114, No. 11 je No. 2212 | September 10, 1932 Price 10 Cents ral Art Galleries, New York SETTERS--By Percival L. Rosseau cred ee e EAR, SR RRS TR The Emporium, San Francisco's world-famous department store, dressed up its Sports Wear Department with a modern floor of Armstrong's Linoleum, hand-tailored from plain shades of orange, beige, eggplant, blue, and jade. SAN FRANCISCO'S GREAT Emporium PUTS FLOOR STYLE ON THE SALES FORCE '(We didn't worry about where business had gone... We dressed up to welcome it back! '' HERE are the shoppers \ these days? A great many of them are in the dressed-up stores like San Francisco's world-famous Emporium! And there's still some money in the family pocketbook. But you can't blame folks for being a bit "choosy" these days. They can--and do--shop where they /zke to shop. Why not make them like your place of business? Begin, as so many other businesses large and small) have begun. . . with the floor. An up-to-the-minute floor of Armstrong's Linoleum will win any shopper's eye, and go far toward opening her purse. Armstrong Floors have beauty a-plenty. Better still, they keep this beauty---without fussy treat- ments, and in spite of constant street-floor traffic. They are easy underfoot, too--a welcome com- fort to shoppers and clerks alike. Something quite new in Armstrong's Linoleum, Handmade Inlaid Embossed No. 6282, now showing at local stores. Practical, too, for business or home floors. It doesn't casily show tracked-in dirt, Scores of American business leaders know the Armstrong dressing-up story. And we've put it all in a booklet for you. "Pxb- lic Floors of Enduring Beauty'' will show you--in full color-- how others are transforming their places of business. Free! (25¢ in Canada.) Address Armstrong Cork Company, Floor Division, 960 Race Avenue, Lancas- ter, Pa. (Makers of cork products since 1860.) 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Buy Coca-Cola in bottles at food dealers to serve at home | t 'popping those~ ballots The Literary Digest NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 1932 TOPICS OF THE DAY Don't Miss Your Ballot in the Presidential Poll T MAY REACH YOU THIS WEEK--next week--by any mail-delivery on any week-day. If you overlook it--if you. short-sightedly treat it as some trivial circular--you'll lose a lot of fun, as well as the serious satisfaction of saying your say in a oe prophetic ex- pression of the national will. Ballots, ballots, ballots--fresh from the printing-press, done up in great packages, they' re beginning to pour in to THE Lirerary Dicest's Presidential poll headquarters, some days a million and -some a million-and-a-half. And almost as fast as they pour in, THE DigEst's dexterous poll workers, sitting round long tables in row after row, begin VOTE THIS Secret Baliot FOR PRESIDENT TO VOTE: Puta Cross (X)in the Squa CANDIDATES FOR PRESID into addrest envelops. In due time, 'the batteries of stamping machines begin to do their stuff. "'Cricketty- eracketty, cricketty- eracketty,'' they sing all day long, each of them stamping the loaded envelops at the rate of five a second. It takes three oper- ators to wait on one stamping-machine. One feeds it with an endlessly replenished JACOB S. COX W. Z. FOSTER HERBERT HOOVER -eolumn of the addrest letters which are prest against the receiving mechanism, at the right of the machine as you face it. '"'Cricketty-cracketty, cricketty-cracketty''--the hungry ma- chine gobbles the letters and you see them flit across the face of the machine behind a glass window, too fast to count. And on the left they come pushing out, stamped for the mail, in an end- less column which keeps the second operator busy receiving and removing them for the next stage of the ballot pilgrimage to the homes and offices of mer and women in forty-eight States. 'Tuas third operator's duties are largely technical and connected with the functioning of the machine, and perhaps its health, spirits and appetite. After the letters are stamped, the battalion of postal-clerks sort them into mail-bags, according to their destinations, the mail-bags are sealed, and almost before you could say 'Jack Robinson," great motor-trucks are speeding with them to the railroad terminals, whence they are carried out to the cities, towns, villages, and farms--yea, unto the remotest ends of this broad land. No Signature-No Condition-No Obligation ;. Just Mark Your Choice--Mail At Once a oo Put a[x]in Square Before Political Party YouVoted = z At Last Presidential Election ie This & to show drift from ene iS oO Democratic Betore Name of Candidate You Prefer WHO HAVE BEEN OFFICIALLY NOMINATED am Arranged Alphabetically) VERNE L. REYNOLDS FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT NORMAN THOMAS To assist in tabulation by States, please write the name of your State here: What the Ballot Looks Like The real one is larger than this and is printed in red and black. Remember that the above is not a ballot. This tremendous pulsation of ballots coming in from the printers and going out to the people--lke the systole and diastole of a mighty heart pumping life-blood through the cireula- tory system--began to work soon after Tur Diaest's last issue, with its HT) of the 20,000,000-ballot Presidential poll, went to press. Now it is gathering headway each day. Within, a short time the first millions of the coming blizzard of ballots will be mounting in the Far West and elsewhere, and soon the whole country will be blanketed with these magical cards, each of which repre- sents: a potential vote in the great poll. As the poll machinery warms up to its racing ~ speed, the circulation of ballots will penetrate all the postal arteries and veins of the United States, down to many of the tiniest capillaries of R. F. D. routes. All signs and _ por- tents, meanwhile, seem to promise the liveliest of Presidential cam- paigns and of Diaxrst party to another Thane other Party, write here WILLIAM D. UPSHAW TEAR CARDS APART AND MAIL S polls. The prophets agree on that one point--and on prac- tically nothing else. One of the afore- said signs and portents is a hair-trigger public interest in Tue Diacest's preparations to launch another of its series of nation-wide Presidential straw votes, as announced in our last issue. Both before and after that announcement the edge of the public mind was shown in a variety of ways--letters, tele- grams, telephoned inquiries, newspaper editorial speculations and inquiries in correspondence forums. It is clear that greater importance than usual is attached to the prospect of obtaining an early and reliable forecast of the November election. One might paraphrase an old story about the Duke of Welling- ton. "Ts Tun Lirerary Dicest taking a poll?" "Tt is, General.' "Then let the campaign go on!" Low us all watch for our ballots, in case our names are on Tun Dicxst's polling list. It's easy to recognize the envelop. The fact that it contains your Diasst ballot is emblazoned in red and black lettering on the left-hand side of the envelop, which is directed to you personally with pen and ink. Jue LiteERARY DIGEsT is publishe d weekly by Funk & Wagnalls Company, WILFRED J. FuNK, Pre ey lg RoBeErt J. Cuppiny, Vice-President and Treasurer; WILLIAM NEISEL, Secre- Y. London Office, 14 Salisbury Square. Printed in the U. .' Entered as second-class matter, March 24, 1890, at the Post-Office at New Be te ial Mee 134879. Additional Entry at Chicago, [ll., and Columbus, O. fice red as second-class matter at the Post-Office Department, Ottawa, Canada. TABLE OF CONTENTS ON PAGE 39 York, N. Y., under the act of Marc lan . bunk, ballyhoo, and political _ President, Cabinet members, the heads of the Federal Re- 'serve Board, Reconstruction THE GRPE RAR DIGEST SEPTEMBER S035 er A "United Front" Against Depression IGHTING PHRASES, military figures of speech, spring irresistibly to the minds of those reflecting on the recent economic conference at Washington. President Hoover started it when he said that in the war against depression we have just won our "battle of Chateau- Thierry," and that we must go on with the fighting and "'now reform our forces for the battle of Soissons." A council of war, a mobilization, a united front, a major offensive, such words are used to characterize the meeting of more than two hundred leaders in American business and fi- ON [S ee | nance with the heads of the 2s Swarr vine THe Government's relief and re- } D0 -START ~~ construction bodies. Of course, not everybody is deeply imprest, as is evident from the Baltimore Evening Sun's (Ind.) ironic reference to President Hoover's speech before ''his new panel of hon- rapidly as possible the proper functioning of our economic machinery, not only so that the savings of our people, whether in banks, in insurance companies, or legitimate securities can be protected, but, more important than all, so production and consumption may again be restored to such activity as will enable the unemployed to be put to work, and to permit those in need again to meet their needs with self-respect." If these committees succeed in any measure, they will render a great service to business, and, continued Mr. Young-- "Not only to business, because that is secondary, but to men and women who need food and shelter, and, most of all, who need to retain their own self-confidence and self- respect. And, indeed, not only their self-confidence and self- respect, but what is even more important than all, to enable them and us to retain the con- fidence of the children who are coming on. A father's job lost does more than humiliate the parent. It does more than weaken the respect of the orary pallbearers," and the suggestions from some Demo- cratic sources that it is all propaganda. child. It threatens that stabil- ity, and so that opportunity for the future which is the basis of our hopes and the impulse for our accomplishments." But the correspondents (Cannes ForT of the Fed- found a distinctly impressive eral Home Loan Board made gathering in the Capital on August 26. There was the Finance Corporation, and Home Loan Board. Owen D. Young was present as one of the twelve chairmen of the business and industrial com- mittees that have been set up in the respective Federal Re- serve districts to bring bankers and business men into closer accord. The President, in his address, declared his conviction '' that we have overcome the major financial crisis.' He retold the story of the depression, arguing that its long continuance here has been largely due to shocks from abroad. He pointed out that while we '"'see growing improvement in the financial sector, we must continue the battle upon the industrial and agricultural fronts."'" Two things that he emphasized were the need of better distribution of credit and the desirability of spreading out available work to reduce unemployment. Copyright, 1932, by the Chicago Tribune Sacnmrdny MILLS outlined the specific program that the mem- bers of the conference had been talking over. He emphasized the fact that ''we are not setting up an economic council to endeavor to direct the economic policies of the country." He explained that it was simply a matter of coordinating existing private and public agencies. Of the other addresses those that won the most attention throughout the country were those of Owen D. Young and Franklin W. Fort. The former came closer than any other speaker, says the Washington Hvening Star, to a concise de- scription of the final objective. The committees in the Reserve district, he said-- "Have one object and only one, and that is to restore as Something to Anticipate --Orr in the Chicago "Tribune." 15. an announcement ''to millions of worthy citizens who are on the point of losing all their possessions through no fault of their own, which will seem like a stay to a condemned man," says the Washington News. He pointed out that the Home Loan Board, which is to make more money available for lend- ing on homes, will not be really doing business through its twelve banks before October But home owners facing foreclosure can not wait. So Chairman Fort told his hearers: '"'I am very happy to be able to say that upon our request Controller Pole, yesterday, in- stantly agreed to order every national bank receiver to suspend foreclosure proceedings for sixty days." Mr. Fort is receiving similar assurances from State banking authorities, and hopes ''that other lenders do likewise." The actual machinery set up by the Washington parley consists first of a central committee with headquarters in Wash- ington, which will act as a general coordinating body, and which will be headed by Henry M. Robinson, President Hoover's friend and Los Angeles banker. And then there are six sub- committees which will work out the constructive program of the conference. According to a Washington dispatch of the New York Times, these committees were appointed as follows: PUBLIC NEEDS "1. The problem of making available credit affirmatively useful to business--Chairman, Mr. Young. "2. Increased employment on railroads and stimulation of industry through expansion or maintenance of equipment and purchase of new equipment in cooperation with the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Reconstruction Finance Cor- poration--Committee, Daniel Willard, president of the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad, and George H. Houston, president of the Baldwin Locomotive Works. "3. Expansion of capital expenditures by industry in the way S EPs Te EANEB-ER) 2.0.2 31191312 aE TSEYROACRTY4 "DILG E-SiT 5 "A Chicken for Every Pot' --Page in the Louisville 'Courier-Journal.' One Machine That Isn't Idle --Cowan in the Boston "Transcript." OPPOSING IMPRESSIONS OF HOOVER ACTIVITIES of replacement of obsolete and worn-out equipment and other- wise--Chairman, Mr. Robertson. "4. Increased employment through the sharing-work move- ment--Chairman, Walter C. Teagle, president of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. "5. Stimulation of repair and improvement of homes move- ment--Committee, Sewell L. Avery, president of Montgomery Ward and Company, and C. M. Woolley, chairman of the American Radiator Corporation. "6. Organization of committees in the several districts to assist home-owners with maturing mortgages--Chairman, Mr. Miller." Se many sides of our economic life were touched on in the Washington discussion that it is difficult even to sample the editorial comment that is evoked. Naturally there is a political side to an economic conference called by a President running for reelection in the midst of a eampaign hinging largely on economic issues. As Dawid Lawrence remarks in the Washington Hvening Star: "Bven tho Mr. Hoover was credited with a desire to accom- plish economic improvement primarily, there was no escaping the possible political significance that would be attached to the move, especially as the President traced the course of the depression and revealed how the tide of battle 'had run since 1929, and how events from abroad had prevented the successful fruition of steps undertaken in America. It is this constant reference of European and South American happenings which has become the backbone of the Republican campaign answer to the criticism that Mr. Hoover did nothing to alleviate the depression until last October. 'Undoubtedly the conference is going to be considered by non-political folks as a sign of organized action, but the polit- ically minded think the best results will flow from the conference when the election is out of the way." "Here is a program that in each item holds substantial promise of betterment," declares the Cincinnati Times-Star, in words that are practically repeated in every Republican and pro-Hoover daily in the country. Nor is all the praise from the Republican side. The Newark News (Ind.) thinks 'the Presi- dent's speech "'is the kind of stimulation the country needs." "President Hoover put on a great show,'' and it was more than that, declares the Richmond News-Leader (Dem.), ''it was an intelligent and impressive demonstration to the country at large of the machinery that has been set up and the efforts that are being made to combat present conditions." It proves '"'the existence of an American united front," con- cludes the New York Times (Dem.). In the financial district, reports the New York Herald Tribune, ''there was general satis- faction with the absence of ballyhoo and the general air of thor- oughness and determination.' And in the agricultural West, where farmers are blockading the roads in their "'strike'"' for higher prices, the Fargo Forwm (Ind.), speaking of the Hoover conference, says ''one can not but feel that a major offensive is rightly timed--an offensive built along sound economic lines which will reach out to every section." Bor not everybody is throwing up his hat and shouting over this conference. ''Too much talk' is the way the New Orleans States (Dem.) dismisses the subject. The New York Journal of Commerce is inclined to wonder why such impressive publicity is given to ''just another conference of business men."' And it concludes that '"'mere resolutions backed by elaborate coordi- nating efforts will neither put men to work nor set idle machinery whirling."" And the St. Louis Post-Dispatch condemns the Hoover method in these words: "The Hoover Administration and its supporters naturally will clap the blower on business so far as they can. They will induce everybody who can do so to stimulate business. The great corporations and many of the railroads will spend money, even if they have to borrow it. This is artificial stimulation, and therefore not economically sound. It is merely the opposite of hoarding. For business to revive to any great degree we must have a better basis than that. If it does not, the fire will subside when the election is over and the blower comes off," TH B cLcT BRIAR Ya DILG Baa) 4 SEP-TE MBER) > HOxS 92 Storm-Signals in the New Bonus Drive ATCALLS, HISSES, JEERS, AND BOOS! Addressing the New York State convention of the American Legion, in Brooklyn, Frederick Trubee Davison, thirty-six-year-old Assistant Secretary of the Navy, seeks to defend the expulsion of the Bonus Army from Washing- ton. A storm of violent disapproval breaks around his patrician head. Courageously Mr. [Davison continues: '"'the District Commissioners appealed to Mr. Hoover to send troops." The mention of the President's name, writes a reporter for the New York Times, acts as a fuse for a veritable explosion of hisses, jeers, and catcalls. Soon the Legion convention develops into a hurricane of boos. 1932 UAGEYEDTERAR Y TDA GEST The Farmers' War for Higher Prices HE '"'BUTTER-AND-EGG Expeditionary Force" is digging in for a long siege. Not ''till hell freezes over," declare these striking farmers of the Mid-West, will they quit their fight to force up prices of farm produce. Each day brings new and exciting developments as the farm holiday movement intensifies and spreads. It is one of the strangest phenomena of that breeder of anomalies, the depression. Giving us a close-up view of the men who started this '"'revolution,"' as told in our is- sue of August 27, Bruce Catton writes from Sioux City, Iowa, in a copyrighted article for the Albany Knickerbocker Press: "Along the trunk highways leading into this busy agricultural market there lounge groups of men in blue denim--husky, pur- poseful, deeply tanned men, who tilt soiled felt hats over their eyes when the sun is high and swing thei brawny arms indolently as they saunter from one cluster of shade trees to another. "They are the men in the front-line trenches of Iowa's famous 'farmers' strike'-- the men who have enforced an almost com- plete stoppage of the movement of farm produce to the market in the hope of lifting the corn belt out of the depression. "They are good-natured, but they mean business. Every truck that approaches gets stopt. Big telephone poles and heavy planks with long spikes set at two-inch intervals are ready to be tossed out on the pavement in front of any car that will not stop. When a truck is stopt the men look in it to see if it contains any farm produce. If it does not, it is allowed to proceed. If it does, it goes back where it came from. "Ordinarily, you will find from one to two score men on a picket station. They have a way of materializing rapidly. On half an hour's notice a small group can swell to a hundred. "When no trucks are coming the men lounge about, talk, smoke, make jokes." Acme Siren. then, are the men whose blockade of roads into cities of the Mid-West, principally Omaha, Des Moines, Council Bluffs, and Sioux City, has given the newspapers extra drama day by day. Fist fights galore and dozens of arrests have marked the picketing campaign by which the farmers seek to keep produce from markets until a ''fair"' price is obtainable. Some of the chief developments as reported in the press are: Wide World "Our Demand Is Righteous'"' Declares. Milo Reno, farm strike to force up prices. A threat of Federal intervention is made after pickets halt a live-stock train at Nacora, Nebraska, and take off a car-load of cattle. Deputy sheriffs lay down a barrage of tear gas in an effort to drive off pickets using force to block roads to Council Blufts. When 1,000 angry farmers threaten to storm the jail at Council Bluffs, authorities release on bail fifty-five men who picketed highways. Governor Bryan of Nebraska and Gov- ernor Turner of Iowa refuse to intervene in the strike, leaving the problem to local authorities. Governor Green of South Dakota an- nounces plan to eall conference of fifteen Governors of agricultural States to promote an ''orderly, practical, legal, and non-violent program for raising farm prices."' Two victories for milk producers are an- nounced when Omaha dairy interests agree to pay $2 a hundredweight for milk, instead of $1.45, and Lincoln milk dealers raise price forty cents to $1.80. As sluggings and other acts of violence in- crease, business men of Sioux City appeal to the Governors of Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota. The Khaki Shirts of America, former members of the Bonus Expeditionary Force, take lead in blockading Des Moines sector. Exranone the purpose of the strike, its guiding spirit, Milo Reno, president of the National Farmers' Holiday Association, de- clares that ''until the buying power of the farmer is restored--which can be done only by conceding him the right to cost of production based on an American standard of existence--business institutions, whether great or small, im- portant or humble, must suffer.' leader of the In general, press comment on the farm holiday is sympathetic, altho deploring the acts of violence. There is apparently little alarm over this uprising. Most observers feel that the strike is futile. Typical is the comment of the New York Journal of Commerce: ""As a demonstration of the intensity of the economic depres- sion in the country's chief farming areas, the revolt of the farmers is deserving of serious consideration. ""As a plan for raising farm prices by violence, however, it be- trays a pathetic ignorance of the causes and the possible remedies for inadequate prices." This Truck Didn't Go to Market--Striking Nebraska Farmers Forced It to Turn Back 10 THE LIT ERA RY UDRGES#: TOPICS IN BRIEF To all appearances Mr. Borah's third party is the first person. --Tampa Tribune. A cerraIn amount of political talk will naturally create a bull market.--WNorfolk Virginian-Pilot. THEODORE RoosEvELtT is coming home to campaign against Coz Franklin. The War of the Rooses.--Arkansas Gazette. On» way to secure prosperity within about a couple of weeks is to let each man run another man's business.--Atlanta Constitu- tion. THERE seems some little difference of opinion whether Mr. Roosevelt is of the old breed or just T. R. with the nerve ex- tracted.---Detrait News. A New York savings-bank has just acquired an ice-skating palace in a $600,000 foreclosure. A good many other banks have frozen assets, but they can not operate them as amusement resorts.---The American Banker (New York). Too many golf players use a the woods even when using the irons.-- Allanta Constitution. Tue real trouble with gov- ernment seems to be that we have too few ideals and too many deals.-- Mobile Register. THE new motor-cars are going to have welded bodies, but that doesn't mean they will have fewer nuts in them.-- Virgincan- Pilot. APPROPRIATELY, Al Smith who heads the tallest building in the world, has been named editor of Outlook magazine.-- Ohio State Journal. Wuo says prosperity isn't contagious? Right on the heels of the advance in hog prices comes increased activity in the pig-iron market.-- Cleveland Plain Dealer. In some respects the idea of finger-printing children seems to be a good one. At least it will settle the question as to who used the guest towel in the bathroom.--Philadelphia Inquarer. THERE seems a growing dis- position to regard Cactus Jack and Charley less as competitors than counter-irritants.-- Detroit News. As we understand President Hoover's immigration policy, the Melting Pot is to be converted into a Non-Refillable Bottle.-- Virginian-Pilot. France has put a prohibitive tariff on American prunes. France is no place, however, American prunes should ever go.-- Northwest Insurance (Minneapolis). We suppose that after refusing in his acceptance speech to cancel the war debts, Mr. Hoover won't carry a single ward in Kurope this fall--Grand Rapids Press. THE W. C. T. U., which supports principles rather than candi- dates, is understood to be having some trouble locating the former this year.--Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch. TuHeERB is a more hopeful feeling in the business world. Credit for the improvement is claimed for three different parties: Re- publicans, Democrats, and pigs.--The New Yorker. FarmERS are becoming more like city dwellers every day. First they got telephones, electric power and radios and now out West some of them are striking.--Greenville Piedmont. WKN KITTY DON'T COME The Reason --kKuhn in the Indianapolis ''News."' Prerry soon the only forgotten man will be the one who hasn't any vote.--Springfield Union. '"'Borau is silent," says a dispatch from Idaho, which neglects to give the date of the funeral.--Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch. "On a Maryland farm a turkey gobbler is sitting on twenty- one eggs."" Omigosh! Do turkey hens play bridge?--Toledo Blade. Just as an initial remedy for the depression the R. F. C. acting for the U.S. A. is certainly putting its O. K. on a lot of I. O. U.'s. --Wichita Hagle. ''War," exclaims Mussolini, 'is needed to keep humanity from growing stale.'"'" Yet somehow only breaks out when diplo- mats grow fresh.-- Detroit News. Morner EnGuAND's experience at Ottawa is the common experience of mothers everywhere--as soon as the kids grow up, they want to buy their clothes themselves at shops of their own choosing.-- Virginian-Pilot. Looxs as if the Wall Street bears will have to hibernate unusually early this winter.-- Ailanta Constitution. Tus country is tired of Prohibition--that is, unless the political parties' guesses are all wet.--Vurginian-Prlot. Norman Tuomas has run for Borough President, Mayor, Governor, Congressman, Sena- tor and President. And, we are forced to conclude, for fun.-- Detroit News. "SHAPE of Shoulder Blade Denotes State of Person's Mentality.'' -- Head-line. It sounds like the doom of the low-back evening dress indus- try.-- Virginian-Pilot. Somer day, somewhere, it is our confident prediction, the White Shirts will rise up in wrath to tell the Black Shirts, Brown Shirts, Red, and vari- ous other shirts just where they get off.--WSpringfield Union. THE consideration shown at the Olympic games by Ameri- can athletes extends even to not allowing the visitors to be burdened with excess baggage through carrying trophies home. --Washington Post. A LOCK of Napoleon's hair sold for $5.30 at a London auction. Judging by the newsreels, Mussolini's barber can't start saving too soon.-- Detroit News. Au Smiru says he'll support the Democratic ticket, but de- clines to state whether it will be in the style to which it has been accustomed.--WNorfolk Ledger-Dispatch. A survey shows eighty-six research expeditions, covering the globe from pole to pole, are en route or in discussion. That corner must be somewhere.--Detroit News. RecEnT geographical conquests have reduced the dark spots on the map to the polar regions, the heart of the Arabian Desert, and Russell T. Sherwood.--New York Times. Ir South America can't agree on the ownership of Chaco, an uninhabited region of swamps and desert, the alternative seems to be a plebiscite of the mosquitoes.--Detroit News. Senator Boran announces that he will campaign but not for Hoover, Roosevelt, or any third-party candidate. Then it must be for that ''forgotten man.""--Pathjinder (Washington). SEP TEM 'B-ER? 8110 7 1 Oise FOREIGN COMMENT The Hitler-von Papen Duel That Rocks Germany ON PAPEN, NOT HITLER, promises to be the real dictator of the German Republic. This is the feeling of various editors who note the slashing strokes by which the von Papen Cabinet, backed to the limit by President von Hindenburg, has been cutting down the German Fascist leader's hopes of control. Two days before the new Reichstag convened on August 30, Chancellor von Papen broadeast a twelve-month reconstruction program for Germany, which is said to be the boldest attempt to grapple with the problem of the nation's army of jobless--now totaling 5,388,000 -- ever under- taken by a German Government. The next day, Chancellor von Papen entertained Adolf Hitler at luncheon in company with Gen. Kurt von Schleicher, Minister of Defense, who is said to be the most powerful man in the von Papen Cabinet. The Chancellor, according to Berlin press cables, told the Fascist chieftain that he might become Vice-Chancellor, that his party might have dictatorial control over Prussia, and that several minor posts in the Cabinet could be given to National Socialists. But Hitler, adamant as he has been throughout, spurned this offer, relates a United Press correspon- dent, declaring he would take all or nothing. Following this, President von Hindenburg at Neudeck, his sum- mer home in East Prussia, powered the Chaneellor to dissolve the Reichstag the moment an at- tempt should be made to vote down the von Papen Cabinet. Ac- cording to an Associated Press cor- respondent in Berlin, the real source of authority in Germany is Presi- dent von Hindenburg, and many observers saw in the Chancellor's visit to Neudeck, at the very time the new Reichstag was open- ing, ''a studied gesture of disdain for parliamentarism." em- * Keystone- Underwood phutograph Po waves this may be, adds this correspondent, the fact is that everything hinges upon von Hindenburg, and the Reichstag and the Diet are ''mere safety-valves for blowing off steam." As a specimen of Hitlerite steam, we have his rousing ery: '""We do not fear the new elections!"' This was uttered with reference to the possibility of the Reichstag's dissolution. Hitler was speaking to his 230 party deputies who had gathered to pay him tribute, we are told, and filed past their diminutive and dynamic leader, each clasping his hand and swearing an oath of fealty. He assured them further: ""T have never viewed a situation with more calm, and more confidence, than I view this situation to-day. Our claims to power are no longer denied, even by the Government. "But all the Government offers us, in fulfilment of these claims to power, is to rob us of our independence. fe iA "Our opponents must learn that in you they see not 230 men, Germany's "'Dictator'' This is the title given by some to Chancellor von Papen because of the great power entrusted to him and his Cabinet by President von Hindenburg. but 230 backed by 14,000,000--standing as one man. They may be able to rule without the Reichstag, but they can not rule without the people. "The Government is bound to fall, because it fails to under- stand the feeling of the people. We are ready, at any moment, to take our fight before the public again." Tus momentous session of Parliament was opened by the veteran woman Communist, the seventy-five-year-old ''Red Clara"' Zetkin, who added more fuel to the half-supprest con- flagration, when she declared: "T herewith open the Reichstag, hoping that I live to open the First Assembly of Soviet Germany." She has just returned from Mos- cow, where she spent the last few years, to preside over the opening of the Assembly as 'President by seniority." She declared that the Reichstag had the right to impeach President von Hindenburg and the von Papen Cabinet for breach of the Consti- tution. Then she added in her feeble voice: "'But such a measure would be tantamount to impeaching the devil before his grandmother." Frederick Kuh, chief United Press correspondent at Berlin, cables that: "While 'Red Clara' was address- ing the House, serious clashes broke out in front of the Parliament Building between Hitlerites and Communists. Despite the usual police precautions, fist fights began among a crowd of 2,000 persons, and police wielded their batons to disperse the mob. Nazi groups in chorus shouted denunciation of the recent death sentences of five Nazis convicted of political terrorism. '"When police started to clear Parliament Square, they were re- sisted by the crowd, and knocked down several persons. Women shrieked and several fainted when the stampede for safety began. ""Some of the mob stoned police. The fighting continued around Brandenburg Gate. Numerous Sommunists and Brown Shirts were arrested." lseiiinw WILHELM GOERING, who has been with Hitler since the "Beer Cellar Putsch'' of 1923, was elected speaker of the new Reichstag, receiving 367 out of 583 votes. Mr. Goering assumed the chair drest in full Hitlerite regalia--high brown riding-boots, corduroy trousers, brown shirt, and Sam Browne belt. His chest was adorned with war decorations, and the ribbon of the Order Pour la Merité, bestowed by ex-Kaiser Wilhelm, hung from Goering's neck. The von Papen Government, say Berlin press correspondents, appears to control only the votes of the thirty-seven Hugenberg Nationalists. In all this tumultuous afternoon, we are advised, the Govern- ment conspicuously snubbed the Reichstag opening at which no member of the Government appeared. Chaneellor von Papen, Minister of Defense Gen. Kurt von Schleicher, and Minister of Interior Baron von Gayl, remained 11 iis THE CVTERARY FOG, at Neudeck with President von Hindenburg. The von Papen Government's program was announced by the Chancellor before the Westphalian Farmers' Association at Muenster, on August 28. and broadeast to the nation by a national hook-up. The plan would be limited to one year, after which, the Cabinet hopes, a world economic revival will have disposed of the problem. As summarized by John Elliott in a copyrighted German Satire "How emergency government loves parliament." --''Kladderadatsch"' (Berlin). cable to the New York Herald Tribune from Berlin, the outstand- ing points in Chancellor von Papen's program are: "1. Tax relief amounting to 2,000,000,000 marks ($476, 000,- 000) for renewal of plant in German industries. "2. Employment for 1,750,000 men, now jobless. "3. Premiums to employers who hire more men. "4. Recognition in principle of wage and arbitration agree- ments between capital and labor, but adaptation of these agree- ments, involving lower wages, in order to prevent hard-prest concerns from going to the wall. "5. Introduction of a working year for academic youth be- tween high school and university to solve the problem of the over- crowded professions. ""6. Rejection of the principle of 'autarchy'--economice self- sufficieney--but announcement of pending 'moderate' regulation of imports. '7, Maintenance of a stable currency. "8. Appropriation of 135,000,000 marks ($32,130,000) for productive work for unemployed men. "9. Reforms of the Prussian Administration with a view to abolishing superfluous posts in the immediate future, to be followed later by Reich reform and elimination of the dualism between the Reich and Prussia."' Seiad Chancellor von Papen expressly stated in annoureine his plan that his Government would respect the principles of the Constitution, cabled editorials to Tar Lirmrary Dicrst show lthe Socialist-Democratie Vorwaerts charging the contrary: '*"A man whom the entire German nation will repudiate dares SEP GE MBIERH ISO, "ho'ez to present a plan requiring years for realization and needing pro- tection against 'partizan disturbances.' That means that he intends only complete reorganization of the State and exclusion of the Reichstag. ~ '"'Von Papen mentions the 'foundations of the Constitution,' but the foundation-stone of the Constitution is the provision that a Chancellor who lacks the confidence of the Reichstag shall resign. His plan is essentially unsocial, and in reality it is Bol- shevism--Bolshevism by capital." An important German newspaper among business interests, the Frankfurter Zeitung, thinks that von Papen's speech was '"'a pleasant surprize,"' and with a jab at the Nazis, it remarks: "Von Papen declines once more to consider the minority behind the Hitler flag as the German nation, and to treat all other parties as fair game. It is also encouraging that he proposes no amateur experimentation with money and no attempts at economic self-sufficiency."' Bor the Berliner Tageblatt sharply questions the Chancellor's right to have proposed his twelve-month plan of reconstruction before the Reichstag met. On the other hand, the Nationalist Deutsche Zeitung argues that "in view of the fact that the Chancellor presented a twelve-month plan it is to be concluded that he is confident of overcoming disturbances within the Reichstag and remaining in office to fulfil his program." Among cabled editorials to Tun Lirprary Dicrst from the London press, we find The Daily Telegraph positively skeptical of the von Papen twelve-month plan: "This immense and costly program for revival of industry and absorption of unemployment has many highly dubious aspects, but the most dubious of all is the assumption that such a task can be carried through by a government which, as things stand, has to reckon with the violent hostility of almost all of Germany that is politically conscious." A march back to Prussianism would seem to be the general interpretation of the French press as deduced from editorials cabled to THe Lirzrary Dicrst. Thus, the semiofficial Paris Temps is convinced that: "There remains no further doubt that von Papen intends to govern Germany without the aid of the Reichstag, and dictato- rially under the cover of the Field Marshal President." Rabbit and Soy-Beans a La Soviet SHORTAGE in the country's live stock and a similar falling-off in the raising, transporting, and storing of fruit and vegetables, it seems, has greatly cut down the national food supply of Soviet Russia. To meet the emergency the Soviet authorities are relying on the soy-bean and the rabbit. Posters and newspaper head-lines all over the country blazon forth the bright possibilities of rabbit-breeding, a Moscow corre- spondent of the London Observer tells us, while the soy-bean, hitherto grown mostly in Manchuria, is being more and more widely cultivated in the Soviet Union. But the soy-bean made a bad beginning as a dietary reform. We read then: "In Kiev a compound of sausage and soy-bean met with little popular favor, while in Odessa a diet of soy-bean courses, offered morning, noon, and night, soon surfeited the diners in publie restaurants. One cook even labeled an unsavory soy-bean preparation, 'the dish of the second Five-Year plan,' which led to an investigation of his political past and a discovery that he was not an enthusiast for the Soviet régime. "Tf the main difficulties with the use of soy-beans are in the field of proper preparation, the relief of the meat shortage by a large injection of stewed and boiled rabbit has been delayed by many instances of neglect and carelessness in breeding and caring for the rabbits. "All in all, the provisioning of the country with such novel articles of diet as rabbits and soy-beans seems to encounter as many difficulties asthe supply with such more conventional foodstuffs as meat, dairy products, fruit, and vegetables." SEP PMB eR. al Of 193-2. peteem lk ERArRYarDpl GEST. 13 Japan's Defiant Manchurian Doctrine ESPITE HIS SUAVITY OF SPEECH, despite the traditional Japanese politeness of his tone, Count Yasuya Uchida, Japan's Foreign Minister, left no doubt in the minds of his hearers in the House of Peers and of those who read his speech on recognition of the Manchukuo régime in Manchuria of the inflexibility of Japan's Manchurian Doctrine. He told the House of Peers, on August 25, of Japan's determination to extend forma recognition of the Man- chukuo Government as the only means of solving the Manchurian problem. He declared further that '"'no remedy can be effected by having recourse either to the Covenant of the League of Nations or any other organ of what is termed the machinery of peace."' His forthright statement was not really intended for the House of Peers, some skeptical American editors point out, but was plainly directed at the United States, at Great Britain, and especially at the League of Nations. As to the latter body Geneva press eables indicate premonitions that Ja- pan's resolve to recognize the Manchu- kuo régime in Manchuria is a prelude to her withdrawal from the League of Nations. Answering American criticism, cabled editorials to THe Lirerary Dicest from the Tokyo press show the news- paper Miyako asserting bluntly: "Tf the United States is justified in excluding the Monroe Doctrine from the authority of the League of Nations, then Japan is justified in demanding non-interference from the Powers in the Far East, in recognition of Japan's im- plicit Asiatic policy." oe Keystone-Underwood photograph Files Eee the report of the League of Nations inquiry commission in Man- ehuria, which is headed by the Earl of Lytton, Count Uchida specifically remarked: 'Tt appears in certain quarters that a plan is being considered to reach a solution by patching up matters for the moment by investing China with authority over Manchuria. "That such a plan would only serve to reproduce the situation preceding the incident of September 18 [1931] is only too plain. The people of Japan never would consent to such a solution. "Tt is clear that the investing of China with power over Manchuria, under whatever guise, would be totally irreconcilable with the political creed enunciated in the declaration of indepen- dence and other public statements of the Manchukuo Govern- ment, and, therefore, the scheme has no chance of being accepted by the Manchurians." That Japan's press is firmly intrenched back of the Govern- ment and is unanimous in demanding early recognition for Manchukuo is apparent from editorials cabled to Tux Lirprary Digest. For instance, the important Tokyo Asahi avers: "Effective settlement of the Manchurian problem depends upon Japan's recognition of Manchukuo. Solution by other means might have been possible previously, but not now. "Thirty million Manchurians and Mongolians now have risen and established their own government as a protest against the maladministration of Chang Hsueh-liang. While Japan has realized for the last twenty years the futility of that adminis- "No Remedy"' Can be effected in Manchuria, says Count Yasuya Uchida, Japan's Foreign Minister, by recourse either to the League or any other organ of what is termed the machinery of peace. tration, she has exercised extreme patience and self-denial with regard to Manchurian problems. "Tt was natural and inevitable that Japan should seek effectual settlement through recognition of Manchukuo as a State inde- pendent of the Chinese Government. "Whatever the conclusion of the Lytton Commission, the above policy of the Empire can not in the least be altered. ""China's real problem is not Man- churia but the spread of Communism. Washington, London, and Geneva ought to realize this and work to promote Chino-Japanese cooperation which is essential to Chinese domestic stability." Alnonent influential daily of wide circulation, the Tokyo Nichi Nichi, agrees with the foregoing and incidentally hands a little slap to Secretary Stimson and the League of Nations: "Uchida stated definitely the Gov- ernment's intention to recognize Man- chukuo regardless of the empty and prejudiced theories of outsiders. The statement provides food for thought for the Powers opposing Japan's Manchurian policy. "Secretary Stimson and Geneva ac- cuse Japan of violating the Kellogg Nine-Power agreement. But the united Japanese people are not interested in criticism of our policy. We hope that Count Uchida will state with equal positiveness the Government's attitude on anti-Japanese agitations in China." The terse Chinese retort to Count Uchida's speech is given in a Nanking Associated Press dispatch which reports Lo Wen-ken, China's Foreign Minister, as declaring that ''there will be no peace or prosperity in Manchuria until all Japanese troops are withdrawn," and this dispatch further relates: "Tt rests entirely with Japan to im- prove and restore relations with China, he said, but China never will surrender an inch of territory under pressure of military forces, which she is determined to resist. "Neither will China agree to any solu- tion of the situation in Manchuria, he said, which takes into account 'the puppet organization estab- lished, maintained, and controlled by Japanese military forces.' ''He characterized as preposterous the Japanese assertion that the new régime in Manchuria had been created by the will of the Mancburians. There never has been a separatist movement in Manchuria, he said, but only an aggressive, imperialist move- ment from outside." Among cables to Tus Lirnrary Digest from the English press, we find the Laborite Daily Herald in a mood approaching consternation: "The situation is alive with dangerous possibilities. Secre- tary Stimson's outspoken warning has already incensed the Jingoes of Japan. "The imminent publication of the Lytton Report by the League of Nations will do nothing to diminish their fury." Nor at all excited, because it is in no way surprized by the Uchida declaration, the Liberal Manchester Guardian remarks: 'Japan would scarcely have gone to the trouble and expense of the Manchurian campaign, kidnaping the timid ex-Manchu Emperor, ceremoniously installing him as chief executive of Changchun, and establishing a puppet administration without being prepared to recognize the result." SCIENCE AND INVENTION Our Greatest Concrete Arch Bridge WO HUNDRED FEET above the Turtle Creek Valley in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the five concrete arches of the new George Westinghouse Bridge carry a forty-two-foot roadway. Its use will save many a motorist the experience of traversing one of the most congested stretches of city street and winding road that could be found' along the entire length of the Lincoln Highway. The new link, of which the bridge is the most conspicuous part, elim- inates : 3.44. miles - of -heavy grades and bad alinement. It by-passes the narrow streets in the towns of East Pittsburgh and Turtle Creek. Says The Engineering News-Record (New York): ~ "The George Westinghouse Bridge claims a place in the select company of other great engineering achieve- ments of recent years, such as the Holland Tunnel, the Hudson River suspension bridge, and the Hoover Dam. "The new structure is spectacular in the service it renders, in the bold- ness of its design and erection, in the grace and symmetry of its archi- tecture, and in its location over a busy industrial valley in which three levels of highway and railway were already provided for. Moreover, it has the longest concrete arch in America, using pairs of wide shallow ribs with no cross-struts as its principal load-carrying elements, and having floor- expansion joints only at the ends of the spans. And, finally, skilled field forces using modern equipment and ingenuity built deep foundations and carried out high-level work on schedule time and within close cost estimates." How the Bridge Is Supported Graceful twin ribs of reenforced concrete, ¢ach fourteen feet wide and relatively shallow, form the principal load-carrying elements of the George Westinghouse Bridge, which spans Turtle Creek Valley at a height of two hundred feet. The job, we are told, was to build a five-span reenforced-con- crete arch bridge, 1,560 feet long, accessible at one end but blocked at the other until a cut 130 feet deep could be made through the top of a steep bluff. 14 The roadway was to be 200 feet high above a valley occupied by a creek, a highway, and a dozen busy railroad tracks. The height from the bottom of the deepest foundation to the top of the center pier was about 285 feet. We read: "Tf a continuous moving picture of the job from beginning to Illustrations by courtesy of The Engineering News-Record (New York) Its Central Span Is the Longest Concrete Arch in America This bridge at East Pittsburgh "'claims a place in the select company of other great engineer- ing achievements of recent years, such as the Holland Tunnel, the Hudson River suspension bridge, and the Hoover Dam."' end were available, certain important characteristics would stand out. In such a movie the reviewer would see that: "Structural-steel sheds over railroads and the highway were covered with unusually heavy plank roofing to withstand falling forms or timbers. "Piers were sunk as open caissons to a maximum depth of eighty-five feet. "Concrete paving mixers were set up at each pier location, and all piers were poured to a height slightly above the arch spring line at the earliest possible moment, so that arch centering could be set. "Abutments were constructed simultaneously with the piers, concrete having to be hauled to the adjacent hilltop and slid down a 400-foot chute to the forms below. "A cableway system spanned 1,600 feet between steel towers 150 and 110 feet high, on the opposite hilltops. "Steel-truss centering was used in all of the arch spans, so planned that the two arches at either end of the bridge would first be completed and then all of the centering assembled to support the 460-foot span. A large amount of cross-bracing was provided in the centering to resist wind pressure. "The centering for the long span consisted of three three-hinged tied arches carried not only by brackets on the piers but by two steel towers set 163 feet apart. "When moving the centering ahead from one arch to another, it was transported by the cableway in sections weighing not more than thirteen tons. Shifting the centering from the north to the soul rib in any one arch was accomplished by means of 250-ton jacks. "The central mixing plant was adjacent to one of the bridge piers at the lowest point in the valley to which aggregate could conveniently be trucked. Concrete for the structure was deliv- ered by cableway in buckets. "Electric vibrators were used in placing concrete in the ribs and other thin members because of its rather stiff consistency. "By the use of high-early-strength Portland cement in the rib keys centering was released three days after placing the last concrete in the rib, an expedient that saved about ninety-five days on the contract time. "Work began May 15, 1930, and was completed D 28, 1931." plete ecember ---- ee a es ae SEPTEMBER= 107 1932 Lightning Doesn't Zigzag VERY ONE IS INTERESTED in lightning. To the man on the street it is a spectacular demonstration that never ceases to grip his imagination. D. F. Miner, Westinghouse executive, outlines some of the many varieties of both natural and man-made lightning and gives their outstanding characteristics. He says in a press bulletin issued by the company's news department: "Terrific electrical arcs that may destroy millions of dollars' worth of apparatus and cause serious interruption to industrial operations may also stimulate appreciation for their grandeur and power and beauty of form. _ 'Even artists have discarded the idea that these bands of vivid fire pierce the sky in broken, zigzag lines. Instead, lightning is pictured to-day as it is, as it actually appears to the eye or camera--a flaming river full of twists and bends. _ 'Sometimes its flashes are reflected as diffused light on clouds. In other instances it is a sin- gle clear flash with numerous contributing branches, very similar to a large river sys- tem with many tributaries. Another type produces the peculiar photographic effect of some white streams, some white with black edges, and a third group of black streaks, all in the same picture. "Streaks appear black be- cause their excessive bright- ness causes the same effect as Overexposure on the negative. Black ares photographed in the laboratory merely indicate the same degree of brilliance. "While laboratory lightning does not compare with na- ture's exhibit, it does produce striking photographic results. "Zigzag lightning is ob- tained only when the flash is tamed and its path controlled. This is accomplished by using a small wire or wet string to establish the preliminary con- ducting path and arranging that wire or string in the desired formation. This plan ean be extended to the formation of letters so that writing with lightning is entirely possible." Photograph by courtesy of Westinghouse Electric A Lace-Like Flash of Laboratory Lightning An arc produced by an alternating current, fanned by air-currents. In contrast to these river-system patterns, says Mr. Miner, are the flame ares produced by the normal sixty-cycle current. They cause a resonant hum which grows to a roar if sufficient power is released. They are very different from the distinct lines and sharp reports of the more violent electrical discharges. He goes on: 'Such ares can be manipulated to some extent. Ordinarily, a fifty-foot are appears as a flame when 1,090,000 volts are dis- charged into a sixty-cycle line. If the direction of this are is guided by an almost invisible wire the same are looks more like a feathery fountain. When the same are envelops a group of insulators it has the appearance of an intense and furious flame threatening to consume the insulators. '" Another variation of this arc is produced under certain con- ditions because the alternating current reverses its direction 120 times a second. ''Tn this case a delicate tracery shows a multitude of very fine parallel lines in the flame, each line or striation representing a reversal of the current. When such an are is fanned by air- currents an infinite number of patterns become visible to the eye and the camera. "'Corona, still another form of electrical discharge occurring at high voltage, appears as a steady blue glow at sharp points and corners. As stress is increased, the glow grows more lumi- nous and is accompanied by small streamers shooting out into space." TEFECL PTERARY (DIGEST ibe French Doubts of Psychoanalysis N AN ARRAIGNMENT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS, Dr. Génil Perrin, a French expert, blames the psychoanalysts themselves. Enlarging somewhat upon the indictment, René Sudre now says in the Huropéen (Paris) that we must get firmly into our heads the Freudian procedure or we shall miss the point of all recent criticism of it. He writes: "Psychoanalysis, as Freud teaches it, is a mode of dealing with certain neurotic states by exploring and exposing their secret origins. "Now, relations thus implied between two persons of different sexes, one of the individuals having the weight of authority, can cause peril of a kind easily surmised. It is not unlike the peril of former days when magnetizer and patient were of different sexes. 'Psychoanalysis from a medical standpoint has somewhat the aspects of hypnotism. It creates a sentimental relationship which is almost the condition of its success. "Tt will fall into the same discredit after it has rendered somewhat the same sort of ser- vice. "Psychoanalysis will not thereafter be cultivated except by some obstinate devotees and some charlatans. "Thus is brought about the penalty imposed upon a kind of therapy which, in spite of some justification, trifles too cynically with the moral con- ventions. "The psychiatry of France repudiates Freudianism as the inevitable and _ sufficient ex- planation of neurotic states. This is not the effect of any squeamish delicacy, which would be unthinkable in medi- eine. "French experts do not deem Freudian psychoanalysis gen- erally effective. '"A high authority has de- clared that instead of healing it really aggravates the ill--a malady of the mind that would have been helped by other less inconsiderate treatments. "'Confronted with a patient, the psychoanalyst at once pries into the intimate antecedents of the case, and he always finds these present. "Where is the man or the woman who has not had in child- hood or during adolescence experiences more or less dissembled without sustaining through these a shock or a sensitiveness really defined? By dragging such things into the light of day and ascribing to them a prominent part in the present complica- tion, the psychoanalyst runs the risk of frustrating his own pur- pose and of complicating a nervous state due, perhaps, to other causes. "This is what two great French authorities, Hesnard and Génil Perrin, say emphatically. ""A defective analysis may further trouble the debilitated. It may instil a sense of indignity sustained or fortify scruples in the minds of the obsessed. "These views are shared by most psychiatrists. The psycho- analytical mode of treatment is not any more accepted as 'in- offensive.' '""One expert--a Freudian nevertheless--has recorded in- stances in which a sound and an unsound diagnosis have had like disastrous results. "To charge the mind of a perfectly moral character, for instance, with a theory that his difficulty is due to 'an iacestuous complex' might drive him into a pernicious melancholia, or even to suicide. "On the other hand, to seek to persuade a man that he is actuated by such and such an obscure feeling is to lead him to make this feeling real, even if the psychoanalyst be in error." 16 THE LITERARY DIGEST A New Kind of Windmill T WEST BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEY, rises a curious structure which may prove to be as historically important as the first electric station built by Edison fifty years ago in New York. A metal cylinder, ninety feet high and twenty-two in diameter, is to be one of a series of windmills which will generate electricity and reduce the coal bill of a great power-house. The power generator of the rotor-ship, recently prominent in the press, has been transferred to the land. Says Waldemar Kaempffert in the New York Times, as quoted in The Manufac- turers' Association Bulletin (Trenton, N. J.): "Tf the strange cylinder that looms upon the meadows of New Jersey fulfils expectations, it will not stand alone. About twenty more like it will be erected. Mounted on flat-cars, they will be coupled in a train which will be blown around a circular track. On the axles electric generators will be carried. 'Six public-utility companies were so imprest by the poten- tialities of such a wind-power plant that they are building a full- sized cylinder at a cost of well over $100,000. ""The old-fashioned windmill does not extract more than 5 per cent. of the energy from wind pressure. Apart from this, the sails have a speed that may become dangerously high. Even reefing may not prevent disruption in a violent gale. "The possibilities of the wind became apparent as the airplane was developed. Physicists and engineers ransacked technical literature to find out what their predecessors had done. So it happened that the half-forgotten Magnus effect was discovered." "Gustav Magnus, professor of physies in the University of Berlin, published, in 1853, a paper 'On the Deflection of Projec- tiles and a Striking Phenomenon in Rotating Bodies.' It had long been known that cannon-balls swerved in strange ways. The Berlin Academy had offered a prize in 1794 for a scientific explanation. Magnus tested a brass eylinder which he could rotate at high speed and against which he could blow a stream of air." To quote further: "He noticed that the cylinder, which was mounted on a freely swinging arm, always moved at right-angles to the current. "The stream of air was wrapping itself around the spinning cylinder just as ifit were aribbon. For the half which was moving in the general direction of the air, suction was produced; the other half moved against the wind. There was suction on one side and pressure on the other side of the cylinder. "Mount a rotating cylinder on a boat or on wheels, let the wind blow against it, and it will be propelled along by both suc- tion and pressure, the two acting together in a line approximately at right-angles to the direction of the wind. "Two engineers, Julius Madaras and Anton Flettner, the one a Hungarian and the other a German, independently reached a conclusion that with a properly designed rotating cylinder, the energy of the wind could be more effectively harnessed than ever before. Flettner drove two vessels on long voyages with eylinders or rotors. His efforts were a brilliant technical but not a com- mercial success. '""Madaras states that he anticipated Flettner by eleven years, and built his first model, mounted on a ear, in 1912, while a high- school boy in Hungary. In the last four years the public-utility companies realized the potentialities of his rotors and. made it possible for him to proceed, first on an experimental and then on a commercial scale. 'Back of this New Jersey experiment lies exhaustive research. Laboratory investigations made it possible to determine the most efficient type of wind plant. The rotors are of duralu- minum--a light alloy much used in the construction of aircraft. A kind of electric safety-valve prevents overloading. The current is picked up by trolleys or contact shoes and fed into the trans- mission system of a regular steam- or water-power plant. Madaras and his associates have no intention of dispensing with fuel or with falling water. If the wind drops below six miles an hour, the associated steam or hydraulic plant is driven at full load. On the other hand, fuel or water is saved if the wind is higher than six miles an hour. "In the light of Madaras's ingenious invention it is not difficult to speculate on the future. The wind of an arid country that will respond to irrigation becomes an economic asset as if it were a T1932 SEPT EME ERG wor waterfall. In the few periods of calm that may prevail a wind- power company will buy electric energy from a steam central station--exactly what the hydraulic-power companies now do when rivers run dry and water in reservoirs stands low. 'The whole country may yet be covered with concentrie circles of rotors interconnected with steam and hydraulic stations. The work of Madaras seems to open a new period in the utilization of electric energy." What Ozone Can and Can Not Do GNORANT TALK ABOUT OZONE has resulted in a good deal of skepticism about its alleged virtues. The word is commonly used by many persons to mean simply ''fresh air,'' as when they talk of ''breathing in the life- giving ozone" of a cold, bright winter morning. Yet ozone is a well-known, perfectly definite modification of oxygen, and its value as an antiseptic appears undoubted. Says The British Medical Journal (London), in an editorial: ''Ozone, that variant of oxygen which appears in traces over the sea or in the air of the open country, and which has lately . been surmised by meteorologists to exist in the high atmosphere in sufficient amount to affect the temperature of its limiting layers, possesses a strong oxidizing action, in virtue of which it attacks metallic silver, and may, given suitable conditions, inhibit or destroy bacteria. "The facility with which it can be formed from air by means of the silent electric discharge has made it available in workable quantities to industry and hygiene, and its practical uses in these fields have recently been set forth in an interesting article by Dr. L. Hugounenq. "Ozone, he says, is a potent agent in the vulcanization of rubber, and it is of value for the bleaching of textiles. Since it spares yeast, and at the same time acts vigorously against the germs which impair the qualities of beer, it has been employed with advantage in brewing. It is of service, too, in the maturation of odorous essences and in the preparation of drying oils. In the practise of hygiene ozone has been turned to aecount for its germicidal properties. It is claimed that treatment with ozonized sea water disinfects oysters and other shell-fish exposed to bacterial contamination without weakening their vitality or damaging their taste; and that ozone, when applied to perish- able foodstuffs, saves their market value intact and leaves in the food no trace of material foreign to the tissues of consumers, differing in this from some other preservatives. "The use of ozone in the purification of drinking water was first commended as a result of experiments carried out in Holland on the water of the Old Rhine. In France, to-day, water supplies are ozonized in many communities, as well as in Monte Carlo, and many schools and private houses. Sir A. C. Houston in 1931 applied ozone to the metropolitan water at Barn Elms, obtaining results which he describes as bacteriologically perfect. '"'Altho the method has hitherto been little used in Britain, we may acquiesce in our author's encomium of water ozonization in France, but when he applauds in the same cordial terms the use of ozone for the purification of air, we can not. but feel that the analogy is forced and confidence in such a procedure ill founded. He speaks of rotary ozonizers for supplying ozone-charged air to habitations, and describes an appliance of this kind as of service "wherever it is necessary to purify a vitiated atmosphere, as in sick-rooms or crowded factories.' "But ozone, however effective in water, has shown itself a reluctant germicide under dry conditions. It takes some thirteen parts of ozone per million of air to affect bacteria; but one part per million causes respiratory discomfort to man, lowers his oxygen intake, produves headache and depression, and may even lead to coma. Thus a concentration which would damage bac- teria in the air of a room would be more than ten times stronger than could be borne by the human occupants. 'In any event, there would appear to be no occasion to call in the resources of chemical science in order to purify air when the air of a sick-room can be speedily changed by the simple act of opening a window, and when the ills of crowded workshops can ie ree Sew ie the aggregation of people or by driving outside. Ozone, however, is clearly useful inasmuch as it succeeds in the wet, altho, like gaseous disin- pee nen it is apt to fail in the dry. When we praise € as a g agent, we must at the same time recognize the limitations to which it is undoubtedly subject." amateur, by SEPTEMBER 10, 1932 Fewer Accidents With Professional | Drivers T PROBABLY WILL COME as something of a shock to the average motor-car operator to learn that this su periority complex which he professes to see and finds so irritating in the professional driver is not altogether without a sound founda- tion, writes William Ullman, in a press release issued by his Feature Service (Washington). The most recent comparative study of the two classes of operators, professional and the National Safety Council, shows that the former has a better accident record. It is figured on a pro- portionate basis, so the private- car owner is denied refuge in the defense that his group so far outnumbers the other as to make a less favorable accident showing inevitable. We read: "Here are the figures, with a big challenge in them: Private passenger-vehicles participat- ing in fatal mishaps have in- ereased 50 per cent. in the last four years. The number of trucks decreased 6 per cent. in the same interval. Fatal acci- dents involving taxicabs de- clined 35 per cent., déspite a ~ large increase in registration of such vehicles, and bus-accident deaths declined 12 per cent. 'So the four big groups of professional drivers improved their records, despite the fact that their ranks increased at a rate more rapid than those of the private-vehicle operator. What is the explanation? An effort to find out reveals that many reasons are advanced by different authorities. "The strongest one appears to be the rigorous control which is exercised over the driving habits of so many professionally employed. Large motor-vehicle fleet operators give strict supervision to those who manage to pass the ever-harder tests which stand between any applicant and a professional driving job. "The direct and tangible premium of retaining his job is the reward of safe driving in the case of the professional. He realizes that good driving means everything to him. He has been warned that carelessness will not be tolerated; that any exhibition of it, whether or not it results in an accident, will mean the loss of his job. Accidents cost his employer money, and the employer is out to prevent them. The latter's first step is to demand constant concentration upon the task of driving safely. "Now, so far as the private-vehicle operator--the amateur driver--is concerned, he is his own employer. He is not subject to the same constant supervision and restrictions as the profes- sional operator. ''TIn consequence, he is prone to overlook the fact that motor- vehicle operation is a function that requires everlasting vigilance as well as a high degree of intelligence. That is why he has an increasing number of mishaps as compared with a decline for drivers within the professional group." Keystone-Underwood A New Double-Tier Railroad Coach Lights Lure Bugs Away NSECTS bothered Prof. H. W. Matlack of Grinnell College, Iowa. He has a broad, comfortable, screened porch, with subdued lights; where it is very pleasant to sit on warm summer nights. But insects leaked into it in the innumerable ways in- sects can find, attracted by the lights. Thee cia. aR AR YY DIGEST se! Professor Matlack gave considerable thought to the matter, and at last had a flash of inspiration. Like many strokes of genius, his solution was exceedingly simple, says a mail report of Science Service (Washington). We read: "Under the eaves of his porch, outside the sereen, he fitted one bright light, much brighter than any of the shaded lamps on the poreh itself. Immediately all the insects on the porch turned their backs on the subdued lights and went straight for the bright bulb. The littlest ones went out through the meshes as they had come in, and danced around the light, drunk with the strong radiation. The larger ones crowded crawling on the screen as near as they could get to it. No more insects invaded the porch, since the strongest at- traction was now outside it.' Two-Story Rail- road Cars NEW TYPE OF rail- road coach, double- decked in _ interior design and capable of carrying forty-four more passengers than. - the ones hitherto in use, has just been put into service. The new coach is the first one of its kind ever built and 'the only one yet to be com- pleted in the shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Al- toona, Pennsylvania. It will be used purely as an experi- 'mental venture in an effort to determine the practicability of replacing all the cars in service with the new kind. Says the New York Times: "*Tf the tests prove successful the car is expected to be a long stride in the restoration of profits to commutation and short-distance railroading, for it will provide the means of carrying more passengers with fewer trains and a lessened consumption of power, since the new car weighs less than those now used. "The coaches, which may be replaced, have a capacity of seventy-six passengers, while the new ones will seat 120. " HOW TO USE ENGLISH By Frank H. Vizetelly, Litt. D., LL. D. Over 650 pages of valuable advice on how to make the most effective use of English, gleaned from the author's long experience in working with words. Dr. Vizetelly is managing editor of The New Standard Dic- tionary, and author of many books on English. Cloth, $2.50; by mail, $2.64. > THE COMPLETE BOOK OF PARTIES. By Margaret Lockwood Andrews Tells in detail how to make a success of every kind of party for every month and gala day in the year, with original menus and decorations for each. The section on children's parties alone includes 200 enter- taining games, and the section devoted to adult entertainment explains how to arrange for and conduct balls and dances, teas and bridge parties, bazaars, lawn parties, fétes, church festivals, formal and informal din- ners, luncheons and suppers, announcement parties, and showers for brides. Giving parties is Mrs. Andrews' profession, and some of the largest and most noted social events each Winter in the South are her creations. Helpfully illustrated. Cloth, $2.00; by mail, $2.14. At All Bookstores, or from FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, Publishcrs 354-360 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. ia eg tO 8 AE gt CURRENT POETRY UNSOLICITED CONTRIBUTIONS TO THIS DEPARTMENT CAN NOT BE RETURNED. Every year the poetry club of the Ameri- ean University in Washington publishes a volume of the verse of its talented under- graduates. From The Loom this year we quote a strange lyric: CHEMISTRY By.JoHn CoULTER Bunsen flames flare high and hot. Bubble and boil and simmer down. White fumes reel, like a drunken clown. Trouble and toil and all for naught. Dull day leans to its latter end. Sallow faced, with yellow hands, Tired men to a slow toil bend. Time is a stream of hard brown sands. Young love stands at the half-closed door. Sweet new love, with her tempting eyes. "'Come, for the warm day waits!'' she cries. "Seize the hour, it comes no more." Shake of the head with a wry grimace. Wincing, love, with hesitant pace Loiters along--then hurries away-- Women are made of water and clay. Dark gnarled streams of poisoned smoke Clutching nostril, stinging lip, Veiling mind--in jealousy's cloak. Love is a blossom frost will nip. Bunsen flames flare high and hot. Bubble and boil and simmer down. White fumes reel, like a drunken clown. Trouble and toil and all for naught. T ms is the season when poets are express- ing the lessons they have learned in forest, fields, and mountains. Here is one we find in the New, York Sun: "= FOREST REVERY me. By Sranton A. CoBLEeNTz2 A year has gone, and I again return Out of a clanging world of brick and brass, To lie cloud-gazing on a couch of fern And watch the slow waters pass. Under the same sky-reaching redwood tree, In the same grove where I would muse before, I view the latticed shadows languidly Ride on the forest floor. Unchanged! these woods, this light-flecked stream, As though not even a leaf had lost its way; While man, amid his spires of smoke and steam, Battles, and waxes gray. Teach me, O hills, that I have found again, What knowledge brings the troubled soul release; So that, returning to the doors of men, I still may share your peace. Jeno distant Sydney, Australia, comes The Bulletin, with this arresting sonnet tucked away in its crowded columns. Even in Moariland, youth cries its rebellion: COUNSEL By CHRISTINE COMBER And shall we take counsei of the old, And bow before grey hairs and wrinkled eyes, And flee adventure, fortune and surprise, And fear to stray beyond the parent-fold, And mock our youth that clamors to be bold And pierce the vague Unknown beyond the skies? And shall we stay our hand for aged sighs Because the blood in old men's limbs is cold? Shall we believe that all advice is wise Because it comes from old and withered lips? For these same old men used to ride the skies, And brave the sea in rotting, crazy ships, And scorn advice and laugh with bold young eyes At old men taking milk in feeble sips. 38 'T nose who have been lucky enough to spend their holidays in the deep woods will respond to the sincerity that animates these lines. We find them in Adventure: A WOODSMAN'S WISH By LowrE W. WREN Mine is no gentle wish, with folks about To pity me the day that I go out. O Lord of Storms--whenever it may be My time to go--uproot me like a tree! I dread the sapless pause, the sick delay, The agony of waiting day by day. Better the pine that feels a sudden puff Of angry wind and knows it is enough. When I grow weak, worn by the blow and shout-- Swift as a tree that falls--let me go out. In Westward (San Francisco) we come across a mystical lyric by a now-forgotten poet, yet well worth the republishing with which it is honored: INSPECTION By Ricuarp Rear (1834--1878) Let them rave, and let them lie; Soul of mine, make no reply; Something woos us from the sky. In these silences we hark Something singing, and do mark Something shining in the dark. 'Though we bleed beneath the knives Of the butchers, in our lives Something deathless yet survives. ve Far beyond these blades of ill, Breathing very calm and still, Something which they cannot kill. Though the warm flesh fail and waste, Though the leaves have bitter taste, Though the paths be interlaced. Well I know that, at the last, When the sudden hurt is past, Solemn peace, serene and vast, In my heart will nestle so That I shall not feel nor know Any harm or any woe. Sorrow. is a little thing, Is it not, Soul, when we bring Conscience unto suffering? 'Though, at first, we swooned on death, Yet when we had caught our breath, And were squared four-fold in faith, In our speech was no more moan, For our feet were firmly grown, And we did not stand alone. Comrade Soul! We see and hear Far beyond the misty sphere Of the dank world's doubt and fear. Round our heads the great stars glow; We can hear Life's mystic flow; See its widening cycles grow. All the sages and the seers Of the immemorial years, Since the earth first groaned in tears ? Speak unto us from their height, Summered in the infinite, Where it evermore is light. Wherefore, kissed by hallowing lips, Held in strong, assuring grips Of anointed fellowships. What to us is gibe or frown? What have we to cast us down? Soul, arise! assume thy crown! Turn thy features from the wall, Make thy stature proud and tall; See: the Lord is over all! UNPUBLISHED POETRY UNAVAILABLE In Harper's Monthly (New York) our at- tention is arrested by the curious sym- bolism of this lyrical confession: BESIEGED By JosEPHINE JOHNSON One citadel alone is left to me, The citadel of silence--if that go I am indeed defenseless to the foe. What does he seek within this ruined town, Where every other stronghold has gone down And none remembers what it used to be? No splendor hides within these crumbling walls. They echo only to the dim footfalis Of long-dead ghosts, with painful steps and slow. The fortresses have fallen one by one, And all their gold and scarlet has been won. Have mercy on me now, and let me go! Oh, must you take the utmost toll of me? Here, then, my piteous treasure--look, and see A broken dream, a tarnished memory! Tn The Lyric (Roanoke, Va.) we come across an arresting poem by a little-known writer who hails from Sherman, South Dakota: NED AND DAN AND | By Joun Cotman Evans And so we've plowed, the team and I, Through sun-splashed days and rain, And Ned I called Prime Minister, And Dan I called High Thane. And I was Privy Counselor; The plow was Seneschal; And oh, the furrows that we laid With God for Admiral. Drain off the cup, and fling it down! The evening flame will die. And birds must all wheel home, and so Must Ned and Dan and I. No more, no more; put up the plow; We'll all sink off to sleep. The creaking harness shall be limp, And silence shall be deep. So iie down, lie down, Ned and Dan, Beside the dying sun, For those who labor love to rest When laboring is done. Lie deeply down, good Ned and Dan; Lie down to sleep and dream; I'll foilow too when darkness comes And I have crossed the stream. W HO can think of Pavlowa in the dark earth? This were a better end for all dancers. From The Spectator (London): THE DANCER By Puyiiuis HarrnNoiyi 'When this body, that I have schooled to interpret Each sound in motion effortless and sure, That rises to a pinnacle of silence, Seeming to pause an instant there, secure, Shall, at the last, fall from a wide-flung gesture Into the cold rigidity of death, And lie so heavily, that once was lighter Than thistledown that veers to every breath, Lay me not then in the dark earth unfriendly, Where never leaf shall sway nor flower nod, And I shall slowly sink into corruption Under the grass my dancing feet have trod. Take me, before my limbs are set in rigor, To a tall funeral pyre on some dark night, Where fire eats quickly through the crackling wood As if my speed had set the stage alight, And flames leap up like draperies that catch Their changing colours from the spotlight's glare-- But never dance was swift as this that makes me One with the smoke that fades upon the air, A handful of ashes curtseying in the wind, On tiptoe in some strange fantastic measure; For so in death I dance to please myself That gave my life to dance for others' pleasure. 4 Sy Pee eMisbee i On 1932 CONTENTS THE LITERARY DIGEST for SEPTEMBER 10, 1932 Votume 114 Noumser 11 Published at 354-360 Fourth Avenue New York + + + TOPICS OF THE DAY Don't Miss .Your Ballot in the Presidential RONGP arn re teen fe 3 A "United Front" Against Depression .... 4 Storm-Signals in the New Bonus Drive ... 6 Roosevelt's Prohibition Blast ......... 7 The Coal Struggle in "Little Egypt' ..... 8 The Farmets' War for Higher Prices... . . 9 SRODICS IN MB Tlek et Camp mnE A ore ete SiGe oh. 10 FOREIGN COMMENT The Hitler-von Papen Duel That Rocks Gernianyinens da en ore hen ees 11 Rabbit and Soy-Beans a La Soviet. ...... 12 Japan's Defiant Manchurian Doctrine .... 13 SCIENCE AND INVENTION Our Greatest Concrete Arch Bridge ..... 14 Lightning Doesn't Zigzag ........... 15 French Doubts of Psychoanalysis ....... 15 AsNew Kind of Windmill... ...2..... 16 What Ozone Can and Can Not Do ..... 16 Fewer Accidents With Professional Drivers . 17 Krehts Lure' Bugs Away. «503 .s. 5 6s nin 17 Dwo-Story Ratlroad' Cars. = ..3 . s sesee-es 17 LETTERS AND ART Devotee ofOld Musié 05. ce es 18 SOLID Dine wee WOLGSeals oe eo ale aliar'a se Albee 18 Wihatulsia-dorch Singer 2. svc ee 6 waren 19 The Scrub-Woman's Music .......... 19 Stories of a ""Restless Eagle"-......... 20 BOGeatwArist--Rine Life TiO «lee. 2 + + 21 No) Aldonises Among. Us bic 6 sie fe sees 21 Me OVE Ee ed etn eke Shas Gee al 21 RELIGION AND SOCIAL SERVICE Eugenics As the Cure for All the Race's Ills . 22 Mibew Wearing OLthe Grossi ei so ce aes 23 Materialism on the Campus.......... 24 And Behold It Was Very Good. Poem... 24 The Sunday-School Growing ......... 24 PERSONAL GLIMPSES Bang Goes the Brown Derby on the Editor's Desk tenes at fier. abet Bees 26 Rash Lioness, to Claw a Rhino's Baby... . . 28 Where Circuses Go When They Die ... . 30 How Fall River Takes a Fall Out of Civic EG el eet re a Ree Get keris oan e 32 Americans Not Wanted in the Foreign Legion 33 GenesastaGhibs bipker a eee us es 34 INVESTMENTS AND FINANCE R. F. C. Loans Out in the Open....... 36 Are the Railroads Licked? ......5:.+.5-. 37 CURRENT POETRY (OS ipel a yo nce Ele eae eC e 38 Moreste REveLy: a2) Sede > 4 ep craee @ 38 Pees ON Mh ete ee sh vo, sc les Ss oid. #1 08) os ao ta te 38 FAMNLOOCSManiss WHSE lois ws 3 sss oo > 38 WapfeyesVOyn), Sac 6. a 5 a4)