcelona. Radiant with enthusiasm, they waved flags and sang 'El Segredores," which was used as a kind of Catalan anthem all during the festivities.
Its principal verse refers to cutting off the heads of the proud Castilians, but, as Frank L. Kluckhohn relates, in a wireless to the New York Times from Barcelona, Premier Azafia is well content at having sound Republicanism in Catalonia, the pic- turesque district between the Mediterranean and the Pyrenees, which includes the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Tarragona, and Lerida.
He had the greatest weleome any Spanish Premier has received in two hundred years, and Barcelona had one of the greatest days in the history of that city of more than 1,000,000 inhabitants.
From the time the whistle of Premier Azafia's special train sounded in the distance on the morning of September 25, Mr. Kluckhohn informs us, until search-lights played that night on the towering fountains of the Exposition, huge crowds thundered their approval and marched up and down the Ramblas, the great central boulevard, from the Plaza Catalonia.
co
Tunes is a slight discrepancy of sentiment among the press of Spain, as revealed by editorials cabled to Tue Lirrrary Dicest. The moderate Republican press of Madrid feel that the Spanish Government has done a wise and generous thing. To quote the Madrid Sol:
"Premier Azafia enunciated a new system of political and spiritual Spanish unity which not only will heal the traditional ill-feeling of Catalonia, but will attract the enthusiastic collabo- ration of the Catalans to the common task of aggrandizing Spain.
"The Government, far from weakening itself by granting regional liberties, will strengthen the supreme authority with
votes of cooperation and with a fervor which always was denied in the past."
THEOLUTERAR YTD EGEST
© CO BE Raaes al igor
of Three Hundred Years Came True
But some Barcelona newspapers seem to wish for still more liberty. Rejoicing is tempered by a certain disappointment in El Diluvio, of Barcelona, which had hoped for even greater con- cessions than are granted in the Statute:
''Premier Azafia gave us in the name of the Republic a posi- tive reparation for past secular injustice, thus opening the path to a new liberty.
"However, the truth is that Catalonia received the Statute as a solitary jewel with discreet lamentation because of what is lacking. Thus joy and sadness blend into Hope."
Bucavse of Barcelona's notoriety as the scene frequently of industrial strife and Communist outbursts, Tue Lirnrary Digest especially sought by cable the opinion of the Syndicalist organ, Solidaridad Obrera, which sharply addresses the Madrid Government in these words:
'""Have you fulfilled your promise to Macia?
"We tell you, NO!
"You have been made to believe that Catalonia already is free, when the Statute offered to us is an insult to the Statute the Catalans drew up.
"In Catalonia, just the same as before, the privileged caste maintains an unchanged position. Your arms in exile were defiance and a perennial accusation against tyranny in those sad days.
"Now they stretch forth the hand of representative cen- tralism."'
Aw analysis of the Catalonian Statute, in the London Times, shows that Catalonia will have her own Parliament and her own courts and will maintain her own social services. The Generali- dad, or Government, will have its own taxes and will receive a
proportion of the revenue of others due to the Central Govern- ment, and this newspaper proceeds:
"Tt will also have power to create new sources of revenue, tho it will not be able to raise foreign loans without the permission of the Cortes. Both Catalan and Castilian will be official languages, and the Republic as well as the Generalidad will maintain primary and secondary schools.
'The Republic reserves the right to 'intervene in questions of public order when the security of the State demands this.'
"In certain matters affecting railways, the press, and agri- culture Catalonia will have to carry out the laws of the Republic.
"Foreign affairs will, of course, remain entirely under the control of Madrid.
"With these restrictions upon complete freedom--which are not more severe than good sense dictates--Catalonia will be her own mistress. It would be too much to assume that the Catalan problem is now finally solved, and that there will be no further dispute; but in essentials the settlement should be lasting." .
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LETTERS AND ART -
LITERATURE +» DRAMA y+ MUSIC +7
FINE-ARTS 7
EDUCATION +7 CULTURE
What of Our Valhalla in 2032?
if. OW MANY OF OUR PRESENT American writers seem likely to be as important for our descendants a century from now as Emerson is for us to-day?
Last week we showed an English writer in the throes of specu- lation on the immortality of contemporary English writers.
And he was pessimistic about the survival of even six.
The same fears about our own Valhalla of 2032 assail Henry Hazlitt, who utters the query made above.
"Confronted with such a question," he says, ''the natural tendency of most persons will be to think first of our novelists." James Douglas, quoted last week, had a similar idea; and his six possible British candidates were Kipling, Bennett, Wells, Shaw, Hardy, and Galsworthy.
Mr. Hazlitt is literary editor of The Nation (New York), and has served The Sun in a similar capacity; other New York papers have employed him, especially in their pages of financial news. He figures as one of our trench- ant and discerning critics, particularly in the field of literature.
Writing in The Forum (New York), Mr. Hazlitt finds us rich in some dozen or more talented writers of fiction, such as--
"Theodore Dreiser, Sinclair Lewis, Ernest Hemingway, John Dos Passos, Upton Sinclair, Ring Lardner, Willa Cather, Edith Wharton, Evelyn Scott, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, Branch Ca- bell, William Faulkner, Thomas Wolfe, Thornton Wilder, Sherwood Anderson.
""Many of these novelists are read by most of us with real pleasure; one would prefer to discuss their merits; but here it is necessary to point out, instead, that the perspective of a hundred years is cruel."
Photograph by Pinchot
Warn one gives thought to the ques-
tion, he continues, ''which novelists, if any, of our day seem destined to survive a century, one is obliged to turn first, not to America, but to Europe'':
"The one novelist in whom we can have absolute confidence in this respect is Proust. If asked for other names we might add first Thomas Mann, then perhaps Knut Hamsun. James Joyce's 'Ulysses' will surely endure as a literary curiosity if nothing else.
""But when we turn to our list of Americans we make a sharp descent. It is perhaps not necessary for our present purposes to talk of specific defects; one need merely remark, bluntly, that our novelists have not the necessary stature.
"And where they do have one or two essential qualities, they seem devoid of the others. Those who are concerned with style and structure, like Cabell and Wilder, either lack power and substance, or, like Willa Cather, are just not sufficiently absorb- ing. Those who, like Dreiser, have power and substance, write with disheartening clumsiness.
''Most of them are too immersed in the mere externalities of the current scene, and are bound to suffer accordingly."
'D raiser and Sinclair Lewis are two novelists picked as having the best chance of survival, and even they may fail:
"The latter's best and richest book is undoubtedly 'Arrow- smith,' but it is 'Babbitt' that seems likely to be longest remem- bered, because it is more typical of what Lewis stands for, be- cause it has given a new word to the language, because it has
What Does Henry Hazlitt See?
Alas! not many of our writers fit for Valhalla after a hundred years.
portrayed and caricatured the American philistine both for ourselves and for the world with unequaled mastery.
"But here again we must ask whether Lewis has not told us too much about transitory externals and too little of Babbitt's inner mystery. Much of our pleasure in 'Babbitt' is the pleasure of recognition.
"Will this recognition exist even fifty years from now?
"Will not the slang itself prove a mere obstacle to future readers? ;
"Will they not be incapable of recognizing Lewis's superb mimiery? :
"The philistine will still exist, of course, but he will have changed very much superficially, and there will be many new portraits of him. What will happen to George F. Babbitt when he has to com- pete not only with all these descendants, but with all his ancestors since Moliére' Jourdain? j
"Tt is with these considerations in mind that I should be more inclined to place my money on Dreiser. Alone among our contemporary novelists he has created characters--J ennie Gerhardt, Hurstwood, Cowperwood--that » are round, solid, individual, and, unforget- able. He communicates as none of the others do his enormous appetite for life, and his profound sense of its tragedy and pathos. It remains to be seen whether these qualities will be enough to overcome the mountains of prolix detail in his books and his appal- ling style--serious handicaps if one hopes to live a century."
One stands alone among the dram- atists. To quote Mr. Hazlitt:
'In studying the drama our problem is much simpler. There is only one figure whom we need consider.
'*Hugene O'Neill stands out not only as incomparably the most important of our present dramatists, but as the most important dramatist yet to emerge in America. Unlike Dreiser and Lewis he has not handicapped his chance of sur- vival by too deep an immersion in the current scene. He has chosen to deal with elemental passions. No one can deny him rare dramatic power; no one can deny him size.
"Yet his plays are too schematic; their dramatic effect rests too much upon situation and too little upon character. His characters, moreover, are almost never rich and well-rounded. They are nearly all neurotics, monomaniacs; they are seen only from one side, and this gives even his most powerful plays the curious quality of seeming to exist in only one dimension.
''And if O'Neill has avoided the handicap of losing his plays in the adventitious details of current American life, he has, unfortunately, rested many of them too heavily, and too crudely and obviously, on the passing vogue of psychoanalysis."
Poetry, then, stands perhaps the best chance:
'"Current American poetry, indeed, is richer and more intcr- esting than current English poetry.
"The list, indeed, if we included every one in whose work there seemed the possibility of survival, would be much longer than that of the novelists. And the reason for this lies in the nature of poetry itself. Its very traditions protect it from the vice of our fiction--a vice, at least, from the standpoint of longevity--that of obsession with passing external details.
"Poetry tends to deal always with what is permanent in problems, situations, and passions. Moreover, while a novelist to survive must write at least one whole novel that survives, a poet may imaginably survive through a single sonnet. 'Only write a dozen lines,' as Emerson remarked, 'and rest on your
14
18 THE: E hd ERA Re¥ (DaliGee eh
oars forever.' But while it may be untrue to say of many of our present poets that they will be unreadable a century hence, one may say with some confidence that they will be unread. Literary death comes, if from nothing else, from overcrowding. 'The contemporary poet who seems to have much the greatest chance of long survival is T. S. Eliot, whom for present purposes I shall consider an American. His 'Wasteland' is the most discust poem of our time. It seems likely to stand as the finest contemporary expression of the plight of a generation, a genera- tion yearning after past glories, crusht by vulgarity and sterility in a land where the sun beats, And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water.
"The poem, it is true, is 'difficult,' and crowded with esoteric allusions, but even if we were to assume--which I do not--that this difficulty will prevent it from surviving, Eliot would still be secure through half a dozen other poems--' The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,' 'Gerontion,' 'Sweeny Among the Nightin- gales,' 'The Hippopotamus,' and the memorable poem beginning:
We are the hollow men We are the stuffed men Leaning together .. .
"Next to Eliot I should place a poet of a very different nature, Robert Frost. He is not primarily concerned with the plight of this or any other generation; his poetry is lucid, and there is in it, to use Ludwig Lewisohn's admirable phrase, a 'quiet magic' which seems destined to keep it alive.
"Edwin Arlington Robinson, tho often mentioned with Frost, does not seem to me to be really comparable with him. He has written a few excellent things, but the bulk of his verse seems too abstract and dull to be long preserved. Robinson Jeffers's work, on the other hand, seems destined to endure because of its sheer narrative intensity and power. Jeffers's qualities make one think of him as the Hugene O'Neill of our poetry.
"The late Hart Crane is a difficult figure to assess. His work, like Eliot's, has many obscurities in it, but we can not read the first three lines of the 'proem' to 'Brooklyn Bridge'--
How many dawns, chill from his rippling rest The seagull's wings shall dip and pivot him, Shedding white rings of tumult .. .
without recognizing that we are in the presence of a poet of brilliant gifts. And he could write fragmentary lines with a vibrant force rarely found in the poetry of these days:
O Thou steeled Cognizance whose leap commits the agile precincts of the lark's return--'"'
F INALLY, are two women, Edna St. Vincent Millay and Elinor Wylie:
"The first, particularly in her earlier volumes, wrote much that was touching and fresh, but I can not help but feel that she has been much overpraised. There is a great deal of feigned emotion and false rhetoric in her, and this seems likely to become increasingly obvious as the years pass. But as the largest num- ber of poetry readers in America are adolescents, particularly female adolescents, Edna Millay's poetry may appeal to this audience for many years.
"Elinor Wylie's verse is maturer, and somewhat wider in range; for sheer craftsmanship it is not excelled by that of any contemporary poet; it is exquisite and lovely. But it seems to me, at bottom, to treat conventionally poetic subjects in the conven- tionally poetic way; it opens (to apply the standard once pro- posed by Edward Garnett) no new windows to the soul. Let us say that Elinor Wylie is an enduring minor poet."
Critics, we have, of various stripes. Joseph Wood Krutch is given a possible chance for immortality through his ''The Modern Temper," which may stand as the prose counterpart of Ehot's ''Wasteland."'
And what of H. L. Mencken?
"Of these Mencken, despite the fact that his reputation is now in eclipse, still seems to me the most important. Not that I think the present comparative neglect of him altogether un- justified: his best work seems to be definitely behind him; the old fires have burnt themselves out. His ideas were never very subtle, they were limited in number and range, and they have come to seem stale from repetition. But no critic in our history has wielded the influence on our letters that he did for nearly a decade, and he earned his temporary dictatorship."
OrC ch -O.BiE oma eee
Who Reads Scott's Novels?
AN SIR WALTER SCOTT BE TAKEN as the touch- stone for youth? In the past, Scott was read in one's teens, then put on the shelf when romance began to be lived.
Do boys still read him? asks Lewis Gannett, and turns from his own family circle to confess that his own boy, ''now thirteen, could not be induced to read two pages of Sir Walter."
On September 21, 1832, Sir Walter died, and now the press turns to do him homage, while the air brings a half hour's dis- course from London, delivered by John Buchan, who has just published his ''Sir Walter Scott, 1771-1832."
"Buchan insists that it is only pale intellectuals who assert that Scott is not much read to-day," writes Mr. Gannett, "and Hugh Walpole, who writes a glowing introduction to a selection of seven hundred pages of Scott's best writing, 'The Waverley Pageant' (Harpers), agrees with Buchan."
But Mr. Gannett is ''afraid they are wrong,'' tho he confesses he ''swept through the whole row of twenty-six volumes when I was fourteen years old."
The New York American, descanting on the health, magic, gusto, and chivalrous spirit of Scott's novels, adds: 'Perhaps that is why they are so eternally attractive to the high-minded and to youth, unspoiled and healthy."
And the New York Herald Tribune contents itself with this:
"Tf the time ever comes when youth no longer goes to Scott for wholesome inspiration to chivalry and courage, and adults no longer turn to him from dull routine to lose themselves in the color and gaiety of the Middle Ages, Sir Walter Scott's own history will survive as one of the finest stories of an unbreakable spirit in the annals of the English-speaking peoples.
"It is a story of almost unparalleled literary and scholarly success, yielding lavish returns of honor, homage, and wealth, but always to the accompaniment of mishaps and disabilities which more than offset every success and imposed burdens so painful that they finally brought on their own anesthesia in the form of forgetfulness."
Not to bear too hard upon youth, the writer in The American finds adults just as remiss:
"Tt is difficult for most adults now to follow Sir Walter Scott on his devious path, for the world to-day is too much with us, and his tales are far too leisurely. Youth is the time to read Sir Walter, to know the Antiquary, Rob Roy, Edie Ochiltree, Effie Deans, and to accompany Ivanhoe on his travels and jousts. Youth is the time to appreciate his lusty ballads and to be touched with the glamour of the moonlight on Ronan's Rill [Well].
"Scott's personages belong in the mental gallery of every educated person. His women are the noblest, as Ruskin said, in all literature, and his heroes are the most chivalrous. His novels are animated by a love of action, grace, beauty, and a reverence of the ideals.
"It is impossible to overestimate his influence, for Dumas, Hugo, Stevenson, and a host of romancers were inspired by his genius. He seems old-fashioned now--more's the pity. But one soaked in Scott in youth can be little harmed by the vulgar and mephitic literature of this age, for he has had a healthy start."
(Oke debt is to Charles Hanson Towne of The American for a glimpse into Walpole's ''The Waverley Pageant." Walpole thinks that to-day certain questions must inevitably be asked. Was Scott an artist? Was Scott betrayed by snobbery? Was his business carelessness criminal? Did he love once, and once only? Has the great body of his work lost a salt and savor for this modern world? And here is Walpole's reply:
"It is the common practise of to-day in literature to dig up all the corpses. We dig them up with a subconscious desire to prove ourselves as good as they.
"But we may make at once this statement confidently about Sir Walter: that, when everything has been dug up, when he has been charged with loving a lord, with cheating at business with despising his wife, with a Toryism that was puerile, with a
SCOR ene 26 ar IS 372
love of old armor and a bad taste in bric-a-brac, with an inability to write an English prose, with historical inaccuracy, with novels that are fit only for children and pages--more boring than 'Rasselas'--at the end of it all he rises serenely, apart and beyond, a great gentleman, a creative genius, a friend of any one and every one who seeks his company, a great man in every true sense of greatness."
A Good Word for Critics
RITICS HAVE BEEN ACCUSED of killing the thea- ter business.
When last season saw plays opening on Monday and closing before Saturday, the producer cast a wicked eye on the critic, regarding him as his executioner.
But Burns Mantle of The Sunday News (New York) sees a change of heart in the critic:
"The vacation period did one thing for the theater. It brought the hardest-boiled, even the fair-to-medium hard-boiled, play reviewers back to work tolerant if not kindly in spirit.
"They suffered when they were forced to tell Father Brady that 'Domino' would not do. They grew dewy-eyed because good old Fred Stone was forced to offer a 1910-model musical comedy in 'Smiling Faces,' which, ordinarily, they would have torn joke from joke, scene from scene.
"They tried their durndest to like 'Here To- day' for good old George Kaufman's sake, he being the stage director and possibly the smart editor of George Oppenheimer's script. And they did what they could for Raymond Van Sickle's variations on a familiar theme called 'Best Years.'
"The poor old theater has, in fact, enough to struggle through without their continuing their much-loved campaign to reconstruct it closer to their individual notions of what it should be. It was particularly kind of them to be decent with Fred Stone. Nothing they could say or do could help 'Smiling Faces' much, but neither did anything they said conceal the fact from any semi-intelligent reader that here is second-rate Fred Stone entertainment."
The Cover
ERE is a man of '' American ancestry older than the nation itself,'' writes Leland M. Ross and Allen W. Grobin in ''This Democratic Roosevelt, The Life Story of F. D." (E. P. Dutton & Co.), ''a man with the background of Cambridge, a man bearing the impressive name of Roosevelt."
When not in Albany or touring the country his home is at Hyde Park on the Hudson. ''He has what is called in the West 'the Eastern accent''' reports Eleanor Patterson, editor of the Washington Herald, writing in the New York American, but, she adds:
"People in the West should remember that Governor Roose- velt?s direct ancestors have been talking pure American ever since America became America, ever since Revolutionary days, when nobody was talking anything at all out West, except the
Indians. 'Ror Plymouth Rock is only one of the 'cradles' of America.
This Hudson Valley is another."
Describing a luncheon where several important men besides the family were present, she writes:
"The conversation scattered up and down the big, hospitable table. The Governor joining in, freely, frankly with none of the usual man-in-the-limelight, crablike caution. Yet Roosevelt is quick and sensitive of eye and ear. Warm, responsive. For all his gaiety and freedom of manner, sitting there at home in his family circle, you feel that he is aware of each personality in theroom.
"One or two little half shadows passed, which would have ducked President Hoover over his soup-bowl--snapt Mr. Coolidge
see nitekener Yo DrG'E St 19
into one of those steel-trap silences. But Governor Roosevelt turned the prickly moment aside easily, without a ripple. It was then that you noticed that his eyes are not the bright blue so often described. They are bluish-gray. Quick, fearless eyes. Electric.''
Say It With Mittens
OUVE PERHAPS HEARD "SCOTTY" over the radio, and been told he plays the piano with hands encased in mittens.
It's all true, as you now see by his picture, tho you might be tempted to wonder why he does it. Dr. Johnson, when he saw a dog trained to walk on his hind
Mittens No Handicap "Scotty" will play you jazz or a Liszt Rhapsody with muffled fingers.
legs, exclaimed, '' Wonderful, wonderful; I wish it wasn't pos- sible."
But Henry Scott delights his hearers with anything from jazz to Liszt's Second Hungarian Rhapsody.
Some light on the mystery is thrown by the Syracuse American:
"He has developed his stunt of playing with heavy wool knit mittens on to a remarkable degree. He never plays for any one without them, and it is rumored that even his own teacher has never seen him play without his mittens on.
"With the remarkable technique which Scott displays playing with his mittens it is not a difficult matter to appreciate what an accomplished pianist he must be without this obstruction. It would appear that the heavy mittens on his hands do not inter- fere with his playing, as he romps through difficult masterpieces rapidly and deftly.
'His stunt was first conceived when he came in one afternoon when skating and sat down at the piano without removing his mittens, and found that by careful manipulation, now made almost perfect by long practise, he could play in spite of the heavy yarn coverings on his hands. The stunt has developed for him a great deal of technique which he believes he could not possibly have developed without something like the mittens to hinder his playing. Some of the foremost concert pianists of the day have admitted that they can not understand how this feat can possibly be accomplished."
RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE The Campaign Against "The Great Calamity"
NE EVENING, YEARS AGO, in the Province of Alberta, Canada, a happy father and mother went out for a stroll through a near-by wheat-field with their
little boy. As they wandered through the field, each thought the other held the hand of their child.
All at once they realized that the boy was not with them. They called, but there was no answer. They became more and more disturbed, then terrified, and hunted everywhere with no results.
Finally, the father went back to the village and got a searching
party to assist them. Many willing helpers searched all night without avail. After
many hours some one finally suggested that they join hands and cover the entire grain- field, and not leave a single square foot uncovered in this last effort.
They joined hands and soon came across the body of the child, and a hush spread over them all, because they had found the child too late. As the group stood there in silence, with bowed heads, some one was heard to whisper. ''Tf we only had joined hands before it was too late!"
The story, told by Harvey D. Gibson, president of the Manufacturers' Trust Com- pany of New York, illustrates the method of the non-partizan campaign started at the White House for relief of the victims of ''the great calamity."' The concentrated effort is under the direct command of Newton D. Baker, who, as Secretary of War under President Wilson, mobilized the forces of the country for the war in Europe.
In taking over his duties, Mr. Baker says that while the peaceful fight may not be so spectacular as were some of our World War battles, "'the consequences in terms of human value may be even more devastating."
The campaign is to be the Armageddon of the Great Depres- sion. Each community is to take care of its own. No one of the millions whom circumstance has reduced to beggary is to go hungry or unsheltered. Every man able to stand and weather the storm is to be his brother's keeper in all senses of the word.
nownnsn under a leafy tree on the south lawn at the White House, President Hoover stated the case of America's deprest millions before 200 representatives of twenty-nine national relief organizations. Some of the flower of finance and industry were there as captains in the united drive. They heard their com- mander-in-chief state the objectives of the intensive barrage to be laid down from the morning of October 17 to the fall of night on November 3. That, of course, will be but the beginning of the allied drive against human misery.
Four definite objectives were named by the President as he spoke to those before him and to the unseen hosts embraced in the miracle of the microphone:
"The first is to see that no man, woman, or child shall go
hungry or unsheltered through the approaching winter. 20
Another Threatening Cold Snap --Cargill in the South Bend "Tribune."
"The second is to see that our great benevolent agencies for character building, for hospitalization, for care of children, and all their vast number of agencies of voluntary solicitude for the less fortunate are maintained in full strength.
"The third is to maintain the bedrock principle of our liberties by the full mobilization of individual and local resources and responsibilities.
"The fourth is that we may maintain the spiritual impulses in our people for generous giving and generous service--in the spirit that each is his brother's keeper. Personal feeling and personal responsibility of men to their neighbors is the soul of genuine good-will; it is the essential foundation of modern so- ciety. A cold and distant charity which puts out its sympathy only through the tax collector yields a very meager dole of unloving and perfunctory relief."
W ans the Government is spending $750,000,000 to speed up Federal construction work, and has made provision to lend $1,500,000,000 for con- struction of enterprises of a self-sustaining nature, this does not mean, the President em- phasized, that the Govern- ment seeks to replace the efforts of local relief agencies.
"Let no man believe, be- cause we have summoned the power of government to these ends," he says, ''that it can replace your efforts."
The President expresses a guarded optimism that this will be "'the last winter of this great calamity.' But he warns that, "'despite a dawn- ing hope upon the horizon, individual need in the mean- time may be greater than before."
All the forces for relief are allied under the banner of the Welfare and Relief Mobilization Conference, which the President summoned to Washington to outline its maneuvers before the snow flies. As Mr. Baker describes the purpose of the Confer- ence, no national fund is to be raised, much less distributed. "Complete local autonomy prevails as to the method of both raising and distributing the funds. The movement is utterly American in recognition of local autonomy." It will ''consider and plan how we can best add strength to all local efforts at fund-raising by creating a current of national opinion that every citizen has responsibility to the limit of his resources for caring for his less fortunate fellow men."'
(ORGS ae especially those who have been flung on the world to shift for themselves, Mr. Baker stresses in his reply to President Hoover that the work in mind "'is not only a mere interim provision to tide over this winter's crisis from the ma- terial point of view, but also, in its larger aspects, it is to con- tinue the work of character building and to conserve and strengthen the fortitude and courage and self-reliance of our people, so that there will be no deep injury done to our national life by this tragic emergency."
The foundation on which relief must rest, says Walter S. Gifford, president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, who headed the committee last year, is ''organized
GeLOBER. S|» 1°9 39
Pate Lit RAR YD PGE ST D3
AN
IMPORTANT MEMBER
OF YOUR FAMILY
Tue telephone is something more than an in- strument to carry your voice across the miles. It is a most important member of your family.
Faithfully, constantly, cheerfully it serves you. Keeps you in touch with friends. Stands guardian over your home. Helps to put more pleasure and achievement into life and living. And does it all so capably.
When you are moving, you keep your tele- phone in the old home until the last van has gone and you place the key in the lock for the final turn. You arrange in advance to have a
telephone ready at the new address so there will
be no break in your contact with the world. When a young couple starts housekeeping. When there is illness in the home. When some- body goes away. When distances are great. When emergencies arise. On all of these occasions the telephone earns its right to family membership.
Day or night, any part of the telephone company's army of skilled workers, intricate equipment, and millions of miles of wire is at your command.
It is the Bell System's constant endeavor to make the telephone worth more and more
to every subscriber.
AMERICAN TELEPHONE
AND TELEGRAPH
COMPANY
22. TH BALA ReA RAS SDH GE Sah
social work supported by private contributions to private or- ganizations."
These hard-headed business men, while they are willing and anxious to share their loaves, agree with Him Who spread the loaves and fishes before the hungry multitude that ''man does Mr. Gifford urges the continuance of '""more
not live by bread alone." all the social welfare activities of the relief agencies as vital to-day than ever before," and Mr. Gibson says that "'pres- ervation of human values in this crisis is not dependent alto- gether upon the receipt of tangible relief."" If we can not give the despairing father the bread he needs for his wife and children, '"we can at least give him the understanding and guidance that will sustain his hope and his courage until help may be forth- coming."
If Dives remains unmoved by the involuntary beggary around him, another way to open his purse may be used. Those who can and fail to contribute, warns Louis E. Kirstein, president of the Associated Jewish Charities of Boston, must face the al- ternative of higher taxation, which must be imposed by the Government, the States, and their political subdivi- sions to care for the needy. He asserts that many wealthy men ''are standing on the side lines and criticizing, but shouldering no responsibility whatever."
It is a ease of giving volun- tarily or through increased taxation, says Mr. Kirstein:
"The unemployed can not be left and will not long sub- mit to hunger and deteriora- tion.
"Wither we must give gen- erously and voluntarily to our social agencies, or we must stop whining when the Goy- ernment is forced to impose the added taxes required. I have little patience with those who raise the hoary ery of 'dole' whenever government funds are involved.
'"A 'dole' is a 'dole' whether the funds come from private charity or public treasuries.
"'T do not believe in the dole, but as a matter of fact we have been having during the last three years in the United States the most extensive dole of any Western country. The raising of money for welfare and relief work this winter is a challenge to business and financial men and our lay leaders."
Acme
Bridger of Chasms
Success at last crowns the efforts of:Sir Robert Perks, noted engi- neer, who labored 54 years for reunion of British Methodism.
So the campaign is started. Its purpose is, of course, generally lauded, and there is wide agreement with the Presidential view that aid must be through local and private initiative, with cooperation and coordinating help from the Government. As the Washington Post puts it:
"Government efforts and available funds, tho they were doubled, would cut small figures in comparison with the work of many thousands of active groups and unheralded individual efforts, to provide the necessities of life for less fortunate members of society.
"Loyal community spirit has endeavored in countless cases to extend help that is most useful, and at the same time to save the pride and self-respect of the recipient. Government aid must continue to be considered as supplementing the indispen- sable efforts of more fortunate Americans and private organi- zations."
But there are exceptions, Under the caption, ''More Bunk for the Hungry," the Philadelphia Record berates the President for not opening the Treasury, and says that ''only the United
States still continues to hand out bunk instead of bread."
OsG-TvO B EAR® S85 calyeoe2
The British Methodist Merger
IFTY-FOUR YEARS IS A LONG time in the life of
any man. But it is not too long to devote to a cause, thinks Sir Robert Perks, Bart.
The other day he saw 10,000 people, many of them from other lands, gather in Albert Hall, London, to witness the signing of the deed of reunion of the three Methodist churches into which the followers of John Wesley were sundered. He had broached
that reunion in 1878, and since had held himself stedfastly to the task. None was happier at its finish than this man, broad A member of the Institute
and rugged as the cliffs of Dover. of Civil Engineers, his name associated with many famous engineering feats throughout the world, he is still hale at the age of eighty-three.
Before the ink was dry on the deed the members on the platform and in the audience, the cables tell us, laughed and shook hands. Then 10,000 voices swelled into the Te Deum to solemnize the occasion. They made Dr. John Scott Lidgett, former presi- dent of the Wesleyan Con- ference and _ vice-chancellor of the University of London, president of the combined ehurch, and Sir Robert was made vice-president, the highest office in the church open to a layman.
_ John Wesley has been dead nearly a century and a half --it was on May 24, 1738, that he paid a casual visit to a society's meeting in Alders- gate Street, which resulted in inspiring him to a new evangelism--but the Bible he used in teaching is still intact. It was handed to Dr. Lidgett.
Raising the well-thumbed Book, the venerable churchman said: ''I accept this Bible of John Wesley as a symbolic instru- ment of the work of world evangelism to which the Methodist Church is called."
Among those on the platform, says a United Press cable, were the Duke and Duchess of York, representing the King; the Bishop of London, representatives of sixteen other churches, officials of the Salvation Army, a representative of the Lord Mayor, Sir Josiah Stamp, the great financial expert, and Walter Runciman, president of the Board of Trade. American churches also were represented. The Duke of York bore a message from the King, which reads, in part: 'I congratulate the uniting churches on the attainment of this happy result. They may well see in it a token of divine guidance and blessing. I weleome it as marking one step toward unity of the Christian people, a cause which is always near my heart."
Not many years ago there were five great Methodist bodies in Great Britain: the Wesleyan, the Primitive, the United Free, the New Connection, the Bible Christians. Then there were three: the Wesleyan, Primitive, and the United, which gathered into itself the other two.
The United Methodist Church, according to an Associated Press dispatch, embraces 5,000 ministers, 200,000 Sunday-school teachers, 1,250,000 Sunday-school students, and nearly 1,000,- 000 members. Its total property in Great Britain in churches, schools, colleges and missions is estimated at from $210,000,000
erwood
Wesley's Successor
Dr. John Scott Lidgett, president of the United Methodist Church of Great Britain, in which all former divisions are merged.
CCHOD SRewoin yl 93,2
Tete Ey ek AR Y---D bGES-T
HAT is now the total
all-time production of Pneumatic AutomobileTires in Goodyear factories throughout the world. That is a potent answer to the question, ""'What is the best tire to buy?" The best tire
is a Goodyear, because
Goodyear has the greatest experience, gained by building millions more tires each year than any other
tire-maker. The best tire is
TUNE_IN: GOODYEAR INVITES YOU TO HEAR FEATURE GUEST ARTIST EVERY WEDNESDAY NIGHT, OVER N.B. Cc. RED
a Goodyear because the largest production enables Goodyear to put more money into safeguarding the uniformity and quality of every Goodyear Tire. The best tire is a Goodyear
GOODYEAR AND THE 6-HOUR DAY
In October, 1930, Goodyear pioneered the 6-hour day, to furnish work to as many men as possible. Approximately 3,000 additional wage- earners were thus given employment. In the words of President P. W. Litchfield, "If adopted wherever possible, the 6-hour day would put millions of men now unemployed into a posi- tion where they would be self-supporting."
200 MILLION TIRES
because the public says so -- Goodyears are first- choice of motorists by bet- ter than two to one. More people ride on Goodyear Tires than on any other kind. Goodyears outsell all others because they outrun them on the road. Think over these facts and ask yourself: Why buy
any second-choice tire
when FIRST-CHOICE costs no
more?
THE REVELERS QUARTET, GOODYEAR CONCERT-DANCE ORCHESTRA AND A NETWORK, WEAF AND ASSOCIATED STATIONS
at
to $280,000,000. In England, we read, the union leaves the Anglican Church still the largest; but the Methodists now come second, and the Roman Catholies third.
Should Methodists everywhere be united, as now seems prob- able, we are told, they would form the largest Protestant church in the world. In membership they total 12,000,000, and they represent a church community of 50,000,000. There are 60,000 Methodist ministers in the world, and 90,000 local preachers.
But a larger union is envisaged. Speaking of the possibility of Anglican and Methodist reunion, the Bishop of London, Dr. Arthur Foley Winnington Ingram, said:
'And why confine this reunited church to Wesleyans and the Church of England? Why should not the Baptists, Presbyter- ians, Greeks, Old Catholics and, at last, a reformed Roman Catholic Church, all join with the molten glory of one Holy Catholic Church throughout the world?
"While, therefore, I wel- come this reunion and wish you godspeed, I look upon it as only a prelude to the greater reunion in days to come."
Tur merger receives the plaudits of the press. In an article published in the Lon- don Daily Express, cabled to Tue Lirerary Dicsst, Arthur Henderson describes it as ''one of the half-dozen outstanding events in the whole history of Christianity. It willinevitably compel other churches,"' he says, ''to ex- amine their own positions and see whether the time has not arrived for reducing the num- ber of separate bodies and narrowing the chasms be- tween denominations.'"' Mr. Henderson is a former member of the Labor Cabinet, and is now president of the Disarmament Conference.
"Tt is an occasion for warm congratulation by those who realize the great and honorable réle the Methodists have played in the religious and social history of Great Britain since the early days when the movement was the target for abuse and the very name Methodism was coined as an insult,' says the London Daily Herald, Labor organ.
In the opinion of the London News-Chronicle, whose editorial is also cabled to Tur Lirrrary Digest, the union ''serves as a warning how much yet remains to be done before the old ideal of a united Christendom becomes again more than a distant vision."'
This is also the burden of much opinion in the Western home of Methodism. The Troy Record, for instance, observes that the lesson in the British union might well be taken to heart by the United States:
To mock Thy name.
"For example, there are 4,000,000 Methodists in the North, 2,500,000 in the South; and these two denominations are abso- lutely the same in belief and organization. They divided with the Civil War, and have never been able to come together.
"There is also a Methodist Protestant Church, with 200,000 members, and several minor Methodist bodies with 100,000 more, to say nothing of colored Methodists of two or three groups. How much more powerful they would be if they were one!
"And there are Presbyterians in the North with 2,000,000 members, a Southern denomination with nearly 500,000 members, United Presbyterians with 175,000 members, and several smaller Presbyterian bodies.
"There are three Baptist denominations with from one to three million members each.
"Similar churches might come together now. Then the problem of finding a common denominator for those more widely separated could be attacked. Great Britain has led the way-- perhaps we should say that Canada led the way, with Great Britain following. Why can not the influence for unity spread?"
THE LV TERASR Yo DihGteorn
These Shall Call You God
By Cora Paxton Stewart
HEY are ashamed to hold Thy name in awe And seek in divers ways to show their scorn, These souls who find no grandeur in Thy law, Nor in a wonder-world of music born. They never kneel before a minster gate Nor hear a whisper from a wind-swept sky; Scoff at the Name on which the ages wait, And find no song or flower to track Thee by.
Only the coward and the knave shall dare
Crusaders on the fields
Of Infidel were not ashamed to wear
The flaming cross emblazoned on their shields . . . Martyrs, and shrines where pilgrims' feet have trod And children's voices,--these shall call you God.
--The Churchman (New York).
OCGE.O BPRS ele oe
When Colonel Robins Was
Converted
HE GOLD RUSH, FORTUNE, sudden catastrophe when the wild Arctic threatened him with its icy bulk--then a shadow of the Cross on the snow before him.
Up there, we read, in the wide waste of the Yukon, where so many others had been bitten to death by the chill winds from the polar seas, was the turning-point in Col. Raymond Robins's life. The story of his service to humanity thereafter is known to all.
It will be recalled that the dry leader and social worker dis- appeared September 3, after leaving New York to keep an ap- pointment with President Hoover. He has been reported seen in various places, but Federal agents and local police, up to the time of writing this, have found no clue to his whereabouts.
'His mysterious disappear- ance lends deeper interest to the story of his conversion-- a story as strange as that of his disappearance. It was -written in December, 1930, by Walter I. Clarke, publicity director of the Presbyterian Church, and we cull this from The Churchman Afield de- partment of the Boston Hve- ning Transcript:
"This is the true, thrilling, triumphant tale, now for the first time told freely to the public, of how man in the de- spair of death's shadow met God in the frozen wilderness and was restored to conquering life.
"Raymond Robins was among the first in the Klondike gold rush. With his bare hands he wrested a great fortune in precious metal from soil and stream in the heart of the Yukon wilds.
'Before he could transport his wealth to civilization he was trapt with two companions by the Arctic winter in the depths of the wilderness.
'Colder and crueller the grip of snow and ice surrounded them. When hope seemed gone, Robins set forth alone from his tent over the frozen waste, determined to die out under the sky.
"Suddenly he stopt transfixt. A lone, lean, leafless tree trunk with two bare branches at right-angles threw an impressive shadow upon the snow at his feet in the form of a distinct cross. His imagination leapt to life, and his soul was stirred to its depths.
""Tt is hard for another person fully to realize,' said Robins, 'but I was overwhelmed.'
"His own hardships, his own impending fate, seemed as noth- ing in the contemplation of that cross and the image it conjured up of the sorrowing, suffering Savior. At the foot of that cross, on his knees in the snow, he found his soul. Through his wor- shipful prayers there in the wilderness he became possest of a spiritual treasure vaster, more exhaustless, than all the gold in Alaska and by which he is endeared to social and religious workers.
"He is a valued counselor in affairs of state at Washington and elsewhere. He might have been United States Senator from Illinois, but he refused to bind himself to an unholy political alliance. He was superintendent of the Chicago Municipal Lodging House, and head worker of Northwestern University Settlement. He has talked and wrought for high principle and pure ideals in the United States, in Russia, and elsewhere. He is an. advocate of organized labor and land-value taxation. He is an authoritative social economist. He has become one of the most eloquent of American orators."
Ar the closing banquet of the Interdenominational Men's Work Congress in Cincinnati, in December two years ago, we read, Colonel Robins ''moved the minds of a thousand men for two hours with a most convineing oration in support of constitu- tional government and unswerving loyalty to the Constitution."
SCIENCE AND INVENTION
Money Wasted in Medical Research
GREAT DEAL OF THE MONEY now given by
the public to finance medical research is wasted, ac-
cording to Sir Walter Morley Fletcher, secretary of the British Medical Research Council, because it is earmarked for a named disease or because the true methods of getting the best results are ignored.
Sir Walter, in an interview reported by J. L. Hodson, and printed in The News-Chronicle (London), is quoted as speaking as follows:
"The man in the street is apt to assume that if you put money down you can buy research work. But you can not-- any more than you can suddenly buy a great poem.
"The right conditions are only obtained after securing men with a special sort of imagination, and giv- ing them the right training and opportu- nities, a reasonably secure livelihood, and intellectual freedom--they must be able to follow their own clues. Furthermore, a long- sighted and maintained policy must be adopted.
"Too often at present legacies or generous gifts are bestowed on isolated bodies not in a position to frame any effective or long- sighted policy, or are given to wage a frontal attack on a named disease.
"For example, immense sums have been given in the United States for cancer work --with very small result. The whole history of science shows that you reap your fruit almost always unexpectedly.
"Tf IT were to find myself at this moment with a million pounds to spend on medical research, I should certainly not make a frontal attack on cancer or rheumatism (which probably causes more invalidism than any other disease in this country), but em- ploy it in developing particular applications of primary physiology and biochemistry which would assuredly bear fruit later on. My point is that the new method or new clue that has helped to destroy a disease has again and again emerged from studying
something outside that particular disease." Copyright by International
"How," asked the reporter, ''are people to know the best uses to put their money to?" Sir Walter responded:
"The Royal Society is admirably suited to give advice, and would be very glad to do so, or the Medical Research Council, of which the members are almost entirely drawn from the Royal Society."
Sic WALTER went on to speak of what he called the weak link in the chain of our medical research.
"Tt occurs in clinical work--research in which the human patient is the material. This research should form part of the work of the Professor of Medicine in every university, but it does not, except in rare instances.
'"Aberdeen is such a one; there, Prof. Stanley Davidson is improving the treatment of pneumonia, among other things, using a concentrated serum, and gives his whole time to ad- vancing his subject instead of giving it to professional practise.
'"'What we require now is the endowment of several more new posts of that kind. The Rockefeller Foundation have exprest their intention of becoming financially responsible for one, and the Beit Trustees for a second.
'""Byery step forward in medical science is a step toward abolishing surgery. When we find the mode of preventing cancer perhaps one-third of existing operations will end.
""One thing seems very certain--that the clue is likely to be found by the use of highly developed methods associated with different fields of work. There are many reasons for suspecting that cancer may prove to be a virus disease, in which case all the elaborate work done in studying viruses will in due time find its use here.
""We know there are in birds several forms of undoubtedly malignant tumors that can be regularly transmitted by minute
If He Had a Million
Sir Walter Morley Fletcher tells how he would spend it in medical research.
particles that have the known qualities of viruses. Extremely important work has been done in this direction. Sir James
Paget described cancer as an 'ingrowing wart,' and warts are undoubtedly produced by a virus.
"A rival view regarding cancer is that here is some unexplained change in the inherited qualities of malignant cells, and if that is so, our knowledge of cancer must wait until our knowledge of the physical basis of inheritance is much further advanced."
East Chicago's Fly Farm
N THIS INSTITUTION, maintained in East Chicago,
Indiana, by the Sinclair Refining Corporation, not only
flies, but mosquitoes, weevils and other pests, are bred, raised, and fed at the company's expense.
They pay, however, for this luxury with their lives, for they ultimately perish in tests of the efficacy of insect-destroying concoc- tions--the end and aim of the whole experi- mental plant.
The Times (Erie, Pa.) tells about it:
"Tn this day of depression, when budget- slashing is the rule rather than the exception, when non-essentials in bo*h small companies and large corporations are being eliminated, when even minor expenditures are rigidly controlled and then limited to utmost main- tenance necessities, it is of interest to learn that the directors of one of the largest indus- trial corporations of the world have just ap- proved the purchase, on the part of one of the corporation's units, the Sinclair Refining Company, of a quantity of milk, beef broth, honey, and cinnamon buns for use in feeding the company's flies.
'"And not only have fiies been provided for with executive approval, but also bedbugs, weevils, and mosquitoes. Buggy business? Yes, but nevertheless a profitable, sane, and sound corporation expenditure even in these times, for the household pests provided for are bred, raised, and fed at the Sinclair insect spray-testing laboratory here, for the express purpose of testing and maintaining the killing power of Sinclair's pest-destroying fluid.
"'Sinelair's insecticide testing laboratory is popularly known as the 'fly farm,' and is the most completely equipped of its kind on this continent. The laboratory is as clean and modern asa hospital, and the work is in charge of graduate entomologists.
""Into what is said to be the world's largest glass-walled death chamber that winged martyrs are allowed to zoom. The door of the chamber is closed and then a measured quantity of insect killing fluid is sprayed into the chamber. If the required number of flies do not succumb, this particular batch of insect spray is strengthened in killing power. Then it is retested. Ten such tests as these must be carried out on every newly made batch of Sinclair P. D. insect spray--making 1,000 flies in all that must be killed. Only flies at the age of five days are chosen for these tests, because flies at this age are harder to kill than any other household insect."
Wa find in the St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times, this account of the '"'farm'':
"The 'fly farm' in Hast Chicago, Indiana, is one of the most interesting places of its kind in the world.
"The tests are carried on in ten flights of 100 flies each; that is, 100 flies are released in the death chamber--the correct quantity of P. D. is sprayed in--the dead and the near-dead are picked up and counted--100 more flies are released, and the operation is repeated--ten times in all. Any fly which is not absolutely 'downed'--that is, any fly which is still clinging to the walls of the death chamber--is carefully borne away and given every oppor- tunity to revive, even to the point of being offered cinnamon buns, for which, it has been discovered, an ailing fly has an especial craving and on which he is most likely to recover his lost vigor."
25
26
Carving Up Dead Autos
OW A TOWN DID THIS with blow-pipes, thus solving the problems of cleaning up a mess and providing work for the unemployed at the same time,
is told in Oxy-Acetylene Tips (New York). A number of citizens were in urgent need of employment; and at the same time the attractiveness of certain sections was
Keystone-Underwood
Ready for a Big Bonfire
How a California town disposed of 160 ancient and dangerous automobiles. town did is told in the accompanying article.
considerably marred by skeleton bodies of abandoned auto- mobiles, trucks, and other types of discarded equipment. One of the town's prominent citizens suggested that both of these problems be solved at one time. We read:
"He felt that many of the unemployed could find steady work in carrying out a civie clean-up campaign. He also felt that a clean community meant a happy, safe, healthful, and prosperous community and, with these two points in mind, he set to work devising a program that would accomplish these results.
"Investigation showed that a similar campaign had been carried out by a near-by town, but that the method used had proved quite expensive, and had not been entirely satisfactory. They had used a heavy truck equipped with a crane, which had cost about $65 a day, and two other large trucks to work with the erane truck at $25 a day. With this equipment this other town had removed all heavy unsightly objects such as abandoned auto- mobiles from all parts of their locality and piled them in a huge dump. Unfortunately, this did not dispose of the abandoned ears.
"This plan was rejected because of its expense and because many of the abandoned automobiles were located at considerable distances from the highway where a heavy crane truck could not go. Furthermore, the abandoned cars after removal by this plan were still intact and impossible to cover up. The problem of cutting these cars up into small enough pieces for complete removal still remained, and it was evident that the oxyacetylene cutting process offered the only practical and economical solution.
"A light one-ton truck which could get anywhere off the highway, and a standard oxyacetylene cutting outfit with extra long lengths of hose furnished all the equipment needed to put a group of the village's unemployed at work.
"A crew of men headed by an experienced oxyacetylene cutting operator was sent out to the various locations and put to work. As all of the auto dumps were surrounded by refuse of all kinds, this was first fired or removed by the men while, at the same time, the operator cut up the cars into sections small enough to be carried to some point that could be reached by the village ash truck.
THE WV TE RARIY, DSUiGieise)
OC TORE Rigo ye ere
"Bor three months this program was carried out intensively, and a great deal of work was accomplished. It was found that an expenditure of only slightly more than $1,000 both cleaned up the community and brought employment to at least twenty men a week. Many more men were used on the other types of cleaning-up work, such as keeping the streets free of trash an paper, burning rubbish, and doing other work which would tidy up the whole community. !
"The civie organization was naturally highly imprest with the ease and speed of dismantling and cutting up not only auto-
mobiles which had been abandoned,
but other types of metal trash such as old cement mixers and road-grading equipment which had been abandoned ina lot. The organization now keeps on hand the complete oxyacetylene cutting outfit and intends to use it in
a like manner whenever it is needed.
Furthermore, through the agency of
the cutting blow-pipe both of the civie
troubles were easily cleared up, and
at an expenditure so moderate that it
permitted more funds to be applied _ to unemployment relief."
Births Follow the Stock Market
HERE HAS BEEN A DROP
in hirths all over the world, as
well as in wealth and em- ployment.
Thisis set forth in aleading articlein The Statistical Bulletin of the Metro- politan Life Insurance Company, (New York). Says this publication:
"The birth-rate in the United States has reacted to lowered business activity by showing, in 1931, an un- usual decline; and, in all probability, it will, in 1932, reach a new low point.
"The decrease is much more pronounced in the industrial than in the agricultural population. Huropean countries have shown similar declines.
"Hor many years a downward trend has been observed in the birth-rate throughout the civilized countries of the world. This has been due to several causes, chief among which, there can be little doubt, is the increased dissemination of knowledge of birth control and its growing practise. For the Registration Area of the United States, the falling off in the birth-rate from 1915 to 1931 amounts to an average of 2 per cent. per year.
'"But war, business conditions, or disease, have often been of sufficient force to increase the downward trend; so that the birth- rate at any particular time may show an above-average decrease. This is exactly what happened in 1931 and during the first-half of 1932, if we may judge from the records.
"The birth-rate for the United States in 1929 was 18.9 per 1,000 population, and the same figure was repeated in 1930; in 1931 it dropt to 17.8. The birth-rate for 1932 will probably be below 17. 4
"Available figures for other countries, with few exceptions, show similar large declines. In Europe, particularly sharp drops are shown for Hungary (8.7 per cent.), Germany (8.6 per cent.), Greece (7.0 per cent.), Poland (6.2 per cent.), Italy (5.0 per cent.), Czecho-Slovakia (5.3 per cent.), and France (3.9 per cent.). Of the South American countries, figures are available for Chile alone, which records a decline of 13.1 per cent.
"The present fecundity of the American population is barely adequate to maintain our numbers at a fixt level. Temporarily, we still have a good excess of births over deaths, but only because of past conditions, which have given us a relative excess of women in the child-bearing ages.
"But a further fall in the birth-rate will presently bring us below the self-sustaining level, when the effect of past high birth- rates has worn off. It is, of course, possible that when the present economic stringency passes, there will also be a recovery in our fecundity to a higher point, through an increase in the marriage rate. Failing this, it appears inevitable that, at some not very distant date, our population will not only come to a. standstill, but will actually decline, now that accretion from out- side by immigration is precluded." 4
What another
f
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28
A Schoolgirl Swats the Mosquito
HE FIRST PRIZE OF $500 in the fourth
Gorgas memorial-essay contest for high-school pupils
is won by Harriet M. Jones, of the St. Agnes School at Albany, New York.
The essay, an admirable summary of the fight against the disease-carrying mosquito, we print in abbreviated form below. It is the 15,000 essays submitted, and is sent to Tuer Digest by Dr. Cary T. Grayson, president of the Gorgas Memorial In-
annual
winner among
stitute. Writes Miss Jones:
"Tew people outside the medical world have directed their attention to an enemy far more numerous and even more destructive to human lives than that which we are subjecting to outlawry by treaties and covenants. He poisons our food and water and transmits disease among rich and poor alike. This malevolent enemy is the familiar mosquito.
"The mosquito has hith- erto rendered the tropical regions of the earth a menace to the civilization of white men.
'Tn the early part of the present century, a medical revolution took place. Its locale was Cuba; but it was destined to affect the entire inhabited world. Its results brought relief and often complete immunity from the mosquito, which carries the yellow-fever parasite.
"The leader of this revolution was Maj. William Crawford Gorgas, later Surgeon-General of the U.S. Army. His goal could not have been attained, it is true, without the valuable pioneering of a few others. Due recognition must go to Dr. Carlos Finley of Havana, who first maintained the theory that mosquitoes are the carriers of yellow fever. The patience and heroism of the four members of the Reed Commission alone brought the theory to actual proof. Young Jesse Lazear, who laid down his life in the interest of medical science; James Carroll, who suffered a severe case of the fever; Walter Reed himself, whose life was shortened; and the Cuban doctor, Aristides Agramonte--all these performed their duty in detecting the enemy.
"The next step, that of discovering his ambush and finding means for his annihilation, was a difficult one. Indeed, in the eyes of medical authorities and the Reed Commissioners them- selves, it was impossible. But the indomitable Gorgas would not accept defeat. He accomplished the seemingly impossible by clearing Havana permanently of the disease. Against great odds and under political difficulties, Gorgas repeated the same brilliant performance in the disease-ridden Republic of Panama, as chief sanitary officer during the construction period of the Isthmian Canal."
A $500 Swat
Is given the pestiferous mosquito by Miss Harriet M. Jones.
ean mosquito inhabits not only tropical regions but more temperate climes as well, Miss Jones goes on to say. He prefers the rather thickly populated town and countryside, but does not scorn the sparsely settled areas of the earth, such as Alaska and northern Canada. The history of past centuries relates many instances of entire armies or cities wiped out by plagues brought upon them by mosquitoes. Empires declined as a result of the undermined health of the people, traceable to mosquitoes. To quote further:
"There are seven or eight hundred species of mosquitoes. Of these, the most dangerous to human health are certain breeds
which carry the germs of yellow fever, malaria, and filariasis. The Stegomyia, the transmitter of yellow fever and the species so quickly eradicated by Gorgas in Havana and Panama, is
fastidious in its habits. The female lays her eggs only in fresh water, such as may be found in pitchers and tumblers of drinking water in private houses. This domestic tendency affords an
THESL-RE RY R YebieG Basa
OCTOBER MB lca
advantageous level of attack, in that the larve destroyer knows exactly where to make his search. ;
'Other mosquitoes, including the Anopheles, carrier of malaria, and the Culex, carrier of filariasis, propagate in convenient marshes, in stagnant pools, or in any receptacle holding water. The male is short-lived, his span of life never exceeding two weeks. The female, in whom we are more interested, lives through the summer and sometimes survives the following winter. It is the female mosquito alone who sucks the blood of unsus- pecting humans, thereby often transmitting from or receiving into their own bodies disease germs. (
"It ought not to be understood that the three species now named are the only breeds injurious to our health. Every mosquito must be considered and treated as an enemy. By carrying septic matter on proboscis and feet, he often poisons our food and water, causing illnesses such as cholera and typhoid. He is also able to directly infect wounds by this same means.
'An intensive campaign for the complete extirpation of the mosquito has been shown to be entirely feasible. It is no longer a concern of medical science. It is an open conflict between ever- increasing forces and citizens the world over. The only means we have of exterminating him is the abolishing of all possible breeding places. Once the political inertia and obstacles of present-day organization are surmounted, the campaign will be well on its way to victory. It-must be upheld at every point of the attack, however, by the people themselves. On no other terms may we have freedom from our detested foe."
Scientific Fairies
HE FAIRIES OF FOLK-LORE may have been an actual
race of men--perhaps driven out by the influx of modern
man--the British Association for the Advancement of Science was told at its recent meeting.
It is quite possible, said Canon J. A. MacCulloch, that the stories of fairies are based on facts, and date back to some long- lost race of pigmies or Neolithic men, who lost in the struggle for survival with the ancestors of man as he is to-day. Says a report in the New York Herald Tribune:
""The traditional conception of fairies and gnomes bears a close resemblance to pigmies as they are known to-day. Fairies also may have been thought of as ghosts of an earlier race. They often are connected with burial mounds, and there are parallels in folk-lore between fairies and ghosts.
'Habits of fairies as depicted in fairy-tales, and habits of primi- tive men often are similar, he pointed out. Fairies often are depicted as disliking the high civilization of humans, dwelling underground, using stone weapons in preference to iron. There are legends of migrations in connection with dwarfs and fairies which may be based on migrations of ancient man.
'""An early pigmy race can not be the sole foundation of a belief in fairies, however, Canon MacCulloch added. The fairy folk- lore has been embellished with many supernatural beliefs, and fairies finally became beings with a combination of human and imaginary traits."
Creaseless Neckties
FAVORITE necktie will not have to be thrown away so Z soon if it is made from a new fabric which withstands tying
as readily as wool. Says the New York Times:
'All textiles wrinkle to some extent, linen probably being the most crushable, and wool the least. Cotton and artificial silk have been put through experiments for years in the attempt to make them comparatively creaseless. A report from a textile firm of Manchester, England, announces that at last science has solved the problem, and so cheaply that fabrics are now being made and sold. Neckties, being a stiff test for wrinkles by their use and nature, were the first articles of commerce in the new material. :
'Like so many inventions made with a purpose, this one is discovered to carry additional and unexpected virtues. Intended merely to make the cloth as elastic as wool, it also strengthens the fabric. This sbould make it especially valuable to manu- facturers of artificial silks, which have been strong enough while dry, but greatly weakened by water. The actual process is the last one in manufacture, following bleaching, dyeing, and printing, It consists of 'putting a synthetic condensation product inside the filaments of cotton or silk.' "' e
OC POBER. $7 1932 itor ree RY DIGEST 22
Why risk the gifts of health and charm?
VERY OFTEN it is not actual neg- lect that permits teeth to decay. It is the use of an ineffective dentifrice.
Science has now shown that merely cleaning the teeth is not enough. A complete program of oral hygiene at home must in- clude a definite means of check- ing decay.
Squibb Dental Cream not only cleans teeth beautifully, but helps to combat the germ acids that cause decay. This is due to the Squibb scientifically balanced formula, with its effective ant- acid ingredient.
Decaying teeth are a menace to more than your appearance. They may undermine the health and vitality of your whole body. Prevent decay now, before it is too far advanced. Don't be satis- fied with just any dentifrice. Use Squibb Dental Cream twice each day, and give your teeth scien- tific protection.
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PERSONAL
GLIMPSES
Turning Prosperity's Corner at Rockefeller Center
EN MILLION EIGHT-HOUR WORK-DAYS, benefit- ing, directly or indirectly, 56,000 persons.
That's one of many records set by Rockefeller Center, declared to be the largest commercial building project ever undertaken by private capital. And perhaps this record--which is a banner jolt to thejaw of Old Man Depression--is the best news coming out of the $250,000,000 Rockefeller project in mid-town Man- hattan.
Everybody knows the main details of it, of course. Three blocks, some twelve acres in ex- tent, stretching north from Forty-eighth Street to Fifty-first Street, and west from Fifth Avenue to Sixth Avenue, are be- ing cleared and a new "city within a city" is rising.
At the present time one may see every stage of the work going on-- old buildings in the process of demolition, ex- cavation for new struc- tures, foundations, steel framework, and even partly completed edifices. Eventually, when the project is finished, it will include four build- ings devoted to British, French, Italian, and, probably, German in- terests, two huge office- buildings for the Radio Corporation of America and Radio-Keith-Orphe- um interests, a motion- picture theater, Interna- tional Music Hall, said to be the largest theater in the world, an opera- house, two more office-buildings, not specifically named at the present, and a site for future development.
The end of this year, it is expected, will see tne completion of the Photoplay Theater and International Music Hall.
Ons by one the buildings that make up the project will swing into line, until '' Rockefeller Center takes its place with the Louvre, the Alhambra, and the pyramids of Egypt," says a New York dispatch to the Milwaukee Journal.
"But with this difference. The historic groups of buildings cited were centuries in building. The Louvre was under con- struction from 1541 to the 1880's. From the time of Francis I, kings, John D. Rockefeller will in a few years have completed an equally epoch- making achievement.
emperors, and presidents all worked on the problem.
'It is a group of buildings such as this,' an architect said of Rockefeller Center, 'that divides the world's art history into periods.'"'
Rockefeller Center itself, as we have seen, is a record-breaking
performance. But it does not stop at being a record. Many of 30
New Teeth for Manhattan's Saw-Edge Sky-Line
Rockefeller Center viewed from Fifth Avenue. the towers of '"'Radio City" rising majestically in the background.
its component parts are record-breakers in their own right. As we leaf hurriedly through a sheaf of press accounts, we find these awe-inspiring statistics:
The largest ground area ever utilized for a unified commercial building project.
The world's largest office-building--the seventy-story Radio Corporation of America Building--853 feet high. This building has a ground area of almost 100,000 square feet, and will contain considerably over 2,100,000 square feet of commercial floor space.
The world's largest theater -- the Interna- tional Music Hall--with a seating capacity of over 6,000. This theater will have a larger stage and a larger proscenium opening than any other theater in the United States. It will also have the largest electrically operated orchestra car ever built.
The largest structural steel contract ever exe- cuted for steel to be used in a commercial building project. Pres- ent estimates include approximately 140,000 tons of structural steel, of which about 60,000 tons is being used in the erection of the R. C. A. Building. Approximate- ly 2,800 freight-cars will be required to transport the steel from the fabri- eating mills to New York City.
The largest radiator contract ever placed in connection with a com- mercial building project, involving a total of ap- proximately 25,000 radi- ators, with over 550,000 square feet of radiating surface.
The largest contract ever placed by a private corporation for central station steam. Under this contract, the New York Steam Corporation con- templates furnishing approximately 360,000,000 pounds of steam a year. Over 500 car-loads of coal and a quantity of water sufficient to float five ocean liners as large as the Leviathan, will be required to produce this 360,000,000 pounds of steam. It is estimated that this quantity of steam would pull the Twentieth Century Limited for more than 400,000 miles--over sixteen times the circumference of the earth at the equator.
A mammoth organ, said to be the largest pipe-organ ever installed in a theater, located in the International Music Hall.
The largest chandelier ever erected. This chandelier, twenty- five feet in diameter, and weighing six and one-half tons, is sus- pended from the ceiling of the Radio-Keith-Orpheum Photoplay Theater.
The largest mural painting ever executed. This magnificent mural, sixty feet long and forty feet high will be used in the in- terior decorations of the International Music Hall.
The largest bronze plaques ever made. Three of these, each eighteen feet in diameter, will ornament the south fagade of the International Music Hall. A rectangular plaque, eighteen feet by thirty-five feet, will be displayed on the north wall of the
This architect's drawing shows
OrCairO BsEsRy 647-1932
R. K. O. Theater. These plaques, designed by Hildreth Meiere, were executed by Osear B. Bach.
Ap so we come back to the best record of them all--those 10,000,000 eight-hour work-days for 56,000 people. The New York Sun in the following article shows us where all these hours come in:
The first contingent of this large army of workers has already been engaged in tearing down and removing the 229 build- ings which "occupied the three blocks. Close behind the wrecking crews has come the excavating division.
In computing the amount of labor to be employed the engineers took cognizance of the supply and production end. The various employees in iron mines of Michigan and Alabama, the Arizona copper mines, Colo- rado lead mines, and, finally, the coal pro- ducers of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, will all contribute to the sum total of labor.
Labor in the timber areas, the planters, brick-makers, cement workers, granite, limestone, and marble-quarry men, blast- furnace and rolling-mill workers, and the great hordes of workers employed in the transportation of the material alone--all were included in the computations.
A DESCRIPTION of the individual units of the development is found in a volume, "Rockefeller Center,'' published by those interested in the project. The main en- trance to the three-block ''city within a city"? will be on Fifth Avenue, between "two buildings dedicated to the industry, commerce, and art of England and France. These structures will face Fifth Avenue in the central block [Forty-ninth to Fiftieth Streets]."' A building ''directly across Fiftieth Street from the British Empire Building, will be dedicated to Italy. Di- rectly to the north will be a structure similar in size and appearance. Negotia- tions for the tenancy of this building by German interests are under way." Read- ing on:
The group of structures in the westerly half of Rockefeller Center will bear the name of ''Radio City.' The central structure, in the block between Forty- ninth and Fiftieth Streets, will be called the R. C. A. Building. It will rise seventy stories in the air--853 feet above the street --and will have a greater floor area than any other office-building in the world. From Fiftieth to Fifty-first Streets will be the R. K. O. Building.
Closely connected with this building will be the R. K. O. Photoplay Theater, with seats for more than 3,500 people, and the International Music Hall, with a seating capacity of 6,000, we are told as we read on:
The Metropolitan Opera Company and the Philharmonic Symphony Society of New York need new and suitable homes. Mr. Rockefeller's original interest [in the project] grew out of the hope that he might make possible a modern home for the Metropolitan Opera Company. The proposed opera-house will face a new north-and-south street to be created within Rockefeller Center, and will extend west- ward a distance of more than 300 feet.
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There ought.to be. llory a pillory vor
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HOSE Salem witches were in- nocent lambs compared with this erring brother. He smokes a pipe that smells like the village smithy. Yea, verily, someone should tell him about
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THE' LET ERA R Yo DiitGes
O'CST'O_ BEE RM oq tlae
Lethal Lessons in a School for Duelists
"4 TTENTION -- Feu! Un--deua-- trois!"
At feu the arm of a waiting man ''swung up like a flash," and a sharp erack "'bit off the first letter of deux. It was the fast, smooth shot of a pistol artist,' Fred O. Copeland tells us in Travel.
If the man had raised his arm before feu or shot after the word trois was called, we read, the shot would not have counted. In an actual duel, grave consequences would result from such a miscalculation.
But, happily, this is not a duel we are describing, but a scene in a Parisian school for duelists, where gentlemen who expect to take the ''field of honor' practise to make themselves perfect shots by firing at iron dummies.
Dueling is far from a dead letter in France, and certain fiery-tempered in- dividuals think nothing of having recourse to such satisfaction. Many of them train for such encounters in the famous shooting- gallery which has been in the Renette family for many generations, and Mr. Copeland invites us to inspect it.
We enter the building, and ''discover an old-fashioned office on our right, and on the left a large treasure-room of exquisite arms which are intended for use and not for ex- hibition purposes. Straight ahead of us are glass doors. Behind them a light brightens to a steady white glow at the end of narrow galleries. At the end of these galleries you imagine that you see duelists standing. Looking more closely you realize that they are absolutely immobile. As a matter of fact, they are figures in black iron posed in the correct attitude of a man on the dueling field."" Continuing this tour:
A pistol shot breaks the silence.
A man is practising in one of the galleries.
By moving along a foyer with its desks and tables, it is possible to watch him prac- tising through the glass door of his gallery. An attendant in a gunsmith's apron is busy preparing fresh weapons for him. It may be that this gentleman who is calmly shoot- ing at the black metal antagonist twenty- five meters away is practising for a very good reason, because the duel is not entirely a thing of the past.
If you look over the attendant's shoulder you will see on the bench in front of him three little wooden bowls. In one of them are old-fashioned percussion caps, in the next orange-colored smokeless pow- der, and in the last twelve leaden spheres. These spheres are dueling bullets 40/100 of an inch in diameter, or 40 caliber.
The two dueling pistols the attendant has brought for our man to practise with are muzzle-loaders. Nearly every pistol in the Gastinne Renette gallery is a muzzle- loader. If you engaged in a duel with re- volvers or automatic pistols and metallic cartridges and killed your man, you would be tried for murder. The muzzle-loading pistolet de combat, or dueling pistol, is the only recognized firearm for dueling.
The shooter receives his pistol and pulls back the hammer to full cock, an almost imperceptible distance on a dueling pistol. He then points the weapon a few inches
ahead of the toe of his shoe as an indication that he is ready. It is interesting to learn just how a duelist should stand.
Te is interesting, too, to learn that "'doc- tors disagree' on this all-important ques- tion. Mr. Copeland outlines the divergent opinions thus in Travel:
One school of thought believes in stand-
ing sideways and buttoning the coat close in order to make as small a mark as possi-
Magazine (New York)
Is One Place Where a Set-up Is an Iron Man
y of 7
Here
ble. Moreover, this school turns up the coat collar so as to conceal light spots on which to direct an aim.
The opposite school] declares this is more dangerous than full face, for a bullet will perforate both lungs of a man standing sideways, while only one lung might be touched if he were shooting full face.
Here in the gallery our man is standing not quite full face with his right elbow touching his right hip, the pistol butt pointing to his thigh and the muzzle directed a few inches in front of the tip of his shoe; the required attitude so far as the pistol is concerned.
Suddenly the attendant, measuring his words to the count of a metronome beating 120 beats to a minute, cries in a command- ing voice: Attention--feu! Un--deux--trois!
Flash of upswinging arm! Bark of pis- tol! Ring of ball on iron dummy. And then--
In a little frame hanging beside the shooter's head in the gallery, a silver ring with a blue center electrically marks on a miniature man the exact hit on the iron antagonist twenty-five meters (about twenty-eight yards) away. It was a ''5." The sections of the body are numbered. The heart region is 5; the lungs, 4; the head, 3; the hips, 2; and the legs, 1.
As we stand there watching, 5's follow 5's with an oceasional 4 and 3. Save for the command of the attendant, who is imitating the "director" in an actual duel, andthe bright, sharp crack of nitro, it is a silent, businesslike proceeding.
OGThOBER] 62 UTToso Ming Toy's Comeback
"Tee telephone rang. It kept on ring- ing.
It jangled almost without intermission, but there was no human in the Joseph Skrentny apartment in Baltimore to an- swer it.
Only Ming Toy, the mama chow, guard- ing her six puppies.
Miss Doris Baker, in her apartment on the next floor, heard the ringing. She had no telephone, and, thinking that the eall might be for her, went down-stairs.
The Skrentny apartment was dark, re- ports a Baltimore correspondent in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch Magazine. Perhaps Miss Baker walked too close to Ming Toy and her babies. At any rate, the chow, her defensive maternal instincts aroused, leapt and snapt her teeth in a bite that was felt round the world and that necessitated hospital treatment victim.
It. was a bite that led to fame, to dis- grace, and ultimately to honor.
For a time, says The Post-Dispatch, ''the Presidential campaign, the stock market, boom, Greta Garbo's return to Sweden, and other important topies yielded precedence both on the front pages of the Baltimore newspapers and in the conversations of people who talk over the day's news. In- deed, echoes of the wrangle over Ming Toy's fate resounded from places as far away as Texas. It is doubtful if ever before so much fuss has been made about a dog."
Two days after she had bitten Miss Baker, Ming Toy met that unlucky lady's brother, Marshall, in the hall and ''nipt him for good measure.'"' Two attacks were too much for the Baker family, the St. Louis paper continues:
for its
A complaint of viciousness was lodged at a district police station. Ming's criminal career had started, but non- chalantly she continued about her domestic duties as her owner's anxiety grew more intense. Finally, Mrs. Boulding [Mrs. Skrentny's mother, who had taken out Ming Toy's license and was, therefore, re- sponsible for her] received a police sum- mons.
After hearing testimony and adopting his best judicial air, Magistrate Albert Levin sentenced Ming to death.
Ax then the commotion, the uproar, the repercussions. Baltimore, we are as- sured, was in a ferment.
The Baltimore Society for the Preven- tion of Cruelty of Animals sent an agent to the Skrentny home to investigate.
""Didn't the family know it could appeal the sentence?"
And this the family decided to do, while letters of sympathy and indignation and offers to take charge of Ming poured in. Texas, Florida, New York, Vermont, and other sections of the country were repre- sented in the Skrentnys' mail.
Ming's day in court came round, a day that rivaled in interest the crucial point
Aeruaert eT EReACRY 7 D.LGES T
Here Is Added Proof -- 83 Out of Every 100 People
SLEEP BETTER
When They Take Ovaltine Before Going To Bed
"83 out of every 100 people sleep better when they take Ovaltine."
This is the statement of an eastern univer- sity scientist. Recently he made a test with Ovaltine on 2,500 people, selected at random.
Results proved that, on the average, 83 people per 100 slept better when they took Ovaltine. Of the remaining 17 per cent, many stated that they already slept per- fectly and thus noted no improvement.
This practical test merely substantiates scientific facts about Ovaltine that have been known to thousands of doctors and scientists for years.
Ovaltine, as you may know, is a delicious food-drink that was brought to this country from Switzerland. When taken warm at night, it not only induces sleep, but also contains properties that rebuild tissues while you sleep.
This Is How It Acts
Authorities state that the three most com- mon causes of sleeplessness are: (1) Blood- congested brain cells. (2) Digestive unrest. (3) Nervous irritability. Ovaltine is so phenomenally successful because it com- bats all three.
First: When taken as a warm drink, Oval- tine tends to draw excess blood away from the brain. This combats the mental over- activity which often keeps you awake.
Second: Ovaltine contains in high propor- tion a unique food property called diastase --a' property recognized for its ability to digest the starch content of other foods regularly taken into the stomach. Thus possessing the power to lighten digestive burdens and help the stomach "'rest."'
Third: Also notable among the constitu- ents of Ovaltine are the anti-neuritic Vita- min B and calcium. And it is increasingly realized that a proper calcium metabolism is necessary to avoid nerve irritation.
Thus, a cup of Ovaltine at bedtime not only promotes relaxation and combats digestive unrest but also acts remarkably to over- come sleeplessness due to irritated nerves.
Begin Tonight
So say "goodbye" to sleepless nights. Get Ovaltine from your drug or grocery store-- and see how quickly you sleep tonight.
As you continue to take Ovaltine, note the permanent benefits it brings. Observe how quickly you fall asleep every night. Try a and see for yourself.
NOTE: Thousands of nervous people, men and women, are using Ovaltine to restore vitality when fatigued. During the World War, medical authorities made it a standard ration for invalid, nerve-shattered soldiers. It is also highly recommended by physicians for nervous, underweight children --and as a strengthening food for nursing mothers, convalescents, and the aged.
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in some sensational murder case. Judge Albert S. J. Owens's courtroom was crowded as character witnesses and veterinarians, giving expert testimony, followed each other on the witness stand. The climax came when Mrs. Boulding testified that a friend in Delaware would take Ming if the death sentence were commuted. This was a cue for Judge Owens, who said, "If you assure me that the dog will be taken to Delaware, as has been suggested, and kept there, I will sign an order to that effect. I would direct the owner of the dog imme- diately to deliver it to the gentleman from Delaware who has volunteered to take it. The removal is to be permanent, and the dog is not to be allowed to return to Baltimore." And so, we read in The Post-Dispatch:
Altho Ming's banishment was complete, there was jubilation in the court-room. An avalanche of congratulations showered about; everybody congratulated everybody else. Judge Owens was likened to Solomon, to Confucius. Enthusiasm was rampant. It was a triumph for the supporters of the temperamental Ming Toy.
Ming departed immediately for Delaware fields. Baltimore settled back to its calm existence. Hoover and Roosevelt again became topics of conversation, the ball team's position in the league again was dis- cust, the bullish tendency of the market could be talked in club lounges without in- terruption about Ming Toy. She had faded into oblivion. But not for long.
Like Napoleon returning from Elba, Ming appeared suddenly on her native soil shortly afterward. Unknown to _ her enemies, Judge Owens, informed by Ming's Delaware custodian he no longer could care for her, allowed her transfer to an Elkridge, Maryland, resident.
Ming's new custodian gave her a kennel of her own, a pen enclosed by a six-foot wire fence, about twenty feet from a barn, chiefly used as a cannery. In this building were housed twenty other dogs, pets of the person to whom Ming had been entrusted.
Des the stage was set for Ming to live down her dark past and become a heroine. One night when the owner of the estate was away and the attendant in charge was sleeping In a near-by house, Ming Toy, who was awake, saw ''a thin rain of sparks appear through the barn roof." Reading on:
Ming, ever alert, gnawed the leather of her harness, broke away, and either jumped over the corral or forced her way through the wire gate of her enclosure, barking frantically as soon as she was free. Again and again Ming dashed between the barn and the house until the sleeping attendant finally was awakened. As he reached the barn he found the chow leaping against the locked doors as flames shot skyward.
As Ming continued to bark, run, leap, and otherwise show her anxiety for her im- prisoned mates, the attendant succeeded in liberating seventeen of the dogs. Three of them perished in the fire.
Altho separated from her puppies, altho once in deep disgrace, Ming now finds peace and contentment again on Maryland soil, obviously having forgotten her heroics. And her faithful friends feel that their determined efforts to save her from execu- tion have been justified.
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The Greatest Buyer's Market in History
New products are appear- ing on the market. Old ones are being improved. Prices are changing. To- day's market offers the greatest buying oppor- tunities of all times. To help you recognize genu- ine values offered in commodities for the home, family and busi- ness, the Advertising Guide will be sent you free of charge. It is a convenient shopper's directory listing in order nationally-known products currently ad- vertised in The Digest. It gives names and ad- dresses of manufacturers, and tells you which offer interesting literature or trial samples
free copy «
THE ADVERTISING GUIDE
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and buy with knowledge and safety, When you write for samples and literature or when you shop at your local dealer please say that you are a reader of The Literary Digest. By doing so you will be sure to receive quick and considerate attention.
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Please send me a free copy of the Adver 3 (New Edition) py dvertising Guide.
OST OBE RES) Oro 32
eer ee RAG Yr.D:1-GiE-S=T
Shopping Trials of Britain's Daughters Who Try to Trade at Home
REACHEROUS hips, _ unpatriotic shoulders, felonious feet, and sub- versive pounds that pop out in the wrong places are, we hear, playing hob with the "Buy British" campaign--in England at least, if not in other parts of the Empire. Great outrage is felt 'because numerous British girls and women do not grow in the national stock sizes, large, small, or medium.
"This is taken,'' Morris Gilbert contin- ues in a London dispatch to the Baltimore Sun Magazine, ''as an unpatriotic attack on the British dress-goods business."
Female British feet are straying in these same forbidden by-paths, we learn as we pursue Mr. Gilbert's discussion.
Some of them are said to be developing insteps, a condition not contemplated in the local shoe lasts. Some feet, further- more, are discovered to have narrow heels, which is un-English.
"In the matter of underwear, conditions are equally monstrous. Some British women, it has become evident, are in revolt against British, or round-necked, under- wear. They have been seduced by what are known as silk combinations, 'cut straight across the bust, with a simple ribbon over the shoulder and reenforced where the wear is hardest.' These, it is no secret, are foreign in conception and effect and, therefore, abominable."
The dissatisfied ladies have a leader in the person of "'Miss Gertrude Kingston, actress, author, and producer of plays, who has written a subversive letter to the London Times on the subject. Her own ex- perience, she asserts, is that 'if a person has not the figure or foot of the manufacturer's pattern and ideal, it is almost impossible to buy a ready-made costume or shoe at a reasonable cost of either time or money."" And she complains further:
''My height is five feet five and one-half inches, for which the normal weight is mine, under ten stone (140 pounds); but, because I have broad shoulders and a rather short, narrow back, I can not get a ready-to-wear costume even over my head. T am then offered an out-size, euphemisti- eally called 'a matron's figure,' that has a length and width of back, a vastness of skirt and extension of arm that would fit a goodly orang-utan, both in style and in cut.
"In the boot and shoe trade I am no happier, having, unfortunately, a wide four and one-half in number, an instep, and a narrow heel. I am offered a long, narrow shoe two or three numbers larger than my own, as my instep can not be accommodated otherwise, and a wide back in which my ankle and heel slip about unless the interstice between leather and foot is filled in with every patent con- trivance to tally with the bootmaker's conception of what an English pedestrian should be fitted to wear."
Miss Kingston reaches the daring, the almost insolent, conclusion that ''the manufacturer must make up his mind to
produce what we want to buy and not to try to make us buy what he wants to manufacture."
This is followed by sentiments which ex- pose the writer to the gravest reproach. "With the exception," she writes, "'of a pro- portion of wealthy women who ean go to the best dressmakers to have their gar- ments made, English women all over the world are recognizable by their dowdiness. In Paris or New York a woman ean find designs for all shapes and sizes in which she can walk out of the shop and send her British one back to her hotel, and when she returns here after some months abroad she will still have the satisfaction that she is still one or two years ahead of the fashion."
Miss KINGSTON started something with her disquieting letter. The Times helped matters along by devoting "'half of one of its colossal leader-page columns to it. It was the Fourth Leader, to be sure, so that British readers, by long training, would recognize that the Thunderer was thunder- ing in lighter, or even jocose vein.'
The Fourth Leader waxed witty in this wise:
""We can not help suspecting either that Miss Kingston wrote in a fit of depression, or else that her standard for herself and others is extremely high."
The difference between English women and American women, the leader continues, les in the circumstance that the English woman knows that she is a lady, whatever she wears, while the American woman, being without that assurance, must dress flamboyantly well instead. French cloth- ing, The Times adds, is fluffy stuff, really unworthy of attention.
'"Kneglish women recognizable all over the world by their dowdiness?"' The Times exposulates--and proceeds:
"In the days when dress was elaborate and fussy it may have been true that French women knew how to wear their clothes better than English women; and that belief has persisted. But, now that dress is for the most part much simpler than it was, there are some who believe that the English woman is trimmer, better shod, altogether better turned out and smarter than other, perhaps more 'dressy,' women.
"True, there is dowdiness in England; and it occurs where very few American women can ever hope to understand 1t-- among great ladies who are too instinc- tively sure of themselves to care about what they look like to other people, espe- cially when they are in the country."
Tas reflections of The Times did not end the matter. The temerarious Miss King- ston had the British public riled, we learn as we continue Mr. Gilbert's account:
Loyal correspondents rallied against Miss Kingston. When the letter writers finished with her she had been stigmatized as a virtual traitor. It was also revealed that she must be physically deformed, having failed to produce for herself a truly national, or British, shape of body or foot.
Some resentment was simple and direct. J. E. Chitty, for example, demanded:
'Tf one is not ' stock size,' how can one
This Man's Wife Teaches Him To Enjoy His Pipe
Finds New Tobacco For Him When All Others Fail
Walter H. Noble is a lucky fellow. For not every man has a wife who knows what to do when his pipe goes back on him and he's at his wit's end to know what to do to get real smoking satisfaction. Let Mr. Noble tell you in his own words what happened:
19 W. 44th Street New York City Oct. 2, 1931
Larus & Bro. Co.
Richmond, Va.
Gentlemen:
For many years now I have been just an "'off and on"' pipe smoker, for I have never been able to find a tobacco that had no bite and no unpleasant aftertaste. During this time I've smoked many, many brands--some costly, some cheap. My sister even sent me an expen- sive pipe from Paris, but it was no go.
The pipe was all right, but not the tobacco. Last summer while up in the country my wife saw one of your advertisements in a magazine, and sent for the sample offered. The sample never arrived, but your letter stating that it had been mailed did. This stimulated my desire to try your tobacco, so I bought some. I want to say that I am grateful to you for bringing this fine tobacco to my attention. I really enjoy my smoke now, and my pipe has at last come into its own.
Most cordially yours, Walter H. Noble.
P.S. Never mind the sample now. Send it to some other man who may have had the same trouble I did. If he tries it I feel sure that he will be a convert.
There's a man who'll leave no stone unturned to find just the tobacco he wants! Even when his Edgeworth sample failed to arrive, he made up his mind to give this tobacco a try anyhow. And, happily, he found what he wanted. Speaking of samples, that was a thoughtful P.S. that Mr. Noble appended to his letter--just the kind of good luck one enthusiastic pipe smoker would wish another.
This letter is but one of thousands received saying that Edgeworth is the one tobacco that seems to satisfy right , down to the ground.
Your name and address, sent to Larus & Brother Co. at 102) Seed or. Richmond, Va., will bring you a generous sample packet of Edgeworth. If you get the smoking enjoyment out of it that most men do, you can be sure of finding the same fine quality in the Edgeworth you buy at any tobacco store, for Edgeworth quality is always the same.
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Listen to Edgeworth's radio program, 'The Corn Cob Pipe Club of Virginia,'' every Wednesday evening from 10 to 10.30 (E. S. T.) over a coast-to-coast net- work of the National Broadcasting Company.
36
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Vieux Carre
It is delightful to explore for yourself in New Orleans' Vieux Carre (the old French Quarter). Stroll leisurely down narrow streets, with lacy balconies overhead. You enter a quiet patio to chat with a Creole "'erandmere.'' Or rest in peaceful St. Louis Cathedral, with memories of the historic city's sorrows and joys. This is Paris-- near your home. And there's golf the year round, horse-racing, fishing, hunting. Now is the time to enjoy them all. Come! Write now or call to see us--we''ll help make every minute here enjoyable.
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expect to be fitted from stock? Miss King- ston's complaint is surprizing."
There was more iron in the retort of a British designer of dresses, who riposted that Miss Kingston's shape was alien, not indigenous.
'From experience of figures as a dress designer, and from Miss Kingston's state- ment of her height and weight, I should guess bust and hip measurements thirty-six inches and forty-one inches, respectively," she guessed.. ''With a height of five feet five and one-half inches, this is approxi- mately a Continental standard--also cus- tomary in New York on account of a large population of Continental origin; and it is not surprizing, therefore, that Miss King- ston finds it easier to fit herself with ready- made clothes in Paris and New York."
Another letter-writer advises that ''your correspondent, having an awkward figure and uncommon feet,'' ought to have her shoes made to measure and should learn to shop better for clothing; and adds that tho silk combinations ''are not an essential part of ladies' underclothing, there are plenty of extremely nice, well-fitting silk garments made in England."
A shameless minority has been found to agree with Miss Kingston. Their ranks are swelled by a colonel, writing from Dor- set, who recalls that ''a well-known firm in a well-known town displayed most of their 'out-size' models of frocks in a color which they called 'elephant gray.'"'
Football and Health
HE arguments put forward by the
college press in defense of modern football amuse The Journal of the American Medical Association (Chicago).
They remind it of the defenses of hazing, heard fifty years ago.
Hazing, in its more violent aspects, has disappeared, and the similar aspects of football must, and will, also go, the writer believes. He says:
Those who have followed the unusual discussion that has attended the exposures of the dangers of football and the fatalities of the 1931 season find amusement in the unyielding championship of the game, as it has been played, that persists in the collegi- ate world.
One undergraduate paper shrieks that "football is no sport for the soft and the yellow. It draws on nerve, determination, and common 'guts.' There is a long grind, a systematic elimination, and a final realization that 'all that glitters is not gold.' That is life. Life is going to be an un- pleasant surprize to some sheltered scholars. It is a dirty business that draws on nerve, determination, and common 'guts.''' Then follows a flamboyant appeal based on the nation's need of men who know literally how to ''give until it hurts'--not just scholars. The writer proceeds to remind the detractors about the kind of men the nation is seeking to-day: ''Fighters, who do not flinch at disagreeable work, long erinds, inereasing devotion to their ideals-- come what may. They are the kind of men who, when young, play football, follow the crew grind the year round, train hard for track, or basket-ball, or hockey. Sports played hard against disappointment, in the cold and in the rain, are putting the steel fiber in character. They are building up the physical machine by rough tempering."' remind this medical
Such outbursts
OFS TOBE Ra sot, Glee
writer of statements made by some physi- cians who urge that sickness and pain develop character in patients. Sickness, like scholarship in the colleges, thus be- comes a mere incident in the daily job. Curiously enough, the rising tide of criti- cism of collegiate football still seems to be less concerned with the sanctity of the healthy body than with the impact of the game, as now conducted, on other human
values. To quote again:
A fearless player has even boldly asserted that football is not a game; it is an activity. It is not a form of recreation in which stu-
'dents can vent their healthy animal spirits,
ete. It isso far removed from sport that the very idea of playing without complicated secret signals and plays, well rehearsed through weeks of practise, is absurd. Those boys who take football as a means of per- sonal exercise and enjoyment, when and how they will, are tragically foreign to the modern spirit of football, and they not only do not get any play out of those days they go out for practise but they also lose the benefits of the ballyhoo that falls to those who with some success do obey the letter of the coaches' law. -- : Dean Gauss of Princeton, an experienced observer of college students, has recently admitted that the undergraduate attitude toward football is changing. He regards it as significant, however, that ''nowhere in undergraduate circles is the game criticized because it is too rough. It is criticized because it has been commercialized and professionalized. The undergraduate pro- tests because he feels that football, as now conducted, so-called big-time football, does not fit into his changed perspective."
STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, ETC.
Required. by the Act of Congress of August 24, 1912, of "THE LITERARY DIGEST"
Published weekly at New York, N. Y.
State of New York County of Newevore os For October 1, 1932
Before me, a Notary Public in and for the State and county aforesaid, personally appeared Wm. Neisel, who having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is the Secretary of the Funk & Wagnalls Company, Publishers of THE LireRARY DiGEstT, and that the following is to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management (and if a daily paper, the circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publica- tion for the date shown in the above caption required by the Act of August 24, 1912, embodied in Section 411, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this form to wit:
1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers are: Publisher, Funk & Wagnalls Co., 354 4th Ave., N. Y. City. Editor, Wm. S. Woods, 354 4th Ave., New York City. Mensgine Eaton, Wm. S. Woods, 354 4th Ave., New York
ity.
Business Managers, The Board of Directors of Funk & Wagnalls Co., 354 4th Ave., New York City.
2. That the owner is: (If owned by a corporation, its name and address must be stated and also immediately thereunder the names and addresses of stockholders own- ing or holding one per cent. or more of total amount of stock. If not owned by a corporation, the name and ad- dresses of the individual owners must be given. If owned by a firm, company or other unincorporated concern, its name and address, as well as those of each individual member must be given) :
Funk & Wagnalls Co., 354 4th Ave., New York City. Cuddihy, Robert J., 354 4th Ave., New York City. Cuddihy, Emma F., 354 4th Ave., New York City. Funk, Eleanor M., 354 4th Ave., New York City. Funk, Wilfred J., 354 4th Ave., New York City. Neise), Clara L., 354 4th Ave., New York City.
3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent. or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or other securi- ties are. None.
4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the names of the owners, stockholders, and security holders, if any, contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders as they appear upon the books of the company but also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder ap- pears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corpora- tion for which such trustee is acting is given; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and secu1ity holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustee hold the stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association or py ss ee has cree interest greet or indirect in the said stock, bonds or other securities than as so stated by him. WILLIAM NEISEL, Secretary of FUNK & Waanacrs COMPANY, Sublet ane Owner.
Sworn to and subscribed before mi i September, 1932. Sie wo ey es (Seal) ROLLO CAMPBELL,
Not Public. (My commission expires March 30, 1934.) Heb oe
OCW OCERS Se tT O32 (Poll News continued from Page 9)
"Digest" Poll Scrutinized by an Expert
RE the Digest polls honest? Are they reliable? Who pays for them? What are the main criticisms and objec- _ tions, and are they well-founded?
Such a barrage of red-hot queries is timely just now, and can best be answered by a coldly impartial statistical expert who has no interest in anything but the exact truth.
So for the benefit of readers who may have forgotten it, and for the hundreds of thousands of new readers who have lately joined the big Duicresr family, it is worth while recalling a remarkable discourse on the subject delivered last May by a master mind in the field of statistics and economics.
The address in question was delivered over the air from Station WEAI, Cornell University, by Prof. Walter Francis Will- cox, who, among the many national and international distinctions of his career of research and public service, has been presi- dent of the American Statistical Associa- tion and also of the American Economic Association; chief statistician of the Twelfth United States Census, statistical expert for the War Department on censuses of Cuba and Porto Rico, and vice-president of the International Statistical Institute.
Dr. Willcox's radio address on straw polls was made soon after the conclusion of Tue Diaest's 1932 Prohibition poll, which stirred up so much excitement and was followed by so much confirmatory and momentous development in current po- litical history.
It has been suggested that we should reproduce the Professor's remarks, apropos the present lively interest in straw polls.
As reported by the Ithaca Journal-News and quoted in these columns, Dr. Willcox said, in part:
Tue Lirgrary Dicsest has conducted seven polls since 1920, one every two years. At each of the last three Presiden- tial elections it has conducted a Presidential poll; it has had one poll on tax-reduction. The other three were on Prohibition and the retention or repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment.
The results of the Presidential polls, while sometimes surprizing, were quickly checked by the nomination or election which followed, and were proved in this way to furnish a trustworthy mirror of public opinion. The Prohibition polls have had no such verification.
Mainly for that reason, but partly also because emotion and prejudice are strong elements in determining one's attitude about Prohibition, the results of these three polls have not been accepted as trustfully as the others.
My object this afternoon is to give a rea- soned and expert estimate of their value.
During their progress THE LirERARY Dicest becomes a great statistical office employing hundreds of clerks, and it has
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been a part of my business to study such offices.
To qualify as an expert another require- ment must be met. Besides knowing the general subject, one must know also the particular problem.
To do that, published statements from one side or the other are not enough; they should be supplemented by correspondence and personal contact. For two years I have exchanged letters with Tur LirEr-' ARY Diaust about its Prohibition polls, and before publishing an article on them in a statistical journal, I spent a long morning in conference with the head of that part of its work.
Teviry phase of the work was explained, and every question frankly answered, records the Professor, who then summarizes his conclusions as follows: -
1. The three Prohibition polls were honest and intelligent attempts to get at
public opinion about Prohibition and the °
repeal of the Highteenth Amendment.
2. The cost of the polls was borne by the paper as a commercial venture, because they were found to pay for themselves through the increased subscriptions and advertisements they brought in.
3. Ballots were sent to the regular mail- ing list of Tue Lirmrary Diesst, built up primarily to push its circulation, and now containing more than 20,000,000 addresses.
4. This mailing list has been taken mainly from telephone directories and lists of automobile owners. Printed lists of registered voters were used, but are not so generally available.
5. To the use of answers secured from persons on this mailing list as a measure of public opinion about Prohibition several objections have been made.
a. The list includes too many men or too few women.
b. It includes too many eity folk.
c. It includes very few of those who have no telephone or automobile, especially the great wage-earning class.
d. A smaller proportion of the drys than of the wets returned their ballots.
W HAT weight should each of these ob- jections receive? Professor Willcox asks the question and then proceeds to answer it:
a. The statement that a large majority of the ballots came from men is true. How far that is an objection depends on how far the votes of women about Prohibition differ from those of men. In 1930 twenty- five Seripps-Howard newspapers secured answers to the same questions from nearly 100,000 subscribers, two-thirds men and one-third women. The proportion of wets among men was about one-sixth greater than the proportion among women. A few weeks ago THE Lirprary DiceEst polled all the registered voters in Portland, Maine, with distinction of sex. The pro- portion of wets among men was about one- fourth greater than among women. This objection, then, has weight, but not so much as it would have if the difference between the opinions of men and women on this subject was greater.
b. Whether the list overrepresents the city folks, I have not learned, but the re- plies do overrepresent the cities. In 1930 the returned ballots mailed in cities amounted to 4.8 per cent. of the popula- tion of those cities. Those mailed outside of cities amount to only 3.1 per cent. of the country population. The proportion of wet votes from cities to all-city votes was about one-third greater than the
OCAl OBR Say aires
proportion of wet votes from the country to all-country votes.
ce. The great element of the population not reached by the Lirprary Diexst poll consists apparently of those who do not use telephones or automobiles. No special attempt was made in 1930 or 1932 to find whether the votes of this element differ from those of persons on the mailing list.
But in 1922, secret polls, using unsigned ballots, were arranged in seven large fac- tories located in five large cities. These factory polls indicated that the proportion of wets among the wage-earners was about one-fifth greater than it was in the general population of the cities containing tke factories.
teers Professor Willcox points out, the first and second objections indicate that these polls were biased in favor of the wets, the third, that they were biased in favor of the drys. And he adds:
When one remembers what a large pro- portion of the population have neither telephones nor automobiles, one might sup- pose that these objections taken together about balance.
The last objection, that the drys do not vote in as large proportion as the wets, can not be met by any analysis of the Lirzrary Dieest figures. Fortunately evidence comes from another direction. Since the Eighteenth Amendment was adopted thirty-one referenda on some question relating to the liquor laws have been held in sixteen States. The results of
_ these referenda can be compared with those
of the Lirmprary Digust polls in the same States and with allowance for differences of date. For our purposes the most important of these referenda are those held in Rhode Island and Illinois nearly two years ago, because they raised directly the question of repealing the Kighteenth Amendment.
According to the best interpretation I can make of the Lirmrary Digest polls, about four-fifths (80.5 per cent.) of the popula- tion of Rhode Island favored repeal in November, 1930. The State referendum of that month showed 78.1 per cent. Sim- ilarly I interpret the Lirrrary Diaest polls in [llinois as indicating that in No- vember, 1930, 77.4 per cent. of the popula- tion favored repeal. The State referendum of that date showed 66.1 per cent.
New York State has had only one refer- endum, that in 1926 on modifying the Vol- stead Law. I interpret the Litrrary Digest polls as indicating that 77.1 per cent. of the New York voters were then wet. The referendum showed 74.7 per cent.
Tn all three cases the Lirrrary Digest vote was slightly wetter than the referen- dum vote, but none the less the results of the two were surprizingly close. It would be tedious to repeat the comparison for other States. My general conclusion is that the results of the Diarsr polls have agreed closely with the results of State referenda wherever a comparison can be made, but are systematically a little wetter.
On other inference from the polls de- serves mention, says the Professor. The postmarks on the returned ballots show whether they were or were not mailed in a city. Hence this test:
The ballots were divided in 1930 ac- cording to their postmarks, and so the country vote was distinguished from the city vote. In New York, two years ago, 15 per cent. of the city votes and 23 per cent.
OCT OBERT 98% OF.9°3:2
of the country were for retention and en- forcement of the present law; 53 per cent. of the city votes and 46 per cent. of the country were for repeal of the Prohibition amendment, while 32 per cent. of the city votes and 31 per cent. of the country were for liberalization of the Volstead Law.
In the poll just finished, the question about modification was omitted. The evi- dence shows that practically all those who voted two years before in favor of modifica- tion have now voted for repeal. When the tabulation of city votes in the present poll is sent me, it will show, I believe, that more than three-fourths of the votes mailed in the country districts of New York were cast for repeal.
Nearly two years ago, after studying the 1930 poll, I concluded that a majority of the people in thirty-seven States, one more than are needed, would then vote for repeal. The present poll indicates that the number of repeal States has risen to forty-six, and by suppressing the ambiguous question about modifying the Volstead Law makes the evidence much stronger. It also shows that opinion has moved toward repeal much faster since 1930 than before.
Tus dean of American statisticians con- cluded his radio discourse with the fol- lowing incomparable tribute to the straw poll as an institution:
The main advantage of these LirrRary Digest polls is that they provide a means of ascertaining public opinion about a ques- tion appealing to the average voter which is cheaper and simpler than an election.
It is also better, because it separates the one question from all others.
If the repeal or amendment of the Pro- hibition amendment, for example, becomes an issue next November, that will probably result from a difference in the platforms or other declarations of the two parties.
If so, the Prohibition question will be mixed with many other issues between the parties, and the popular vote will not reveal public opinion on this single question. T hope, therefore, that the method of testing public opinion by straw votes will grow in favor. If it does, perhaps it will be taken over by the Government.
If the Washington authorities, for ex- ample, had lists of the voters in the country and sent a ballot to every tenth name, asking for the receiver's opinion on some public question of real interest to him, any statistician, I am sure, would agree with me that the results would furnish almost as clear a picture of public opinion as if every voter had been consulted.
An election is a statistical process. As some one has said, "'It is counting heads so that we may not have to break them." In other statistics we are using these sam- pling methods more and more; why not use them also in our political life?
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INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE Must Farm Mortgages Be Slashed?
ROM independence into peonage! Mortgages are driving the American farmer, once looked upon as the backbone of the nation, into this catastrophe, asserts William Edgar Borah, United States Sena- tor from Idaho.
No moratorium can save the farm, no subsidy from the Federal Government will help solve this most complex of national problems, Senator Borah tells Ray Tucker of the Secripps-Howard newspapers. The
The amount of rent has been reduced substantially, averaging only $79 for the last year, against $167 in 1928.
The tax burden, however, remained rigid, totaling $78.
Interest charges, reflecting the amortiza- tion of mortgages to the extent of $400,- 000,000 and other indebtedness in still greater volume, were reduced to approxi- mately $105 from $122 four years ago.
The balance of $214 was available during the last year for the purchase of groceries, clothing, and other necessities.
i Q BS > = S Q = pie
50 ae 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 192
From the New York Zimes
PRICE TREND OF WHAT THE FARMER SELLS porn rs
at a Ree
50 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932
One Reason the Farmer Cannot Meet His Mortgage
one and only solution, as Mr. Borah sees it, is ''voluntary revision downward" of the farmers' $9,500,000,000 debt. This is com- parable to his own proposal for scaling down EKurope's war obligations. Except, comment agricultural experts, the farmers' debt is the more devastating.
No domestic allotment plan, no action by State legislatures, insists Senator Borah, would be enough to settle those farm mort- gages. They have to be slashed and pared down right away. As quoted by Ray Tucker:
"The initiative must come from the great insurance and mortgage companies, which have made these loans. This may seem difficult of accomplishment. It may not seem ideal. But such things are done with respect to corporate indebtedness. To my mind, the situation is so serious and the future of the country so involved, that it should and ean be accomplished."
A crxas by this proposal, the New York World-Telegram's financial writer, W. Ian Mack, undertakes a survey of the financial plight of America's 6,271,000 farmers, with a capital investment approximating 45 billion dollars. Mr. Mack reports:
Reduced to a per capita basis, the aver- age farmer last season had a gross income of $1,069, compared with $1,997 in 1928.
His food bill, covering products which he produced, declined to $174 from $411.
Operating costs, reflecting economies, and reduced prices for feed and essential articles, dropt to $309 from $601. The cost of labor receded to $115 from $195.
Agreeing with Senator Borah that the farm mortgage is driving the American farmer, ''always considered the backbone of the nation," into tenancy, peasantry, and peonage, Bernhard Ostrolenk, writing in the New York Times, points out that mort- gage revision is already being made:
Of the $9,500,000,000 of farm mortgages in the United States, $2,000,000,000 worth is held by insurance companies, nearly $2,000,000,000 worth by commercial banks and mortgage companies; $1,800,000,000 worth by Federal Land Banks and the Joint Stock Land Banks; and another $1,000,000,000 worth by retired farmers. These four groups together hold 70 per cent. of all farm mortgages.
It is they who, willy-nilly, will continue to displace the active farmers as the owners of the soil unless prosperity can be restored to agriculture.
The farmer's road to tenancy is via the farm mortgage. If he can not pay his funded debts, he loses his equity and his farm.
Yet the average farmer is reluctant to surrender his status of independent farm owner even under such conditions. Tho he becomes progressively poorer, he clings to the land as long as he ean.
And just as he is unwilling to relinquish his farm, so the mortgage holders become unwilling owners. They bought the mort- gages to receive interest, not to go into farming directly or indirectly. In fact, the transfer from mortgage holders to farm owners is involving them in heavy losses. The insurance company that will collect $265 from Ole Swanson will have to pay the taxes of $300 on the farm it has taken over from him, and, of course, will receive
OCHO. Rass sos 2
nothing for its $10,000 mortgage invest- ment.
The farm creditors, therefore, are resist- ing the trend that would make them farm owners. They are extending moratoriums, writing down mortgages, accepting chattel mortgages in lieu of interest, and by every reasonable device assisting the farmer over what they hope is a temporary diffi- culty.
But the creditors, like the farmers, can not escape the devastating consequences of the new low price-levels. Whereas in 1926 there were 21.6 forced sales per thousand : sales, in 1931 the number increased to 36.1.
And when the interest-delinquent farm- ers are compelled to relinquish ownership, who is there to buy the land? In almost 100 per cent. of the cases it must be taken over by the mortgagees, most of them absentee corporations.
How this financial plight of the American farmer affects every other American citizen, Mr. Ostrolenk seeks to show with concrete facts and figures:
The farm situation has ceased to be the
exclusive concern of the farmer. It has disturbed the nation. _ The farmer's purchasing power, at one time representing $16,000,000,000, has shrunk to less than $5,000,000,000 in 1932. A market for $11,000,000,000 in goods has disappeared.
The loss is more than twice our total ex- ports at their peak, and is equal to one- fourth of our total retail sales,
Helping the farmer has now become an important item in the economie rehabilita- tion of the nation.
Nationalism as the Curse of Trade
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"'Buy German Goods," say posters and advertisements throughout Germany. ''We spend many millions daily on foreign goods; there is plenty of good German merchandise available. When you buy German goods, you are giving your neigh- bor work and bread."
In Hungary the ery is: ''Hungarian goods for Hungarian money."
India has a "Buy Native'? movement.
In France, the slogan that appears everywhere reads: ''Invest in France."
These movements, springing up every- where all over the world, instead of curing our financial trouble, are all helping to make it worse, says Mr. Herschel Deutsch in Advertising and Selling (New York). That is--
Instead of striving to establish a freer movement of goods and build the stronger internationalism forecast by modern com- munication facilities and financial opera- tions, these countries, under the influence of a wave of the most intense sort of reac- tionary nationalism, are going to great lengths to discourage trade with other countries.
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being played up by the political powers in each country."
And the nationalist propaganda is being backed up by tariffs and embargoes which restrict the very entrance of goods into a country and decrease their desirability by raising prices once they are in. '"'New tariff walls are being erected daily."
Then there are limitations restricting imports regardless of tariff rates. There are blanket embargoes, ''in Jugo-Slavia, for example, the importation of any goods, which can be produced in the country has been prohibited."
And then on the other hand the number of countries put on subsidies to encourage
exports. So--
If all these contradictory measures are to achieve their ends--tariffs and em- bargoes on the one hand and export bounties and subsidies on the other--we would seem to be approaching an absurd situation in which everybody will push goods on everybody else, and nobody will buy.
(tes then, is the situation facing the
civilized world, as described by Mr.
Deutsch:
Waves of propaganda piling up a spirit of insularity, of national hyperconscious- ness, of antagonism toward neighbor nations, and tariffs, embargoes and ex- change restrictions backing up in practical form this buy-at-home advertising barrage.
And down the muddy road, already dimly visible to far-sighted observers, deeper, blacker depression and desperate war.
Build up nationalism and hold down world trade, and the inevitable conse- quences are aggression (or defense) for economic reasons, and increased poverty and unemployment,
Well, then, '' it?"
The writer sees no hope from the poli- ticians who are busily making things worse, and he suggests an international conference of business men who, being ''interested only in improving international trade relations, could make deals and agreements untainted by political expedience nationalistic fervor."
what is to be done about
or
Elen most important thing would be to deal with tariff problems intelligently and to put tariff rates on a stable basis. For the instability of tariff rates is just as bad as their height. ''At the present time there is a major change of some kind taking place on the average every six weeks."
"The depressing nationalist propa- ganda,' is secondary in importance to the tariff.
For one thing it is fighting against the modern tendency toward world unity. For another, '"'no country, no matter how rich in natural resources and skilled labor, can be entirely self-sufficient to-day."' As Mr. Deutsch points out:
For a country to turn its back on eco- nomic internationalism in favor of -eyen
OGT O BE R289 Shae
partial insulation must mean, inevitably, a decline in the standard of living.
Mass production, made possible by a world market, means lower prices, and brings within the reach of every one things which would otherwise be luxuries available only to the rich.
To the German workman of a century, ago white bread was an epicurean treat. To-day Argentine, Russian, and American wheat have made it part of his every-day life.
Self-improvement does not follow far behind self-preservation among the funda- mental impulses of man, and while the long downtrodden Russian who has never known them may not miss the various little improvements of the last decade or two, it is hard to imagine the rest of the world voluntarily eliminating them from their lives.
Bor after all, these are very dim rays of hope--
The situation is still very grave indeed. There are no signs of any let-up in the nationalistic movements. If anything, they seem to grow stronger as slackened business causes greater economic stress and desperate manufacturers seek to hold on, through ''protective" tariffs and "Buy at. Home"' pleas, to what little domestic busi- ness there is.
And the final argument is that the first step toward the necessary international conference of business men must be organ- ized by the United States:
We are the logical ones to break this jam, not only because we have such large poten- tial interests in foreign markets, but be- cause we are more nearly free from jealous- ies and mistrusts of our world neighbors than any other nation, and are best able to -- set the example of open brotherhood.
These New Quarter-Dollars
IX million new quarters are relatively small pickings.
In 1917 and again in 1920, the Govern- ment minted more than thirty-six million.
However, the new quarter-dollars put in circulation the other day are expected to meet current needs, and they commemo- rate the bicentennial of George Wash- ington.
Collectors take notice! These are not coins to treasure, for the act of March 4, 1931, sets no limit for their minting, and they are expected in course of time to replace the quarter-dollars in circulation now.
Dipping into statistics, the New York Times informs us that--
The total amount of subsidiary silver coinage reported by the Treasury as out- standing at the close of the fiscal year 1931 was $308,600,000. Of this about $5,700,000 was held by the Treasury itself, and about $29,800,000 by the Federal Reserve Banks or their agents, leaving $273,100,000 in cir- culation.
In the average man's pocket, or in the modest tin box in which he keeps«small silver, is $2.20 in half-dollars, quarters, and dimes.
PrerhOBbeR =o. "t 98:2
Uecree tT ERA YS, DiiGE ST
CurRRENT PoEtTrRyY
UNSOLICITED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DEPARTMENT CAN NOT BE RETURNED. UNPUBLISHED POETRY UNAVAILABLE
BA cen is a portrait, in a few strokes, but what masterly ones! From The London Mercury:
MAISIE AND THE BROKEN MAN
By Marearet L. Woops (Monte Carlo)
Why did you write to me? You meant it well, Thought in your kindness, someone ought to tell That wretched man she never would let go,
If others did. But I don't want to know; I do not want to know Maisie is dead.
It might be happier for her so, you said, Because Time had just touched her with his cold Hand, and you couldn't picture Maisie old.
And I cannot picture Maisie dead.
T'll drive your letter clean out of my head To-night at the Casino--stake and stake
High, higher, till perhaps the Bank will break. - Something to tell her! Then perhaps I'd write That sparkling, tireless fountain of delight,
That vital thing--! A magnum of champagne Will wash the poisonous thought out of my brain
One may hang on to Life by such a thread,
By such a little life-belt keep one's head
Above the drowning waves. What if I lost
The possibility that any post
Might bring me that small, sunshine-coloured square
Addressed to me in Maisie's hand? A rare
Event enough, but then, her letters breed,
Make more to hope for, dream about, than read.
You know she's so incalculable--might come
At any moment on her way to Rome,
Run over from Geneva. She arrived
Like that--My God! It might have been con- trived
By a special angel, for that night by chance
Some good chap had persuaded me to dance
And, clean and sober, shaved and dressed with care,
I heard, pausing incredulous on the stair,
J heard a voice I should know anywhere--
O marvel!--Maisie's voice, fluting my name.
It could have been an everlasting shame
To recollect the hour when Maisie came.
It was her angel would not let her see
The ugly thing a broken man may be;
Although the generous creature is so brave
She'd catch a cobra by the neck to save
A dog, or even miserable me.
There are long months when Maisie's sure to be
In London. Curious how she loves that foul
Inferno, where a million devils howl,
Hunting each other with their fiery eyes.
She would be better under bluer skies.
Then how I spend my time's my own affair.
But when the heavy trains with lengthening flare
Thunder on each other's heels through sleeping France,
I wait once more on that fantastic chance.
When she goes anywhere it's suddenly.
I've watched the luggage for hotels go by
And seen initials on the sort of case
She carries--and gone home at such a pace!
Because one must look like a gentleman
When Maisie comes--have money if one can.
When I was listening to the band one day
I saw a woman's head four rows away
Wreathed with great plaits such as she used to wear.
Titian might paint but none describe her hair.
And I imagined, knowing it was not true,
That when the music paused those turquoise-blue
Eyes, that have earned such praise they need not mine,
Sweet, sparkling eyes, would turn on me to shine
And shed the consolation of their light.
She wrote she was preparing to take flight
From fogs and bores. She's done it, tricksy sprite!
When she gets here the stories she will tell
Would make God laugh in Heaven, and men in Hell.
They'll drive this haunting nightmare from my head,
This dreadful voice telling me--Maisie's dead.
A SYMPATHETIC view of the early fathers and mothers, not so common in these days. From the Hartford Courant:
OLD BURYING GROUND
By Erne, Austin
Between these emerald vales and rounded hills, There is an old neglected Burying Ground,
The orange lily the sole flower that spills
Its petals there. One summer day I found
My way among the time-worn, tilted stones, And read on one, which marked a woman's grave, The old name, 'Thankful,'' stand above her
bones, A touching echo from those settlers brave.
Think of the hardships which the pioneers
Waked with and slept with; Loneliness and Toil
They ate with, face to face, and Fears and Tears
Walked with them on that untilled, stony soil;
But still, some gentle mother in that wild
And thankless time, named '' Thankful'' her sweet child.
SS
Tus authorship of this poem reassures us that here is no personal confession. It chances to be written by a member of the class of 733. From The Husk (Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Ia.):
AN OLD MAN CHUCKLES By Marcaret CHAMBERLIN
A strangely secret joy takes hold of me
Each time I see a mourning crepe hang black Upon the doors of old-time friends of mine
Who spoke of me in whispers, veiled and low, When I was but a boy, and they were grown. "That child will never live to be a man;
He'll never even cut his second teeth."'
I often heard them talk among themselves
Like that, and Mother heard them too, because At night she'd let a tear drop down upon
My little bed when she had tucked me in.
Now Mother's gone, and Father's ninety-three; I'm almost sixty-four, but still can do
A full day's work as well as other men
Can do it in their prime. My prophet friends Were gouted invalids when they were less
My age by ten good years. I cannot help
But smile each time I'm asked to be
One of the team of six that helps to bear
Their coffins to their places on Pine Hill.
plans might be sung at one's bedside, and be balm for restless souls. From The Churchman (New York):
LIFE'S SILENT TRYST By ARTHUR BARDWELL PATTEN Come, kindly Night, When kindling day is done, Waft care and fret To sleep's oblivion.
May problems wait, And reason's court adjourn, Let thought retire, Ambition cease to yearn.
Lead, peaceful Night To healing land of Nod.
To pastures green, Beyond the ways men plod.
May eager tides Be lost in waters still, And brooding calm Beguile the hectic will.
Hail friendly Night, Life's truce of unconcern,
Bid passions rest, Regrets refuse to burn.
Come, tryst of God, Restore the silent soul,
To greet the dawn, With spirit cleansed and whole.
43
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__---- -------------- ----<--<---- ll eee ee TR ea
THE SPICE OF LIFE
Try the Haitches.--'''E's so keen on gardening that 'e bought a 'cyclopedia about it, an' I caught 'im lookin' all through the o's to see 'ow to grow 'ops."-- Humorist.
Birth of a Beautiful Depression.-- Jonrs--'' Well, how are you getting on in your new eight-roomed house?"
Smitp--'Oh, not so badly. We fur- nished one of the bedrooms by collecting soap coupons."
Jones--'Didn't you furnish the other seven rooms?"
Smiru--'' We can't. They're full of soap."'---Montreal Star.
Got the Works.--RaLPpu-- "Before Amos was married he. - said he would be the boss or know the reason why."
CuEsteR--' And now?"
Ratpo--''He knows the reason why.''--Lindsay Post.
Give Her an_ Ice-Cube Necklace. -- Biinxs -- '' That little cutie surethinksshe's hot."
Jinxs--''Yes, and if she were half as hot as she thinks she looks she'd have to wear a cooling system.'' -- Cincinnate Enquirer.
Perpetual Motion at Last. --Rafferty bored ten feet into a mining claim, and then aban-. doned it.. Another took it up, and at eleven feet struck gold. When Rafferty heard the news, he exclaimed:
"Tll_ never leave another claim until I've gone a foot further!''--Chicago News.
=>
Made a Noise Like Mutton.--Tunr Gir~t--'''So you've seen Daddy, darling? Did he behave like a lamb?"'
Surror (grimly)--''Absolutely! Every time I spoke he said 'Bah!'''--Humorist (London.)
U Old T's!--
Oh, woman, in your hours of K's,
You spend an awful lot of V's. Poor man must mind his P's and Q's
To earn the X's that you U's. --Boston Transcript.
Let Him Burgle!--" Henry," whispered his wife. ''I'm convinced there's a burglar down-stairs."
'Well, my dear,'' replied her husband, drowsily, "'I hope you don't expect me to have the courage of your convictions.''-- Washington Star.
?
Friend in Need.--An old Shakespearian actor was engaged at a music-hall to give tragic readings from Shakespeare. His reception was anything but complimentary.
When he came off the stage, he was ap- proached by a kindly Cockney comedian who had been watching his performance from the wings.
"Don't take any notice of 'em,"' he said
sympathetically. 'I've been watching your turn, and I think you're darned funny!'--Humour (Australia).
44
(TITLE REGISTERED IN U. S, PATENT OFFICE)
Cupid Wiped Out.--Frirmenp--" You will soon forget her and be happy again."
JripteEp Lover--''Oh, no, I shan't. I've bought too much for her on the in- stalment system!'"--Hn Rolig Half Tumma (Gothenborg).
Rubbing It In.--Proup MortTner--
"Now Herbert has lost his job, he'll be able to practise his saxophone all day." Visiror (from flat above)--''We never realize how bad the depression is until it is brought home to us.''--Passing Show.
ss SSS SS
"Quick, Harold! Which do you think it will li strawberry jam or a banana?"' --"The Humorist''? (London).
The O's Have It.--
I'd like to know
Why O and O
In latter times are so essential They must appear
Election year
In every prospect Presidential.
When Coolidge rose
On double O's
It didn't mean a thing to us;
We didn't know
How owe and owe,
In Hoover's time, would cling to us.
Tf all our woes
Are due to O's
There's no escaping them this inning-- His rankest foes felt
They must name Roosevelt--
There was no other chance of winning.
And so it goes:
The O's and O's
Prevail, and prophets all grow wary. None can predict Who will be picked Not even Tur Digest Lirerary.
If Fate's maneuver
Shall send us Hoover,
Or Roosevelt find it easy going;
We only know
This will be so:
We'll still be owing, still be owing. --KFolus in the Chicago Daily Tribune.
Slips That Pass in the Night
Maybe Three-and-a-Half.-- Post-Evection Riots In GERMANY BRING Aumost Four More Deatus In Day --Head-lines in New Haven Journal-Courter.
Worth Trying.-- STUDENT BETTER AFTER SHOOTING --Mobile Register.
Lost the Recipe?--Dr. Daniel Crosby, noted health authority, who was to speak on '* How to Keep Well,'' could not appear be- cause of illness. -- Alameda (Calif.) Times-Star.
Bees or Butterflies?--The front rooms of the home were attractively decorated with large baskets of flowers in which the guests gathered.-- Ashland (Ky.) Daily Inde- pendent. :
_ Spread of Speed Madness.-- Wood meanwhile reduced his' speed and finished the heat without opposition at an aver- age speed of 69,036 miles an hour.--New York Evening Post..
Worse and Worse.--Wood, meanwhile, stepped up his speed in the fourth lap, over- took the British challenger in the fifth and final lap and won throttled down to 73,357 miles an hour.--Boston Globe.
Where Will It End?--Cleve- land Airport.--Maj. James H. Doolittle set a new world speed mark of 292,801 miles an hour over the three-kilometer course.--Hartford Times.
Beloved at Both Ends.-- The Popular Rifle for Auto Campers, Trappers, and Small Game. --Ad in a catalog.
If Winter Comes.--Few families listed as worthy of community support have less than 100 cans of fruit and vegetables stored in their panties--Grand Island (Neb.) Daily Independent.
Squeezing out the Water.--With the drip in bonds and stocks, many insur- ance companies suffered losses, but nothing compared to the private citizen's holdings. --Underwriter's Review.
Any Tootsie Buds?--The long lace- trimmed sleeves end in points over the hands of the bride. Her veil will be of lace and she will carry a bouquet of white slippers.--Sacramento (Calif.) Union.
Educational Problem.-- Overcrowd in gin High Schools, but 3,000 Extra Seats in Entire City \"s --Boston Evening Transcript.
Citlyl \AME S the al d power
of GASOLINE
NIMAL TRAINERS say the black leopard is one beast that cannot be tamed. Engineers used to say the same thing about gasoline before Ethyl fluid was developed. Ethyl takes the wasteful '"'wildness" out of gasoline-- stops the uneven explosions that cause harmful knock, overheating and loss of power. It makes such an improve- ment in the way gasoline powers any motor that Ethyl has become the biggest selling brand of motor fuel in the country--and car manufacturers now offer high compres- sion engines requiring Ethyl Gasoline to develop the greater power for which they are designed. See the difference Ethyl makes in the photographs of com- bustion at the left. Put Ethyl Gasoline in your car, and you will feel this difference. Stop at the Ethyl pump today. Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, New York City.
Rack @> Swi
LEFT: Throughaquartzwindow in the cylinder head of a modern high compression motor, engi- neers took high-speed photo- graphs of the actual combustion inside. The picture at the left shows the uneven, wasteful explosion of ordinary gasoline.
RIGHT: Now Ethyl Gasoline is in the same engine. Note the even burning, the greater spread of power. Ethyl controls com- bustion; delivers power to the piston with a smoothly increas- ing pressure that brings out the best performance of any motor.
yo y
=] wef edn eal 5 GOOD GASOLINE FLUIp Mmm GAs
Ethyl fluid contains lead ©8.G.C. 1932
Buy ETHYL GASOLINE
Copr., 1932, The American Tobacco Co.
"Nature in the Raw'? --after the great French artist Lu- -minais ... inspired
--and raw tobaccos have no place in cigarettes
They are ot present in Luckies ... the mildest cigarette you ever smoked
E buy the finest, the very finest
tobaccos in all the world-- but that does not explain why folks everywhere regard Lucky Strike as the mildest cigarette. The fact is, we never overlook the truth that "Nature in the Raw is Seldom Mild"--so these
fine tobaccos, after proper aging and mellowing, are then given the benefit of that Lucky Strike purifying process, described by the words--"'It's toasted''. That's why folks in every city, townand hamlet say that Luckies are such mild cigarettes.
"It's toasted"
That package of mild Luckies
"Ifa man write a better book, preach a better sermon, or make a better mouse-trap than his neighbor, tho he build his house in the woods, the world will make a beaten path to his door.''---RALPH WALDO EMERSON. Does not this explain the world-wide acceptance and approval of Lucky Strike ?